Dead Space Wound Models Research Articles

Wound Healing, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Activities, and Chemical Composition of Korean Propolis from Different Sources.

Propolis, such as is used as bio-cosmetics and in functional materials, is increasing because of its antioxidant medicinal benefits. However, its pharmacological and chemical composition is highly variable, relative to its geography and botanical origins. Comparative studies on three propolis samples collected from different regions in Korea have been essential for linking its provenance, chemical composition, and biological activity, thereby ensuring the efficient utilization of its beneficial properties. Here, we report the chemical composition and biological activities such as the antioxidant, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory effects of the ethanolic extract of Korean propolis collected from two regions. We compared the chemical constituents of three 70% ethanol-extracted (EE) samples, including the Andong, Gongju field (GF), and Gongju mountain (GM)-sourced propolis using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major and common components of these EE Korean propolis were flavonoids such as pinocembrin (12.0-17.7%), chrysin (5.2-6.8%), and apigenin (5.30-5.84%). The antioxidant property using a 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity assay of EEP showed substantial differences among samples with the highest from Andong. The sample 10% GM levigated in simple ointment was found to be the most active in wound healing activity based on the excision, incision, and dead space wound models. The potential of propolis for wound healing is mainly due to its evidenced properties, such as its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and angiogenesis promoter effects, which need further study. The anti-inflammatory activity and NO production inhibitory effect were highest in GM samples. However, GM and GF samples demonstrated similar inhibitory effects on the expression of inflammatory mediators such as iNOS, IL-1β, and IL-6. The presence of a higher concentration of flavonoids in Korean EE propolis might be responsible for their promising wound healing, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.

Exploring the Wound Healing Potential of Hispidin.

Hispidin, a polyphenol component mainly derived from the medicinal mushroom species Phellinus and Inonotus, shows promise for biomedical applications, yet its potential in wound healing remains largely unexplored. This research investigates the wound healing effects of hispidin through in vitro and in vivo experiments, while also evaluating its antimicrobial properties and safety profile. In vitro scratch assays were conducted to evaluate the impact of hispidin on the migration of NIH-3T3 cells. The wound healing potential of hispidin was assessed in rats using excision wounds, dead space wounds, and linear incisions, treated with various topical ointments including a simple ointment, 2.5% (w/w) and a 5% (w/w) hispidin ointment, and a 0.2% (w/w) nitrofurazone ointment, administered at 0.2 g daily for 14 days. Hispidin demonstrated antimicrobial properties and was particularly effective against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Hispidin enhanced NIH-3T3 cell viability, and promoted wound closure in scratch assays, correlating with increased levels of FGF21, TGF-β1, EGF, and VEGF. In excision wound models, the 5% (w/w) hispidin ointment improved wound contraction, epithelialization, tissue regeneration, fibroblast activity, and angiogenesis. In the granulation tissue from dead space wound models, hispidin reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) and lipid peroxidation, while increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) and antioxidant activities (SOD, GPx, CAT), along with connective tissue markers like hydroxyproline, hexosamine, and hexuronic acid. Hispidin also enhanced wound breaking strength in incision models. Acute dermal toxicity studies indicated no adverse effects at 2000 mg/kg. These findings highlight hispidin's potential in wound care, demonstrating its antimicrobial, regenerative, and safety properties.

PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF GELLAN GUM/GLYCOL CHITOSAN BASED BAICALEIN HYDROGEL FOR WOUND HEALING

Objective: The present work was emphasized on preparation, characterization and evaluation of baicalein loaded hydrogel to promote healing of wounds. Methods: Baicalein loaded hydrogel was developed using Gellan gum and Glycol chitosan polymers. Prepared hydrogels were characterized for various parameters like Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), swelling property, entrapment efficiency, rheology and drug release. Wound healing study was investigated by using incision dead space wound models. Healing effect was assessed by measurement of tensile strength, collagen content, hydroxyproline content, protein content and antioxidant status. Results: The percent entrapment efficiency of optimized hydrogel found to be 89.78±2.07 which resulted in controlled release of drug 85.03% in 12 h. The significant increased level of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was noticed in dead space wound model. The tensile strength study shows increase in collagen synthesis due to treatment with Baicalein loaded hydrogel. The higher collagen content, better granulation, increase in tensile strength was noticed. Histopathological examination also confirmed higher degree of re-epithelialization and enhanced cutaneous wound repair. Conclusion: In conclusion, biodegradable Baicalein loaded hydrogel might have high potential for wound healing with improved oxidative status and extended release of Baicalein.

Diabetic wound healing activity of Elaeagnus conferta Roxb. leaf ethanol extract

High blood glucose level and gangrene wounds are becoming difficult to cure for the medical sciences nowadays. The goal of the current study is to assess the diabetic wound healing activity of Elaeagnus conferta leaf ethanol extract (LEE). The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of the LEE revealed the presence of total phenols (42.20 ± 1.3 μg/gm) and flavonoids (45.23 ± 1.2 μg/gm). HR-LCMS analysis of the LEE revealed the presence of 27 phytoconstituents, among them Telmisartan was expressed with higher concentration. Alloxan monohydrate induced diabetic rats were administered with LEE of Elaeagnus conferta and the extract was locally applied to excision, incision and dead space wound models of diabetic rats. LEE at the concentration of (200 mg /kg. /bw.) significantly reduced the blood glucose levels when compared to the untreated diabetic group. In excision wound models on 21st day of treatment, the percentage of epithelization was increased to 99.86±0.08 and in the incision model, tensile strength of the wound was increased to 798.7±37.08gm as compared to Povidine iodine ointment. In slico molecular docking studies of the Telmisartan ligand with the glycogen synthase kinase- 3 protein resulted with 2 hydrogen bonds and 13 hydrophobic interactions indicating the suppression of wound enhancing protein. Present study authenticates the antidiabetic property and wound healing efficacy of E. conferta leaf ethanol extract.

Formulation Development and Evaluation of New Polyherbal Gel Formulations for Their Wound Healing Activity in Rat

Synoptic studies on natural products have been conducted as a result of the lack of a potential remedy and associated flaw in allopathic medicines, as these items have been found to be less harmful and more affordable. The identification and assessment of therapeutic potential in pharmaceuticals led to the development of novel, affordable medications for the treatment of a variety of ailments, including chronic wounds. To determine if plant extracts can effectively cure wounds, in-vitro cell scratch testing is a practical and affordable method. Traditional herbal remedies for treating wounds include Azadirachta indica (A. indica) and Aloe barbadensis miller (Aloe vera, A. vera). The goal of the current study was to assess the ability of a polyherbal formulation (A. vera and A. indica) to promote wound healing in Wistar albino rats utilising excision, incision, and dead space wound models. A. vera and A. indica extracts were used in varied concentrations to create formulations PHF1 through PHF5. Utilising criteria like physical appearance, pH, extrudability, viscosity, spreadability, homogeneity, grittiness, and stability study, the generated polyherbal gel formulation was assessed. On days 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 21, as well as day 24, wound healing was observed along with the percentage of wound contraction, epithelialization period, hydroxyproline content, tensile strength, granuloma weight, and protein content (dead space wound models). In an excision wound model, polyherbal gel PHF4 demonstrated percent wound contraction in 12 days, and Groups II and IV saw considerably (P 0.01) shorter epithelialization times. In incision wound models, the animal group treated with polyherbal gel PHF4 demonstrated significantly higher levels of hydroxyproline than all other formulations as well as significantly higher tensile strength. PHF4 demonstrated the best efficacy in dead space wound models compared to other extracts and was significantly different from the treatment group in terms of granuloma weight and protein content. It can be said that poly herbal formulations have wound healing properties, possibly as a result of their epithelization, supporting the traditional assertion that they can be used to treat many human wound types.

Identification of Quercetin, Kaempferol and Luteolin from Methanolic Extract of <i>Corchorus depressus</i> and its Pre-Clinical Wound Healing

Corchorus depressus Linn. (Tiliaceae) has been extensively utilized in Odisha, India, and is considered sacred and religious in addition to being used in Pakistan, Baluchistan, and Sind for ethnopharmacological purposes. Ethno-pharmacological claims and lack of sufficient scientific data with respect to the wound-healing activity of the plant encouraged us to the preparation of herbal formulation and its evaluation against wound-healing models with the identification of the phytoconstituents present in the plant extract. The physiochemical properties of the plant like ash value, the preliminary phytochemical screening, the HPLC, HPTLC, FTIR analysis, and the dermal toxicity of the methanolic extract were carried out using standard methods. A stability study was conducted on the prepared ointment formulations. With the help of in vivo excision, incision, dead-space wound, mice-burn model, and along with in vitro stimulation of Interleukin-10 models, the wound healing potential was evaluated. The granulation tissue was collected for nitric oxide estimation and histopathological analysis. The tensile strength of the granuloma tissue and hydroxyproline content were estimated using standard methods. The methanolic extract ointment resulted in a steady contraction of wounds with time and caused significant inhibition in the level of nitric oxide in the scar tissue and aggregation of macrophages in histological examination. The incision model showed a significant (381.33±4.58, p<0.05) increase in the tensile strength of granuloma tissue when compared to the control (156.5±5.75). The dead space wound model demonstrated that the plant extract significantly increased (75.43±2.97, p<0.001) hydroxyproline content against the control. Methanolic extract ointment caused significant wound healing and reduced epithelialization time in the mice burn model from the 12th day till the 24th day as compared to the negative control. Observations of hematological and serum biochemical changes in the dermal toxicity study suggested that the herbal extracts are safe for use topically. In the accelerated stability study, there were no marks of physical instability in the prepared ointment. IR spectral analysis was successfully used to detect flavanones like Luteolin and flavonol such as Quercetin and Kaempferol in methanolic extract. The present findings provide scientific evidence that the plant Corchorus depressus Linn. (Tiliaceae) displayed wound healing activity, corroborating its traditional use by the Tribals of Odisha and the Indian system of medicine.

A topical formulation of Anacardium occidentale L. leaves extract enhances wound healing via mediating TNF-α and TGF- β

Repeated trauma, inadequate perfusion or oxygenation, excessive inflammation, infection, oxidative stress, anddiabetes all contribute to impaired wound healing. In a clinical setting, delay in healing may result in severe complicationssuch as gangrene, leading to extended hospitalization, amputation and even death of the patient. Slow wound healing andlimitations of currently available synthetic medication, urges the need for a safe, affordable, patient-friendly, andmulti-modal herbal wound care agent. Anacardium occidentale L., commonly known as cashew and locally, Kaju, isreported to possess antidiabetic, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiulcerogenic activities. In this study, weevaluated the wound healing activity of gel containing the extract of A. occidentale leaves in rats using incision, excisionand dead space wound models. Increased wound contraction, breaking strength, hydroxyproline and hexosamine content,TGF-β level and decreased level of TNF-α indicated that the developed gel accelerated the wound healing process.Moreover, the docking studies indicated that the aqueous alcoholic extract exerted healing activity by inhibiting GSK3-βthrough β-catenin dependent Wnt signaling pathway. Thus, it can be concluded that the Anacardium occidentale leavesextract can be a potential wound healing agent by acting on various phases of healing process.

In vivo and In vitro Diabetic Wound Healing Effects of Salvadora persica Twig Extract and its Mechanisms of Action

Due to unclear etiology, the healing impairment of diabetic patients is still a serious clinical problem for physicians worldwide. The impaired wound healing in diabetic wound has brought attention to promoting healing process and prevent complications arising from diabetic wounds. Salvadora persica (S. persica) is reported to possess wound-healing activity in fresh rats. However, there is no scientific report on the wound-healing activity of S. persica twigs extract on diabetic wounds. Hence, the aim of the present study is to evaluate in-vivo wound healing activity of methanol extract of S. persica twigs in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, angiogenesis and fibroblast proliferation activities of S. persica twigs extract were investigated to understand the mechanism of action behind the wound healing process. Methanol extract of S. persica twigs extract was formulated into topical gel using carbopol 971 P NF polymer as gelling agent and wound healing activity of the developed gel was evaluated using incision, excision and dead space wound models in diabetic rats. The developed topical gel accelerated the wound healing process as assessed by increased wound contraction, breaking strength, hydroxyproline and hexosamine content. Such investigation was encouraged by the efficiency of the methanol extract of S. persica twigs as antimicrobial, antioxidant, fibroblast proliferating and angiogenic properties. Hence, it can be concluded that topical gel containing methanol extract of S. persica twigs may be helpful in the enhanced healing of diabetic wounds.

Scoping Review: Evaluation of Moringa oleifera (Lam.) for Potential Wound Healing in In Vivo Studies.

Wound healing is a natural process to restore damaged tissues due to loss of tissue integrity. Moringa oleifera (locally known as merunggai in Malaysia) has been traditionally used in various ailments, including for wound management. To evaluate the wound healing properties in M. oleifera, publications were searched and selected following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement with predetermined inclusion criteria. The databases searched for primary studies include PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, LILACS, ClinicalTrials.gov, and CENTRAL. In total, 18 in vivo studies were included, which involved the leaves, while the remaining 5 studies involved other plant parts tested on excision, incision, dead space, abrasion, and burn-induced wound models. All studies reported significant wound healing abilities. Most studies used different topical formulations of aqueous leaves extract. The accumulation of collagen content and underlying wound healing mechanism through antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities may be contributed by its bioactive phytochemical content, which has the potential to accelerate the wound contraction, increase the rate of epithelialization, and protect tissues against oxidative damage. In conclusion, M. oleifera showed wound healing potential but further studies are warranted to determine the main bioactive phytocompounds and safety.

Solanum pubescens Wild Fruits Essential Oil - A Golden Casket for its Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory Mediated Wound Healing Efficacy in Vertebrate Model Mus musculus.

Solanum pubescens Willd, growing wild in the hills of Rayadurg jurisdiction of Southwestern Andhra Pradesh, has gained significant attention among researchers for its diverse folkloric applications, existence of novel phytochemicals and leaf extracts which hold great medicinal promises. To date, the S. pubescens fruit's essential oil (SPO) has never been investigated. The current research has been focused to evaluate the chemical composition of S. pubescens fruit essential oil through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), followed by the investigation of antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and wound healing activities in appropriate models to uncover its biological potentials. Extraction of (Solanopuboil/SPO) from the fresh unripe fruits of Solanum pubescens was carried out in Buchner funnel and Whatman no.10 filter paper and concentrated at 40°C using a rotary evaporator. The metabolic profiling of SPO was analysed by GC-MS technique. The MIC, MBC, activity index, and total antimicrobial activity of SPO were evaluated using standard procedures. Anti-inflammatory activity of SPO was screened using Carrageenan induced paw oedema and Cotton pellet-induced granuloma. Tail immersion test, Acetic acid writhing response and Formalin paw lick test was performed in rats in order to examine the analgesic activity of SPO. Wound healing activity of SPO was investigated by performing the incision wound model, Excision wound model and Dead space wound model in rats. The SPO displayed a constant degree of antimicrobial activity against B. cereus, B. subtilis, E. coli, A. niger, A. fumigatus and C. albicans with significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Also, a prominent wound healing potential of it was observed in excision, incision and dead space wound models with considerable elevation in granulation tissue hydroxyproline, hexuronic acid and hexosamine content in association with remarkable regulation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant markers i.e., Lipid peroxidase (LPO), Nitric Oxide (NO), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione (GSH), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx). These findings strongly validate the therapeutic potential of S. pubescens fruit essential oil in antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory mediated wound healing and suggests its promising application as valuable and novel indigenous leads in the food and pharmaceutical industries. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first-ever investigatory report on the systematic phytochemical and therapeutic examination of S. pubescens fruit essential oil.

GC-MS Analysis and Wound Healing Efficiency of Ethanolic Leaves Extract of Cassia occidentalis and Pithecellobium dulce in Wistar Albino Rats: Comparative Study

Aim: To identify and compare the bioactive compounds in the ethanolic leaves extracts of Cassia occidentalis and Pithecellobium dulce and to evaluate the wound healing efficiency in Wistar Albino rats.
 Study Design: The leaves ethanolic extracts was analysed by GC-MS and the extract was prepared in the form of a cream by ethanolic leaves extracts of C. occidentalis and P. dulce at 5% (w/v), 10% (w/v), and also in combination, a simple ointment base was developed with a composition of (1:1) Topical application of 5% (w/v) and 10% (w/v) was utilised in excision wound models. For excision wound models, the treatment duration was ten days. The day on which the wound was inflicted was designated as day '0'. Wound healing Activity: Excision wound Model: The animals were randomly separated into eight groups of six rats each: Group I: Control.; Group II: Standard group, treated with Framycetin sulfate cream (Soframycin, Aventis);. Group III: Treated with ethanolic extract of C. occidentalis (ELCO) (5% w/v); Group IV: Treated with ethanolic extract of C. occidentalis (ELCO) (10% w/v);Group V: Treated with ethanolic extract of P. dulce (ELPD)(5% w/v); Group VI: Treated with ethanolic extract of P. dulce (ELPD) (10 % w/v);Group VII: Treated with ethanolic extract of C. occidentalis and P. dulce (ELCO & ELPD 1:1) (5% w/v); Group VIII: Treated with ethanolic extract of C. occidentalis and P. dulce (ELCO & ELPD 1:1) (10 % w/v) till complete epithelization. Next dead space wound model and histology was studied.
 Place and Duration of Study: The GC-MS was carried out at Lab in Chennai. The extraction procedures were done at Department of Microbiology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur and treatment of wound healing activities were conducted at Ratnam Institute of Pharmacy in Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India, and housed in the Department of Pharmacology between October to January 2016.
 Methodology: To study bioactive compounds, GC-MS was adopted, for wound healing activity: Excision wound Model, Dead space wound model and histology procedures was applied.
 Results: In the current study, ethanol leaves extract (EL) of Cassia occidentalis and Pithecellobium dulce were compared using GC-MS and their wound healing efficacy in wistar rats was examined. The GC-MS analysis of EL from both plants revealed 14-16 distinct bioactive phytochemical components with varying molecular weights and retention duration (RT). Excision and dead space wound models were utilised to assess the wound healing activities of EL extracts on rats. Wound concentration, full epithelialzation time, granulation, tissue weight, and hydroxyproline content were used to measure healing. In the excision wound model, the standard group (Framycetin sulphate cream) and group-VII (10% w/v; 1:1) combination EL treatment exhibited 98.5 ± 0.54 % and 98.4 ± 0.46 % wound healing activity, respectively. When compared to the control, the granulation tissue weight and hydroxyproline content in the dead space wound rose considerably. Histological examination revealed fewer inflammatory cells and more collagen, indicating a role in accelerating wound healing activity.
 Conclusion: The results of our investigation indicate unequivocally that ethanolic leaf extracts of these plant species are effective at encouraging wound healing. The 10% (ELCO+ELPD) tropical treatment drastically reduced the wound as compared to standard and also increased granulation and hydroxyproline content. However, it requires more clinical examination before being considered for wound therapy.

Wound healing potential of Launaea pinnatiϔida Cass leaf juice in rats

Launaea pinnatifida is a procumbent herb native to the coastal area and found throughout India and many other countries. It is utilized as a dietary plant in the preparation of various dishes in the Maldives. Traditionally it is used for the treatment of skin injuries and is reported to contain flavonoids, steroids, glycosides, tannins, saponins etc. As no scientific work has been found to be published related to wound healing potential of the L. pinnatifida plant, the present study investigated the effects of dried leaf juice of L. pinnatifida on wound healing property in rats using various wound models. In result analysis, the wound contraction percentage was found to be increased and the scar area and epithelization time were found to be decreased when 3 % ointment L. pinnatifida leaf juice was applied topically. Similarly, with incision and dead space wound models, wound breaking strength and hydroxyproline levels were found to be increased. So, Launaea pinnatifida leaf juice showed significant wound healing activity in all wound models, which supports its claim for being used traditionally in skin diseases.

Evaluation of Wound Healing Activity of Catharanthus Roseus Aqueous Extract in Adult Albino Rats

Use of plant extracts in the treatment of several ailments is a science known to the mankind since time immemorial. Yet, its popularity is limited owing to the lack of recorded experimental evidence to determine their potential health benefits. C. roseus is a traditional medicinal plant with over 100 identified alkaloids and several other phytochemicals known for various health promoting activities. The aim of the present study was to evaluate C. roseus aqueous extracts’ wound healing potential using incision, excision, and dead space wound models on healthy male albino rats. To assess this, the tissue breaking strength for incision wound model, percent epithelialization and period to complete epithelialization for excision wound model and granuloma break strength, dry weight, and hydroxyproline content for dead space wound model were evaluated after the treatment of the extract in comparison with the standard drug sucralfate. The results obtained demonstrated that the treatment of extract on the wound significantly enhanced tissue breaking strength and reduced the time required for complete epithelialization and was on par with that of the standard drug sucralfate. In the incision wound model, an elevated breaking strength was observed compared to that of the control group. Further, in the dead space wound model, the granuloma dry weight and breaking strength were remarkably elevated along with a concomitant increase in the hydroxyproline content suggesting the enhanced rate of wound contraction rate, collagen synthesis and lowered healing period. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that C. roseus is effective in wound healing, as shown in the three wound models and thus, further studies to formulate this into a commercial product should be carried out.

WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF AERIAL PARTS OF EUPHORBIA HIRTA LINN. AND ITS POLYHERBAL FORMULATION

This study was undertaken to investigate the in vivo wound healing activity of ethanol extracts of the aerial parts of Euphorbia hirta Linn. and its polyherbal formulation with Tridax procumbens and Eclipta alba. The in vivo wound healing activity was assessed in albino rats by using three wound models i.e. excision wound, incision wound and dead space wound models. Level of biochemical markers and histological changes were monitored to evaluate the enhancement of wound healing. The results showed that ethanolic extract ointment possesses a definite prohealing action. This was demonstrated by a significant increase in the rate of wound contraction and by enhanced epithelization. Significant increase in tensile strength, hydroxyproline content and collagen levels were observed, which was further supported by histopathological studies and gain in granuloma breaking strength.

Wound Healing Activities of Latex of Grassleaf Spurge (<i>Euphobia </i><i>g</i><i>raminea</i><i> </i>Jacq.)

The present study evaluated the wound healing potentials of E. graminea (EG) latex. The latex of EG was screened for the presence of phytochemical constituents; in vitro antioxidant property and erythrocyte membrane stabilizing activity was used to investigate anti-inflammatory property of the latex. The wound healing potential of E. graminea latex (EGL) was investigated via incision and dead space wound models in wistar rats; eighteen wistar rats (separately for each model) were randomly divided into 3 groups (6 in each group): Group A: wound + EGL ; Group B: wound + Gentamycin (G); Group C: wound without treatment (control). Wound breaking strength (Incision model), hexuronic acid and hexosamine concentrations, activities of antioxidants biomolecules (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione) as well as the levels of free radicals (nitric oxide-NO, malondialdehyde -MDA) were evaluated in the granulation tissue (dead space model) of experimental rats. The result of the study revealed that EGL tested positive for the presence of saponins, alkaloids, triterpenes, flavonoids and cardiac glycosides. Also, EGL contained an appreciable concentration of total flavonoids and phenolics. The latex exhibited mild ferric reducing power, inhibited DPPH in dose dependent manner as well as protected red blood cells against hypotonic and heat induced lyses. In wound incision model, EGL exhibited 13.6 % increase in wound breaking strength when compared to the control animals. Also, in dead space wound model, there was significant increase (p < 0.05) in hexoxamine, hexuronic acid and GSH concentrations as well as SOD activity in EGL and gentamycin treated wound compared to the control. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in MDA concentration in EGL and gentamycin treated wound compared to the control while NO level and catalase activity showed no significant difference. This study revealed that EGL contained potentially bioactive molecules that could be employed in the treatment of wound.

Herbal Products in Postsurgical Wound Healing - Incision, Excision and Dead Space Wound Models.

The purpose of this review is to summarize current knowledge acquired on preclinical (incision, excision, and dead space wound models) and clinical studies regarding topically used herbal products with wound healing activity. The antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant mechanisms of their action as well as the adverse effects of herbal therapy will be described. Numerous preclinical and few clinical trials have confirmed the activity of herbal products in the stimulation of wound healing. In contrast to synthetic drugs, for which chemical compositions, purity, efficacy, minimal active concentration, and toxicity are well specified, several herbal formulations require further investigations. Nevertheless, it cannot be precluded that herbal products may be considered as an important support during conventional wound healing therapy or even as synthetic medicament replacements.

Wound healing activity of Terminalia bellerica Roxb. and gallic acid in experimentally induced diabetic animals.

Background Diabetic wound are the major problem of society because of its delay healing of wound in hyperglycemia patient. The target of this study need to know the gallic acid compelling synergistically wound healing in diabetic animals as it is available in fruit extract or is more effective in given pure form in diabetic animals. Methods The wound healing effects of fruit extract Terminalia bellerica Roxb. and gallic acid were evaluated in experimentally induced hyperglycemic animals. In this investigation, excision and dead space wound models were used. The contraction wound %, re-epithelialization days, area of scar, histopathological examination of tissue, hydroxyproline level and weight of tissue granuloma were evaluated in this study. Results Terminalia bellerica fruit extract (400 mg/Kg) and gallic acid (200 mg/Kg) have been ingested by orally in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. They were founded significantly (p<0.05) improved percentage wound contraction and decreased the size of scar area and days of re-epithelialization in excision wound model. Also, they were improved the level of hydroxyproline level in diabetic rats as compared to diabetic control group in dead space wound model. Standard drug vitamin C was also founded significantly improved wound healing activity in rats. These results suggested that treated groups accelerated wound healing activity in diabetic rat. Conclusions The observations and results obtained in the present study indicated the wound healing efficacy of fruit ethanolic extract and gallic acid in diabetic animals. Yet, the wound healing effect was increasingly reported with gallic acid.

Wound repair and regenerating effect of ethyl acetate soluble fraction of ethanolic extract of Cinnamomum camphora leaves in wistar albino rats

The leaves of Cinnamomum camphora are used in folk medicine for treatment of several skin disorders, anti-inflammatory disorders, various antimicrobial diseases and antioxidant activities. The aim of our study was to find the active fraction from ethanolic extract of C. camphora leaves responsible for wound healing activity in rats. The wistar albino rats were made wounded by the excision, incision and dead space wound on back side of rats. The ethylacetate soluble fraction of ethanolic extract of leaves of Cinnamomum camphora was applied topically in excision wound model while in incision and dead space wound model the Ethyl acetate soluble fraction (100 mg/kg) was give orally for 16 days. In the excision wound model the wound area and day of epithelization both were significantly decreased Ethyl acetate soluble fraction treated rats. In incision wound model the significantly higher tensile strength was observed in rats treaded orally with ethyl acetate soluble fraction. There were significant increase in weight of wet & dry granulation tissue with increased amount of hydroxyproline, collagen and elastin was observed in treated rats by ethyl acetate soluble fraction. The results suggested that the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of ethanolic extract of leaves of Cinnamomum camphora can be beneficial in treatment of wound healing in wistar albino rats. Keywords: Cinnamomum camphora, ethanolic extract, anti-inflammatory

Evaluation of wound healing potential of methanolic Azadirachtaindica leaves extract in normal and diabetic rats

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of Azadirachta indica leaves extract on wound healing activity in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methanolic extract ointment was applied on excised wounds in healthy non diabetic and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. This exhibited significant increase in mean percentage wound contraction and tensile strength in excision and dead Space wound models respectively, in both normal and diabetic rats when compared with control. The extract promoted wound contraction, reduced the wound closure time and induced proliferation of fibroblast as well as angiogenesis and re-epithelialization. Keywords: Wound Healing, Azadirachta indica, Tensile strength, wound contraction

Effects of the methanol leaf extract of &lt;i&gt;Palisota hirsuta&lt;/i&gt; in post-surgical wound management

Plants are important in the management and treatment of wounds. Their medicinal values lie in their phytochemical constituents. Palisota hirsuta Reichb. Ex Endl (Commelinaceae) is used traditionally in the treatment of diseases and wounds. This study evaluates the effects of methanol leaf extract of Palisota hirsuta (MLEPH) in post-surgical wound management, using incision and dead space wound models in rats. Thirty albino rats were used for each model (n=30) by assigning into 5 groups of 6 each. In the incision wound model, an incision wound created surgically on the dorsum of each rat was treated daily by topical application of: Petroleum Jelly (PJ, Group I), Cicatrin® powder (Group II), 1% w/w MLEPH (Group III), 2% w/w MLEPH (Group IV) and 4% w/w MLEPH (Group V) for 10 postoperative days. Wound breaking strength and histopathology were evaluated. In the dead space wound model, a sterilized polypropylene tube was implanted in the left groin region of each rat. They were treated orally daily for 10 postoperative days as follows: 10 mL/kg 5 % Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO, Group I), 12.5 mg/kg MLEPH (Group II), 25 mg/kg MLEPH (Group III), 50 mg/kg MLEPH (Group IV) and 100 mg/kg MLEPH (Group V). Granulation tissue formation and hydroxyproline assay were assessed. The results showed that wound breaking strength was significantly (p