Deductive Model Research Articles

The morality of foreign law

Abstract The article explains the normative foundations of the use of foreign law in constitutional reasoning. It pursues four claims. First, it argues that a normative explanation of the use of foreign law must elucidate the connection between foreign legal facts and moral values. Second, it distinguishes between the deductive model of the use of foreign law, which ascribes value to foreign legal facts directly, and the reflective model, which ascribes value to the outcomes of the reflective process facilitated by foreign legal facts. Third, it shows how the deductive model fails to explain the value of foreign law for constitutional judgment. Fourth, the article demonstrates how the reflective model can be justified with reference to a set of virtues of good moral judgment, but argues that this model poses important limits to the use of foreign law.

Distribution model and habitat characteristics of Morimus asper funereus Mulsant, 1863 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Bulgaria

Morimus asper funereus is a protected longhorn beetle species of community interest and conservation importance. It is included in Annex II of the Habitats Directive (as M. funereus) and protected under the Bulgarian Biodiversity Act. Although this saproxylic beetle is widespread in old-growth forests or well-structured woodlands in Central and Southeast Europe, its populations are currently threatened by forest practices, such as the removal of wood (branches and logs) (Hardersen et al. 2017). The species is with limited dispersal ability (due to lack of wings) and is very likely to possess very isolated and localized populations. In addition, M. asper funereus is of considerable interest from a taxonomic point of view with unclear taxonomic status for as much as Morimus asper is a morphologically highly variable species. At present, at least three species/subspecies of the genus Morimus are known from the territory of Bulgaria - Morimus asper, M. orientalis and M. vercundus bulgaricus (Danilevsky et al. 2016). Although, it is considered M. asper to be met almost everywhere in Bulgaria, its distribution is still not sufficiently known. We started a systematic and more intensive study on the species distribution in 2012 with the mapping of NATURA 2000 sites. Until the present study 54 localities from the literature had been known, after 562 new records have been added. The available information is organised in a database incorporated into the platform “SmartBirds Pro” - https://smartbirds.org (Popgeorgiev et al. 2015), part of which gives the possibility for registration of protected beetle species. In addition, the platform provides free access to all data (type, location, coordinates, date, observer). Here we present all available data for the species records, and its potential distribution and habitat preference for the territory of Bulgaria via deductive model, using the possibilities of GIS and MAXENT (Fourcade et al. 2014).

FLEXIBILITY AND WORK-LIFE BALANCE – OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS

Purpose: Flexibility of organizational behavior of employees is most often treated as a homogeneous category, without taking into account differences in its form and scope. However, it should be noted that various forms of flexibility have various consequences. The purpose of this article is to describe the opportunities and threats of flexible behavior in the perspective of the organization and for the work-life balance of employees. Methodology/Approach: The paper presents a deductive model of analysis based on in-depth literature studies in management, psychology and sociology. Findings, Implications/limitations : The first part of the paper outlines the implications of flexibility in general terms identifying them as potential opportunities and threats in the perspective of employees and organizations. Particular attention has been paid to the challenges of contamination of the spheres of life and the resulting conflicts. The second part of the paper discusses the implications of the indicated types of flexibility of organizational behavior of employees. Such variation in description seems to be particularly important from the point of view of the analysis of the consequences, since it allows the identified effects to be assigned to specific categories and thus to be accurately identified.

Design of Air Combat Deduction System Based on UML Language

According to the characteristics of high cost and great difficulty in air combat exercise, relying on information equipment, this paper designs an air combat deduction model system. Firstly, the system is designed with the idea of ‘Human input, system deducts automatically’, and the key modules of the system are designed. Then the radar search model, missile motion model and the airborne fire control system model are established. Finally, the static model, dynamic model and data flow direction of the system are designed respectively by selecting system use case diagram, sequence diagram and coordination diagram, and the overall model of the system is built based on UML language.

Kant's Transcendental Deductions

This paper describes Immanuel Kant’s transcendental deductions from 1781 to 1790. The deduction is a central element of Kant’s critical project. However, a comparison of the seven deductions performed over the last decade of his work shows Kant rethought, sometimes radically, the method of deduction. The paper argues that Kant did not have a single model of deduction, rather he had an approach which he adapted to meet the requirements of his theoretical, practical and aesthetic philosophy. The paper sets out in clear steps what Kant tried to do with each deduction, thus providing the opportunity to identify what was common across the deductions as well as changes that reflected Kant’s continuous rethinking of them.

Institutionalization, Universalism and Prospects for the Development of Accounting Knowledge

The current stage of development of the domestic accounting system and accounting (financial) statements is characterized by a distortion of the essence of the social institution of accounting knowledge. The latter implies the existence and functioning of the two parity components — science as the evolving system of knowledge aimed at obtaining objectively structured and reasonable information about economic reality, as well as science as the sphere of activity of the professional economic community. Moreover, the first component, in accordance with the tenets of the science studies, is given the dominant, guiding role, which focuses the attention of practical activity on the goals and objectives of the society. Reforming accounting in accordance with international financial reporting standards led to the prevalence of the regulatory paradigm (practical component), which set a certain framework for the development of scientific thought, and in the future could lead to full discrimination of the social institution of accounting. The target setting of this article is aimed at identifying the underlying causes of the problems of institutionalization of the national accounting system. The substantiation of the author’s point of view required a system analysis of the results of scientific studies of sociology, philosophy and ethics of science, extrapolation of the knowledge gained to the object and subject of accounting. The formulation of conclusions predetermined the use of such general scientific research methods as observation, evaluation, deduction, and intellectual modeling. The results of the relevant studies actualize the need for large-scale research in the field of ethics of accounting science, as a primary element of the institutionalization process. The necessity for the development of academic ethics in accordance with the principle of mediated universalism is proved. The directions of development of accounting and accounting (financial) reporting are predicted — unipolarization, multi-polarization, non-polarization.

Estilos y estrategias de aprendizaje, una búsqueda efectiva para hallar la relación con la motivación académica

El objetivo fue analizar la relación entre la motivación académica y los estilos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes del Programa de Educación Primaria de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano Puno en el semestre académico 2017. La investigación es de tipo correlacional simple y de enfoque cuantitativo, el diseño de investigación sigue las pautas del modelo hipotético deductivo. El trabajo permitió entender que las tendencias que manejan para interiorizar competencias que les proporcionarán el nivel académico óptimo para afrontar su profesión. El estilo de aprendizaje tiene un componente emocional, afectivo y sentimental que es determinante en el desarrollo de competencias. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante el procesamiento en el programa SPSS. Los resultados indican que existe una relación de 0.95 entre las variables estudiadas.

Comparing outcomes from competing models assessing environmental flows in the Minnesota River Basin

The ability to predictively link river hydrology to ecological effects (i.e., flow-ecology relationships) is central to understanding consequences of alternative freshwater management strategies and transparently making trade-offs. While myriad techniques for developing flow-ecology relationships exist, water managers are often concerned about not only model type, but also capacity to reliably predict ecological responses. Here, we develop flow-ecology relationships with three contrasting model development philosophies and examine consistency and robustness of model outcomes as the models are applied to six future land use scenarios in the Minnesota River Basin. All three models are developed from two data sources distributed across the basin: (1) 18 years of modeled streamflow hydrology at 1016 locations and (2) 463 fish richness monitoring events at 314 locations. Model-1 assumes hydrologic change alone is indicative of ecological response, and the relative change in seven synthetic streamflow statistics is applied as a metric of ecological impact. Model-2 develops flow-ecology relationships from a traditional, deductive modeling approach using dimensional analysis and linear regression, which assumes model adoption will increase if the tool is transparent and based on ecological and hydrological principles. Model-3 applies an inductive, machine-learning model (boosted regression trees) to develop flow-ecology relationships, which assumes that lost transparency in modeling is an acceptable trade-off for increased predictive power. All three models were applied to six “alternative futures” (i.e., land use scenarios) in the Minnesota River Basin. Hydrologic model outcomes (Model-1) show large quantitative responses to land use change and provided a useful intermediate outcome for communicating how land use change alters dimensions of streamflow. Although structurally simple, Model-2 estimated fish richness with reasonable predictive accuracy (R2 = 0.38), and dimensional analysis provided a powerful mechanism for scaling predictions across a range of watershed sizes. Although opaque in the ability to visualize outcomes, the machine learning method (Model-3) estimated fish richness with high predictive accuracy (R2 = 0.73), which may be an acceptable trade-off to managers. When applied to six land use scenarios, all three models generally predict qualitatively similar outcomes (e.g., the increased agricultural development scenario has greater ecological impacts than scenarios emphasizing biodiversity or water quality).

Graphical Deduction Model Based Production Instruction Service System for Smart Job Shops in Industry 4.0

The arrival of the industry 4.0 era has made the intelligentization and informationization of manufacturing become the mainstream trend. The workshop production control system needs to be more intelligent to meet the needs of real-time control and dynamic coordination. This paper proposes a production instruction service system based on graphical deduction model, constructs the structural framework of production instruction service system, establishes a graphical deduction model of smart job shop production process, and briefly describes the key enabling technology for realizing production instruction service system.

FLEXIBILITY AND WORK-LIFE BALANCE – OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS

Purpose: Flexibility of organizational behavior of employees is most often treated as a homogeneous category, without taking into account differences in its form and scope. However, it should be noted that various forms of flexibility have various consequences. The purpose of this article is to describe the opportunities and threats of flexible behavior in the perspective of the organization and for the work-life balance of employees. Methodology/Approach: The paper presents a deductive model of analysis based on in-depth literature studies in management, psychology and sociology. Findings, Implications/limitations : The first part of the paper outlines the implications of flexibility in general terms identifying them as potential opportunities and threats in the perspective of employees and organizations. Particular attention has been paid to the challenges of contamination of the spheres of life and the resulting conflicts. The second part of the paper discusses the implications of the indicated types of flexibility of organizational behavior of employees. Such variation in description seems to be particularly important from the point of view of the analysis of the consequences, since it allows the identified effects to be assigned to specific categories and thus to be accurately identified.

Upaya Meningkatkan Kinerja Pegawai Kantor Perpustakaan Dan Arsip Daerah Kabupaten Banyumas

Human resource management becomes a challenge in the process of organizing the public organization. The successful of human resources management can be impactful on the achievement of public organizations goals. Bad administration of human resources can have further influence on the performance of the organization. Espesially in Banyumas, 8 job departements still have low achievements, below 90% of RKPD targets. Two of them are in SKPD of Library Office and Regional Archive of Banyumas Regency This research aims to determine the performance of the Public Library and Archive Office and find several factors that can improve performance in public organizations. This research was conducted in the Banyumas Public Library and Archive Office, and the respondents of all office employees. This research use deductive model and using data analysis method of correlation kendall tau and ordinal regression The results showed that the performance of employees at the Public Library and Archive Office is good but not optimal. This study also found the relationship and influence where the work discipline affect the performance of 20.3%, while the employee's ability to affect the performance of 24.4%, and employee perceptions of the work environment affect the performance of 32.2%. Keyword: Human Resources, Employees Performance, Library Management, Disipline, Ability, Work Environment DOI https://doi.org/10.33005/jdg.v7i2.1205

Accurate deduction of infrared imaging features of subpixel targets based on the conversion of radiation fields of measured area targets.

The accurate generation of infrared (IR) imaging features of subpixel targets plays a very important role in the demonstration, verification, and optimization of system design schemes as well as in research into detection algorithms for small targets in the development of remote IR early warning systems. Based on the generation mechanism of target full-link IR imaging features, this study theoretically considers target radiation characteristics, the working environment, and the spatial response and energy-conversion characteristics of IR sensors, and an accurate deduction model of IR imaging features of subpixel targets is proposed and established. First, the surface-radiation field distribution of the target and background are inverted based on the measured data and the model of radiation calibration; then, the accurate simulation of IR imaging features of subpixel targets is realized by considering the geometric transformation of the spatial imaging, the aperiodic transfer function, scale registration of spatial sampling, and radiation coupling. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed model is verified by using the outfield experiment data. The experimental results show that the IR imaging-diffusion features of subpixel targets with different duty cycles are in good agreement with the prediction results of the model. The results obtained provide data support for the demonstration, verification, and optimization of the system design scheme, as well as for research into detection algorithms of small targets in the development of remote IR early warning systems.

Cultural grammar and the cultural linguistics heritage from the pre-Millennials

AbstractWhile the newly arriving Millennial generation of cultural linguists was maturing, Boomers and Generation Xer’s were developing a theory of cognitive linguistics in an environment hostile to both induction and science. Two decades of mechanical deductive models from the intellectual (not political) right were followed by two more decades of linguistic subversion of science from the postmodernist left. In spite of these astringent intellectual currents, inductive linguistic science thrived in the last two decades of the 20th Century and attracted attention from other disciplines, including anthropology, philosophy, psychology, and ESL. The branch that we call cognitive linguistics did so largely by investigating imagery, usage, symbolic networks, and systems of metaphor. Some researchers from the social and linguistic sciences found it useful to shift the focus away from the universal imagistic attentional processes employed by cognitive linguists and over to culturally defined sources of imagery. This resulted in the retooling of linguistic relativism under the rubric ofcultural linguisticsjust as the first Millennials were entering grad schools at the advent of the 21st century. In addition to motivating cross-linguistic and cross-cultural studies of metaphors and cultural models, the shift has been productive in revealing links between culture, ideology, and grammar. It is argued that the single most pregnant and distinguishing concept in cultural linguistics is that of thescenario, and it is hoped that the Millennial generation will continue to develop and employ it in cross-linguistic studies. In this paper we demonstrate its application to cultural grammar.

Theory and Ethnography of Affective Participation at DIY Shows in U.S.

Many scholars have argued that live concerts constitute a community. My question in this article is how is this achieved, what kind of community is generated in the process, and how do we analytically approach answering these questions? In this regard, Thomas Turino suggests that community can be generated through an active and synchronous physical and music-related participation at live events. As a corrective to his deductive model of participatory and presentational music, I propose an inductive model of socio-musical participation, based on practices of DIY (“do-it-yourself”) music communities in the US. In the article, I engage with various theories of audience participation, as well as analyze different types of DIY music participation through the ethnographic study of American DIY shows. The interaction between DIY performers, audiences, and organizers, and the various forms of their social and musical participation at DIY shows suggest not only physical, music-related, and synchronous, but also spectatorial, non-synchronous, and co-creational participation; and not only harmonious but also antagonistic participation. This approach utilizes affect theory, recognizes difference and conflict in the constitution of a music community, and refutes some prevalent assumptions about the notion of audience participation.

Модель целеполагания в многоагентной системе с ограниченным ресурсом времени

The article considers the goal-setting model concept in modeling the reasoning of cognitive agents in dynamic hard real-time systems. An important issue concerned with processing tasks by means of hard real-time systems is the ability to estimate the amount of time available for processing till the moment of time it becomes too late to produce the result. To avoid such a situation, it is necessary to be able to correlate the steps and results of ongoing reasoning with the events occurring in the external environment. Reasoning of this type is called reasoning in time. To formalize such reasoning, formalisms of active logic are suggested. When regarded as a deduction model, active logic is characterized by a language and a set of deductive rules and observations. By using an observation function, one can model a dynamic environment, information about which arrives to the agent as changes occur in that environment. Reasoning in time is characterized by accomplishment of deduction cycles (steps) serving as a time standard. The agent's knowledge is associated with the index of the step on which it was gained for the first time. Observations can be carried out at any step of the deductive process, and a formula expressing some statement and associated with the relevant step serves as its result. To construct a goal-setting model for solving problems in hard real-time environment, a logic system (a metalogic of knowledge) is introduced to formalize in the general case the metareasoning of several intellectual agents about the tasks they face, about their own knowledge, and about the possibilities of solving these problems in interaction with the other agents, taking into account the limited time resource available to each of the agents. The goal-setting process gives an answer to the question of which subgoals and in what sequence at a given moment in time should be achieved for the main goal faced by the multi-agent system be fulfilled within acceptable time. It should be noted that the response may vary depending on the current situation and as additional information becomes available, because the assigned targets may be canceled and new ones assigned. The knowledge metalogics language is shown as a combination of three languages: the language of problem domain, the language of agents, and metalanguage, with the last two being multigrade ones. The language of agents contains special predicate symbols for reasoning about goals, about the tasks associated with them, about the structure of these tasks, and about possible methods and admissible timeframes for solving them. Metalanguage allows one to express general statements about the arguments of agents. Formal theories constituting the meta-knowledge system of knowledge are presented.

Modelowanie uwarunkowań sukcesu przedsiębiorstw zorientowanych projektowo

The purpose of the paper is to present hypothetical and deductive model describing the modus operandi of project oriented companies (POC’s) and approach to model operationalisation. Due to this statistical procedure, it will be verified whether the matrix arising from the adopted theoretical model differs statistically from the empirical matrix of covariance arising from the system of equations. The fit of the model with the empirical data will be evaluated using χ2, RMSEA and CFI (Comparative Fit Index). How well the theoretical model fits the empirical data is assessed through a number of indicators.

Pojmowanie wyzwań, zagrożeń i ryzyka w bezpieczeństwie państwa

Aim: The aim of the article is to determine the understanding of the challenges, threats and risks that constitute cognitive factors relevant to the need to assess the impact of these factors on the state and its security. The achievement of this goal has been guided by the working hypothesis: cognitive factors relevant to the needs of assessing the state and its security challenges, threats and risks will probably analytically define these concepts through the complementary use of word formation, induction, philological and intuitive methods. Design and methods: The scientific problem was addressed, and the working hypothesis was examined, in three stages. First, the author determined how challenges, threats and risks were approached in the literature on the subject. Then, during the second stage, the author used the methods mentioned in the hypothesis to formulate realistic, analytical concepts for these terms. Finally, in the third stage, the author developed a deductive model for evaluating the achievement of national security goals to operationalise and, consequently, verify the established understanding of the terms in question . Results: The applied research procedure allowed the author to establish the assumed understanding of challenges, threats and risks. As a result, a challenge to national security is considered a situation in the country or its neighbouring areas, which – if not detected and identified in time, and not responded to with appropriately selected and arranged activities taken in the right time and at the right place – can transform into threats to the state. A threat to national security, on the other hand, is a series of events taking place inside and/or outside the country, which undermine its structure and/ or prevent it from fulfilling its functions, which makes it impossible or difficult to achieve: − the inviolability of the territory of the state, its identity and sovereignty, − the survival of the nation, − maintenance of internal order and legal order, − quality of life and development of the nation. Finally, the author established that risk is an indicator of the threats or danger to the state that could lead to losses. This risk can be considered to be the result of the probability of the occurrence of such threats and dangers, and of the likely magnitude of the losses they might cause, as well as the vulnerability of the entity concerned. This approach to understanding risk allows us to analyse national risks in terms of a measurable value of the risk vector and its orientation in the three-dimensional Euclidean space. Moreover, based on own research results, the author developed a graphical model for assessing the achievement of the national security goals. The model operationalizes the proposed conceptualization of the terms in question, and at the same time directs further research towards the identification of measurement methods for such factors as risks inherent in the challenges, risks themselves and risks in the assessment of the effects of such threats

RFID-Enabled Physical Object Tracking in Process Flow Based on an Enhanced Graphical Deduction Modeling Method

The purpose of this paper is to develop an enhanced radio frequency identification (RFID)-enabled graphical deduction model (rfid-GDM) for tracking the time-sensitive state, position, and other attributes of RFID-tagged objects in process flow. Concepts and definitions related to processes and RFID applications are first clarified, and enhanced state blocks are proposed to depict four kinds of RFID application scenarios. The implementation framework of rfid-GDM and its five steps are further addressed. Both mathematical formalization and graphical description of each step are involved. Finally, a case is studied to verify the feasibility of rfid-GDM. It is expected that rfid-GDM will provide instructions for modeling and tracking RFID-enabled process flows in diverse fields.

Transformation of Approaches to Organizing the Students' University Practical Training in the Area of Social Activity: A Post-Soviet Experience

The relevance of studying the problem is conditioned by a number of circumstances existing in the Russian education. Among the most important ones, the following should be named: having to bring the Russian education close to and harmonize it with the European one in line with the Bologna requirements, the need to overcome its excessive academicism, as well as the actual performance of the long-proclaimed transition to practice-oriented learning. The objective of the paper consists in suggesting the variants of overcoming the existing controversies and disadvantages of the professional training of activity specialists by putting forward a model for organizing the practical training in the direction of social The model includes the concept of practical training and mechanisms for implementation thereof in the modern Russia with the experience of the European countries borne in mind. The leading approach to the study of the problem was the method of hypothetic and deductive modeling, including all the successive stages up to the experimental one. The paper presents the results of theoretical analysis of scientific and methodological sources on the problem of practical training and implementation of practice and activity-oriented education at the Russian higher education institutions which is aimed at personal and professional development of students via the formation of competences. The analytical approach allowed identifying the key organizational disadvantages that prevent the said approach from being implemented to the full extent in the Russian education practice, including due to the lack of an optimum practical training model. The results of the research have allowed providing grounds for having to develop the concept of students' practical training in directions of activity and suggesting the mechanisms for implementing it at the Russian educational organizations. The materials of the research can be used by the Russian and foreign higher education institutions when holding the students' practical training, first of all, in the area of work.

Connectivism: Implications for Distance Education

Background: According to the connectivism learning theory, learning has a different form in the digital age compared to the industrial age, where traditional learning theories were applied. Thus, this study aimed at identifying and discovering implications of connectivism learning theory for distance education. Methods: The present study was a qualitative research. Population of this study was all the documents that were published in Iran during 2007 and 2015. Based on this search, about 100 valid published academic materials including papers, books, websites, conferences, and other academic materials were recognized. Because of the large overlap of these materials, by using purposive sampling, 10 cases were selected as the research sample. In this study, Mayring’s deductive qualitative content analysis method was used to extract implications of connectivism learning theory for distance education. According to the deductive model of qualitative content analysis, research question was identified in the first step. In the second step, valid and relevant publications and texts were determined. In the third step, aspects of theoretical analysis and categories were defined. In the fourth step, encoding of analysis units was done to infer the subcategories. In the fifth step, the main categories were extracted based on their most consistency with the subcategories; and in the final step, results were interpreted and quantitative assessment (e.g., frequencies) was done. Results: The results of this study referred to 9 connectivism implications as follow: networked teacher, networked students, networked learning, ecosystem, information and knowledge stream, connection and interaction, pluralism, and value measuring. Conclusion: Findings of this study may be useful and helpful for instructional and learning designers in e-learning environments.