УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ЗАТРАТНЫМ МЕХАНИЗМОМ ИННОВАЦИОННЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ ОБРАБОТКИ ПОЧВЫ ДЛЯ АДАПТИВНО-ЛАНДШАФТНОГО ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛИЯ СИБИРИ

Abstract

Relevance. The efficiency of agricultural production is determined by internal and external conditions. When cultivating grain crops (GC), extensive technologies predominate using plowing, which is contrary to environmental principles and leads to soil degradation. The analysis shows that for the period from 1930 to 2020 y., the efficiency of plowing (CUA) decreased from 0.84 to 0.37: the highest efficiency was provided by units based on DT-54, and the smallest, corresponding to 0.37, was recorded for a unit with a K-744R3 tractor with a PML-8 plow -10. And the application of precision farming technologies, due to the lack of control theory, will require a long time. However, under certain prevailing conditions, the use of moldboard processing – plowing has positive aspects that provide an increase in the yield of grain crops. The time has come for a radical change in attitudes towards agriculture. We need innovative mechanical and technological solutions. The purpose of the work is to increase the efficiency of technologies for growing grain crops based on the establishment of relationships between the main technical and economic indicators that characterize the effectiveness of the use of innovative tillage processes in adaptive landscape agriculture in Siberia. Research methods. Analysis and synthesis, optimization methods, experimental research methods, as well as methodological principles, including the principle of decomposition and superposition, the principle of block-modularity, the Ashby principle, the principle of adaptation and flexibility of implemented mechanical and technological solutions. Results. With a deep scientific justification and methodological completeness, it is necessary for the recommended farming systems to carry out a rational distribution of the most common technologies. And in order to conduct expanded reproduction, ensured by the level of profitability of the SC at least 30%, a change in the ratio of fixed and variable costs is required. It has been established that this ratio should be increased by 1.64 times compared to the existing one. The use of the hyperbolic tangent function, which describes the relationship between tangential stresses and soil moisture, and its study for an extremum, made it possible to determine the rational structure of the main tillage of heavy and heavy loamy soil types. So, for a wet period, with W> 23%, plowing with share plows is recommended; favorable, W = 18 – 23% – non-moldboard processing by a flexible automated technological complex; arid, W<18% – minimal or no-moldboard layer-by-layer processing, differentiated by the golden ratio. Conclusions. Increasing the competitiveness of Russian agricultural products is possible only through innovative development, which requires not only a new methodological environment, but also a change in the mathematical apparatus. To conduct expanded reproduction at a profitability level of at least 30%, dependencies are proposed that allow determining a rational cost structure, as well as a rational structure of methods for the main processing of heavy and heavy loamy soil types, depending on their moisture content. Solving the problem of increasing the efficiency of domestic agricultural production, which has a variety of conditions, requires the creation of innovative types, both tractors and complexes of special agricultural equipment.