Decentralized Research Articles

The analysis of spatial-temporal evolution and the relationship between regional factor market segmentation and factors allocation efficiency

This paper reviewed and evaluated the mobility level and the allocation efficiency of China's regional factors. Based on the revised global reference price analysis method, this paper applied nonparametric DEA- Hybrid model to evaluate the segmentation level of factor market and factors allocation efficiency in 29 provinces of China. Furthermore, the panel data of each province from 1998 to 2012 was used to construct the comprehensive weight matrix of geography distance and economy scale, and then empirical analysis through spatial Durbin model was carried out to analyze the influence of regional factor market segmentation on factors allocation efficiency. The study figured out the segmentation of factor market in China's three major economic regions, which experienced a drastic fluctuation from 1998 to 2012, and the segmentation level of factor market is lower in the eastern region compared with that in the central and western regions. The segmentation of regional factor market has negative distortion impact on the factors allocation efficiency with significant spatial spillover effect, which could be inhibited by moderate fiscal decentralization. The "beggar- thy- neighbor" strategy will not only lead to the drop of their own efficiency, but also gradually widen the gap of regional factor allocation efficiency and even degenerate the region to the "Economic Basin" in the national economic development. Moreover, the high proportion of state- owned economy, the optimization of industrial structure, the transportation infrastructure and the foreign direct investment could improve the allocative efficiency of regional factors significantly, while it remains obscure to judge the impact on the promotion of efficiency of opening. Researches on factor market segmentation and efficiency distortion of factors allocation provide great policy enlightenment for deepening the reform in a comprehensive way. It is critical to release a new round of reform dividend so as to accelerate the integration process of domestic factor market and promote trans-regional free flow of different factors. Therefore, emphasis should be placed to remove the barriers among regional factor markets and to give full play to the decisive role of market in allocating resources to improve the allocation efficiency of regional factors.

Slovakia as Decentralization Champion: Reality or Myth?

(2015). Slovakia as Decentralization Champion: Reality or Myth? Regions Magazine: Vol. 298, No. 1, pp. 14-16.

Wirkungen föderaler Strukturen auf die staatliche Innovationsförderung

Viele Mitgliedstaaten der Europaischen Union vergeben staatliche Innovationshilfen, um die Innovationstatigkeit von Unternehmen anzuregen. Abhangig davon, ob die Forderung auf der Ebene der Lander, des Bundes oder der Europaischen Union angesiedelt ist, werden unterschiedliche Effekte erzielt. Da jedoch wenige Analysen zur Zielerreichung der unterschiedlichen Programmebenen vorliegen, wird hier untersucht, welche Effekte sich durch foderale Strukturen auf die Vielfalt der geforderten Unternehmen und auf die Effektivitat der Forderung ergeben.

Processo de mudança da cultura organizacional na construção de uma empresa co-criativa: Um estudo de caso na multinacional GE Healthcare

The article seeks to identify the methods and obstacles in the process of cultural change when adopting co-creative procedures. The study analyses the multinational GE Healthcare, which has implemented a global value co-creation strategy named “healthymagination”. A conceptual framework for value co-creation and Prahalad and Ramaswamy’s (2004) principles of co-creation were used as a theoretical base. A case study method was used that included monitoring techniques and open semi-structured interviews. The results indicate that a decentralised power structure and a culture open to change facilitate the use of various mechanisms. The obstacles faced by the organisation include enabling a collaborative flow and applying this new mind-set among management and all potential co-creators within the company.

The Missed Puzzle Piece For Economic Transition Success

Economic Transition has been an agenda since decades, Eastern Europe countries began their process of transition after the fall of Soviet Union. Economic transition refers to the process that shift from centrally planned economy to market economy aiming at improving the economic performance of the country. Moreover, political economics argument explains that the suitable political strategy to improve economic performance, should not be based on a central authority government, claiming that decentralization supports democracy because it reduces the vested interests power and allows for competition, transparency and innovation of subnational governments, additionally it would empower and engage minorities in the political power and hence reduces tensions and improves economic performance. Liberalization is considered as a corner stone in transition economies; where liberalizing the economy aims at achieving efficiency by all means. Results shows that, decentralization has various benefits that differ from one country to another and has the power to improve the lives of people.

Successful decentralization of pre-analysis viral load testing procedures and sample storage to primary care clinics in Shiselweni, Swaziland

Successful decentralization of pre-analysis viral load testing procedures and sample storage to primary care clinics in Shiselweni, Swaziland

Hydrological simulation approaches for BMPs and LID practices in highly urbanized area and development of hydrological performance indicator system

Urbanization causes hydrological change and increases stormwater runoff volumes, leading to flooding, erosion, and the degradation of instream ecosystem health. Best management practices (BMPs), like detention ponds and infiltration trenches, have been widely used to control flood runoff events for the past decade. However, low impact development (LID) options have been proposed as an alternative approach to better mimic the natural flow regime by using decentralized designs to control stormwater runoff at the source, rather than at a centralized location in the watershed. For highly urbanized areas, LID stormwater management practices such as bioretention cells and porous pavements can be used to retrofit existing infrastructure and reduce runoff volumes and peak flows. This paper describes a modeling approach to incorporate these LID practices and the two BMPs of detention ponds and infiltration trenches in an existing hydrological model to estimate the impacts of BMPs and LID practices on the surface runoff. The modeling approach has been used in a parking lot located in Lenexa, Kansas, USA, to predict hydrological performance of BMPs and LID practices. A performance indicator system including the flow duration curve, peak flow frequency exceedance curve, and runoff coefficient have been developed in an attempt to represent impacts of BMPs and LID practices on the entire spectrum of the runoff regime. Results demonstrate that use of these BMPs and LID practices leads to significant stormwater control for small rainfall events and less control for flood events.

ПІДХОДИ ДО ОБСЛУГОВУВАННЯ ЗАЯВОК В ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНІЙ НАДБУДОВІ У МЕРЕЖАХ НАСТУПНОГО ПОКОЛІННЯ

У статті розглянуті особливості обслуговування заявок в системі управління інтелектуальними послугами в умовах зростаючого спектра послуг, що надаються телекомунікаційною мережею. Метою даної статті є розробка архітектури інтелектуальної надбудови (ІН) мереж наступного покоління з різними принципами управління послугами (централізоване, децентралізоване і змішане управління) та представлення можливих підходів до виконання послуг при архітектурі ІН зі змішаним принципом управління.

DESENTRALISASI DAN OTONOMI DAERAH SEBAGAI UPAYA MEMAJUKAN KESEJAHTERAAN UMUM

The regional administration is realized through service improvement, empowerment and participation of the community in order to improve national and regional competitiveness with memperrhatikan democratic principles of justice and equity by taking into account the peculiarities of which is owned by an area in the frame of the Republic of Indonesia. Decentralization and regional autonomy will succeed if the infrastructure in the form of infrastructure, human resources and their effective legislation and the high participation of the community in an autonomous region. The implementation of regional autonomy with decentralization, deconcentration and perbantuan principle is expected to accelerate and facilitate the region to promote their respective regions on the initiative, initiative and creativity of each region. Without readiness mature and active participation in the local community, the regional autonomy it will be a problem for local communities. Keywords : Decentralization, Regional autonomy, Commonweal

Food Security and the Futures of Farmers in Decentralisation Era: a Case Study From Sigi District Central Sulawesi

Decentralization is a form of democratization used to push development at district level. The formation of new autonomous regions results into more land conversion and politicization of society, rather than the strengthening of food security and the wellbing of farmers. This study examines the effectivity of local policy of Sigi District South Sulawesi to strengthen food security and elevate the prosperity of farmers. Through qualitative methods to bring together stakeholders (farmers, local authorities) through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews, the study found that the district policy still is formalistic. There is no standard information dissemination,no better attitude and commitment to the policy, limited resources, and there is no work standard. The role of regional food security council is not optimal, a lot of institutional barriers, there is no involvement of the community in accessing the programmes and also high politicization of this top down policy. Key Word: Policy, Local Goverment, food security, DecentralizationDesentralisasi merupakan wujud demokratisasi daerah untuk pembangunan. Pembentukan daerah otonom baru (DOB) melahirkan terjadinya alih fungsi lahan dan politisasi masyarakat seperti petani daripada penguatan ketahanan pangan dan penguatan petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan meneliti kebijakan Kabupaten Sigi dalam hal penguatan ketahanan pangan dan petani. Melalui metode kualitatif dengan mempertemukan pemangku kepentingan (petani, pejabat daerah) melalui diskusi kelompok terfokus dan wawancara mendalam, diketahui bahwa kebijakan masih bersifat formalistik. Tidak ada sosialisasi informasi secara baik, sikap dan komitmen terhadap kebijakan kurang, keterbatasan sumber daya, tidak ada standar kerja. Dewan ketahanan pangan daerah belum optimal, hambatan struktur dan kelembagaan, tidak ada keterlibatan masyarakat dalam mengakses penyusunan program serta tingginya politisasi pada bidang pertanian yang semuanya dikelola secara top down di daerah.

Investigation on feasibility analysis of the training for specialist nurse in operating room under direction of the third-degree subject

Objective To identify the needs of different degree hospitals for specialist nurse in operating room, and to explore the specialist nurse training programs which can meet their actual requirements. Methods We used the self-designed questionnaire to carry out a survey in students which were graduated from the training courses for specialist nurses in operating room in Jiangsu province. Four points of the contents were as below: the general information, the refinement situation of the third-degree subject and subspecialty of one′s own hospital, how their jobs were going after the traing, and the feasibility and plan of the training for specialist nurses in operating room under the direction of third-degree subject. Results 100% of participants thought that it was necessary to hold a training for specialist nurses in operating room, 80.00% of them thought that the current mode belonged to the general nursing, 72.22% of whom from the second-class hospital thought that both the theoretical knowledge and skill learned from the clinical practice could meet their working requirements, and they would continue to take the current training mode. 74.19% of whom from the tertiary hospital thought that although it could meet the requirements, it was not strong enough and was short in details for their own direction, they thought specialist nurses should be trained according to the third-degree subject. Conclusions The training mode is combined with centralization and decentralization, and it includes unified entrance, synchronous training, hierarchical culture. It is established based on the actual needs getting from the hospitals in different grades, so it is better to adapt for different needs of different hospitals. Key words: Specialist nurse; Operating room; Direction of the third-degree subject; Training

Політико-правові аспекти подолання бюрократизму в системі державної служби України

У статті виявлено прояви бюрократизму в системі державної служби України таохарактеризувати основні політико-правові засоби його подолання. Показано, що всвоїх негативних наслiдках у сучаснiй Українi бюрократизм набуває рiзних проявiв,головним із яких є формалiзацiя вiдносин мiж людьми, коли для вирiшення якогосьпитання чиновник вимагає безлiч довiдок, вводяться нiчим необґрунтованi обмежен-ня, численнi погодження при вирiшеннi простого питання, надмiрна централiзацiята iн.; багатоначальнiсть, тобто роздутий i заплутаний за своїми функцiональнимиобов’язками апарат управлiння, що включає велику кiлькiсть непотрiбних ланок;«бюрократична петля», коли скарга до вищестоящого органу пересилається ним до ор-гану, дiї якого оскаржують; паперовий стиль роботи, надмiрне перебiльшення ролi до-кументальної сторони справи; пiдмiна закону iнструкцiями чи iншими пiдзаконниминормативними актами пiд виглядом конкретизацiї закону; «всесилля» чиновникiв,фактичне переважання адмiнiстративного апарату над органами, сформованими впорядку виборiв; надмiрна, дрiб’язкова регламентацiя дiй i тодi, коли їх належне ви-конання забезпечується звичним здоровим глуздом; мiсництво як порядок заняттяпосад вiдповiдно до соцiального статусу претендента або його родичiв чи додержаннявузькомiсцевих iнтересiв на шкоду загальнiй справi, справi держави; вiдсутнiсть чиiгнорування чiтко встановлених строкiв розгляду звернень громадян та юридичнихосiб, що призводить до тяганини в рiшеннi справ, їх нескiнченне потрiбне i непотрiбнеузгодження з iншими ланками апарату; консерватизм, який нерiдко приймає формунепохитної вiдсталостi i агресивного антиноваторства; несприйняття критики, зне-вага до неї, а часто i переслiдування за критику та iн.Доведено, що найбiльш дiєвим пoлiтикo-правовим механiзмoм запoбiганнябюрoкратизму є дебюрoкратизацiя, яка пoв’язана з демoкратичнoю трансфoрмацiєюуправлiнськoгo прoцесу, передбачає децентралiзацiю всьoгo суспiльнoгo життя i,вiдпoвiднo, втрату дoмiнуючoї рoлi бюрoкратичнoгo апарату.

Benefits of PCR and decentralization of diagnosis in regional laboratories in the management of Bluetongue in France.

Since 1998, Bluetongue virus (BTV) serotypes 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11 and 16 have spread throughout Europe. In 2006, BTV serotype 8 (BTV‑8) emerged unexpectedly in Northern Europe, in countries such as Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands, to spread rapidly in the following year throughout the rest of Europe. In 2007, BTV‑1 spread in Southern Europe, in Spain and in South of France. In 2008, 2 more BTV serotypes were detected in Northern Europe: BTV‑6 in the Netherlands and in Germany, and BTV‑11 in Belgium. The European incursion of BTV has caused considerable economic losses, including direct losses from mortality and reduced production, as well as indirect losses generated by ensuing bans on trade of ruminants between infected and non-infected areas. Given the significance of the disease, all affected countries have established control and eradication measures that have evolved together with the availability of detection and prevention tools such as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) tests and vaccines, respectively. This paper describes how the French National Reference Laboratory for BT has managed diagnosis during the fast and massive spread of BTV‑1 and 8 in 2007 and 2008.

Practice and analysis of financial management of a Taizhou medical group

Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group) made worthwhile attempts in the decentralized and centralized financial management, in an effort to build a centralized mode featuring department setup, information management, funding management, centralized accouting, and cost-performance settlement. Centralized financial management is a trend change in the management of large medical groups, but the changes in the financial management of its complexity and long-term, are associated with the group's overall reform needs, which need to be amended and improved constantly in practice. Key words: Medical group; Financial management

READERS’ PERCEPTION OF THE DEVELOPMENT INCLINATION OF ORIWU SUN COMMUNITY NEWSPAPER IN IKORODU AREA OF LAGOS STATE

Location and message content make Nigeria’s media urban-centred, thus creating information deficit on development issues particularly in the rural areas. Since community newspapers are designed to fill this development information gap at the local level, their efforts in carrying out this role deserve scrutiny. This study therefore assessed readers’ perception of the development inclination of Oriwu Sun community newspaper in Ikorodu area of Lagos State. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 104 respondents from the study area. Structured questionnaire was used to elicit information on demographic characteristics, content preference, development roles, credibility and perception of the development inclination of the community newspaper from the sampled respondents. Data were described using frequencies and percentages. Hypotheses were tested using Spearman rho and Chi-square at 0.05 level of significance. Results show that most readers were adults (77.9%), male (63.0%) with 17 years as mean year of living in the community. The most preferred section of the newspaper content was the local/community news. The major roles performed by the newspaper were giving voice to the community and mobilisation ( 1.51) while, the watchdog role ranked lowly 4th. Although the newspaper enjoys high credibility rating among the readers, they perceived it as having indifferent inclination to development issues. The local news segment should feature more development content in order to make it serve the community better. Keywords: Community development news, media decentralisation, news credibility and development inclination.

Modeling And Solving A Pricing Problem Considering Substitutable Products In A Dual Supply Chain With Internet And Traditional Distribution Channels

This paper studies the pricing problem in a supply chain consisting of two manufacturers who whether sell their substitutable products to an independent retailer or sell them directly to consumers through their own Internet channels. Channel and brand competition is considered for each product whose demand function is stochastic and linear. The objective function is to maximize the manufacturers and the retailer profits. Three decentralized pricing policy are developed and the corresponding analytical equilibrium solutions are obtained using the game-theoretic approach for Nash and Stackelberg games. Numerical examples are presented to study the effectiveness of each policy. The results indicate that brand loyalty enhancement is profitable for both the manufacturers and the retailer. Furthermore, a limited increase in service value may decrease the threat of the direct Internet channel for the retailer while increasing the manufacturers’ profit.

Centralized vs Decentralized Contests

We compare two contest. Decentralized in which there are several independent contests with non overlapping contestants and Centralized in which all contestants fight for a unique prize which is the sum of all prizes in the small contests. We study the relationship between payoffs and efforts between these two contests.

Sewage gardens – constructed wetlands for single family households

During the last 30 years the increase of interest in low-cost decentralized and small wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) is observed in Europe. For this purpose sand filters, stabilization ponds, mini reactors with activated sludge, trickling filters and treatment wetlands are used. Among the listed facilities treatment wetlands (TWs) offer effective and reliable treatment efficiency, being at the same time low-cost and simple in operation. This is a sustainable treatment technology which does not generate secondary sewage sludge. In this paper the design concept and performance of nine TWs constructed in 2009 for single-family households in Kashubian Lake District is discussed. The treatment efficiency of three different TW configurations is compared. The findings of the study provide a basis for future design and implementation of TWs in agricultural areas.

Une approche économique de la réforme territoriale

Depuis 2012, le gouvernement a lancé une nouvelle étape de la décentralisation qui réorganise les collectivités et leurs compétences. Cette réforme territoriale poursuit plusieurs objectifs et s’inscrit notamment dans le débat sur une adaptation de nos institutions au fonctionnement de l’économie française. La réforme renforce la cohérence entre le périmètre géographique des administrations et la géographie économique du territoire. Elle propose également une nouvelle répartition des compétences de chaque collectivité pour mieux tenir compte des externalités, des économies d’échelles potentielles et des préférences locales. Enfin, elle encourage des mutualisations au sein du bloc communal et des régions qui devraient permettre une amélioration de l’efficience de la dépense des collectivités.

Harmonising Hayek and Posner: Revisiting Posner, Hayek & the Economic Analysis of Law

This paper is aimed at highlighting Posner and Hayek’s consensus on the importance of decentralization, as well as the significance of the incorporation of non-legal actors as tools for facilitating the efficient allocation of resources in common law. In addition to highlighting the consensus on the views of Posner and Hayek, in respect of de centralization of information within the judicial process, this paper aims to address why de centralization serves as a vital tool in facilitating the objective of common law as an efficiency allocation mechanism. Whilst it is argued that lower court judges may not and should not be given such flexibility to make and unmake the law, the principles and decisions of law lords acting in the capacity of legislature, have also illustrated in several leading cases that the flexibility intended by Parliament may be misinterpreted and wrongly applied in future cases. This has also resulted in the criticism of extrinsic aids to statutory interpretation. This paper analyses and expands on these observations.