Decline In Revenues Research Articles

Regulating Powerful Platforms: Evidence from Commission Fee Caps

Owners of multi-sided platforms typically possess strong power over complementors. Such power asymmetry gives platform owners the edge on setting high platform fees to capture most of the surplus created on their platforms. While there is a heated debate on regulating these powerful platforms, the lack of empirical studies hinders the progress towards evidence-based policymaking. This research empirically investigates this regulatory issue in the context of on-demand delivery. Delivery platforms (e.g., DoorDash, Grubhub, and Uber Eats) charge restaurants a commission fee, which can be as high as 30% of the order amount. To support small businesses, recent regulatory scrutiny has attempted to cap the commission fees for independent restaurants. This research empirically evaluates the effects of platform fee regulations on restaurants, by investigating recent regulations across 14 cities and states in the United States. Our analyses show that independent restaurants in regulated cities (i.e., those paying reduced commission fees) experience a decline in orders and revenue, whereas chain restaurants (i.e., those paying the original fees) see an increase in orders and revenue. This intriguing finding suggests that chain restaurants, not independent restaurants, benefit from the regulations that were intended to support independent restaurants. We find that platforms’ responses to the regulations may explain the negative effects on independent restaurants. That is, after cities enact policies to cap platforms’ commission fees, delivery platforms become less likely to recommend independent restaurants to consumers, and instead turn to promote chain restaurants or nearby restaurants from non-regulated cities. Moreover, delivery platforms increase their delivery fees for consumers in regulated cities, suggesting that these platforms attempt to cover the loss of commission revenue by charging customers more. These findings provide empirical evidence for policymakers to evaluate the effectiveness of platform fee regulations.

ANALYSIS OF THE TOURISM SECTOR DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY DURING THE COVID 19 PANDEMIC IN THE CITY OF SABANG

Anticipating the spread of COVID-19, a number of tourist sites in various provinces in Indonesia are temporarily closed including in the province of Aceh. Aceh Province is a tourist destination that has cultural diversity and natural beauty to invite tourists to visit and witness it. The decline in the number of tourist visits in Indonesia certainly has a significant effect on the number of tourist visits in Aceh Province. The development of the tourism sector in the city of Sabang requires the right direction and strategy so that benefits for the regional economy remain profitable even in the midst of Covid 19. In the long term the sustainability of the tourism sector will depend on maintaining a balance between the interests of the economic aspect. This study aims to analyze the estimated value of the sector's economic losses. tourism, tourism sector development strategies and Sabang City government policies related to Tourism Areas during the COVID19 pandemic in Sabang City. This research is survey research with a qualitative approach, using SWOT. The sample in this study amounted to 62 respondents. The results of this study indicate that the value of the economic loss in the tourism sector in Sabang City is estimated at IDR 3,950,000,000 or only 41% of revenue before the COVID-19 pandemic. So the decline in tourism sector revenue due to COVID-19 was 59%. This loss is the value of lost revenue from tourism business actors including hotel managers and restaurant managers in the Sabang Island Tourism Area. The right strategy to be implemented in the development of the Sabang tourism sector is a diversification strategy (quadrant II). Alternative strategies that can be implemented are optimizing the use of social media as a means of promotion, collaborating with elements of the government, increasing access to financing for tourism business actors, increasing incentives for tourism business actors, airlines, travel agents, and promotions in the form of ticket discounts, providing incentives for group incentive trips/famtrips and promotions through influence Acceleration of infrastructure development in priority tourist destinations; Tourism promotions, exhibitions and events are gradually starting to be activated. One of the policies of the Sabang City Government regarding tourism sector policies is contained in Sabang Mayor Regulation Number 30 of 2020 concerning the application of discipline and health protocols as an effort to prevent and control the spread of the Covid virus which is quite effective in reducing the number of tourist visits to Sabang Island both at tourist attractions, hotels , and restaurants. Based on the results of this study, the authors suggest that the Sabang City Government can provide assistance to tourism business actors not only in the form of relief in paying taxes, but also in the form of direct financial assistance. The management of the tourism business is tightening and emphasizing the health protocol for visiting tourists in order to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Especially tourists coming from outside should be checked for the completeness of the letter not infected with the COVID-19 pandemic and the COVID-19 vaccine card. Requiring vaccinations for tourists so that tourism activities can continue during the COVID-19 pandemic with a lower possibility of COVID-19 infection.

Dynamics and optimal harvesting of prey–predator in a polluted environment in the presence of scavenger and pollution control

This paper is concerned with the dynamics and optimal harvesting of a prey–predator system in a polluted environment in the presence of scavengers and pollution control. Toxicants, released from external sources and the dead bodies of prey and predators, pollute the environment, which affects the growth of both prey and predators, resulting in a decline in the economic revenue from harvest. We assume that scavengers reduce pollution by consuming dead bodies. Further, we consider pollution reduction through depollution efforts as an alternative to enhancing revenue. We propose and analyze a prey–predator–pollutant model and study the optimal harvesting problem. We investigate the persistence of the ecosystem, and we solve the optimal harvest problem using Pontryagin’s maximum principle. The results indicate that uncontrolled prey harvesting and a high rate of pollution drive the system toward the extinction of both species. A moderate amount of pollution and the reasonable harvest efforts allow the system to persist. The optimal harvest strategy highlights that investing in pollution reduction enhances the persistence of the system as well as economic revenue. Numerical examples demonstrate the significant outcomes of the study.

YouTube Vs television in media convergence era: case study study on tonight show program presented by Net Mediatama

The use of the internet has become a habit among millennials lately. The products of these two media are television and YouTube. Presentation of content that is considered almost the same, namely using audio-visual media, YouTube is considered to be a new medium that will shift and even replace the existence of the television industry. In 2020, We are Social analysis said the number of YouTube users reached 2 billion each month. This has a significant impact on television, one of which is NET (News and Entertainment Television) that owned by PT NET Mediatama. The increasing number of YouTube viewers compared to declining television, NET experienced a decline in revenue in 2020, due to a continuous decrease in audience ratings with the number of sponsors obtained. As a conventional media, NET now has to compete with YouTube. The program that is the focus of this research is the Tonight Show, where the program is broadcast hybridly in terrestrial form and exclusively on YouTube streaming. The research was conducted using a constructivist paradigm and a qualitative approach with a case study method. Interviews with assistant producers of the Tonight Show became primary data and published interviews, media content and literature that examined the convergence of communication media and industry became secondary data. Based on research findings from a business point of view, convergence in the television industry can open up new professional opportunities, such as providing opportunities for television media managers to expand public choice, as has been implemented by the Tonight Show program with the Tonight Show Premiere. Even though YouTube viewers in Indonesia are increasing, the existence of the television industry still has its place, because exposure to television content can be felt by more people compared to YouTube, because not everyone can access the internet, especially in Indonesia.

The Implications of the Russia-Ukraine Conflict on International Banking

This study analyzes the implications of the Russia-Ukraine conflict on the international banking industry. The study establishes that the economic sanctions imposed on Russia have gravely affected the international banking sector. Primarily, the study highlights that the US government implemented a sanction that prohibits the Central Bank of Russia from using the US dollar for payments. This move has rendered all the reserves by the Russian government and its citizens, which are kept in US dollars worthless and inaccessible, leading to huge losses for domestic and international banks. Moreover, this study outlines that banning Russian financial institutions from using SWIFT has limited the financial payments that are being completed in the global banking sector between Russian consumers and companies, and other merchants across the world. This study also establishes that the withdrawal of services by Visa, MasterCard, American Express, and Paypal from the Russian economy as a protest against Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has led to a decline in revenues for international banks. As a measure to mitigate the adverse implications of economic sanctions on sovereign states in the future, the study suggests the adoption of diverse global payment systems such as CIPS and SPFS, which can cushion the international banking industry against the potential adverse effects of being denied the right to use the world's dominant currencies and the SWIFT messaging system to make payments.

Content analysis of tripadvisor reviews on safe tourism certified restaurants during the Covid-19 pandemic

Covid-19 outbreak, which emerged in December 2019, deeply affected the economies. During the Covid-19 outbreak, there was a significant decline in restaurant revenues, foreign currency inflows and employment. Moreover, the outbreak has caused radical changes in lifestyles and consumer behaviors. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the user comments on the TripAdvisor website regarding Safe Tourism Certified restaurants in Turkey during the Covid-19 outbreak. The universe considered in this study comprised users who ate at Safe Tourism Certified restaurants in Turkey and commented on the Tripadvisor website. The content analysis method, which is used in qualitative research methodologies, was applied. In this context, a total of 922 reviews for 98 Safe Tourism Certified restaurants on the Tripadvisor website over the period of 11 March 2020- 20 April 2022 were examined with the help of Nvivo 12 program. It was revealed that 80.6% of the customer comments were positive. The most emphasized factors in the comments were taste, price, attitude and behavior of the employee, view, food and beverage quality, cleanliness, punctuality, employee care and Covid-19 security measures. These findings can assist in understanding the nature of consumer perceptions during pandemic.

Advance Dynamic Panel Second-Generation Two-Step System Generalized Method of Movement Modeling: Applications in Economic Stability-Shadow Economy Nexus with a Special Case of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Applying an advance dynamic panel second-generation two-step system generalized method of movement modeling, this study endeavors to bridge the gap in the literature by examining the association between shadow economy and economic stability in multiple countries with a special case of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study has been motivated by the evidence that the shadow economy is a persistent source of the decline in tax revenue, which is the main source of funds for any economy to run welfare packages for the public. In addition, it also impacts the economy’s financial stability and amplifies the losses. Saudi Arabia is selected as a special case given its global significance and participation in the group of the fastest growing economies in the world. Thus, this study finds a negative association between the shadow economy and economic stability in the case of the full sample and a sub sample of Saudi Arabia. In other words, our study supports the point of view of those scholars who claim that the shadow economy is harmful to the economy. Based on the empirical findings, the study recommends that policymakers need to give importance to the shadow economy while formulating economic stability policies in the case of a full sample, especially in Saudi Arabia. Similarly, the robustness of the results is tested using different model specifications and alternative estimation techniques.

Impact of New Digital Media on Conventional Media and Visual Communication in Jordan

The purpose of the present research was to assess the impact of new digital media on conventional media and visual communication has been significant. Digital media has transformed how information is created, distributed, and consumed, and has profoundly affected traditional forms of media such as print newspapers, magazines, and television. One of the main ways that new digital media has affected traditional media is through the emergence of online platforms and social media. These platforms have allowed individuals and organizations to publish and share content with a global audience, often bypassing traditional gatekeepers such as editors and broadcasters. This has led to the democratization of media, as anyone with an internet connection can now potentially reach a large audience. Digital media has also led to the rise of new forms of visual communication, such as digital graphics, video, and animation. These forms of media allow for more interactive and immersive experiences and have become increasingly popular with audiences. In addition, digital media has also had an impact on the business models of traditional media organizations. Many have struggled to adapt to the shift towards digital advertising and subscriptions, leading to a decline in revenues and layoffs in some cases. It may be the case that the impact of new digital media on conventional media and visual communication has been significant and wide-reaching and will likely continue to shape the media landscape for years to come.

The ambivalent impact of COVID-19 on churches: The case of Nigeria

The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since November 2019 has increased the challenges of human existence. Before the pandemic there were the issues of insecurity, religious and racial bigotry, climate change, poverty and so forth, which to a large extent have affected humanity negatively. The lockdown, which was introduced as a measure to curb the spread of the virus, exacerbated the anguish of the already tense world. Suddenly, the government proscribed gatherings of people in large numbers, thereby suspending economic, cultural and social activities. The continued increase of the COVID-19 cases necessitated the shutdown of worship centres. It was the first time churches would be shut down in Nigeria. The incident provoked concerns and interests in public discourse and intellectual circles. Therefore, this study examines the effects of COVID-19 on churches, using a historical approach and basically depending on secondary sources from available literature and Internet sources of information. The findings show that it was the lockdown that affected the churches most, rather than the virus. The suspension of corporate worship, sacramental rites, evangelistic outreaches and pastoral visits posed a significant challenge to the churches, affecting members’ psychology and leading to a decline in church revenue and an increase in charity services. The study therefore recommends that churches be digitalised and house fellowships be revitalised.Contribution: Regardless of the impact the lockdown had on the churches, it conscientised them about the proper use of their personnel and material resources. Nowadays, churches do ministry differently, adapting to changing circumstances and harnessing divergent Christian concepts of faith and divine healing by combining science and faith in health-related theologies.

Social and Economic Importance of Forest Companies in Asian Russia: Evidence from Corporate Financial Reporting

In contrast with many other sectors of the Russian economy, there is low market concentration in the forest industry and, consequently, a large number of relatively small enterprises scattered throughout the world’s largest country. In many cases, logging or woodworking companies are the only or key employers in sparsely populated areas, making them important sources of the social and economic stability of small towns and rural settlements. In 2022, Russian forest companies faced dramatic barriers to international trade, which led to the suspension of production with the risk of further layoffs. Thus, the issue of social and economic importance of the forest business in Russia has gained additional sounding. This paper aims to estimate the decline in revenues and the number of employees in forestry companies in Asian Russia because of sanctions. Based on corporate accounting reports, we have generated a dataset covering 4675 forest industry companies in Asian Russia. We use quantile regression to estimate the impact of the number of employees on revenue. All companies were divided into quartiles by revenue and into 6 groups by type of economic activity. A significant differentiation of the return on the number of employees depending on the type of activity and the volume of firms’ revenues was found. Estimates of potential losses of companies during labor force reduction were obtained, which would be 1.2%–3.6% of revenue for a company from Q1, 2.2%–6.6% of revenue for Q2 and 2.7%–8.1% of revenue for Q3. The results clearly demonstrate that forest companies might be very interested in retaining a workforce, even if an opportunistic drop in product demand creates a financial shortfall. Policy makers should take this into account when shaping instruments to support the industry

The Impact of Trade Credit Provision on Retail Inventory: An Empirical Investigation Using Synthetic Controls

Trade credit is an important source of short-term financing and an integrated part in supply contracts. Although a number of theories have been proposed on how trade credit could improve supply chain efficiency, causal studies on the impact of trade credit on operational decisions are scarce. In this study, we examine the impact of trade credit on inventory decisions using an empirical strategy that leverages (i) an exogenous shock imparted by the French government’s intervention to impose a ceiling on trade credit duration, (ii) a triple difference-in-differences identification strategy, and (iii) synthetic controls (SCs). By considering the 60-day ceiling coverage and SC construction requirements, we identify four French retail sectors as our main sample. Among them, in the postregulation period, the hardware retail sector firms on average exhibited a significant 16% decline in trade credit usage. Correspondingly, these firms also displayed a significant 11% decline in inventory level. In the remaining three sectors, we found mixed results in the main sample. All the four sectors, however, show consistent support for a causal link between trade credit and inventory in a subsample compiled using a stringent 90-day ceiling criterion. Collectively, our findings offer direct evidence that trade credit is an indispensable financing source for inventory procurement. Finally, in the postregulation period, the hardware retailers exhibited a 15.5% decline in revenue and 3.5% reduction in gross profit. This cautions policy makers that regulations limiting the use of trade credit may have unintended consequences on downstream firms, and may harm overall supply chain efficiency. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management. Funding: This work was supported by Indiana University Bloomington and the London Business School. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4600 .

Research on the Investment Value of Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport Based on Multiples Valuation Method

Aviation has been an industry that has been widely watched by investors. As the upstream of the civil aviation industry chain, the airport industry is an important core asset of the entire industry chain, providing relevant services for global air transport companies and passengers. In recent years, China's aviation industry has been in a state of steady development. Until the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020, the market focus turned to the impact of the speed of passenger traffic recovery during the epidemic on the recovery of airport performance. For core hub airports, the priority is whether asset values have changed. This paper analyzes Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport in China, and studies whether the investment value of the airport is fair through financial analysis, peer comparison, and multiple valuation methods. The study found that the airport's overall revenue decline in the past two years was mainly due to the epidemic, but it has performed better compared to industry players. Through multiples valuation, the theoretical stock value of Baiyun Airport in 2021 is 16.19 CNY higher than the actual value. The result indicated that the company's stock was undervalued and has good room for growth in the future, suggesting a purchasing opportunity. It is hoped that the research in this paper can expand the research on related aspects of the private airport industry, and also provide some help and reference for the valuation research of Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport.

COVID-19 AND DATA: CRISIS MITIGATION TOOLS

The cultural and creative sector (CCS) is one of the hardest-hit sectors due to COVID-19. The rapid decline in audience and revenues makes it impossible to create and offer financially demanding cultural products and services. This will be a long- term effect – it will affect the supply and demand of cultural services for at least two to three years to come. A realistic forecast suggests that this period will be characterized by a narrowed audience market, a decline in the purchasing power of the population and reduced leverage of funding. Decisions about performances, productions and investments in new content can no longer rely on traditional audience behavioural patterns, historical demand data, or an organization’s institutional memory. Cultural institutions need to make decisions about the future without being able to predict it even two weeks ahead. The article examines the open data arrays available in Latvia on and the potential of their use in the cultural and creative sector to alleviate the crisis.

ANALYSIS OF MISALIGNED PROFITS AND TAX RISKS FROM AGGREGATED AND ANONYMISED COUNTRY-BY-COUNTRY REPORT

Indonesia faces a 15.6% decline in tax revenues due to the COVID-19 pandemics. As fiscal headroom tightens, the tolerance for international tax avoidance will decrease and globally untaxed income will be prioritised. As a part of 2020-2024 Strategic Plan, DGT intends to carry out tax administration reforms through the development of Compliance Risk Management (CRM). This study attempts to highlight the potential of Country-by-Country Report (CbCR) data to be used in CRM. We propose two methodologies to assess tax risks, using misaligned profits and OECD tax risk assessment indicators. In both measures, Australia, Cayman Islands, Iraq, Malaysia, Niger, and Singapore are flagged as risky jurisdictions, which could be used to inform CRM function to prioritize auditing affiliated party transaction related to these jurisdictions. The methodologies outlined here could also be replicated for individual CbCR data to create a risk profile that is more tailored to each MNE group.

Indonesian economic recession phenomenon post Covid-19 pandemic

The covid-19 pandemic caused the emergence of the economic recession phenomenon in Indonesia. This literature review article is used to find out various kinds of phenomena that appear marked by indicators of economic recession and the role of the government in issuing regulations or policies that have been in force in Indonesia in dealing with cases of COVID-19 and to see the impact of the economic recession phenomenon that occurred in Indonesia. Furthermore, prevent economic depression. The economic recession was marked by the weakening of the global economy, the decline in the marginal efficiency of capital, the high unemployment rate, the decline in exports and investment, as well as the decline in state revenues from taxes, and the lowering of the government's economic growth target. The government can prevent a recession from turning into a depression by issuing various policies to provide administrative convenience (permits) and taxes for capital owners (investors) to invest and build various projects by issuing massive budgets

Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 terhadap Penurunan Pendapatan Koran Sebagai Media Cetak Di PT. Top Metro Media Tahun 2020- 2021

The widespread spread of Covid-19 creates uncertainty about the speed of the world economy. Indonesia's economic growth in 2020 experienced a decline in the print media industry. This research uses a descriptive research methodology according to the type of research, methodology, context, and period of research. Descriptive research explains that: descriptive research is a research approach to examine an object, a set of conditions, a system of ideas, or a group of current events (Nazir, 2005: 54). Using data collection methods and time spans, the researcher collects all the important data set. Top metro media during the pandemic is now experiencing a lot of decline in print media buyers caused by the sophistication of technology that is increasingly rapid and developing which has resulted in print media not being bought or has begun to be no longer produced among people who often read print media, namely parents among teenagers / adults they choose technological sophistication, especially in print media which 2 (Two) Years ago experienced a very dramatic decline in sales and income from whichever party made the company experience a decline in revenue and reduced employees, in the first year of the Covid-19 Pandemic.

Home rule and municipal revenue stability: New evidence from Texas

AbstractScholars have long debated whether home rule powers help improve municipal financial well‐being; however, a consensus has yet to be reached. This study advances the home rule literature by causally estimating the impact of home rule in Texas on municipal revenue stability. To accomplish this, we employed a difference‐in‐differences estimator coupled with event‐study specifications on a 40‐year‐long panel data set. This approach revealed strong empirical evidence that cities adopting a home rule charter had a significant reduction in the probability of experiencing revenue decline. This finding remained robust with multiple measures of revenue change, an alternative sample, and different model specifications. Moreover, we found that home rule cities’ revenue stability was likely to come from their increase in property taxes.

System Dynamics Based Analysis of Oil and Gas Supply Chain Disruptions During COVID-19

COVID-19 has shocked global humanity and forced the world for continued lockdown and sudden economic turmoil. The oil and gas (O&G) sectors have experienced a nearly catastrophic besides undergoing supply–demand stalemate and free fall of crude price. Such an unbalance has impacted the supply chain of the O&G industry, having diverse <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">“Hotspots</i> .” Besides the growth of green energy, the oil sector contributes significantly to the energy security for the majority of the countries. Hence, the O&G sector needs to consider resilience strategies against such hotspots critically. This article has identified such critical hotspots and analyzed their moderation by developing a Systems Thinking for Education and Research software model with system dynamics (SD) approach. The SD model is simulated with the data input of crude price, forecast demand, and strategy for the upcoming fiscal years. The Indian O&G sector is chosen as a case study; however, globally, the uniformity of the O&G supply chain could be effectively applied. The results indicate a drastic decline in production, revenue, sustainability, and net profits, though the critical resilience strategies are suggested. Despite a comprehensive exhibit of difficulties, the oil industry is expected to stay innovative, resilient, and compelling and eventually balances the slump as economic situations improve.

Fiscal Federalism and Public Spending: Implications of Revenue Deficits on Expenditure Patterns of Government in Nigeria

Fiscal decentralization has become fashionable regardless of the levels of development and civilization of societies. Nations are turning to devolution to improve the performance of their public sectors. Fiscal federalism is concerned with the allocation of government resources, tax-raising powers, and spending powers to the various tiers of government. Despite the existing fiscal arrangement in the country, backed by the constitution, revenue deficits continue to impede government performance at all levels. The study aims to assess the impact of fiscal federalism on the structure of public spending in Nigeria. Friedman's theory of public expenditure was used as the theoretical underpinning of the study. The study adopted a mixed methodological approach to carry out the investigation. Documentary sources were used for data collection, while data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and content analysis. Findings of the study revealed that revenue yields had continued to dwindle in Nigeria at both national and sub-national levels between 2011 and 2021. The decline in government revenue yields was factored in by the fall in global oil prices and the lethargic nature of the non-oil sector. The study also established that the consequence of the feeble revenue base was that resultant government spending was directed more towards financing recurrent expenditure at the detriment of capital expenditure, thus crippling the drive to spur economic development. The study recommends that it is critical for the government to: Obliterate the present monolithic oil economy by emphasizing economic diversification to boost the financial base of the country and Prioritize public spending in favor of capital expenditure to propel economic growth and development.

Business Survival in Times of COVID-19: Empirical Evidence from Tourism Enterprises in Thailand

The impact of COVID-19 has been extensively explored, but little research has been conducted on its impact on business sector adaption. This study analyses business adaptation and business survival in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic by focusing on tourism enterprises in Thailand as a case study. Based on a survey of 316 tourism enterprises taken during the pandemic, the survey found that the pandemic resulted in the decline in revenues of most enterprises, and more than half of businesses tried to survive by reducing wages, reducing the number of branches and cutting back on store-opening hours. Using the Cox Proportional Hazard Model to predict length of business survival from the pandemic, it was found that most enterprises were unable to survive for more than 6 months (after the survey). Survival was found to be shorter in areas and business sectors that relied mainly on foreign tourists. Therefore, as for business implications, the traditional business model should be adapted to meet the needs of tourists in their new post-COVID lifestyles. In addition, tourism businesses need to focus on human resource management. Moreover, each type of tourism business needs to adapt its service model in different ways in order to meet the challenges of catering to a new normal.