Decrease In Blood Sugar Level Research Articles

Identification of common genes and pathways between type 2 diabetes and COVID-19.

Numerous studies have reported a high incidence and risk of severe illness due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). COVID-19 patients may experience elevated or decreased blood sugar levels and may even develop diabetes. However, the molecular mechanisms linking these two diseases remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the common genes and pathways between T2DM and COVID-19. Two public datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE95849 and GSE164805) were analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in blood between people with and without T2DM and COVID-19. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed on the common DEGs. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to identify common genes, and their diagnostic performance was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Validation was performed on the GSE213313 and GSE15932 datasets. A gene co-expression network was constructed using the GeneMANIA database to explore interactions among core DEGs and their co-expressed genes. Finally, a microRNA (miRNA)-transcription factor (TF)-messenger RNA (mRNA) regulatory network was constructed based on the common feature genes. In the GSE95849 and GSE164805 datasets, 81 upregulated genes and 140 downregulated genes were identified. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that these DEGs were closely related to the negative regulation of phosphate metabolic processes, the positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division, T-cell co-stimulation, and lymphocyte co-stimulation. Four upregulated common genes (DHX15, USP14, COPS3, TYK2) and one downregulated common feature gene (RIOK2) were identified and showed good diagnostic accuracy for T2DM and COVID-19. The AUC values of DHX15, USP14, COPS3, TYK2, and RIOK2 in T2DM diagnosis were 0.931, 0.917, 0.986, 0.903, and 0.917, respectively. In COVID-19 diagnosis, the AUC values were 0.960, 0.860, 1.0, 0.9, and 0.90, respectively. Validation in the GSE213313 and GSE15932 datasets confirmed these results. The miRNA-TF-mRNA regulatory network showed that TYH2 was targeted by PITX1, PITX2, CRX, NFYA, SREBF1, RELB, NR1L2, and CEBP, whereas miR-124-3p regulates THK2, RIOK2, and USP14. We identified five common feature genes (DHX15, USP14, COPS3, TYK2, and RIOK2) and their co-regulatory pathways between T2DM and COVID-19, which may provide new insights for further molecular mechanism studies.

The influence of tai chi gymnastics and diabetic gymnastics on decreasing blood sugar levels in the elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus

The influence of tai chi gymnastics and diabetic gymnastics on decreasing blood sugar levels in the elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus

ANTI-DIABETIC ACTIVITY OF KABAU SEED POWDER SUSPENSION (ARCHIDENDRON BUBALINUM (JACK) I. C. NIELSEN) IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

Objective: The study was to optimize the method of test dosage form kabau seed simplicia suspension in alloxan-induced diabetic rat models.
 Methods: Simplisia powder sizing was carried out using three sieve sizes through meshes of 80, 120, and 200. Making a suspension of kabau seed powder is carried out using two methods, with the addition of CMC, which has been developed first and the powder is added with CMC, which is then developed and then homogenized. The study consisted of six groups, dosage given of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg BW. Blood glucose levels were determined by the GOD-PAP, phytochemical screening and TLC tests were carried out on the test material. The data were tested statistically using One Way ANOVA.
 Results: The powdered crude material with a particle size of 74 microns, obtained by sieving through a mesh size of 200, is utilized as the test material in the second method. An effective dose of 1000 mg/kg BW with a decrease in blood sugar levels by 132±13 mg/dl. Phytochemical screening contained alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, steroids, quinones and saponins. TLC of the test material, mobile phase used in TLC was toluene: chloroform: ethyl acetate (4:5:1), obtained 6 spots which gives a specific spot after being sprayed with the chromogenic reagent.
 Conclusion: powder with a particle size of 74 microns was used as the test material, using the second method. The effective dose as an antidiabetic is 1000 mg/kg BW with a reduction in blood sugar levels of 132.7±13 mg/dl.

Application of Combined Self-Surrender Exercises and Deep Breath Relaxation to Lower Blood Sugar Levels Elderly Diabetes Mellitus Type

Diabetes is already considered an epidemic and by 2025, it is estimated that around 380 million people, or 7.3% of the adult population in the world will be affected by this disease Diabetes Atlas 2012 (International Diabetes Federation) lists that the estimated population of Indonesia over 20-79 years is 7.6 million people and the assumption of DM prevalence is 5.14%. Indonesia ranks 8th largest in the number of people with diabetes mellitus. The order above is China (92.3 million), India (63.0 million), the United States (24.1 million), Brazil (13.6 million), the Russian Federation (12.7 million), and Mexico (10.6 million). Problems faced by elderly Posyandu participants In the working area of the Kerinjing Health Center, Kerinjing Village, Ogan Ilir Regency, Palembang.: Never received information about Diabetes Mellitus and non-pharmacological management, especially the combination of self-surrender exercises with deep breath relaxation to lower blood sugar in the elderly with Diabetes Mellitus, Never been taught self-surrender exercises and deep breath relaxation in lowering blood sugar levels in the elderly Diabetes Mellitus At the Elderly Posyandu, the working area of the Kerinjing Health Center is Kerinjing Village, Ogan Ilir Regency, Palembang. The approach methods used to achieve the Output Target are determined, namely; Education (Counseling), Demonstration of Self-Resignation Training, and Deep Breath Relaxation in Lowering Blood Sugar Levels of Diabetes Mellitus Elderly. The application of the Combination of Self-Resignation Exercises and Deep Breath Relaxation is carried out routinely in the elderly with Diabetes Mellitus there is a decrease in Blood Sugar levels by involving cadres and elderly families who control the implementation of the exercise.

The Potential of Hyperglycemia Combination of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Rind Extract and Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Peel Extract

This study aims to determine the potential hyperglycemia of the combination of Watermelon Skin Extract (Citrullus lanatus) and Red Dragon Fruit Skin Extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus). The research method used is the alloxane induction method. Rats were divided into 5 groups, namely positive control given metformin 45 mg / Kg BB, negative control given Na. CMC 1% w/v, and variations of test groups given combination extracts with concentration variations of 6% and 13.4%; 9% and 16.4%; and 12% and 19.4% then each group was induced alloxane at a dose of 24 mg / 200g BB. The results of the study on the negative control given NaCMC 1% did not show a decrease in blood sugar levels, in the positive control given metformin 45 mg / KgBB showed an average percent decrease of 94.12%, in the combination extract test group with a dose of 6% and 13.4% showed an average percent decrease of 25.04%; 9% and 16.4% % showed an average percent decrease of 24.69%; and 12% and 19.4% % showed an average percent decrease of 55.61%. Based on the results of this study, a combination extract of 12% and 19.4% can reduce blood sugar levels of white rats. This study proved that red watermelon peel extract and red dragon fruit peel extract have antihyperglycemia effects.

To Evaluate the Hepatoprotective Activity of Leaves of Salacia Chinensis Linn. on CCl4 Induced Albino Wistar Rats

The main aim of the present study is to evaluate the Hepatoprotective activity of aqueous slurry of leaves of Salacia chinensis Linn .on CCl4 induced liver damage in rats. Hepatotoxicity was induced by CCl4 and the biochemical parameters such as serum glutamate pyruvate transminase (sGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (sGOT), alkaline phosphatase (sALP), Blood glucose level, Liver glycogen level and histopathological changes in liver were studied along with silimarin as standard Hepatoprotective agents. The Phytochemical investigation of the aqueous slurry showed significant decrease in the levels of sGPT, sGOT, sALP as compared to the animals treated with Silimarin, a known, standard hepatoprotective agent. A significant decrease in blood sugar level and liver glycogen was also observed in the animals treated with aqueous slurry of leaves of Salacia chinensis Linn.

Effectiveness of Chinese Ketepeng Infusion on Streptozotocin-Induced Mice

Blood sugar is a metabolic disorder disease that occurs due to insufficiency of insulin hormone production or due to insulin insensitivity resulting in typical clinical manifestations in the form of increased glucose levels in the blood (hyperglycemia). This study aims to determine the effect of Chinese ketepeng leaf decoction on blood glucose levels in hyperglycemic mice. This research was carried out in the Zoology laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Pattimura University, Ambon. This research is an experimental laboratory with a pre and post-test research design with a control group design. This study wanted to prove whether there was an effect of giving Chinese ketepeng leaf decoction to decreasing blood sugar levels in male Balb/C mice using Chinese ketepeng leaf decoction at a dose of 3.64 mg/kg, 7.28 mg/kg, 10.92 mg/kg. The results showed that the usage of Chinese ketepeng leaves (Cassia alata L) can reduce blood sugar levels in mice (Mus musculus). The most effective dose to lower blood sugar levels is a dose of 10.92 mg/kg BW.

Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) Extract Mediated Biochemical, Haematological and Histological Alterations in Mice

Tinospora cordifolia (TC), a medicinal plant deeply integrated into India's folklore and Ayurvedic medical tradition, has been a reliable remedy for addressing various health concerns. Despite its proven efficacy in managing diseases, it is essential to exercise prudence regarding its dosage, as excessive consumption may result in undesirable consequences. This present study seeks to ascertain if the methanolic extract of TC triggers any adverse effects on organ function, haematological parameters, or biochemical profiles. The extract was administered intra peritoneally (IP) into the Swiss albino mice at a concentration of 300mg/kg body weight and observations were taken on 7th and 14th day. In comparison to control groups, the levels of haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PVC), red blood corpuscles (RBC), red cell distribution width (RCW), and platelet count increase. However, significant decrease was also observed in the levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and lymphocytes. Blood biochemical analysis reveals a significant increase in urea but a subsequent decrease in blood sugar levels. The findings unequivocally illustrate the disruption in the seminiferous tubules of the testis, accompanied by a decrease in spermatid count. Furthermore, observable damage to kidney tissues was noted. Based on these observations, it can be inferred that, despite its multifaceted therapeutic applications, TC extract may exert toxic effects in mice.

COVID-19 and Diabetes Mellitus at RSU South Tangerang-Indonesia: Clinical Profile and Treatment Strategies

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is one of the risk factors for COVID-19. This causes the morbidity and severity of COVID-19 patients to be higher in patients with diabetes. Objectivity: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of treatment therapy for COVID-19 patients with comorbid diabetes at the South Tangerang City General Hospital. Material and methods: This study used a descriptive design with a quantitative approach and retrospective data collection. Sampling was done by Total Sampling with a total sample of 127 patients from 234 patients. Result: The characteristics of COVID-19 patients with comorbid diabetes were dominated by the male gender (55.1%), with an age range of 46-55 years (38.6%), high school education (43.3%), and have a private employee type of work (55.1%). The symptoms of COVID-19 patients with comorbid diabetes were cough (89.8%), with a length of stay for patients 7–14 days (72.4%).Treatment for COVID-19 with comorbid diabetes was antibiotics azithromycin (26.0%), antiviral remdesivir (62.2%), methylprednisolone (73.2%), acetylcysteine (85.0%), vitamin C (89.8%), and the antidiabetic group that is often used is insulin novorapid (41.7%). Conclusion: The results of laboratory examinations showed that COVID-19 treatment therapy is effective in reducing the amount of virus in the blood, which is indicated by an increase in the PCR value (p-value <0.001), lowering blood sugar levels (which is characterized by a decrease in blood sugar levels when (p-value <0.001) ), and reduce hypercoagulation which is characterized by a reduction in the value of D-dimer (p-value < 0.005).

Uji Aktivitas Antidiabetes Ekstrak Kulit Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) pada Mencit (Mus musculus)

Diabetes is one of a number of diseases that result in too much sugar levels in the blood (high blood glucose), treatment with the example of the drug Glibenclamide can reduce blood sugar levels gradually, so alternative treatment is needed from natural ingredients. One of the natural ingredients that contain chemical compounds Flavonoids, Coumarins, and Triterpenoids, which have activity lowering blood sugar levels. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of melinjo peel extract against antidiabetes in mice to determine the most effective dose of lowering blood sugar levels in male mice, in this study using this research method using melinjo peel extract (Gnetum gnemon L) with a dose of 200mg/kgBB ,250mg/kgBW and a dose of 42mg/kgBW which aims to determine the effect of melinjo peel extract as a decrease in blood sugar levels in male mice, shows that melinjo peel extract (Gnetum gnemon L.) is the most effective in reducing sugar levels at a dose of 42mg/kgBW, compared with positive control and doses of 28mg/kgBW and 35mg/kgBW. The results of the study concluded that melinjo peel extract (Gnetum gnemon L) in the 28mg/kgBW, 35mg/kgBW and 42mg/kgBW dose groups were the most effective in reducing blood sugar levels. 42 mg/kg body weight. The conclusion is that there is antidiabetic activity in the extra skin of melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) both at doses of 28mg/kgBW, 35mg/kgBW and 42mg/kgBW but the most effective for reducing blood sugar levels is at a dose of 42mg/kgBW compared to the positive control. This data is supported by repeated ANOVA test with a significant value of p=0.012 (p>0.05), which means that all groups have significant differences in both the extract and the comparison group used.

The Effect of Steeping Water Temperature Of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Burmannii) and Steeping Time With Test Time on the Glycemic Response of Diabetic Rats

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disease in which the body is unable to metabolize fats, proteins and carbohydrates which is characterized by high blood glucose levels or commonly known as hyperglycemia. Until 2019, 10.9 million DM cases were found in Indonesia and are suspected of continuing to increase. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Burmannii) has several active ingredients vizcoumarin, cinnamat, cinnamaldehid, polyphenols and flavonoid can increase glucose transport by GLUT 4 in adipose cells and skeletal muscles so as to significantly reduce blood glucose. Thus, cinnamon has the potential to be a useful product for the community, namely a diabetes herbal medicine. The purpose of this research was to determine the ratio of the temperature of the cinnamon steeping water with the duration of steeping on the glycemic response of diabetic rats.
 This research uses Completely randomized design (CRD) with 2 factors, namely the first factor (P): steeping water temperature (65 oC, 75 oC, and 85 oC) and brewing time (20 minutes, 25 minutes and 30 minutes) and the second factor (L): test time (30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes and 120 minutes). This study also carried out control (-) and control (+) as a preliminary study to determine the glycemic response in test animals. Each treatment will be repeated 3 times to obtain 33 experimental units. The parameters analyzed were blood sugar levels, the percentage (%) increase in blood sugar levels, and the percentage (%) decrease in blood sugar levels.
 The results showed that temperature of the cinnamon steeping water (Cinnamomum Burmannii) and the duration of brewing can reduce the blood sugar levels of mice every time the test is carried out. The best treatment was obtained from the ratio of the temperature of the steeping water and the duration of steeping, namely 65 oC and brewing time for 25 minutes, determined based on the percentage decrease in blood sugar level, which is equal to 53,02%.

The effect of lemon extract (Citrus limon) on the blood sugar levels and pancreatic beta cell regeneration in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice

Background: High blood sugar levels that exceed normal limits or commonly refered to as hyperglycemia, is an early symptom of diabetes mellitus. Objectives: This study explored the effect of lemon (Citrus limon) extract on blood sugar levels and pancreatic b cell regeneration in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice (Mus musculus). Method: This research is an experimental study using a post-test group. The sampling was carried out using a randomization method. By administering 125 mg/kg BW of alloxan, the sample was conditioned for hyperglycemia. The samples were divided into five groups: normal control, alloxan-induced control, and three treatment groups that received lemon extract with dosages of 100 mg/kg BW, 300 mg/kg BW and 500 mg/kg BW, respectively. Semiquantitative analysis was used to evaluate pancreatic damage. Results: The results showed that lemon extract can decrease blood sugar levels. Histopathological imaging revealed a significant improvement in b cell distribution and decreased vacuolization in the Langerhans islets of mice administered lemon extract. No significant differences were observed among different dosages of lemon extract (p>0.05). Conclusion: Our findings underscore the potential therapeutic benefits of lemon extract in managing blood sugar levels and promoting pancreatic b cell regeneration in alloxan-induced mice.

THE IMPACT OF ADMINISTERING CINNAMON INFUSIONS ON LOWERING BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS IN DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS IN THE SERVICE AREA OF KUTA BARO HEALTH CENTER, ACEH BESAR DISTRICT

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels and often accompanied by complications. Complications that occur in diabetes mellitus patients include blurred vision, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, kidney damage, frequent loss of pain sensation, potential gangrene formation, and amputation to prevent the spread of gangrene to other tissues. The management of diabetes mellitus can be done pharmacologically through the administration of anti-diabetes medications, insulin injections, and non-pharmacological approaches such as cinnamon tea infusion. The research objective is to determine the effect of cinnamon tea infusion on reducing blood sugar levels in diabetes mellitus patients in the Kuta Baro Primary Health Center, Aceh Besar District in 2023. This research used a quasi-experimental design with a sample size of 20 diabetes mellitus patients, selected through purposive sampling. The study was conducted from December 28, 2022, to January 5, 2023, and data analysis included univariate and bivariate analysis. The results showed that before the administration of cinnamon tea infusion, the average blood sugar level was 255.80, while after the administration of cinnamon tea infusion, the average level was 193.05, with an average decrease in blood sugar levels of 41.33. This indicates a significant difference in blood sugar levels before and after the administration of cinnamon tea infusion with a p-value of 0.001, suggesting that cinnamon tea infusion has an effect on blood sugar levels. It is expected that healthcare professionals will improve healthcare services and promote the use of cinnamon tea infusion among the community, especially diabetes mellitus patients.

The Effect of Eucheuma cottonii Extract on Body Weight and Blood Sugar Levels of Mouse (Mus musculus) Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

Seaweed (E. cottonii) is a type of seaweed from the Rhodophyta class which has anti-diabetic activity so that it can control diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of E. cottonii extract on body weight and blood sugar levels in mice (Mus musculus) type 1 diabetes mellitus. This study used a completely randomized factorial design with five treatments and three replications. 20 mice were divided into 5 groups: normal mice (KN), negative control (K-), positive control (K+), E. cottonii extract dose of 0.4 ml/g BW (P1) and E. cottonii extract dose of 0 .7 ml/gBB (P2). The extraction of E. cottonii used the maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. All groups of mice were induced with 0.3 ml of STZ for 3 consecutive days. After an increase in blood glucose levels, the mice in the K(+) group were given metformin at a dose of 0.4 ml, P1 was given E. cottonii ethanol extract at a dose of 0.4 ml/g BW and P2 at a dose of 0.7 ml/g BW. Extract administration was carried out for 7 days. The results showed that E. cottonii extract had an effect on increasing body weight and decreasing blood sugar levels in type 1 diabetes mellitus mice. The increase in body weight and decrease in blood sugar levels was in line with the high doses given.

Comparison of Red Betel Leaf Decoction and Aloe Vera Decoction on Decreased Sugar Levels in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus at Setia Janji Health Center

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p><em>Diabetes Mellitus is the third most common cause of death after cancer and cardiovascular disease in people aged 30-70 years (WHO 2016). The aim of the study was to compare the effect of red betel leaf decoction and aloe vera decoction on reducing blood sugar levels in people with diabetes mellitus at the Setia Janji Health Center.</em><em> </em><em>This research is a quantitative research. In this study the researchers used the Pre-Experiment research design with a One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design with a control approach. The research was carried out in February 2023 until it was completed at the Setia Janji Health Center. With a Sample of 40 People. Bivariate analysis using Bivariate Analysis was used to see how far the influence of each independent variable on the dependent variable used the Shapiro-Wilk data normality test and the Paired T-test paired samples.The study obtained that the average difference in blood sugar levels of DM patients before and after being given red betel leaf decoction was 82.90 mg/dL with a standard deviation of 28.069 mg/dL. The average difference in blood sugar levels of DM patients before and after being given red betel leaf decoction was 45.30 mg/dL with a standard deviation of 22.614 mg/dL. The results of the Mann Whitney statistical test obtained p = 0.000, where the p value ≤ 0.05, statistically it means that there is a difference in the average decrease in blood sugar levels given red betel leaf decoction (Piper crocatum) and aloe vera decoction. in people with diabetes mellitus at the Setia Janji Health Center. There is support from midwives in providing counseling about the benefits of decoction of red betel leaves and aloe vera as an alternative to herbal medicine in helping lower blood sugar levels in people with diabetes mellitus.</em></p><p><em> </em></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><strong><em>Keywords : Aloe Vera, Decrease in KGD, DM, Red Betel Leaf</em></strong></p>

Activity Test of Cinnamon Extract (Cinnamomumzeylanicum) and Bay Leaf (Syzygiumpolyanthum) and Their Combination as Antidiabetic in Vivo

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disorder of carbohydrate (glucose) metabolism in the body and its prevalence is getting higher. Until 2015, 10 million cases of DM were found in Indonesia and allegedly continue to increase. Currently, the Indonesian government encourages people to consume traditional medicines because they remember the low side effects. Cinnamon (Cinnamomumzeylanicum) contains antioxidants that can reduce the risk of oxidative stress, a condition that is a major risk factor for several chronic diseases, including diabetes. Bay leaf (Syzygiumpolyanthum) also contains flavonoids that can lower glucose levels. Thus, cinnamon and bay leaves have the potential to be products that are beneficial to the community, namely diabetic herbal medicine. The purpose of this study was to determine the antidiabetic activity of cinnamon bark extract (Cinnamomumzeyl anicum) and bay leaf extract (Syzygiumpolyanthum) against reducing blood sugar levels in test animals.
 This study used experimental methods in vivo. Using 28 alloxan-induced male mice were divided into 7 groups: (1) Negative control without treatment, (2) Positive control given metformin 45mg/kgBB, (3) Cinnamon dose 750 mg/kgBB, (4) Bay leaf 750 mg/kgBB, (5) Combination of Cinnamon and Bay Leaf dose ratio 1: 1 (375 mg/kgBB), 1: 2 (250 mg/kgBB and 500 mg/kgBB), and 2:1 (500 mg/kgBB and 250 mg/kgBB), given orally for 14 days. The results showed a percentage decrease in blood sugar levels during the test obtained Metformin administration 32.27%, cinnamon by 24.52%, bay leaf 21.05%, combination (1: 1) 23.71%, (1: 2) 35.83%, (2: 1) 40.83%.

Diabetic Exercise Decreasing Blood Sugar Levels on Women’s Middle Adulthood

The trend of diabetes does not only affect the old age group, but has shifted to the young and productive age group. As a result of this shift, more and more women of childbearing age have diabetes. Until now, 2 out of 5 women of reproductive age suffer from diabetes, with the number reaching more than 60 million women worldwide. Objective: To determine the effect of diabetic exercise on blood sugar levels in middle-aged women. Methods: Quantitative with a pre-experimental design type one group pretest-posttest. 28 samples were taken using the sampling technique, namely purposive sampling. Data collection with the Glucometer instrument. Result: Shows that the value of p = 0.000 (p<0.05). Conclusion: there is an effect of diabetic exercise on blood sugar levels in middle-aged women.

Antioxidants in the extract of balinese salak rind (Salacca amboinensis (Becc) Mogea) as an alternative substance to decrease blood sugar levels among Mus musculus L. with hyperglycemia

This study aims to determine the antioxidant potential of Balinese salak rind extract (Salacca amboinensis (Becc) Mogea) (BSRE) as an antihyperglycemic agent in male white mice with hyperglycemia. The research was conducted in three stages extraction of Balinese salak rind using 96% ethanol, phytochemical screening, and antihyperglycemic activity testing. Mice were hyperglycemia induced by alloxan. Mice were divided into five groups consisting of negative control (Aquadest), positive control (Glibenclamide 13 mg/Kg BW), dose 1 (200 mg BSRE/kg BW), dose 2 (400 mg BSRE/kg BW), dose 3 (600 mg BSRE/kg BW). Phytochemical screening showed that the BSRE was positive for containing alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids. The analysis results on the BSRE showed an IC50 value of 81,76 ppm, including strong antioxidant activity. The activity of blood glucose levels showed that BSRE could decrease blood glucose levels of Mus musculus L. with hyperglycemia.

Pengaruh Hidroterapi Terhadap Penurunan Gula Darah Sewaktu (GDS) pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe II

Cases of DM in Indonesia in 2019 there were 8.426.000, and this quantity is expected to increase to 21,257,000 in 2030. At the Sukabumi Health Center in Bandar Lampung, there were 668 cases of diabetes. Alternative and complementary therapies are efforts that can be made to manage hyperglycemia. Hydrotherapy is a complementary treatment that can be used by type 2 diabetics to treat hyperglycemia. The purpose of this research was to find out how hydrotherapy affects the ability of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients to gradually lower blood sugar levels (KGDS). This kind of exploration is a quantitative report, using a semi-exploration plan. A pre-test-posttest design with a control group was used for the study. The participants of this study were all type II diabetics who went to the Sukabumi Health Center in Bandar Lampung. In May 2019, 58 people participated, bringing the sample to 36 people. Glucotest was used for data collection, Independent T-test was used for bivariate and univariate analysis. The results showed that the intervention group who received hydrotherapy experienced an average decrease in blood sugar levels of 52.5 mmHg, while the control group who received treatment experienced an average decrease in blood sugar levels of 33.56. At the Sukabumi Health Center in Bandar Lasmpung in 2020, statistical tests yielded a value of 0.001 (P value = 0.001, where the P value was (0.05), indicating that hydrotherapy has an effect on a decrease in blood sugar levels over time (KGDS) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Health education banners and flyers are expected to be distributed to promote hydrotherapy as a more effective way to lower blood sugar levels.

COVID-19 and Diabetes Mellitus at RSU South Tangerang-Indonesia: Clinical Profile and Treatment Strategies

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is one of the risk factors for COVID-19. This causes the morbidity and severity of COVID-19 patients to be higher in patients with diabetes. Objectivity: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of treatment therapy for COVID-19 patients with comorbid diabetes at the South Tangerang City General Hospital. Material and methods: This study used a descriptive design with a quantitative approach and retrospective data collection. Sampling was done by Total Sampling with a total sample of 127 patients from 234 patients. Result: The characteristics of COVID-19 patients with comorbid diabetes were dominated by the male gender (55.1%), with an age range of 46-55 years (38.6%), high school education (43.3%), and have a private employee type of work (55.1%). The symptoms of COVID-19 patients with comorbid diabetes were cough (89.8%), with a length of stay for patients 7–14 days (72.4%).Treatment for COVID-19 with comorbid diabetes was antibiotics azithromycin (26.0%), antiviral remdesivir (62.2%), methylprednisolone (73.2%), acetylcysteine (85.0%), vitamin C (89.8%), and the antidiabetic group that is often used is insulin novorapid (41.7%). Conclusion: The results of laboratory examinations showed that COVID-19 treatment therapy is effective in reducing the amount of virus in the blood, which is indicated by an increase in the PCR value (p-value <0.001), lowering blood sugar levels (which is characterized by a decrease in blood sugar levels when (p-value <0.001) ), and reduce hypercoagulation which is characterized by a reduction in the value of D-dimer (p-value < 0.005).