Decision Stage Research Articles

Regulating PCD in plant cells: Intracellular acidification plays a pivotal role together with calcium signaling.

Programmed cell death (PCD) occurs in different tissues in response to a number of different signals in plant cells. Drawing from work in several different contexts, including root cap cell differentiation, plant response to biotic and abiotic stress, and some self-incompatibility (SI) systems, the data suggest that, despite differences, there are underlying commonalities in early decision-making stages of PCD. Here, we focus on how two cellular events, increased [Ca2+]cyt levels and cytosolic acidification, appear to act as early signals involved in regulating both developmental- and stimulus-induced PCD in plant cells.

The impact of task measurements on sequential dependence: a comparison between temporal reproduction and discrimination tasks.

Decisions about a current stimulus are influenced by previously encountered stimuli, leading to sequential bias. However, the specific processing levels at which serial dependence emerges remain unclear. Despite considerable evidence pointing to contributions from perceptual and post-perceptual processes, as well as response carryover effects impacting subsequent judgments, research into how different task measurements affect sequential dependencies is limited. To address this gap, the present study investigated the role of task type in shaping sequential effects in time perception, employing a random-dot kinematogram (RDK) in a post-cue paradigm. Participants had to remember both the duration and the direction of the RDK movement and perform the task based on a post-cue, which was equally likely to be direction or duration. To delineate the task type, we employed the temporal bisection task in Experiment 1 and the duration reproduction task in Experiment 2. Both experiments revealed a significant sequential bias: durations were perceived as longer following longer previous durations, and vice versa. Intriguingly, the sequential effect was enhanced in the reproduction task following the same reproduction task (Experiment 2), but did not show significant variation by the task type in the bisection task (Experiment 1). Moreover, comparable response carryover effects were observed across two experiments. We argue that the differential impacts of task types on sequential dependence lies in the involvement of memory reactivation process in the decision stage, while the post-decision response carryover effect may reflect the assimilation by subjective, rather than objective, durations, potentially linking to the sticky pacemaker rate and/or decisional inertia.

Analysis of the Use of Qris as Social Change Among Students

Background: This research aims to analyze the use of QRIS as an alternative to digital payments at Hasanuddin University, explore the factors influencing its adoption among students, and provide recommendations for increasing its implementation, while assessing social changes related to the shift from cash to digital money. Objective: This research aims to describe Hasanuddin University students' awareness of the use of QRIS as a digital payment solution and analyze the social changes that occur as a result of the use of QRIS among students. Method: This research uses a quantitative approach with descriptive research type. The population in this study were students registered in the Hasanuddin University FISIP Sociology Masters Program, and the sampling technique in this study was a probability sampling method with types. The type of method used was total sampling where the sample size was the same as the population with the number of research samples being 86 person. Results: The results of this research show that: first, the level of awareness of Hasanuddin University FISIP Masters students regarding the use of the QRIS application as a transaction method is in the "Enough" category with a TCR of 60.093; second, QRIS functions as a social fact that maintains social order by reducing criminal acts and building trust between individuals; third, there are five stages of the innovation diffusion process in the practice of using the QRIS application among students, namely the stages of introduction, persuasion, decision, implementation, and confirmation. Conclusion: Digital awareness in the use of the QRIS application among students of the Master of Sociology FISIP University of Hasanuddin involves seven main aspects: Posthumanism, Human-Machine Interaction, Digital Aesthetics, Fluidity of Identity and Consciousness, Technology and the Evolution of Consciousness, Transcendence of Physical Boundaries, and Interdisciplinarity.

A Self-Learning Hyper-Heuristic Algorithm Based on a Genetic Algorithm: A Case Study on Prefabricated Modular Cabin Unit Logistics Scheduling in a Cruise Ship Manufacturer.

Hyper-heuristic algorithms are known for their flexibility and efficiency, making them suitable for solving engineering optimization problems with complex constraints. This paper introduces a self-learning hyper-heuristic algorithm based on a genetic algorithm (GA-SLHH) designed to tackle the logistics scheduling problem of prefabricated modular cabin units (PMCUs) in cruise ships. This problem can be regarded as a multi-objective fuzzy logistics collaborative scheduling problem. Hyper-heuristic algorithms effectively avoid the extensive evaluation and repair of infeasible solutions during the iterative process, which is a common issue in meta-heuristic algorithms. The GA-SLHH employs a genetic algorithm combined with a self-learning strategy as its high-level strategy (HLS), optimizing low-level heuristics (LLHs) while uncovering potential relationships between adjacent decision-making stages. LLHs utilize classic scheduling rules as solution support. Multiple sets of numerical experiments demonstrate that the GA-SLHH exhibits a stronger comprehensive optimization ability and stability when solving this problem. Finally, the validity of the GA-SLHH in addressing real-world decision-making issues in cruise ship manufacturing companies is validated through practical enterprise cases. The results of a practical enterprise case show that the scheme solved using the proposed GA-SLHH can reduce the transportation time by up to 37%.

Understanding the digital customer journey of Indonesian full service restaurants in sourcing food suppliers

This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the needs, preferences, and behaviors of its target market in the Indonesian full-service restaurant (FSR) sector. Firstly, it seeks to map the customer journey of FSRs in the food supplies purchasing process, identifying key touchpoints, brand awareness levels, information sources, and factors influencing brand choice. Secondly, it evaluates the effectiveness of various digital marketing channels, such as social media advertising, search engine marketing, and email marketing, by analyzing cost-per-lead and conversion rates to identify the most efficient channels for acquiring new FSR customers for PT MBI. Finally, the research intends to develop a data-driven digital marketing strategy that optimizes customer interactions, enhance brand visibility, and improve lead generation at each decision-making stage to drive sales conversions and increase customer lifetime value. The results of this study show that the current focus of PTXYZin the FSR segment lies between two segments: Relationship-Driven Traditionalists and Hybrid Decision-Makers.

Capacitated multi-item multi-echelon lot sizing with setup carry-over under uncertain demand

This study focuses on the lot sizing problem with setup carry-over in multi-item multi-echelon capacitated production systems under uncertain customer demand for end items, as well as components. We investigate budget-uncertainty robust optimization and scenario-based stochastic programming, to address the uncertainty in customer demand. Three modeling strategies are proposed within the stochastic programming framework, exploring different decision stages for setup carry-over and production quantities. In our examination of the robust model, we explore different robustness parameters, specifically the uncertainty budget and the variation interval. Extensive numerical experiments are conducted to compare the average and worst case performance of the models on out-of-sample scenarios. We fit conditional inference trees to the evaluation results and predict the suitability of robust and stochastic approaches for the test instances based on their problem characteristics. The findings provide valuable insights, potentially enabling decision makers to estimate the most appropriate approach based on certain characteristics of the lot sizing problem that is addressed. Moreover they highlight the importance of choosing appropriate robustness parameters for robust optimization models and emphasize the value of flexibility in carry-over and quantity decisions.

TIAM COFFEE SHOP MARKETING STRATEGY USING THE SWOT ANALYSIS METHOD

The aim of this research is to find out the SWOT matrix (IFAS and EFAS) at Kedai Kopi Tiam and find out alternative marketing strategies. This research uses the SWOT analysis method, namely strategic planning which is used to evaluate strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The SWOT model used in this research is a strategy for formulating an analytical framework which is divided into 3 stages, namely the input stage, matching stage and decision stage. Based on the results of the data analysis obtained, it was concluded that Kedai Kopi Tiam occupies quadrant I, which means the company is growing and developing. In this strategy, of course Kedai Kopi Tiam must maintain its strengths and take advantage of existing opportunities to avoid external threats and weaknesses within the company.

ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY-OF-LIFE INDICATORS IN OPERATED AND NON-OPERATED PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM IN A COMPARATIVE ASPECT AT DIFFERENT TIMES

ВЕСТНИК СОВРЕМЕННОЙ КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ 2024 Том 17, вып. 4 127ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ © K.К. Nasirova, N.T. Rikhsieva, Y.M. Urmanova, G.D. Narimova, O.К. Saitmuratova, R.T. Кhаydarova, 2024 УДК:7696.332-796.422.12/16:796.92-519.63 DOI: 10.20969/VSKM.2024.17(4).127-134 ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY-OF-LIFE INDICATORS IN OPERATED AND NON-OPERATED PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM IN A COMPARATIVE ASPECT AT DIFFERENT TIMES NASIROVA KHURSHIDAХON К., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-8104-5037, Dr. sc. med., Head of the Department of Endocrinology, Pediatric Endocrinology, Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute, 223 Bogishamol str., 100140 Tashkent, Uzbekistan. E-mail: hursh77@mail.ru RIKHSIEVA NAZIRA T., ORCID ID: 0000-0001-9790-1208, Cand. sc. med., Associate Professor at the Department of Endocrinology, Pediatric Endocrinology, Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute, 223 Bogishamol str., 100140 Tashkent, Uzbekistan. E-mail: nazirarikhsieva1507@gmail.com URMANOVA YULDUZ M., ORCID ID: 0000-0001-9776-053X, Dr. sc. med., Professor at the Department of Endocrinology, Pediatric Endocrinology, Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute, 223 Bogishamol str., 100140 Tashkent, Uzbekistan. E-mail: yulduz.urmanova@mail.ru NARIMOVA GULCHEHRA D., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-1831-3633, Dr. sc. med., Head of the Department of Integrative and Preventive Endocrinology, Deputy Chief Physician, Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Endocrinology named after Acad. Yo. Kh. Turakulov, 103 Mirzo Ulugbek str., Mirzo Ulugbek District, 100047 Tashkent, Uzbekistan. E-mail: mail@tashpmi.uz SAITMURATOVA OGULDZHAN Kh., ORCID ID: 0000-0002-7807-9463, Dr. sc. med., Professor at the Department of Histology and Pathological Physiology, Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute, 223 Bogishamol str., 100140 Tashkent, Uzbekistan. E-mail: oguljon@inbox.ru KHAIDAROVA RAVSHANOY T., ORCID ID: 0009-0000-0173-5162, Cand. sc. med., Associate Professor at the Department of Endocrinology, Center for Developing Medical Professionals’ Vocational Qualifications at the Health Ministry of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 51 Parkent str., 100007 Tashkent, Uzbekistan. E-mail: mail@tashpmi.uz Abstract. Introduction. The clinical picture of primary hyperparathyroidism has changed over the past decades, mainly due to the early detection of hypercalcemia, and often occurs as an asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic disease. Aim. This study aims to evaluate the quality-of-life indicators in operated and non-operated patients with primary hyperparathyroidism in a comparative aspect at various times. Materials and Methods. The present study deals with the results of treatment of children who applied to the clinic of the specialized scientific and practical medical center of endocrinology in 2012-2022, 103 children with suspected primary hyperparathyroidism were examined according to anamnesis, outpatient cards, and detailed procedure reports. From among them, 90 children and adolescents with primary hyperparathyroidism were selected, where 50 patients are in the 1st group (after surgery) and 40 children and adolescences with primary hyperparathyroidism are in the 2nd group (no surgery). Numerical values obtained as a result of scientific research were statistically processed using MS Excel, arithmetic mean (M), mean standard error (m), standard deviation (Ϭ), relative values (% agreement), and Student’s t-test (t). Results and Discussion. It was found that the quality-of-life indicators in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were significantly lower than in the control group, to a greater extent due to pain, general health, social functioning, and vitality (p<0.05). Thus, in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism before surgery, a significant violation of both: the physical and mental components of the quality-of-life was established. Further, in the 1st group of patients with surgical treatment, in dynamics after 3 and 6 months, all quality-of-life indicators according to SF-36 were significantly closer to the control group in all domains. In the 2nd group of patients with conservative treatment in dynamics after 3, 6, 12 months and 10 years, all quality- of-life indicators according to SF-36 remained significantly lower than in the control group in all domains and did not change significantly. Conclusions. The results obtained demonstrate the positive effect of surgical treatment from the patient’s point of view and confirm the feasibility of assessing the quality of life both at the decision-making stage when choosing a surgical approach, and as part of a comprehensive assessment of the therapy effectiveness in determining the recovery degree of various functioning aspects in patients after surgery.

ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY-OF-LIFE INDICATORS IN OPERATED AND NON-OPERATED PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM IN A COMPARATIVE ASPECT AT DIFFERENT TIMES

Abstract. Introduction. The clinical picture of primary hyperparathyroidism has changed over the past decades, mainly due to the early detection of hypercalcemia, and often occurs as an asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic disease. Aim. This study aims to evaluate the quality-of-life indicators in operated and non-operated patients with primary hyperparathyroidism in a comparative aspect at various times. Materials and Methods. The present study deals with the results of treatment of children who applied to the clinic of the specialized scientific and practical medical center of endocrinology in 2012-2022, 103 children with suspected primary hyperparathyroidism were examined according to anamnesis, outpatient cards, and detailed procedure reports. From among them, 90 children and adolescents with primary hyperparathyroidism were selected, where 50 patients are in the 1st group (after surgery) and 40 children and adolescences with primary hyperparathyroidism are in the 2nd group (no surgery). Numerical values obtained as a result of scientific research were statistically processed using MS Excel, arithmetic mean (M), mean standard error (m), standard deviation (Ϭ), relative values (% agreement), and Student’s t-test (t). Results and Discussion. It was found that the quality-of-life indicators in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were significantly lower than in the control group, to a greater extent due to pain, general health, social functioning, and vitality (p<0.05). Thus, in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism before surgery, a significant violation of both: the physical and mental components of the quality-of-life was established. Further, in the 1st group of patients with surgical treatment, in dynamics after 3 and 6 months, all quality-of-life indicators according to SF-36 were significantly closer to the control group in all domains. In the 2nd group of patients with conservative treatment in dynamics after 3, 6, 12 months and 10 years, all quality- of-life indicators according to SF-36 remained significantly lower than in the control group in all domains and did not change significantly. Conclusions. The results obtained demonstrate the positive effect of surgical treatment from the patient’s point of view and confirm the feasibility of assessing the quality of life both at the decision-making stage when choosing a surgical approach, and as part of a comprehensive assessment of the therapy effectiveness in determining the recovery degree of various functioning aspects in patients after surgery.

Navigating Blockchain Adoption: An Examination of Actor Alignment with Diffusion of Innovation Principles

Blockchain technology has garnered substantial interest due to its capacity to transform numerous industries by amplifying transparency and bolstering security measures. Despite the increasing interest, there is a void in existing literature regarding the alignment of actors with the diffusion of innovation principles in the context of blockchain adoption. This gap restricts comprehension of the factors influencing adoption. This research addressed this void by investigating how actors align with the diffusion of innovation principles in making decisions about blockchain adoption. Diffusion of innovation model was combined with the innovation translation concept derived from Actor-Network Theory to explore these complex dynamics in more detail. The results indicate that the decision-making process for blockchain adoption corresponds to knowledge, persuasion, and decision stages, mirroring the phases found in the innovation translation approach. This research offers theoretical insights and practical knowledge that can be beneficial to individuals and organisations looking to promote a successful implementation of blockchain technology.

CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE AND ROLE IN BEHAVIORAL INTENTIONS CASE STUDY FOR CUSTOMERS OF TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS

The current research aims to study the customer's experience and their role in behavioral intentions in some tourism organizations. This study enriches understanding by providing an overview of the evidence of the customer's experience and its role in the behavioral intentions of a sample of customers. The customer's experience is distinctive at different stages of consumer decision-making, behavioral intentions, and decision-making. The sample amount of the study was (145) samples. The statistical program Spss v.26 and Amos v.26 were used for data analysis. The results showed a correlation between the variable customer experience in its (sensory experience, emotional experience and social experience) dimensions and behavioral intentions and the practical results showed an impact of the variable customer experience in behavioral intentions. The customer experience contributes to the orientation of customers' behavioral intentions, benefiting the Organization and maintaining customer loyalty. Moreover, their non-transfer to competing organizations and the achievement of the competitive advantage.

Research on the evaluation method of whole process engineering consulting service modes based on uncertain multiple-attribute group decision-making

With the continuous development of the economy and society, the engineering construction industry has experienced rapid growth, and higher requirements have been put forward for engineering consulting services. Currently, most engineering consulting service enterprises in China only provide relevant consulting services for engineering construction at a certain stage, lacking overall planning and overall control over the entire lifecycle of engineering construction. In order to improve the scientific level of fixed assets investment decision-making and construction management, it is of great value to explore professional engineering consulting services covering the whole process of project construction in the project decision-making stage and implementation stage to achieve the optimization of project quality and economic benefits. The whole process engineering consulting service modes (ECSM) evaluation is a multiple-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM). Recently, the TODIM technique and MACONT technique was created to put forward MAGDM. The interval neutrosophic sets (INSs) are created as a tool for managing fuzzy information during the whole process ECSM evaluation. In this work, the interval neutrosophic number TODIM-MACONT (INN-TODIM-MACONT) technique is created to put forward the MAGDM under INSs. Finally, a numerical analysis for whole process ECSM evaluation is given to validate the proposed technique. The main contributions are outlined: (1) the TODIM and MACONT technique was enhanced under INSs; (2) Information Entropy is created to conduct the weight information under INSs. (3) the INN-TODIM-MACONT technique is created to implement the MAGDM under INSs; (4) a numerical example for whole process ECSM evaluation and some comparative analysis is created to verify the INN-TODIM-MACONT technique.

Team Decision-making Interaction and Performance: A Behavioral Process-based Relationship Study

This study combined the dual perspectives of team interaction and decision-making stages. Based on 22,654 behavioral units from 20 four-person teams, we developed a team decision-making process model encompassing goal-driven patterns, information sharing, knowledge integration, and decision-making transition. Additionally, we found that high-performance teams engage more in exploratory discussions, timely summarization, and conflict coordination mechanisms, compared to low-performance teams. We summarize the specific interactions that are beneficial and harmful to decision-making performance. This study supplements previous research on team interaction during the decision-making stage and expands the nuanced understanding of how team interactions affect decision-making performance.

Nordic biogas model in international contexts: Early-stage decision support for adaptation.

Global waste management challenges demand innovative and multi-functional solutions. The Nordic Biogas Model (NBM) based on anaerobic digestion of organic waste and valorization of its outputs provides several benefits beyond waste treatment such as energy recovery, nutrient recycling and climate impact mitigation. Despite these benefits, its international adoption remains limited, revealing an implementation gap. One way to address this gap is to adapt technology and knowledge from the provider to each specific context. This involves the embedding of the technology into the local context and the development of conditions such as formal and informal institutions over time. Based on decade-long interactions with Nordic companies and municipal decision-makers, we highlight the importance of communication between the technology provider and potential adopter, to ensure that the diverse sustainability benefits of NBM are acknowledged. Furthermore, most provider companies can benefit from a systematic guideline that supports early-stage decision-making as an essential component of the adaptation and implementation of the NBM in diverse international contexts. In this article, we offer suggestions for both: (1) how to better communicate the sustainability benefits of the NBM, and (2) how to assess the risk and opportunities of entering new markets at the early stages of decision-making.

The influence of management decisions on the process of procurement for public needs

The author considers the issues of defining procurement in the Russian Federation and analyzes certain scientific legal positions devoted to the genesis of the institute of procurement for public needs. The author analyzes the opinions of scientists on the issue of division into stages and classification of these stages of procurement for public needs at which management decisions are made. Based on the analysis, the author attempts to formulate a definition of procurement for public needs. The author analyzes the fact of the influence of a managerial decision on the procurement process for public needs, proposes a classification of the stages of managerial decision-making in procurement, analyzes the relationship between managerial decisions and the results of procurement. According to the results of the study, the author justified the opinion that the adoption of each of the management decisions directly affects both the implementation of the subsequent stages and the result of the procurement for public needs as a whole.

A taxonomy of demand-driven questions for use by evidence producers, intermediaries and decision-makers: results from a cross-sectional survey

BackgroundGlobally, a growing number of calls to formalize and strengthen evidence-support systems have been released, all of which emphasize the importance of evidence-informed decision making. To achieve this, it is critical that evidence producers and decision-makers interact, and that decision-makers’ evidence needs can be efficiently translated into questions to which evidence producers can respond. This paper aims to create a taxonomy of demand-driven questions for use by evidence producers, intermediaries (i.e., people working in between researchers and decision-makers) and decision-makers.MethodsWe conducted a global cross-sectional survey of units providing some type of evidence support at the explicit request of decision-makers. Unit representatives were invited to answer an online questionnaire where they were asked to provide a list of the questions that they have addressed through their evidence-support mechanism. Descriptive analyses were used to analyze the survey responses, while the questions collected from each unit were iteratively analyzed to create a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of types of questions that can be answered with some form of evidence.ResultsTwenty-nine individuals completed the questionnaire, and more than 250 submitted questions were analysed to create a taxonomy of 41 different types of demand-driven questions. These 41 questions were organized by the goal to be achieved, and the goals were grouped in the four decision-making stages (i) clarifying a societal problem, its causes and potential impacts; (ii) finding and selecting options to address a problem; (iii) implementing or scaling-up an option; and (iv) monitoring implementation and evaluating impacts.ConclusionThe mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of demand-driven questions will help decision-makers (to ask and prioritize questions), evidence producers (to organize and present their work), and evidence-intermediaries (to connect evidence needs with evidence supply).

Formulation of Risk Management Strategy for Sharia Mortgage Products during the Covid-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the development of the world economy, including the banking and financial services industry. One of the financing products at Bank BTN Syariah is the Home Ownership Financing-Mortgage (Sharia KPR), where the more financing funds are channeled, of course, the greater the potential for risk. The purpose of this study was to formulate a risk management strategy for Sharia KPR products that Bank BTN Syariah KC Bekasi can use during the Covid-19 pandemic. To analyze and develop the bank strategy, we use the Grand Strategy Matrix method by blending internal and external factors, where the analysis and strategy selection process is divided into three stages: Input stage, matching stage, and Decision stage. The results of the study showed that several internal and external factors occur in Bank BTN Sharia KC Bekasi that affect the development of Sharia KPR products; Bank BTN applies risk management based on the 5C principle to minimize the occurrence of risks that may occur. Managerial implications of this research are credit risk management, management, increased risk monitoring, effective communication, product innovation, conducting education and training, and Sharia compliance.

Cognitive Principles for Remote Condition Monitoring Applied to a Rail Pantograph System

Remote condition monitoring (RCM) aims to ensure the availability of railway assets. Previous work has indicated the importance of a user-centred RCM design approach based on cognitive principles, but there has been no known demonstration of the application of these principles. The following paper takes this theory-based approach and applies it to the design of an RCM system for the rail pantograph/Overhead Line (OHL) system. The paper first presents a high-level conceptual architecture, based on four stages of cognitive decision-making (notification, acceptance, analysis and clearance), linked to the wider monitoring architecture. Second, the paper uses cognitive principles to propose demonstration Human–Machine Interface designs for the OHL system. These HMIs were presented in an evaluation with subject matter experts. The outcomes of the process generated user-centred design recommendations for RCM. Furthermore, the evaluation suggested the importance of multiple paths through the HMI dependent on the type and urgency of fault. Finally, the outcomes of the evaluation also highlighted the importance of considering context when deploying user-centred RCM.

학교폭력 사안 처리 제도에 관한 연구

The School Violence Countermeasures Review Committee is held for the purpose of fostering students into healthy members of society through the protection of the victims and the guidance and education of the perpetrators. Currently, there are many problems before the school violence case is received and the council's action is decided. For example, after receiving a case of school violence, an administrative lawsuit will be filed if the victim, the perpetrator, or the parents take a sensitive attitude toward the other student, or if they do not agree to the action by notifying the students or parents of the School Violence Countermeasures Review Committee in writing. In this study, we intend to derive problems that are currently occurring at each stage of the school violence case handling process and seek improvement measures. To this end, a survey was conducted on the members of the school violence council on their perception of problems occurring in the school violence case handling system. The collected questionnaire data was classified into open coding, axis coding, and selective coding based on the statements of the study subjects, and the analysis data was categorized into the stages of the school violence case handling system. Finally, problems were derived based on the categorized contents. First, it was found that the initial problem of receiving school violence and checking the facts was insufficient to guide the victims, perpetrators, and guardians on the process of handling the case after receiving school violence. In addition, psychological counseling was not provided to the victim during the initial investigation process, and the perpetrator was branded as a separate measure from the victim. Second, the problem in the investigation stage of the school violence case was that the investigation into the victim and the perpetrator was delayed, and the attachment of witness statements related to the case was insufficient. In other words, it was found that there was a lack of objective data collection to support the statements of students on both sides. Third, even the smallest matter for the principal to draw conclusions was often referred to the council, and problems often occurred at the deliberation of a dedicated agency and the principal's own decision stage. Fourth, in the process of deliberating on school violence, it was found that it was difficult to judge the case and decide on action when the statements and evidence collected during the first and second investigations were insufficient. This study has a limitation in that it only collects opinions from some local deliberators. However, this study is meaningful in that it derives problems and suggests alternatives to the school violence case handling system.

Development of a model of the information and analytical system for making decisions on detecting failures of information transmission channels

The object of the research is the channels of information transmission during the control of the information-analytical decision-making system. The development of high technologies and computing capabilities ensures the evolutionary development of smart technologies and socio-cyber-physical systems on the one hand. On the other hand, it forms the integration of targeted (mixed) attacks with the possibility of integration with social engineering methods. In addition, mobile technologies significantly increase the possibilities of data transmission speed. However, this only provides the authentication service, which does not provide a full range of security services. Under such conditions, an urgent task at the decision-making stage is the use of auxiliary systems that ensure the adequacy of decisions and the promptness of their adoption. The proposed mathematical model of the information and analytical system allows to calculate the main technical characteristics of information transmission channels and identify their possible failures. The use of an information and analytical system simplifies the decision-making process, allows to increase the reliability of such decisions due to an increase in the level of automation. Increasing the level of automation in the decision-making process removes subjective factors and the decision depends on the availability of information. Therefore, the reliability of the information transmission channels of the information and analytical system significantly affects the quality of the decisions made. The developed model allows to ensure the required level of reliability of information transmission channels. The obtained results are explained by determining the dependence between the parameters of the information and analytical system and their influence on the quality of information transmission through channels. The results of the study can be used in practice when considering systems with a limited number of states during operation