Decrease In Death Rate Research Articles

Automatic Dissolved Oxygen Control to Oreochromis Fish’s Crop into Geomembrane Tank

Huila is a Colombian state with a high production of Oreochromis fish, its contribution to national production is of 53%, that is distributed in 338 hectares of ponds on land and floating cages. The environmental and climatic characteristics of the region allow having dissolved oxygen production in the ponds between 4ppm and 12ppm during the day, but at night the situation is unfavorable, since the amount of dissolved oxygen can decrease up to 1ppm while carbon dioxide increases. Therefore, it is necessary to have adequate oxygenation equipment and systems to prevent delayed in fish growth and to decrease death rates. This article presents the design and implementation of an automatic dissolved oxygen control system by manipulation of a water recirculation flow that operates in parallel with an industrial oxygen generator. The implemented system tracks and records the temperature and oxygen variables present in the geomembrane tank to evaluate the process evolution for different periods of the fish development cycle. The data was acquired using an Atlas Scientific dissolved oxygen sensor kit and a DS18B20 temperature probe they send the data directly to a Raspberry Pi that transmits by wireless the information collected from the process to the SISCEFA web server and a mobile application through which users can observe the data traceability. The dissolved oxygen concentration was maintained within the threshold established and the fish rate death decrease.

PRELIMINARY RESULTS ON THE USING TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY IN DIAGNOSIS OF INHERITED METABOLIC DISEASES

BACKGROUND According to the results of the researches common indexes of the prevalence of inherited metabolic diseases (IMD) varies from 1 to 800 on 1 to 2500 alive newborns. IMD are taking one of the first places among children pathology, early children death (40%) and disability[1]. According to systematic review of the 43 forms of the inborn errors of metabolism are related to unexpected death of newborns. For IMD it is common to have a wide spectrum of the unusual clinical manifestation, often they are not diagnosed, while well timed diagnoses and proper treatment are able to prevent severe systematic lesions, which lead to death and disability[2]. For that reason one of the most significant problems of the modern pediatrics is to early diagnosis of IMD. The only way to diagnosis of orphan metabolic diseases is the tandem mass spectrometry (TMS) [3]. AIM Scientifically substantiate the need for implementation of selective screening IMD of children using TMS method in Republic of Kazakhstan (RK) for early diagnosis, therapy of the inherited metabolic diseases, to reduce disability and death rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS Material of the research – dry blood spots, taken using standard methodology on filtered DBS papers, which are used in RK in the program of neonatal screening (for retrospective research – archived samples of the dry blood spots of the children dead during first year of life). Method of the research is tandem mass spectometry (QSight Perkin Elmer). RESULTS Analysis of the archived dry blood spot samples showed metabolic deviations in 20.4% of the cases. The detected changes are related to amino acids metabolic disorders, defects of -oxidation of the fat acids, decrease activity of the glucocerebrosidase (Gaucher’s disease) and sphingomyelinase (Nimman – Pick disease). Results of the selective screening have shown metabolic disorders in 5% of the cases (defects of -oxidation of the fat acids, aminoacidopathy, organic aciduria). CONCLUSIONS The preliminary results of the using TMS for the diagnosis of IMD have shown the need for implementation of selective screening IMD using TMS, which is able to conduct diagnosis of 75 metabolites of 49 IMD in single blood spot, which were not detected in RK previously. Taking into the consideration economic expenses of the government, related to the costs of the systematic treatment, medical service, life expectancy and lifelong support of the disabled children with IMD, early detection of orphan metabolic diseases is the vital condition of the decrease of newborn and children death rate, sickness rate and disability. This research study was carried out as a part of a scientific project funded by West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University.

Falls in older aged adults in 22 European countries: incidence, mortality and burden of disease from 1990 to 2017

IntroductionFalls in older aged adults are an important public health problem. Insight into differences in fall-related injury rates between countries can serve as important input for identifying and evaluating prevention...

Causes of Deaths in Northern Cyprus: Implications for Accurate Recording and Prevention of Deaths

Background: Reporting the causes of deaths completely and correctly is important to develop interventions for reducing death rates in populations. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the death rates, major causes of deaths and accuracy of recording of death causes in Northern Cyprus between 2007 and 2016. Methods: Data on death rates and causes of deaths between 2007 and 2016 were collected. The data were analyzed using SPSS 23 vs to determine the trends in death rates and to evaluate the ranking of causes of deaths. Results: There was an overall decrease in crude death rates between 2007 and 2016. The proportion of deaths in Northern Cyprus varied in terms of gender and age between 2007 and 2016, with death rates greater in males compared to females (1.89 times greater in 2007) and with higher death rates in people of older ages compared to younger people. The most common cause of death was ischemic heart diseases in all years, except in 2008, where senility was reported as the most common cause of death. Conclusion: There were decreasing trends in mortality rates in Northern Cyprus, with ischemic heart diseases reported as the top cause of deaths in the population. Accurate and complete reporting must be ensured for effective health policies and reduction of health expenditures.

Random Forest with Self-Paced Bootstrap Learning in Lung Cancer Prognosis

Training gene expression data with supervised learning approaches can provide an alarm sign for early treatment of lung cancer to decrease death rates. However, the samples of gene features involve lots of noises in a realistic environment. In this study, we present a random forest with self-paced learning bootstrap for improvement of lung cancer classification and prognosis based on gene expression data. To be specific, we propose an ensemble learning with random forest approach to improving the model classification performance by selecting multi-classifiers. Then, we investigate the sampling strategy by gradually embedding from high- to low-quality samples by self-paced learning. The experimental results based on five public lung cancer datasets show that our proposed method could select significant genes exactly, which improves classification performance compared to that of existing approaches. We believe that our proposed method has the potential to assist doctors in gene selections and lung cancer prognosis.

On the Question Concerning the Creation of Unified Accounting Data Form “The Protocol of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation” for Mobile Teams of Emergency Medical Services

Significant decrease in death rates from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) can be achieved by developing and implementing an integrated program of administrative interventions focused on improvements in the provision of the first aid and emergency medical care. However, both identification of the foreground and reasonable components of the program, and evaluation of its efficiency are impossible in the absence of reliable tools for collecting and analyzing data on epidemiology of OHCA and performance of the prehospital care system. This paper discusses the development of unified form for collecting data on cases of OHCA with attempted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), addresses the promising data form “The protocol of CPR” that is recommended by the Specialized Board on Emergency Medical Care of the Ministry of Health of Russia, and offers a set of proposals for optimizing the form with consideration for the international guidelines for uniform reporting of data from OHCA.Author declare lack of the conflicts of interests.

Cancer Uses the Common Morphogenesis Source of the Host

Trophic properties of hematopoietic stem cells can influence the malignant growth alternatively to immune control. The annual growth of the body mass by age in adult populations of welfare countries used as the most common criterion of metabolic and proliferative tissue activity, and these data compared with death’ rate for malignant and somatic diseases in different age-groups of the same countries. The rate of physiologic involution of different cell populations in the lymphoid lineage by age also involved in correlations between the above parameters. A decrease in death rate for cancer and increase it’s for non-malignant diseases found in 60+ populations, which have the lowest physiological temp of renewal of lymphocytes number and mass of the body. The lack of both the thymus gland volume and proliferative activity of naive lymphocytes reduces physiological body mass renewal as well as the cancer death rate but enhances somatic death rate, opposing to anticancer immunity at large. A protumor character of the lymphopoietic system’s relation with malignancy seems more realistic than defending one.

Efficacy of Clinical Toxicology Curriculum on the 4th Year Egyptian Students - Faculty of Medicine- Tanta University in Improvement their Concept about Human Safety from Toxicity

Introduction: Safety is considered the main mission in life. Decreasing death rate in homes, at work and among communities must be done through education and researches promotion. About 90% of poisoning happened due to lack of awareness. The aim of this study: is to illustrate the efficacy of Clinical Toxicology Curriculum on the 4th year Egyptian students-academic year 2018-2019 Faculty of Medicine- Tanta University in improvement their concept about human safety from toxicity. Methodology: Self designed questionnaire -based survey was conducted on the 4th year Egyptian students - Faculty of Medicine- Tanta University, administered in two parts; part I: pre course test was done in the second day of Clinical Toxicology curriculum and part II: post course test was done at the end of Clinical Toxicology curriculum which lasting for two months. Results: Number of 4th year Egyptian students participated in the study were 755. More than half of them were males, urban, and interesting in Clinical Toxicology study. The mean total knowledge score of participants was statistically significantly higher in post course test. Additionally, despite both genders showed significant increase in the mean total knowledge score, but the magnitude of knowledge gain was observed to be higher in females than males. Conclusion: it could be concluded that, many subjects in Clinical Toxicology Curriculum introduced satisfactory knowledge about safety like; how to maintain safety from household cleaning agents, but others need modifications like; safety from medications poisoning.

Understanding how geographic, demographic and treatment history impact health outcomes of patients with multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis in Pakistan, 2014-2017.

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide [1]. In 2017, approximately 10 million people were infected with TB and 1.3 million patients faced mortality [1]. Patients with active TB can infect up to 10-15 people over a year. There is a greater risk of transmission in overcrowded areas with limited air ventilation including large family units, prisons and slums [1, 2]. Without proper diagnosis and treatment, roughly 45% of non-HIV positive TB patients face mortality [1]. With the help of global organizations and national TB treatment and control programmes, the global incidence of TB is declining by approximately 2% each year [1]. The World Health Organization (WHO) TB-strategy aims to end the TB epidemic and encourages partners to fund national TB programmes to improve diagnosis and treatment of TB. The goal is to ultimately decrease death rates by 90% and decrease incidence rates by 80% [1]. To achieve these goals, the decline in TB incidence needs to reach approximately 4-5% per year [1]. The WHO 2018 TB report identified multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB) as the leading factor hindering that goal [1]. The incidence and spread of MDR-TB has drastically increased, where approximately 558 000 new cases of MDR-TB were diagnosed in 2017 causing more than 230 000 deaths globally [1]. MDR-TB is identified by resistance to the two most powerful anti-TB treatment drugs including isoniazid and rifampicin [3]. Patients with MDR-TB are required to start second-line anti-TB drugs (SLDs), which are limited, expensive, less effective and more toxic [1,2]. Therapy duration is one of the major limitations of second-line treatments, which may require up to two years of consistent use. Since TB affects mostly developing countries, long treatment durations and associated costs become a major challenge. In 2015, 15% of new TB cases were reported as MDR-TB, which drastically increased to 24% by 2017 [1]. Even with significant improvements in molecular tests and diagnostic methods, MDR-TB is still on the rise where the success rate of treatments is between 50 and 60% [1]. Additional characteristics including socioeconomic and sociocultural factors need to be considered when targeting and treating patients with MDR-TB.

Common causes of death in childbearing age women in AL Diwanyia governorate/Iraq

Background
 Women in the reproductive age group comprise a dangerous part of ur population because they face a double burden of communicable and non communicable diseases in addition to high risk of pregnancy complication. Thus an expected death of women in reproductive age had big trauma to family in psychological and social level of other member in family.
 Objective
 1-To find out the unrecorded maternal death in health institution
 2- To throw alight on most common causes of death in reproductive age groups woman
 Methods
 A cross sectional description type study was carried out from 1st june to 28thjune 2013 at Diwanyia city. The study enrolled data about dead women of child bearing age 12-49 year that occurred in period from January 2011 to December of 2012. Studied different types of variables age, residence, cause of death.Data were analyzed by (SPSS) like proportion. 
 Result
 A total of 450 deaths in reproductive age group women were reported, of which 18 (4%) were maternal death while 432 (96%) were due to non maternal cause. Majority of the deaths occurred in the age group of 40 – 49 years 169 (37.6%), and the most cause of death are ischemic heart disease 97 (21.6%) follow by cancer 81(18%).
 Conclusion:
 Control of modern life styles such as increase in weight, proper management of pregnancy complications might be decrease death rate in child bearing age women.

Dealing with existing theory: national fatality rates, vehicle standards and personal safety

In this paper we discuss some of the weaknesses in exiting theories and understandings behind road safety interventions and policy making. The paper deals with four main issues: road traffic fatality rates and per capita income of countries, vehicle crashworthiness standards, role of pedestrian and powered two-wheeler share in traffic on fatalities, and safety standards for vehicles other than cars. Recent data indicate that there may not be a strong relationship between income and road safety performance and it is possible for low and middle-income countries (LMIC) to decrease death rates at present income levels. Safer cars have had a major role in reducing fatality rates, but, gains in traffic safety in high income countries may be partly due to reducing exposure of vulnerable road users. Small lightweight vehicles (like tuk-tuks, three-wheeled scooter taxis) operating in many LMIC appear to have low fatality rates though they do not follow any crashworthiness standards. Very different crashworthiness standards need to be developed for low mass vehicles incapable of operating speeds greater than 50 km/h. LMIC may not be able to reduce fatality rates below about 7 per 100,000 population unless there are innovative developments in road design and all vehicle safety standards.

Role of Oral Zinc Supplementation in Reduction of Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality in Zagazig University Hospitals

Background: Zinc is an essential cofactor for several hundred enzymes with a multitude of functions. Zinc is vitally important for proper immune functions, because of its role in skin and mucosal barrier function as well as humoral and cellular immunity. Zinc deficiency limits growth and development in infancy and childhood. Severe zinc deficiency may be observed in preterm infants especially if necrotizing enterocolitis coexisted. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of extra zinc doses to improve immunity, decrease disease incidence and death rate and show its effect on development and growth of preterm and term neonates. Methods: The present study was performed in the period from February 2016 to February 2017 in pediatrics department of Zagazig University Hospitals. 90 patients (45 patient in group I zinc supplementation, 45 patiant in group II without zinc) were enrolled in single blind randomized case control study Results: This study revealed that there was a considerable decrease in morbidity and death rates in correlation with the use of extra doses of zinc (10 mg/day for 14 day). Conclusions: Zinc supplementation can decrease the rate of morbidity and mortality, Zinc is vitally essential for proper immunity

Papillary thyroid cancer patient with hyperthyroidism - a case study

Thyroid carcinoma is the majority widespread endocraine malignancy in that papillary thyroid cancer is a well-differentiated type. Since hyperthyroidism protects from thyroid cancer due to lack of reproduction of thyroid tissue by the thyroid-stimulating hormone. The papillary carcinoma is the fast-growing and metastases to local region rapidly. A 60 years old post menopausal women with a known case of hypertension of past 6 years on treatment and with hyperthyroidism of past 2 months was presented in the outpatient department in the hospital with chief complaints of mass in the neck with dyphagia, cough, breathlessness, sense of fullness and odynophagia of past 2 weeks. On physical and general examination patient found with diffuse thyroid swelling with enlarged right sided lymph node. The patient was diagnosed with papillary thyroid caricinoma with various investigation reports includes CT Scan, Immouno history chemistry reports, Histopathology and Two fine-needle aspiration biopsies. The patient has undergone 6 cycles of chemotherapy with the corticosteroids, anti-cancer drugs which includes Vincristine, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, anti- emetic drugs and also with H2 receptor blockers. The papillary thyroid cancer is common and occurs predominantly in females than in males and with good prognosis and decreased death rates. The higher level of thyroid function is very rare in case of PTC.

The induction of ferroptosis by impairing STAT3/Nrf2/GPx4 signaling enhances the sensitivity of osteosarcoma cells to cisplatin.

Recent studies have indicated that promoting ferroptosis is a promising approach to attenuate drug resistance of cancer cells. Hence, this study aimed to induce ferroptosis in osteosarcoma cells, thereby increasing the sensitivity to cisplatin. Osteosarcoma cells MG63 and Saos-2 were incubated with increasing doses of cisplatin to generate cisplatin-resistant strains, MG63/DDP and Saos-2/DDP. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry assays were performed to evaluate cell proliferation and cell death, respectively. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lipid oxidation in cells were measured to evaluate the degree of cell ferroptosis. MG63/DDP and Saos-2/DDP cells showed increased viability and decreased death rate compared with MG63 and Saos-2 cells, respectively, upon cisplatin treatment. Western blotting analysis indicated that protein levels of p-STAT3 (Ser727), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) in drug-resistant strains increased significantly in response to cisplatin. Co-treatment with cisplatin and agonists of ferroptosis, Erastin, and RSL3, remarkably increased MDA, ROS, lipid oxidation, and sensitivity to cisplatin, in MG63/DDP and Saos-2/DDP cells. Similar results were observed by co-treatment of cells with cisplatin and a STAT3 inhibitor. The reduction of protein levels of p-STAT3 (Ser727), Nrf2, and GPx4 in MG63/DDP and Saos-2/DDP cells resulted in increased ferroptosis and sensitivity to cisplatin. These results indicate that cisplatin-resistant osteosarcoma cells inhibited ferroptosis after exposure to low doses of cisplatin. However, ferroptosis agonists and STAT3 inhibitor reactivated ferroptosis in the cells and consequently increased sensitivity to cisplatin. This study demonstrates a new approach to attenuate resistance of osteosarcoma to cisplatin in vitro .

Historical Analysis of U.S. Tornado Fatalities (1808–2017): Population, Science, and Technology

AbstractThe record of tornado fatalities in the United States for over two centuries (1808–2017) and decadal census records have been examined to search for historical trends. Particular attention has been given to the response to population growth and expansion into the tornado-prone regions of the country. The region selected includes the Tornado Alley of the central Great Plains, the Dixie Alley in the southeastern states, and the adjoining states in the Midwest that collectively encompass a 21-state rectangular region. The data record has been divided into two subintervals, Era A (1808–1915) and Era B (1916–2017), each of which consists of three equal-length periods. Era A is characterized by a growing and westward expanding population along with a basic absence of scientific knowledge, technology, and communications (for prediction, detection, and warning). This is followed by a renaissance of discovery and advancement in Era B that contributes to saving lives. The aforementioned periods are defined by a set of notable events that help to define the respective periods. A death per population index (DPI) is used to evaluate the 21 states in each era; there is a rise of mean DPI values to a maximum of 1.50 at the end of Era A and a subsequent fall to 0.21 at the end of Era B. It is also shown for all three periods in Era B that the deadliest tornado states, in ranked order, are Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama, and Oklahoma. Suggestions are presented for ways to continue the decreasing trend in DPI, which would imply that the death rate increase is not as fast as the rate of population increase (or would even imply a decreasing death rate).

Discharge guidance and telephone follow-up in the therapeutic adherence of heart failure: randomized clinical trial.

Objective to evaluate the effectiveness of the behavioral intervention of discharge guidance and telephone follow-up in the therapeutic adherence, re-hospitalization and mortality of patients with heart failure.Method randomized clinical trial without blinding, including 201 patients diagnosed with heart failure admitted to the emergency room, who were randomized in Control Group and Intervention Group. Intervention was carried out with specific discharge guidance in the Intervention Group, who were contacted for solving doubts via phone calls after 7 and 30 days, and the adherence to treatment was evaluated after 90 days with the Morisky test, the Brief Medical Questionnaire and the non-drug adherence test in both groups. The Generalized Estimating Equations Model was used (p<0.05%).Results One-hundred and one patients were randomly sorted in the Control Group and in the Intervention Group, their average age being 62.6±15.2. The Intervention Group had higher drug and non-drug therapeutic adherence compared to the Control Group (p<0.001) and there were lower re-hospitalization and death rates in the Intervention Group after 90 days.Conclusion discharge guidance with telephone follow-up was effective and resulted in greater therapeutic adherence, as well as in decrease of re-hospitalization and death rates in patients with heart failure. Clinical Trial Registration (REBEC): RBR- 37n859

Burden of colorectal cancer in China, 1990−2017: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

ObjectiveOur goal is to analyze the trend of colorectal cancer (CRC) regarding the death, incidence and prevalence rates over time, and to provide epidemiological knowledge basis for health policy revision by comparing data about fatal outcomes of CRC in 2017 to those data in 1990, which was extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD).MethodsThe time trend and changes of CRC burden from 1990 to 2017 were measured by using the methods and results from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) GBD 2017, based on the rates of death, incidence and prevalence.ResultsThe death rate of CRC is 13.24/100,000, accounting for 1.79% of total deaths in China in 2017. In 1990, CRC ranked 21st in all causes of death in China compared to its 11th ranking in 2017. The death, incidence and prevalence rate of CRC were standardized by the age scale of the global population in 2010, the change of standardized death rate of CRC was not significant, from 9.33/100,000 in 1990 to 10.10/100,000 in 2017. The standardized incidence rate of CRC significantly increased from 12.18/100,000 in 1990 to 22.42/100,000 in 2017. The standardized prevalence rate of CRC significantly increased from 44.55/100,000 in 1990 to 118.40/100,000 in 2017. The trend of the prevalence rate in both genders grow higher in 2017 compared to the 1990, resulting in 141.6%, 209.8% and 189.0% for the studied three age groups (15−49, 50−69 and 70+ years old), respectively. The death rate increased in the age groups of 50−69 and 70+ years in both genders (8.6% and 31.0% respectively), in contrast to a decrease of death rate in the age group of 15−49 years old (−10.8%).ConclusionsChina experienced a stunning increase in terms of incidence and prevalence rate of CRC from 1990 to 2017. To decrease the burden of CRC, prevention and management of known risk factors should be promoted through national polices.

Calling time on asthma deaths in tropical regions—how much longer must people wait for essential medicines?

Every day around 1150 people die worldwide because of asthma, and most of these deaths are avoidable.1 As a comparison, malaria—which is seen as a much bigger problem and increased prevention measures have resulted in decreasing death rates—kills about 1175 people per day.2 Most asthma deaths occur in children and adults living in tropical regions, where effective asthma management might be either non-existent or inaccessible.3 However, with correct diagnosis and treatment many deaths from asthma could be prevented.

Annual and seasonal trends in mortality rates from cardiovascular diseases in Hungary between 1984 and 2013.

The aim of this study was to investigate annual and seasonal trends in mortality rates from cardiovascular diseases in Hungary between 1984 and 2013. Annual and monthly mortality and population data were obtained from the Hungarian Central Statistical Office. The annual mortality data by gender and age were available for the following disease classifications of the circulatory system: all cardiovascular diseases, all diseases of the heart, hypertension, coronary heart disease, and cerebrovascular diseases. Six age groups were defined for both sexes. Negative binomial regression was carried out to analyse annual trends in age-standardized mortality rates. The Walter-Elwood method was used to identify seasonal variation using monthly numbers of deaths. Significant decreases in annual mortality rates for all cardiovascular diseases were found, but not for hypertension. Age-standardized death rates were higher for men for all causes, except for hypertension. The greatest sex difference in the average risk of death was observed in the middle-aged groups. The greatest percentage decrease in death rates during the study period was seen for both sexes in the under 35 age group. The lowest percentage change was observed among people aged over 75. Significant seasonality was found in monthly death rates from all causes, with a peak in February. In spite of a decreasing trend in the annual mortality rates for cardiovascular diseases, the Hungarian mortality rate is still high. Moreover, this study demonstrated a significant winter peak in mortality from cardiovascular diseases over a thirty-year period.

ROMANIA’S POPULATION DECLINE AND DEMOGRAPHIC FUTURE: SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS

Like most of the countries around the world, European member states are suffering from the declining population, due to low birth rates and decreasing death rates. Romania’s population is undergoing a series of changes that will continue to unfold in the foreseeable future. Demographic transitions are taking place in the case of all member states that are part of EU-28, with various degrees of intensity. Romania’s population has been shrinking and undergoing a continuous process of erosion since 1992 when it hit a peak of 23.2 million. Under the influence of a decreasing birth rate and death rate, the population is projected to decrease from 19.8 million in 2015 to 14.5 million in 2080. This article examines how these inevitable changes will shape Romania's demographic landscape, with an emphasis on the changes over time suffered by the total population, birth rates, and life expectancy, as seen through the ”Demographic Transition Model” stages as put forward by Thompson in 1929. Also, this article will touch upon some of the main economic consequences that arise as a result of these demographic transitions.