Decrease In Body Fat Percentage Research Articles

Changes in cardiometabolic markers in children with Prader-Willi syndrome and nonsyndromic obesity following participation in a home-based physical activity intervention.

Physical activity is associated with improved cardiometabolic markers in children with nonsyndromic obesity (NSO). Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by obesity. To compare cardiometabolic changes in response to a home-based parent-facilitated physical activity intervention between children with PWS or with NSO. Participants included 18 children with PWS (age=10.5±0.7y; body fat=44.6±2.0%) and 30 children with NSO (age=9.7±0.2y; body fat=44.8±1.2%). Active Play @ Home was a 24-week physical activity intervention curriculum containing playground-based and active video games completed 4days per week. Pre- and post-intervention measurements included physical activity, body composition, blood samples analysed for glucose, insulin, lipids and cytokines, and insulin resistance computed using the homeostatic model of assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). All children (n=48) showed a significant decrease in Interleukin-8 (3.64±0.24 vs. 3.06±0.22pg/mL). Children with obesity who did not gain or who lost body fat percentage (n=18) demonstrated a significant decrease in HOMA-IR (3.17±0.39 vs. 2.72±0.34) and an increase in high-density lipoprotein (44.30±2.51 vs. 47.29±2.59mg/dL). All other measurements showed no significant changes. The most favourable changes in cardiometabolic factors were observed in children with nonsyndromic obesity who demonstrated no gain or a decrease in body fat percentage.

ACE2 activator diminazene aceturate reduces adiposity but preserves lean mass in young and old rats.

The obesity epidemic is multi-generational and is particularly debilitating in the aging population, necessitating the use of pharmaceutical interventions. Recent evidence suggests that increasing the activity of the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 [ACE2]/angiotensin-(1-7)[Ang-(1-7)]/Mas receptor (MasR) axis in obese animal models leads to significant reductions in body weight. It was hypothesized that activation of ACE2 via diminazene aceturate (DIZE) will significantly reduce body weight of rats fed a high fat diet. Young and old (4 and 23 months, respectively) male Fisher 344 × Brown Norway rats were fed 60% high fat diet for one week, and subsequently given either 15 mg/kg/day DIZE s.c. or vehicle for three weeks. DIZE treatment resulted in a significant reduction of food intake and body weight in both young and old animals. However, that decrease was so dramatic in the older animals that they all nearly stopped eating. Interestingly, the TD-NMR assessments revealed that the weight-loss was primarily a result of decreased body fat percentage, with a relative preservation of lean mass. Tissue weights confirm the significant loss of white adipose tissue (WAT), with no change in muscle weights. Gene expression and serum ACE2 activity analyses implied that increased activation of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis plays a role in reducing fat mass. Collectively, our results suggest that DIZE may be a useful tool in the study of obesity; however, caution is recommended when using this compound in older animals due to severe anorectic effects, although there is a mechanism by which muscle is preserved.

Is bromocriptine an effective therapy for obesity?

EVIDENCE-BASED ANSWER Probably not. Over about a week, bromocriptine does not decrease percent body fat or body weight compared with placebo (SOR: C, small placebo-controlled crossover study). Bromocriptine is associated with decreased percent body fat and body weight after 6 weeks, but no difference is found at 6 to 8 months (SOR: C, small case series).

The Effects of Moderate- Versus High-Load Resistance Training on Muscle Growth, Body Composition, and Performance in Collegiate Women.

Cholewa, JM, Rossi, FE, MacDonald, C, Hewins, A, Gallo, S, Micenski, A, Norton, L, and Campbell, BI. The effects of moderate- versus high-load resistance training on muscle growth, body composition, and performance in collegiate women. J Strength Cond Res 32(6): 1511-1524, 2018-Twenty young women (20.3 + 1.5 years, 164 + 6 cm, 68.7 + 13.8 kg) without prior structured resistance training experience were recruited for this study. Body composition (BodPod), compartmental water (Bioelectrical Impedance), 7-site skinfold, and arm and thigh cross-sectional area (CSA) were assessed before and after 8-week training. Performance testing consisted of vertical jump, 3-kg chest pass initial velocity, squat 1RM, and overhead press 1RM. After 2 weeks of familiarization training, subjects were matched for body composition and relative squat strength and randomly assigned to either a high-load (HL: n = 10; 4 sets of 5-7 repetitions) or moderate-load (ML: n = 10; 2 sets of 10-14 repetitions) group that completed 6-7 exercises per day performed to momentary muscular failure. Training was divided into 2 lower and one upper body training sessions per week performed on nonconsecutive days for 8 weeks. There were no statistically significant main effects for group or group × time interactions for any variable assessed. Both HL and ML resulted in similar significant increases in lean body mass (1.5 ± 0.83 kg), lean dry mass (1.32 ± 0.62 kg), thigh CSA (6.6 ± 5.6 cm), vertical jump (2.9 ± 3.2 cm), chest pass velocity (0.334 ± 1.67 m·s), back squat one repetition maximum (1RM) (22.5 ± 8.1 kg), and overhead press (3.0 ± 0.8 kg). High-load group and ML group also both resulted in significant decreases in percent body fat (1.3 ± 1.3%), total body water (0.73 ± 0.70 L), and intracellular water (0.43 ± 0.38 L). The results of this study indicate that both moderate-load and high-load training are effective at improving muscle growth, body composition, strength and power in untrained young women.

Prehabilitation for radical prostatectomy: A multicentre randomized controlled trial

IntroductionPreoperative exercise and fitness are predictors of surgical recovery; however, little is known of the effect of preoperative exercise-based conditioning, known as prehabilitation, in this for men undergoing radical prostatectomy. Our study examined the feasibility and effects of prehabilitation on perioperative and postoperative outcomes in men undergoing radical prostatectomy. MethodsThis feasibility RCT compared prehabilitation (PREHAB) versus a control condition (CON) in 86 men undergoing radical prostatectomy. PREHAB consisted of home-based, moderate-intensity exercise prior to surgery. Both groups received a preoperative pelvic floor training regimen. Feasibility was assessed via rates of recruitment, attrition, intervention duration and adherence, and adverse events. Clinical outcomes included surgical complications, and length of stay. The following outcomes were assessed at baseline, prior to surgery, and 4, 12, and 26-weeks postoperatively: 6-min walk test (6MWT), upper-extremity strength, quality of life, psychosocial wellbeing, urologic symptoms, and physical activity volume. ResultsThe recruitment rate was 47% and attrition rates were 25% and 33% for PREHAB and CON, respectively. Adherence to PREHAB was 69% with no serious intervention-related adverse events. After the intervention and prior to surgery, PREHAB participants demonstrated less anxiety (P = 0.035) and decreased body fat percentage (P = 0.001) compared to CON. Four-weeks postoperatively, PREHAB participants had greater 6MWT scores of clinical significance compared to CON (P = 0.006). Finally, compared to CON, grip strength and anxiety were also greater in the PREHAB at 26-weeks (P = 0.022) and (P = 0.025), respectively. ConclusionWhile feasible and safe, prehabilitation has promising benefits to physical and psychological wellbeing at salient timepoints relative to radical prostatectomy.

HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING (HIIT) SAMA BAIKNYA DENGAN CIRCUIT WEIGHT TRAINING DALAM MENURUNKAN PERSENTASE LEMAK TUBUH DAN MENINGKATKAN KAPASITAS VITAL PARU

High-intensity exercise exercises in the exercise process use enormous amounts of muscle glycocal energy to strengthen adipose tissue into energy acids, energy requirements balanced with oxygen demand that will improve pulmonary performance and physiology. Weight-adjusting exercises are adjusted to the adaptation and physiology of muscles, increased muscle development and physiological muscles and muscles increases into more so that the energy process increases both muscle glycogen and increased fat oxidation. In this study the sample will be divided into 2 groups, group I will be given High intensity interval training, group II will be given Circuit weight training, both groups aim to reduce the percentage of body fat and increase the vital capacity of the lung. This study measures the pre and post test results so that it will be measured before treatment and after treatment after the exercise program for 6 weeks. Samples will be measured using Bioelectrical Impedance Analisys to measure the percentage of body fat and Spirometry to measure vital pulmonary capacity.The results of the first group hypothesis test showed the value before the fat percentage of 21.75 and after training to be 19.46, then before the vital capacity of the lungs 2.32 and after training to 4.02. While in group 2 the fat percentage value was 21.55 and the training was determined to be 19.79. For the value of vital capacity of lung 2.46 and after training to 3.64, with the probability value in both groups was 0.000 which means (p <0.05) and the measurement was no significant difference from both exercises. In the test of hypothesis III the comparison of results in group I , II, t-test independent sample with the result of the average group I fat difference 2.29 ± 0.46, KVparu 1.75 ± 0.55, Group II fat% 1.70 ± 0.43, KVparu 1.17 ± 0.45 with fat% probability value (p = 0,725) and KVparu (p = 0,073) which means (p> 0,05) and can. There was no significant difference between the three interventions.The conclusion of this research is high intensity interval training as well as ciecuit weight training in decreasing body fat percentage and increasing vital capacity of lung

Fitness-Related Benefits

PURPOSE: To compare fitness-related benefits between land-based (LAND) versus aqua-based (AQUA) courses. METHODS: Informed consent was received from 154 volunteers (N = 76 LAND; N = 78 AQUA) who were asked to exercise within each respective course 2 days per week, 50-min per day, for 15 weeks. Pre- and post-fitness assessments obtained were body composition, muscular endurance, muscular strength, cardiorespiratory endurance, and flexibility. RESULTS: Mixed ANOVA was used to investigate mean differences between pre- and post-fitness assessments and between groups. There was a main effect (p = 0.003) and interaction (p = <0.001) for body composition in which, overall, participants decreased percent body fat, however, paired t-test revealed that LAND (20.4% ± 7.3% to 19.0% ± 7.4%) had a significant reduction in mean percent body fat while AQUA did not (20.1% ± 8.7% to 20.2% ± 8.9%). A main effect for both muscular strength (p = <0.001) and muscular endurance (p = <0.04) was revealed, but no interactions, therefore, both groups improved on aforementioned variables. Lastly, no significant main effect or interaction for neither cardiorespiratory endurance nor flexibility assessments were revealed. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals participating in land-based courses displayed greater decreases in percent body fat when compared to aqua-based courses, whereas both land- and aqua-based displayed improvements in muscular strength and muscular endurance. There were no changes in cardiorespiratory endurance and flexibility within both groups.

The Effects Of A Multi-ingredient Ergogenic Supplement On Body Composition Following High-volume Resistance Training

In addition to resistance training (RT) methodology, nutrient intake remains a critical factor for the support of skeletal muscle metabolism, performance, and adaptation. Despite the traditional debate regarding the ideal type, timing, and quality of nutrients for recovery and/or performance, the consumption of exogenous substances like branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), beta-alanine, creatine, glutamine and various plant-based compounds, like piperine have previously shown to support performance, recovery, or metabolic adaptations in skeletal muscle. This has largely enabled the use of multi-ingredient ergogenic supplements (MIES) that incorporate a single blend of these substances with the intent of obtaining a synergistic ergogenic effect. What remains unclear is the efficacy by which a MIES blend of such ingredients facilitates the adaptive changes in body composition during a high-volume RT regimen. PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of a proprietary MIES comprised of BCAA, beta-alanine, creatine hydrochloride, glutamine, and black pepper fruit extract on body composition during 6 weeks of high-volume RT. METHODS: Male and female subjects completed a 6 week RT program 3 days a week with 48 hours of rest between each session. EXP (n=16) and Placebo (PLA) (n=23) groups consumed one serving of the experimental MIES or placebo, respectively immediately post-workout and before sleep on training days, and two servings during rest days. Body composition was measured pre- and post-training via Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry. RESULTS: EXP (+1.7 ± 0.3 kg, p<0.001) and PLA (+1.5 ± 0.2 kg, p<0.001) demonstrated an increase in total body mass. EXP demonstrated a greater increase in lean mass than PLA (EXP= 2.1 ± 0.3 kg vs. PLA= 1.1 ± 0.3 kg) (p=0.03). Fat mass was significantly greater in EXP (-0.4 ± 0.2 kg vs. PLA= +0.4 ± 0.2 kg) (p=0.02). EXP exhibited a decrease in body fat percentage (1.2 ± 0.3 % units) (p=0.01) while PLA showed no change. Post-training body fat percentage was lower in EXP than PLA. There were no between-group differences for average daily training volume each week. CONCLUSION: Supplementation of MIES comprised of BCAA, beta-alanine, creatine hydrochloride, glutamine, and black pepper fruit extract may enhance body composition changes during high-volume RT.

Body Composition Changes in Male Collegiate Lacrosse Players from Preseason to Post Season

Body composition changes differ in all sports due to specific training. In the off season most teams participate in strength training programs, however during the competitive season, training is often replaced with team sport training. Lacrosse players in previous studies showed better performance with decreased body fat percentage and increased lean body mass. However, its common during the competitive season to show an increased expenditure with more frequent practices and no adaptation to diet, which can lead to a decrease in lean body mass (LBM) along with rapid body fat percent loss in the competitive season. These changes can increase chances of injury, decrease performance, and slow recovery. PURPOSE: To examine body composition changes in male collegiate lacrosse players from preseason to post season METHODS: We examined 18 male NCAA Division II collegiate lacrosse players (age 19.6±1.72) pre -competitive season, and post -season (January and May). Subjects completed a body composition assessment using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Using descriptive statistics and a 2 way t-test, there was a decrease in overall total mass of 8.7 lbs. (179.9±33.2 vs 171.2±28.2, p=0.42). Body fat % decreased by 2.5% (21.1±7.6 vs. 18.6±6.7, p=0.58). Lean body mass increased by 1.5 lbs. (133.9±16.44 vs. 135.3±15.3). CONCLUSION: Although these results were not significant, there was a decrease in % body fat and a minimal increase in lean body mass from pre to post season in Division II male lacrosse players. These changes do not demonstrate negative energy balance throughout the competitive season as previous research suggests.

Body Mass Index Versus Body Fat Percentage in Prospective National Football League Athletes: Overestimation of Obesity Rate in Athletes at the National Football League Scouting Combine.

Provencher, MT, Chahla, J, Sanchez, G, Cinque, ME, Kennedy, NI, Whalen, J, Price, MD, Moatshe, G, and LaPrade, RF. Body mass index versus body fat percentage in prospective national football league athletes: overestimation of obesity rate in athletes at the national football league scouting combine. J Strength Cond Res 32(4): 1013-1019, 2018-Obesity has been previously noted as a major issue in the National Football League (NFL), where it has been shown that 97% of all players demonstrate a body mass index (BMI) of ≥25.0 with a reported obesity rate of 56% (BMI ≥ 30.0). However, BMI does not take into account body composition by mass, and may overestimate prevalence of obesity. The purposes of this study were (a) to determine the validity of BMI as a measure of body fat percentage and obesity in athletes at the NFL Combine, (b) to define the obesity rate based on body fat percentage compared with BMI, and (c) to determine the relationship between draft status and body composition. It was hypothesized that the rate of obesity, as measured by air displacement plethysmography (ADP), would be less than the rate of obesity as measured using BMI. Athletes who competed at the 2010 through 2016 NFL Combines were included in this study. Air displacement plethysmograph testing at the Combine was performed through BOD POD Body Composition Tracking System with collection of the following metrics: body fat percentage (%), and compared with BMI based on weight and height. In addition, the metrics were evaluated for differences over the 7-year study period to determine temporal changes and to determine draft status based on position relative to BOD POD calculations. A total of 1,958 NFL Combine participants completed ADP body composition testing. Based on BMI (≥30.0), the obesity rate was 53.4% versus an 8.9% obesity rate when using ADP. Drafted players demonstrated a significantly lower body fat percentage than undrafted players (p ≤ 0.05), with the exception of quarterbacks and running backs. All 8 positions of play, with the exception of defensive linemen, demonstrated a decrease in body fat percentage between 2010 and 2017. However, total body mass by position of play remained relatively constant with no significant change noted in any position. In conclusion, the obesity rate in prospective athletes at the NFL Combine was overestimated when calculated based on the BMI. Body fat percentage was more valid for determining an NFL player candidate's true body composition. Drafted players demonstrated a significantly lower body fat percentage in 6 of 8 positions compared with undrafted players. This is important to recognize for a strength and conditioning professional to use the correct metric when evaluating NFL players who could have been erroneously categorized in the obese population by their BMI. Furthermore, a higher percentage of fat translates to lower chances of becoming drafted.

The effect of 12-weeks concurent training on the serum levels NGF, BDNF, and VDBP in women with multiple sclerosis

Recent studies suggest that patients with multiple sclerosis(MS) have low levels of neurotrophic factors such as nerve growth factor(NGF), brain-derived neurothrophic factor(BDNF) and the vitamin D-binding protein(VDBP), and exercise training may affects these factors in people with MS. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a combined exercise training programon the serum levels of neurotrophic factos in women with MS. A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in 24 volunteer MS patients(Expanded Disability Status Scale range of 1–5). Resting serum levels of BDNF, NGF, VDBP, body composition variables, and disability scale values were determined before and after the intervention. The intervention consisted of three sessions of combined training a week for 12 weeks(two sessions of aerobic and one session of resistance training, progressively). Aerobic training consisted of interval training with 4-13 repetition of aerobic activity at 40-55% of heart rate reserve; and resistance training consisted of 8-12 repetitions with 60-80% of 1RM for eight movements. The results showed a significant decrease in body fat percentage (p=0.003) and disability scale value(p=0.007) in the experimental group. no other significant changes was observed for other variables or in the control group. This study indicates that although the combined aerobic and resistance training in three non-consecutive days per week for 12 weeks has no effect on NGF, BDNF, and VDBP; however with positive effects on the body fat percentage and disability scale value can be for women with MS.

The Impact of Web-Based Feedback on Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health of Nurses Working in a Cardiovascular Setting: A Randomized Trial.

A disconcerting proportion of Canadian nurses are physically inactive and report poor cardiovascular health. Web-based interventions incorporating feedback and group features may represent opportune, convenient, and cost-effective methods for encouraging physical activity (PA) in order to improve the levels of PA and cardiovascular health of nurses. The purpose of this parallel-group randomized trial was to examine the impact of an intervention providing participants with feedback from an activity monitor coupled with a web-based individual, friend or team PA challenge, on the PA and cardiovascular health of nurses working in a cardiovascular setting.Methods: Nurses were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to one of the following intervention “challenge” groups: (1) individual, (2) friend or (3) team. Nurses wore a Tractivity® activity monitor throughout a baseline week and 6-week intervention. Height, body mass, body fat percentage, waist circumference, resting blood pressure (BP) and heart rate were assessed, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated, during baseline and within 1 week post-intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and general linear model procedures for repeated measures.Results: 76 nurses (97% female; age: 46 ± 11 years) participated. Weekly moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) changed over time (F = 4.022, df = 4.827, p = 0.002, η2 = 0.055), and was greater during intervention week 2 when compared to intervention week 6 (p = 0.011). Daily steps changed over time (F = 7.668, df = 3.910, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.100), and were greater during baseline and intervention weeks 1, 2, 3, and 5 when compared to intervention week 6 (p < 0.05). No differences in weekly MVPA or daily steps were observed between groups (p > 0.05). No changes in body mass, BMI or waist circumference were observed within or between groups (p > 0.05). Decreases in body fat percentage (−0.8 ± 4.8%, p = 0.015) and resting systolic BP (−2.6 ± 8.8 mmHg, p = 0.019) were observed within groups, but not between groups (p > 0.05).Conclusions: A web-based intervention providing feedback and a PA challenge initially impacted the PA, body fat percentage and resting systolic BP of nurses working in a cardiovascular setting, though increases in PA were short-lived. The nature of the PA challenge did not differentially impact outcomes. Alternative innovative strategies to improve and sustain nurses' PA should be developed and their effectiveness evaluated.

The effect of aquatic exercises on inflammatory markers of cardiovascular disease in obese women

Aims: the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aquatic exercises on inflammatory markers of cardiovascular (homocysteine, C-reactive protein [CRP], and fibrinogen) in obese women. Materials and Methods: It was a semi-experimental with pre- and posttest design. Thirty-seven obese women volunteered to participate in the research, of which 28 had inclusive criteria for research. The age of participants ranged from 35 to 40 years and their body fat percentage was above 30%. The exercise protocol included a combination of resistance, stretching, and balance exercises that were carried out three sessions a week for 10 weeks. Statistical Analysis Used: Paired t-test and independent test were used to analyze the data. Results: The results suggested that homocysteine, CRP, and fibrinogen indices of obese women were significantly improved following combined aquatic exercises (P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, a significant decrease in body fat percentage with improvement of cholesterol and systolic blood pressure were found in experimental group (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: The overall result was that combined aquatic exercises would not only attenuate cardiovascular risk factors such as homocysteine, fibrinogen, and CRP but also improve the other cardiovascular disease risk factors such as obesity, cholesterol, and blood pressure.

칼로리 소모량에 기초한 유산소성 운동프로그램이 비만인의 체지방율 감소에 미치는 효과 크기 분석

칼로리 소모량에 기초한 유산소성 운동프로그램이 비만인의 체지방율 감소에 미치는 효과 크기 분석

Pengaruh Lari Malam terhadap Persentase Lemak Tubuh

The The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of nighttime running on decreasing body fat percentage in Bandung Explorer (Bandrexhood) participants. This research is a pre-experimental design study using the one-group pretest and posttest design with instruments in the form of measurement tests, namely body fat measurements with skinfold caliper. The sample in this study were participants of the Bandung Explorer (Bandrexhood), amounting to 29 people with saturated sampling techniques. This research was conducted on May 9, 2016 data collection pretest, ended on July 1, 2016 data collection posttest. The night run is performed 24 times, 3 times a week. From the results of the t-test, the percentage of fat participants in Bandung Explorer (Bandrexhood) found that night running had a significant effect on decreasing body fat in Bandung Explorer (Bandrexhood) participants.

Clinical Factors Associated with Initial Decrease in Body-Fat Percentage Induced by Add-on Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitors in Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background and objectiveObesity is globally recognized as an important clinical problem and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are considered a suitable therapy for obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We examined the clinical factors associated with initial decrease in body-fat percentage (Fat %) induced by SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with T2DM.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled patients newly treated with SGLT2 inhibitors in addition to ongoing medications at Jinnouchi Hospital between April 2014 and December 2015. We examined the SGLT2 inhibitor-induced change in body composition by using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer (InBody770®) before SGLT2 inhibitor administration and after 4 weeks’ treatment.ResultsA total of 175 patients with T2DM were enrolled and we analyzed 148 patients. Add-on SGLT2 inhibitor treatment significantly reduced body weight (− 1.04 ± 1.18 kg, p < 0.01), total fat quantity (− 0.62 ± 1.19 kg, p < 0.01), and Fat % (− 0.4 ± 1.4%, p < 0.01). Pretreatment levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) [odds ratio (OR), 1.61; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.15–2.25, p < 0.01] and smoking (OR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.14–6.15, p = 0.02) were significantly associated factors for greater fat-reduction defined as more than 0.4% (median) decrease in Fat % in multivariate logistic regression analysis. In receiver operator characteristic analysis, the cut-off value of pretreatment levels of HbA1c for a greater Fat % decrease was 7.7% (sensitivity 53% and specificity 69%, p < 0.01).ConclusionAdditional treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors effectively decreased Fat % in T2DM patients with high HbA1c levels before SGLT2 inhibitor administration. Our results suggest a greater initial response in Fat % reduction to SGLT2 inhibitor therapy in diabetic patients with pretreatment HbA1c levels ≥ 7.7%.

Effects of the Nurse Athlete Program on the Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors, Physical Health, and Mental Well-being of New Graduate Nurses.

Recognizing that transition from nursing student to point-of-care nurse can be a stressful time period in one's career. A pilot study at a large Midwestern medical center tested the preliminary effects of a health-oriented workshop, the Nurse Athlete, on new graduate nurses' healthy lifestyle beliefs, healthy lifestyle behaviors, depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as health outcomes. The Nurse Athlete workshop, provided in partnership with Johnson & Johnson's Human Performance Institute (HPI), used materials from HPI's Corporate Athlete program. The 2-day workshop focuses on energy management through a comprehensive examination of goals and values in relation to one's spiritual, mental, emotional, and physical development and provides practical strategies to improve self-care. Eighty-eight new graduate nurses hired at the university's medical center were offered the opportunity to participate in the Nurse Athlete program and associated study. Sixty-nine percent of these new graduate nurses (n = 61) consented and participated in the program. There was a statistically significant decrease in the participants' weight and body mass index from baseline to the 6-month follow-up assessment, which resulted in small to medium positive effects for the Nurse Athlete program. There was also a significant decrease in body fat percentage across time, resulting in a large positive intervention effect. Statistically significant reductions in depressive symptoms were measured between baseline and 6 months.

Exploring factors related to changes in body composition, insulin sensitivity and aerobic capacity in response to a 12-week exercise intervention in overweight and obese women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome.

ObjectiveTo determine factors associated with differential changes in body fat, insulin resistance and aerobic capacity following a 12-week exercise intervention in overweight and obese women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Methods16 overweight and obese women (9 PCOS; 7 without PCOS) completed a supervised progressive 12-week exercise program. Primary outcomes included changes in indicators of insulin sensitivity (including glucose infusion rate relative to fat-free mass [GIR/FFM]), body composition, and aerobic capacity (VO2 peak; 12 participants only). Comparisons were made between women with and without PCOS, and between participants who lost ≥5% (classified as exercise responders) and <5% (non-responders) in body fat (assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry).ResultsTraining decreased body fat percentage by (mean; 95% CI) -2.3%; -5.3, 0.7% in women with PCOS and by -6.4%; -10.9, -1.9% in women without PCOS (P = 0.08). Ten women (7 PCOS; 3 without PCOS) did not reduce body fat by ≥5%. All participants improved VO2 peak (mean change 27%; 16–39%) but four (2 PCOS; 2 without PCOS) demonstrated decreases in GIR/FFM (mean change for whole cohort: 37%; 3–71%). Android-gynoid fat ratio (0.58; 0.51, 0.66 vs 0.46; 0.40, 0.51; P<0.01) was significantly higher and GIR/FFM (6.69; 3.49, 9.90 vs 11.44; 9.15, 13.72 mg/kg/min; P = 0.01) was significantly lower in non-responders compared with responders at baseline, but non-responders had significant post-training decreases in android-gynoid ratio (-0.02; -0.04, -0.01; P = 0.03), and increases in VO2 peak (7.24; 2.28, 12.21 mL/kg/min; P = 0.01) and GIR/FFM (1.44; 0.27, 2.61 mg/kg/min; P = 0.02). In women with PCOS, pre-training VO2 peak was significantly negatively correlated with change in total body fat (r = -0.75; P = 0.02), and pre-training fasting glucose negatively correlated with changes in VO2 peak (r = -0.76; P = 0.04), but positively correlated with changes in GIR (r = 0.67; P = 0.046).ConclusionA high proportion of overweight and obese women with PCOS had small reductions in body fat following a 12-week exercise intervention, but nevertheless significantly reduced relative central adiposity and improved aerobic capacity and insulin sensitivity.

The Effects Of Cissus Quadrangularis On Body Composition And Blood Lipids

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 6 wks of supplementation with Cissus Quadrangularis (CQ) on body composition and blood lipids in healthy college aged adults. METHODS: A total of 27 healthy college aged adults (13 males, 14 females, 21.0+0.6 y; mean+SD) completed this study. All testing was done first thing in the morning following an overnight fast. Baseline body composition was assessed by whole body densitometry using air displacement plethysmogrophy, and blood lipids and glucose were assessed using whole blood obtained via finger puncture. Following baseline testing, subjects were randomly assigned in a double blind manner into one of two groups: 3.2 g/d of CQ; or 3.2 g/d of a maltodextrin placebo (PL). Subjects consumed half of the daily dose in the morning and half in the evening on an empty stomach. All testing was repeated following 6 wks of treatment. Pre to post differences were analyzed using a treatment by time repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: Compared to the PL group, there was a significant increase in fat free mass following treatment with CQ (CQ= 0.3+1.2 kg, PL= -0.6+0.9 kg, p=0.03), a significant decrease in fat mass (CQ= -0.7+1.2 kg, PL= 0.8+1.4 kg, p=0.005), a significant decrease in body fat percentage (CQ= -0.7+1.4 % body fat, PL= 1.1+1.8 % body fat, p=0.006), and a significant increase in HDL (CQ= 0.01+0.18 mmol/L, PL= -0.20+0.2 mmol/L, p=0.009). No significant differences were observed for body mass (CQ= -0.4+1.2 kg, PL= 0.0+1.5 kg, p=0.41), total cholesterol (CQ= -0.11+0.42 mmol/L, PL= -0.23+0.29 mmol/L, p=0.39), LDL (CQ= -0.12+0.39 mmol/L, PL= -0.08+0.35 mmol/L, p=0.93), glucose (CQ= -0.06+0.46 mmol/L, PL= 0.14+0.45 mmol/L, p=0.28) or triglycerides (CQ= -0.09+0.61 mmol/L, PL= 0.22+0.30 mmol/L, p=0.10). CONCLUSION: 6wk of supplementation with CQ prevented the drop in HDL that was seen in the PL group, with no other changes observed for blood lipids or glucose. CQ significantly increased lean mass and decreased fat mass, resulting in a significant decrease in body fat percentage.

Effects of Ursolic Acid Supplementation on Early Strength Gains and Body Composition

PURPOSE: Ursolic Acid (UA) is a compound commonly found in apple peels and other fruit skins. Previous studies in animal models have shown that UA may inhibit skeletal muscle atrophy, as well as increase the size and strength of skeletal muscle. In humans, one study lasting eight weeks showed significant effects of combined UA supplementation and resistance training on increased muscle strength and decreased body fat percentage, but the mechanisms are unclear. Another study found acute effects of UA supplementation during exercise included stimulating the pathway for muscle hypertrophy in resistance-trained men. Our study was designed to investigate whether any potential effects of UA supplementation on muscle strength gain occur during the early phase of neuromuscular adaptations to resistance training. We hypothesized that oral consumption of 150 mg of Ursolic Acid (UA) three times a day in combination with resistance training would lead to increased muscle strength gain but no effect on body composition over four weeks compared to equivalent training with Placebo. METHODS: Twelve untrained adults (six in each group of Placebo or UA) were recruited to participate in our four-week training study. Subjects ingested either a Placebo or 150 mg of UA 3 times a day with every meal, for a total of 450 mg per day for four weeks. A 1 Repetition Maximum (1RM) bench press test was used to assess muscular strength pre and post resistance training. Resistance training consisted of two supervised sessions per week of three sets of 10 repetitions of flat bench press, incline bench press, and flat dumbbell flies at 60-80% of 1RM. Pre and post resistance training body fat percentage was measured via hydrostatic weighing. RESULTS: After four weeks of resistance training, subjects experienced a significant increase in muscular strength as measured by a 1RM bench press test and no change in body fat percentage. There were no significant differences in muscle strength gain between the Placebo and UA supplementation groups. CONCLUSION: We conclude that any potential ergogenic effects of UA supplementation are unlikely to involve neuromuscular adaptations in the early strength gains of a resistance training program.