Decomposition Principle Research Articles

Essential Spectrum and Feller Type Properties

We give necessary and sufficient conditions for a regular semi-Dirichlet form to enjoy a new Feller type property, which we call weak Feller property. Our characterization involves potential theoretic as well as probabilistic aspects and seems to be new even in the symmetric case. As a consequence, in the symmetric case, we obtain a new variant of a decomposition principle of the essential spectrum for (the self-adjoint operators induced by) regular symmetric Dirichlet forms and a Persson type theorem, which applies e.g. to Cheeger forms on mathsf {RCD^*} spaces.

Hygro-Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of Brick Masonry Walls Subjected to Environmental Actions

Masonry walls comprise an important part of the building envelope and, thus, are exposed to environmental effects such as temperature and moisture variations. However, structural assessment usually neglects the influence of these hygro-thermal loads and assumes ideal conditions. This paper presents a hygro-thermo-mechanical model and its application to simulate the impact of temperature- and moisture-related phenomena on the structural behavior of masonry walls. A fully coupled heat and mass transfer model is presented and a 2D finite element model is prepared to simulate the behavior of a brick masonry wall under various hygro-thermal scenarios. Two different mortars are considered: namely, cement mortar and natural hydraulic lime mortar. The results are evaluated in terms of temperature and moisture content distribution across the wall thickness. The hygro-thermal model is further extended to incorporate mechanical effects through the total strain additive decomposition principle. It is shown that the hygro-thermo-mechanical response of the brick masonry wall is a complex 2D phenomenon. Moreover, the environmental loads change the natural stress distribution caused by gravitational loads alone. Finally, the wall with cement mortar develops higher levels of stress when compared to the one with lime mortar, due to the dissimilar hygro-thermal behavior between the constituent materials.

Choice of Solutions in the Design of Complex Energy Systems Based on the Analysis of Variants with Interval Weights

Ensuring high-quality and uninterrupted power supply to consumers is one of the main problems of creating reliable power systems of a new generation. It is associated with the implementation of an integral assessment of the technical state of equipment of the power stations and substations, based on technical diagnostics data. Integral assessment involves the choice of ranges of the set of parameters of the technical state for groups of constituent elements of equipment, as well as the determination of their weight coefficients. Currently, the problem is solved with the help of expert assessments, arbitrarily in each specific case, which may lead to an incorrect integral assessment of the state of the equipment. The principle of decomposition makes it possible to determine the individual performance characteristics of each of them. At the same time, their subsequent aggregation ensures that the emergent properties of the system are taken into account. Such an approach was used in this work to evaluate individual types of equipment and their constituent elements. The algorithm for constructing a tree with a minimum random weight, proposed in this paper, makes it possible to increase the validity of decisions. They are made at various stages of designing complex technical systems and include tasks with an integral assessment of the technical state of equipment of power plants and substations. In the proposed algorithm, as a result of using the tree of variants, a matroid is formed, on which, using the “greedy” algorithm, the optimal solution can be determined.

A multiplicative finite strain deformation for diffusion-induced stress: An incremental approach

Understanding the evolution of lithium concentration and stresses in electrode materials during electrochemical cycling is of paramount importance in studying the fundamental mechanisms contributing to the structural degradation of lithiated electrode materials. In this work, we use the change rate of the volume of a host material in analyzing diffusion-induced volume expansion and obtain the volume expansion as an exponential function of the concentration of solute atoms and the coefficient of linear expansion in contrast to the widely used linear relation between the diffusion-induced volume expansion and the coefficient of linear expansion. Using the principle of multiplicative decomposition in the framework of elastic deformation and thermodynamic free energies, we derive the constitutive relation for diffusion-induced finite deformation of elastic materials. The symmetric Piola-Kirchhoff stress is an exponential function of the coefficient of linear expansion and the concentration of solute atoms. Incorporating the change of strain field with the change in the number of solute atoms in Helmholtz free energy, we derive the chemical potential of the solute atoms in the host material the same as the one given by Li et al. (Zeitschrift für PhysikalischeChemie, 49 (1966) 271–290). Numerical results for the lithiation of a spherical silicon electrode reveal that the spatial distributions of lithium concentration and stresses for small dimensionless time (dilute solution) exhibit similar trends to the corresponding ones calculated from the theory of linear elasticity and nonlinear characteristics for large dimensionless time (concentrated solution).

Poly-scale principle of urban environment geoinformation monitoring

The article discusses general approaches for monitoring the urban environment based on geoinformation technologies. The purpose of these studies is to use the properties of poly-scale geoinformation monitoring in modeling and forecasting the state of the urban environment. The urgency of identifying the spatio-temporal features of the development of the urban environment at different territorial levels is shown. Each territorial level carries its own level of detail. These levels are the global level, regional, local, macro, meso level and primary level. The set-theoretic representation of the principle of poly-scale modelling of objects of the urban environment is considered. Based on this approach, models and methods of geoinformation monitoring at each scale level can be represented as a composition of ordered pairs of different structural types. An example of a hierarchy of methods and models used in studies of the urban environment is given. The concept of basic composition models is introduced. On the basis of such models, a technology for constructing poly-scale compositions is presented. Such compositions make it possible to convey the computational essence of the corresponding mathematical models at each level of the poly-scale approach in the study of the urban environment. A generalized scheme for applying the principle of poly-scale decomposition of a geoinformation monitoring object has been developed. At the same time, at each level of the information space, the construction of the corresponding models of the monitoring object is provided.

Fairy Tale Narrative in the Media Environment: Structure and Functions (on the Example of Motivating YouTube Content)

The article puts forward and substantiates the concept of motivating content. On the example of the four most representative videos posted on the You-Tube video platform, its specific features are considered. So, firstly, the specifics of the composition of the analyzed videos are revealed, it is proved that their structure goes back to the narrative archetypes of a fairy tale. Secondly, the order of the narrative elements is determined and the key features of the emerging syntagmatic plot unity are described. Thirdly, the functional specificity of motivating content has been established, which lies in the fact that it performs a psychological and therapeutic function (motivating content helps in resolving a personal psychological crisis, temporarily replacing real psychological help). The method of functional analysis of the fairy tale narrative, developed by V. Propp, serves as a research method. This method is based on the principle of decomposition of a work, which allows you to divide the material into its component parts and analyze the invariant features of the text series. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that it presents a functional analysis of narrative matrices found in media works that perform a psychological and therapeutic function in society. As a result of the study, the author concludes that MC is useful both for the blogger (increase in the audience) and for the viewer (the first, but temporary, psychological and therapeutic help).

RE-NiOx (RE=Ce, Y, La) composite oxides coupled plasma catalysis for benzene oxidation and by-product ozone removal

Plasma-coupled catalysis is a promising volatile organic compounds (VOCs) removal technology because of its interactional principles of plasma decomposition and catalytic oxidation. However, the problem of harmful by-products is still in trouble. A series of rare earth doped RE-NiOx (RE = Ce, Y, La) composite oxides were synthesized by metal organic frameworks (MOFs)-derived method for coupled plasma oxidation of benzene and by-product ozone removal. Compared with plasma alone, the 1%La-NiOx catalyst shows the best enhancement of 50% for benzene conversion with complete removal of a maximum of 800 ppm ozone. The energy consumption for 90% benzene removal efficiency (η90%) is also reduced from 3600 to 1200 J/L. Characterization results of RE-NiOx catalysts indicate that the doping of La causes interaction and synergistic effect between La and Ni, and the surface oxygen and lattice oxygen with defects play crucial roles in benzene oxidation and ozone decomposition, respectively. In addition, the decomposition mechanism of benzene and ozone under plasma is proposed. Plasma is responsible for the indiscriminate bond breaking in benzene and oxygen to form a variety of organic intermediates and ozone, while the La-NiOx catalyst selectively oxidizes the intermediates to COx/H2O and decomposes the ozone into oxygen.

The Archimedes Code: a dialogue between science, practice, design theory and systems engineering

Abstract Archimedes, the founder of statics and hydrostatics, in his mathematics and physics studies, created methods related to his inventions of new machines, for example, the method of mechanical theorems based on his lever invention. He also used the principles of decomposition and replication underlying his heat ray invention, and these two principles permeate his work. Analysis of Archimedes’ work shows how he was perhaps the first to use methodically a strategy for solving diverse complex problems. In this article, we use the term Archimedes Code to encompass the way Archimedes approached problems including those two principles. Archimedes was perhaps the first design theorist and the first to think systematically about how to address design challenges. Furthermore, his work demonstrates the fundamental role of engineering practice in advancing science. The new insights regarding the Archimedes Code and its value in design practice may inspire both design researchers and practitioners.

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ЗАТРАТНЫМ МЕХАНИЗМОМ ИННОВАЦИОННЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ ОБРАБОТКИ ПОЧВЫ ДЛЯ АДАПТИВНО-ЛАНДШАФТНОГО ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛИЯ СИБИРИ

Relevance. The efficiency of agricultural production is determined by internal and external conditions. When cultivating grain crops (GC), extensive technologies predominate using plowing, which is contrary to environmental principles and leads to soil degradation. The analysis shows that for the period from 1930 to 2020 y., the efficiency of plowing (CUA) decreased from 0.84 to 0.37: the highest efficiency was provided by units based on DT-54, and the smallest, corresponding to 0.37, was recorded for a unit with a K-744R3 tractor with a PML-8 plow -10. And the application of precision farming technologies, due to the lack of control theory, will require a long time. However, under certain prevailing conditions, the use of moldboard processing – plowing has positive aspects that provide an increase in the yield of grain crops. The time has come for a radical change in attitudes towards agriculture. We need innovative mechanical and technological solutions. The purpose of the work is to increase the efficiency of technologies for growing grain crops based on the establishment of relationships between the main technical and economic indicators that characterize the effectiveness of the use of innovative tillage processes in adaptive landscape agriculture in Siberia. Research methods. Analysis and synthesis, optimization methods, experimental research methods, as well as methodological principles, including the principle of decomposition and superposition, the principle of block-modularity, the Ashby principle, the principle of adaptation and flexibility of implemented mechanical and technological solutions. Results. With a deep scientific justification and methodological completeness, it is necessary for the recommended farming systems to carry out a rational distribution of the most common technologies. And in order to conduct expanded reproduction, ensured by the level of profitability of the SC at least 30%, a change in the ratio of fixed and variable costs is required. It has been established that this ratio should be increased by 1.64 times compared to the existing one. The use of the hyperbolic tangent function, which describes the relationship between tangential stresses and soil moisture, and its study for an extremum, made it possible to determine the rational structure of the main tillage of heavy and heavy loamy soil types. So, for a wet period, with W> 23%, plowing with share plows is recommended; favorable, W = 18 – 23% – non-moldboard processing by a flexible automated technological complex; arid, W<18% – minimal or no-moldboard layer-by-layer processing, differentiated by the golden ratio. Conclusions. Increasing the competitiveness of Russian agricultural products is possible only through innovative development, which requires not only a new methodological environment, but also a change in the mathematical apparatus. To conduct expanded reproduction at a profitability level of at least 30%, dependencies are proposed that allow determining a rational cost structure, as well as a rational structure of methods for the main processing of heavy and heavy loamy soil types, depending on their moisture content. Solving the problem of increasing the efficiency of domestic agricultural production, which has a variety of conditions, requires the creation of innovative types, both tractors and complexes of special agricultural equipment.

Optimal Scheduling Strategy for Photovoltaic Charging Stations Participating in the Electricity Market based on Transactive Energy Mechanism

Regarding the optimization and management of energy in photovoltaic charging stations, existing research mostly focuses on the power grid, with little consideration given to its characteristics as a producer and consumer. This paper proposes an optimized scheduling strategy for photovoltaic charging stations that considers transactive energy mechanisms. Firstly, under the premise of ensuring the safe operation constraints of the distribution network, a distributed transaction model for photovoltaic charging stations was established. Secondly, the optimization model is solved using the Lagrangian decomposition principle and Subgradient method to obtain the scheduling plan of the photovoltaic charging station. The simulation results indicate that the scheduling strategy proposed in this article can promote the on-site consumption of renewable energy and improve the economy of photovoltaic charging stations.

Функциональная модель системы автоматизированного проектирования железных дорог в информационно-цифровой среде

Purpose: Development of new technology for automated solution for railway design tasks in informational-digital environment. Methods: Structural system analysis methodology, system theory, the principle of decomposition are applied. Results: Based on analysis results for structure and functional possibilities of widely used modern systems of railway and highway automated design, the procedures sequence for existing technology of railway automated design was defined. Functional model of railway automated design system in informational-digital environment, based on the application of informational modeling technologies, data mining and mathematical optimization methods, is proposed. Practical significance: The proposed functional model represents the basis for the development of automated design system that will allow implementing new technology for railway automated design, reducing labor costs and time for the development of design solutions, improving their quality and efficiency.

The method of automated synthesis of the finite-element model of the under-skew wing of a regional aircraft of the transport category

The article describes a method for the synthesis of a finite element model of a wing with a strut for regional aircraft of the transport category. The method is based on the functional principle of decomposition, in which the general wing model is synthesized from individual models of substructures, which include the detachable part of the box and the wing strut. It is shown that, thanks to the use of the method of automated synthesis, it significantly reduces the amount of data entered "manually", which makes it possible to reduce the synthesis time and reduce the probability of errors.

Application of the principles of taxonomy and decomposition in the design of abrasive processing to improve product quality and tool life

The application of the principles of taxonomy and decomposition in the design of machining parts with impregnated abrasive wheels is considered. To ensure high quality processing and increase tool life, a predictive analysis of their operating parameters is used. Keywords: abrasive processing, taxonomy, decomposition, processing quality, predictive model. safoklovbb@mail.ru

Research on behaviour planning for power substation inspection robot based on fuzzy cognitive map

A fuzzy cognitive map based behavior planning method for mobile robot is proposed in this paper. Aiming at the intelligentialize advanced application problems of power substation equipment inspection robot, a logical structure of inspection tasks planning based on hierarchical hybrid complex system is presented, and the operating principle of task decomposition and task planning are given in detail. The dependent events in inspecting tasks are considered as concept nodes to present the connection weights between nodes and establish the fuzzy cognitive map model of task and behavior planning, so as to realize task decomposition and generate the action logic sequences. Meanwhile, the action sequences can be adjusted in real time with the sensor information. The proposed method is simple without introducing complicated calculations and much training. Simulation results verify the feasibility and effectiveness.

Modification as a method of aircraft design

To optimize the expenditure of time and material resources, the Method of modifications is used. Modular design of a family of modifications allows combining complexes of components to expand the transport capabilities of aircraft, meet the requirements of air transport more accurately, maximize unification, create a range of aircraft. The modification method makes it possible to reduce time and material resources in solving aircraft design problems. And the principle of decomposition makes it possible to identify independent units and systems from which new aircraft modifications can be assembled. Models are formalized. Software and information support is developed on their basis.

Modernization of the vehicle control system

Problem. The car is the most massive vehicle in the world. Millions of cars are produced annually. Automobile companies are forced to constantly improve the design of the car so that each car finds its buyer. Modern models appear, new car systems are developed and implemented. In order to identify the most important car control system for modernization, a synthesis of local selection priorities was carried out. Improvement of car systems is quite relevant nowadays. Goal. As a result of the analysis, the purpose of the study was highlighted: to conduct a synthesis of local priorities for the selection of car control systems for further modernization. Job tasks: to consider car control systems; determine the priorities of car control systems using the method of analyzing hierarchies. Methodology. In order to rank car control systems by the degree of importance, we will use the method of analysis of hierarchies, this will allow us to focus the main efforts on the more important car control system. Hierarchy construction comes from people's natural ability to think logically and creatively, to determine events and establish relationships between them, and is thus based on the principle of identity and decomposition. In practice, there is no established procedure for generating goals, criteria and types of activities for inclusion in the hierarchy. The purpose of the hierarchy is to select the most important vehicle control system. Results. The result of the study is: according to the results of the comparison of car control systems, alternative A3 - the engine (speed) control system received the highest priority equal to 0.5683. Originality. The originality lies in the fact that in order to identify the most important car control system for modernization, a synthesis of local priorities of choice was carried out. Practical value. The use of the proposed results indicates the possibility of modernizing the engine (speed) control system.

Security analysis on optical cryptosystem based on interference and phase-retrieval technique

In this paper, the security strength of an optical cryptosystem based on interference and phase-retrieval technique has been evaluated. Compared to the conventional interference-based scheme in which private keys are generated according to the principle of vector decomposition, a modified error-reduction phase retrieval algorithm is employed to produce a plaintext-dependent key with the smaller size than that of the plaintext in the improved cryptosystem; thus, resulting in higher resistance against iterative attacks and lower burden of data transmission. However, it is found that only one phase-only mask (POM) served as the private key is unknown to illegal users, the key space is limited; thus, it is possible to investigate an iterative process to recover the unknown key with the aid of public keys and the arbitrarily given ciphertext as additional constraints. And employing the recovered private key, encoded information may be reconstructed. Based on this cryptoanalysis, the iterative ciphertext-only attack (COA) with normalization and image smoothing techniques (i.e., the median filter, the bilateral filter) is proposed to crack the enhanced scheme. Numerical simulations are carried out to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed COA.

Methods for Evaluation of the Effectiveness Level of the Territorial Community’s Development Strategy

The article considers the importance of forming a strategy for the development of territories. It is important for each territorial community to model its future development with a high quality of life, equal access to services and comfortable living conditions. The strategy is a roadmap for community development, which is formed to achieve important long-term goals and a vision, taking into account the internal strengths and weaknesses of the community, external opportunities and threats, and reducing uncertainty about the future. A methodology for assessing the effectiveness level of the territorial community development strategy based on expert criteria assessment has been developed. Among the criteria for evaluating the strategy are the following: the analytical part of the development strategy, stakeholder survey, composition of the working group on strategy development, SWOT analysis, development scenarios, the presence of the vision and its compliance with the established criteria, the mission and its compliance with the established criteria, availability of the formed Action Plan, visualization of the development strategy, consideration of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals in the strategy, preservation of the principle of decomposition and monitoring of the strategy implementation. The strategy of development of the territorial community can be characterized by low, medium and high levels of efficiency. The results of the expert assessment make it possible to determine the index of the effectiveness of the local community development strategy. Approbation of the developed methodology on the example of territorial communities of Ivano-Frankivsk district is carried out. Strategies for the development of the studied territorial communities are characterized by an average level of efficiency. The most common shortcomings of most strategies are lack of development scenarios, lack of mission and failure to take into account the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, and failure to take into account SMART criteria when setting operational goals. A methodical approach to assessing the effectiveness level of the strategy of development of the territorial community will increase the level of its effectiveness and increase the responsibility for the implementation of the strategy.

Two-dimensional full-field displacement reconstruction of lattice towers using data fusion method: Theoretical study and experimental validation

Full-field displacement measurement of lattice tower is very important for assessing its service conditions. However, most of the existing measurement techniques or reconstruction methods only can obtain the point-type displacement or not suitable for lattice tower. To fill this gap, this paper proposes a data fusion method to reconstruct two-dimensional full-field displacement of lattice tower via strain and acceleration. First, lattice tower was simplified to thin-walled variable-section cantilever beam, then full-field displacement is calculated from the strain based on strain decomposition and modal conversion principles, and a novel data fusion algorithm is developed to fuse the strain-derived displacement and acceleration to acquire more accurate results. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the numerical simulation of the transmission tower structure under wind loads, the results show that the full-field displacement can be calculated, and the reconstructed error of the highest point is only 1%. Then the parametric analysis illustrates that the proposed method has excellent performance under the influence of high sampling ratio or strong noise. The field measurements of the full-scale lattice tower are conducted to further verify the feasibility, and the results show that the reconstructed displacement value of the highest point differs from the observation value of the total station by a maximum of 5.4 mm, accounting for only 6% of the measured value.

Fault detection method of digital three-dimensional substation based on singular value decomposition

Abstract In the process of operation and maintenance of digital three-dimensional substation, affected by the fault feature extraction method, the anti-interference ability of the detection method is poor. Therefore, a digital three-dimensional substation fault detection method based on singular value decomposition is proposed. According to the digital twin five-dimensional concept, a three-dimensional management and control model of the substation is built, the real-time collected current signal is denoised, and then a new feature extraction method is designed by using the singular value decomposition theory, and the characteristic parameters of the fault signal are defined. Finally, the maximum wavelet singular value is calculated by combining the wavelet transformation method and the singular value decomposition principle. The fault detection is completed according to the mutation of singular value. The simulation experiment results show that the proposed fault detection method has improved the anti-interference ability by 44 and 86%. It is verified that the method proposed in this study has good fault detection effect, and provides auxiliary decision-making basis for relevant departments.