Dead Space Wound Models Research Articles

Effects of Hibiscus rosa sinensis L (Malvaceae) on Wound Healing Activity: A Preclinical Study in a Sprague Dawley Rat

Hibiscus rosa sinensis (H rosa sinensis), a plant product, has been used for the treatment of a variety of diseases as well as to promote wound healing. The wound-healing activity of the ethanol extract of H rosa sinensis flower was determined in rats, using excision, incision, and dead space wound models and is presented in this report. The animals were randomly divided into 2 groups of 6 each in all the models. Test group animals in each model were treated with the ethanol extract of H rosa sinensis orally by mixing in drinking water (120 mg kg(-1) day(-1)), and the control group animals were maintained with plain drinking water. Healing was assessed by the rate of wound contraction, period of epithelialization, tensile strength (skin breaking strength), granulation tissue weight, and hydroxyproline content. The antimicrobial activity of the flower extract against selected microorganisms that infect the wounds was also assessed. Animals treated with the extract exhibited an 86% reduction in the wound area compared with controls, who exhibited a 75% reduction. The extract-treated animals were found to epithelize their wounds significantly faster than controls (P < .002) and have shown significantly higher skin-breaking strength than controls (P < .002). The dry and wet weight of granulation tissue and hydroxyproline content were also increased significantly when compared with controls. The reported observations suggest H rosa sinensis aids wound healing in the rat model.

The evidence based wound healing activity of Lawsonia inermis Linn.

The ethanol extract of Lawsonia inermis (200 mg/kg/day) was used to evaluate the wound healing activity on rats using excision, incision and dead space wound models. The animals were divided into three groups of six each in the excision model and two groups of six each in the incision model and dead space models. The topical application was made in the case of excision wound model, whereas, oral treatment was done with incision and dead space wound models. The following differences were noted in the group of experimental animals which were treated with an extract of L. inermis when compared with the control and reference standard animals: a high rate of wound contraction (p < 0.001), a decrease in the period of epithelialization (p < 0.001), high skin breaking strength (p < 0.001), a significant increase in the granulation tissue weight (p < 0.001) and hydroxyproline content (p < 0.05). The extract-treated animals showed 71% reduction in the wound area when compared with controls which was 58%. Histological studies of the tissue obtained on day 10 from the extract-treated group showed increased well organized bands of collagen, more fibroblasts and few inflammatory cells when compared with the controls which showed inflammatory cells, scanty collagen fibres and fibroblasts. Enhanced wound contraction, increased skin breaking strength, hydroxyproline and histological findings suggest the use of L. inermis in the management of wound healing.

Comparative evaluation of wound healing potency of Vitex trifolia L. and Vitex altissima L.

The wound healing potency of ethanol leaf extracts of V. trifolia L. and V. altissima L. was evaluated in excision, incision and dead space wound models. Both plants were found to possess significant wound healing activity which was evidenced by a decrease in the period of epithelialization, an increase in the rate of wound contraction, skin breaking strength, granulation tissue dry weight, hydroxyproline content and breaking strength of granulation tissue. Histopathological study of the granulation tissue also showed an increased collagenation when compared with the control group of animals. Of the two extracts, the ethanol leaf extract of V. trifolia showed maximum wound healing activity compared with the leaf extract of V. altissima. However, on comparison with the control group, both leaf extracts were found to possess significant wound healing potency.

Wound healing activity of &lt;i&gt; Lycopodium serratum&lt;/i&gt;

Wound healing activity of aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of L. serratum was studied by excision, incision and dead space wound models on rats. As compared to aqueous and control group of animals, ethanol extract showed significant wound healing activity which was evidenced by significant decrease in the period of epithelialisation (17.84±0.06) and increase in wound contraction rate, skin breaking strength (581.45±4.98), granulation tissue breaking strength (512.80±5.08), dry weight of granulation tissue (47.23±0.10) and elevated concentration of hydroxyproline (2322.83±8.49). Histopathalogy of the granulation tissue of the ethanol extract treated animals showed few macrophages with increase in collagenation indicating the potency of the ethanol extract in promoting the process of wound healing. The present finding provides a scientific base to the ethno medicinal use of L. serratum.

Wound Healing Activity of Euphorbia neriifolia Leaf Ethanolic Extract in Rats

Objective: Euphorbia neriifolia Linn. (Euphorbiaceae) is a commonly occurring plant around the dry, rocky, hilly areas of North, Central and South India. The milky latex and leaves of this plant is frequently used by the natives of Central India in case of burn, piles and to treat the deep cracks in soles of legs. The present study was designed to explore the wound healing activity of E. neriifolia leaf along with its effect on wound tissue growth and oxidative status. Methods: LD 50 was determined following the OECD guideline No. 420 and 425. Wound healing activity was evaluated on excision wound and dead space wound model along with determination of hydroxyproline, protein, catalase and superoxide dismutase in wound granulation tissue. Results: E. neriifolia leaf extract in 200&400 mg/ kg doses showed significantly (p<0.05) enhanced epithelization. E. neriifolia at 200 and 400 mg/kg dose significantly (p<0.001) increases hydroxyproline content, protein content, catalase activity and decreases superoxide dismutase activity in granulation tissue. The positive control groups were treated with vitamin C (250 mg/kg, i.p). Conclusions: E. neriifolia augments wound contraction and epithelisation. It also increased protein and hydroxyproline content, collagenation with added antioxidant activity on the wound site in 200&400 mg/kg doses. These activity may be due to presence of flavonoids and saponins which reduced oxidative stress in wound area and promote healing.

Catharanthus roseus flower extract has wound-healing activity in Sprague Dawley rats

BackgroundCatharanthus roseus L (C. roseus) has been used to treat a wide assortment of diseases including diabetes. The objective of our study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and wound healing activity of the flower extract of Catharanthus in rats.MethodsWound healing activity was determined in rats, after administration (100 mg kg-1 day-1) of the ethanol extract of C. roseus flower, using excision, incision and dead space wounds models. The animals were divided into two groups of 6 each in all the models. In the excision model, group 1 animals were topically treated with carboxymethyl cellulose as placebo control and group 2 received topical application of the ethanol extract of C. roseus at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight/day. In an incision and dead space model group 1 animals were given normal saline and group 2 received the extract orally at a dose of 100 mg kg-1 day-1. Healing was assessed by the rate of wound contraction, period of epithelization, tensile strength (skin breaking strength), granulation tissue weight, and hydoxyproline content. Antimicrobial activity of the flower extract against four microorganisms was also assessedResultsThe extract of C. roseus significantly increased the wound breaking strength in the incision wound model compared with controls (P < 0.001). The extract-treated wounds were found to epithelialize faster, and the rate of wound contraction was significantly increased in comparison to control wounds (P < 0.001), Wet and dry granulation tissue weights, and hydroxyproline content in a dead space wound model increased significantly (p < 0.05). Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated sensitivity to C. roseusConclusionIncreased wound contraction and tensile strength, augmented hydroxyproline content along with antimicrobial activity support the use of C. roseus in the topical management of wound healing.

Wound healing activity of embelin isolated from the ethanol extract of leaves of Embelia ribes Burm.

Ethanol extract of the leaves of Embelia ribes Burm. (Myrsinaceae) and its isolated quinone compound embelin were screened for wound healing activity by excision, incision and dead space wound models on Swiss Albino Rats. Significant wound healing activity was observed in both ethanol crude extract (30 mg/ml) and the constituent treated groups. In embelin treated groups (4 mg/ml of 0.2% sodium alginate gel), epithelialization of the incision wound was faster with a high rate of wound contraction. The tensile strength of the incision wound was significantly increased than the ethanol extract. In dead space wound model also the weight of the granulation was increased indicating increase in collagenation. The histological examination of the granulation tissue of embelin treated group showed increased cross-linking of collagen fibers and absence of monocytes. The wound healing effect was comparatively evaluated with the standard skin ointment Framycetin.

Effect of Centella asiatica L (Umbelliferae) on Normal and Dexamethasone-Suppressed Wound Healing in Wistar Albino Rats

Centella asiatica is a reputed medicinal plant used in the treatment of various skin diseases in the Indian system of medicine. The objective of the study presented in this article was to evaluate the wound-healing potential of the ethanolic extract of the plant in both normal and dexamethasone-suppressed wound healing. The study was done on Wistar albino rats using incision, excision, and dead space wounds models. The extract of C asiatica significantly increased the wound breaking strength in incision wound model compared to controls (P < .001). The extract-treated wounds were found to epithelize faster, and the rate of wound contraction was significantly increased as compared to control wounds (P < .001). Wet and dry granulation tissue weights, granulation tissue breaking strength, and hydroxyproline content in a dead space wound model also increased at statistically significant levels as shown. The extract of the leaves had the effect of attenuating the known effects of dexamethasone healing in all wound models (P < .001, P < .05). The results indicated that the leaf extract promotes wound healing significantly and is able to overcome the wound-healing suppressing action of dexamethasone in a rat model. These observations were supported by histology findings.

Wound healing activity ofLeucas hirta

The wound healing efficacy of aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of Leucas hirta was evaluated in excision, incision and dead space wound models. The parameters studied include rate of wound contraction, period of complete epithelialization, tensile strength of incision wound and granulation tissue, granulation tissue dry weight, hydroxyproline content and histological studies of granulation tissue. Among the two extracts studied, methanol leaf extract was found to possess significant wound healing activity followed by aqueous extract, which was evidenced by decrease in the period of epithelialization, increase in the rate of wound contraction, skin breaking strength, granulation tissue dry weight, hydroxyproline content and breaking strength of granulation tissue. Histopathological study of the granulation tissue evidenced increased collagenation when compared to control group of animals.

Wound healing activity of cyperus rotundus linn.

The present study was aimed to evaluate the wound healing activity of extract of tuber parts of Cyperus rotundus . It is a well-known plant in Indian traditional medicine. On the basis of traditional use and literature references, this plant was selected for evaluation of wound healing potential. An alcoholic extract of tuber parts of Cyperus rotundus was examined for wound healing activity in the form of ointment in three types of wound models on rats: the excision, the incision and dead space wound model. The extract ointments showed considerable difference in response in all the above said wound models as comparable to those of a standard drug nitrofurazone ointment (0.2% w/w NFZ) in terms of wound contracting ability, wound closure time and tensile strength.

Wound-Healing Property ofMomordica charantiaL. Fruit Powder

Momordica charantia Linn. fruit powder, in the form of an ointment (10% w/w dried powder in simple ointment base), was evaluated for wound-healing potential in an excision, incision and dead space wound model in rats. The rats were divided into three groups of control, treatment and reference in all three wound models, each group consisting of six rats. Wound-contraction ability in excision wound mode was measured at different time intervals on days 4, 8, 10, 12 and 14 , and the study was continued until the wound had completely healed. Tensile strength was measured in 10-day-old incision and granuloma wound. Histological studies were performed on 10-day-old sections of regenerated tissue. Powder ointment showed a statistically significant response (P < 0.01), in terms of wound-contracting ability, wound closure time, period of epithelization, tensile strength of the wound and regeneration of tissues at wound site when compared with the control group, and these results were comparable to those of a reference drug povidone iodine ointment.

Impaired Wound Healing Due to Cyclophosphamide (CLP) Alleviated by Supplemental Ginkgo biloba (GB)

Objective: To evaluate whether the extract of Ginkgo biloba (GB) could reverse the healing suppressant effect of Cyclophosphamide(CLP). Methods: The wound healing effects of CLP (12.6 mg/kg/ IP single dose on 3'd post wounding day) and GB (50 mg/kg IP) daily were tested on dead space and excision wound models in male rats. Results: CLP has significantly (p<0.05) reduced and GB has significantly(p<0.05) increased the breaking strength and hydroxyproline content of granulation tissue in dead space wounds. GB has significantly (p<0.01) reversed the suppressant effect of CLP. In case of excision wounds there was no change in wound contraction and epithelization period by CLP, GB or GB+CLP when compared to control. Conclusion: The healing suppressant effect of CLP was reversed by co-administration of GB. This effect of GB may due to its antioxidant property.

Antipyretic and wound healing activities of moringa oleifera lam. in rats

Qualitative chemical tests confirmed the presence of phytosterols, glycosides, tannins, and amino acids in the various leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera Lam., whereas its seed extracts showed the presence of phytosterols, glycosides, phenolic compounds, carbohydrates and amino acids. The ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of seeds showed significant antipyretic activity in rats, whereas ethyl acetate extract of dried leaves showed significant wound healing activity (10% extracts in the form of ointment) on excision, incision and dead space (granuloma) wound models in rats.

Wound Healing Activity of the Seed Kernels of Caesalpinia crista Linn.

Objective: To screen the wound healing activity of different extracts of seed kernels of Caesalpinia crista Linn in excision, incision and dead space wound models in albino rats. Materials and methods : Seed kernels of Caesalpinia crista Linn was defatted completely with petroleum ether (60-80°C) and then marc was subjected to continuous extraction using alcohol. The concentrated alcoholic extract was subjected to fractionation by solvent ether, ethyl acetate butanone and butanol in succession. Petroleum ether extract, alcoholic extract and four fractions were tested for various preliminary phytoconstituents and screened for wound healing activity in excision, incision and dead space wound models in albino rats. Results: Ethyl acetate fraction of seed kernel of Caesalpinia crista Linn has shown better wound healing activity in incision, excision and dead space wound models as compared to alcoholic extract and solvent ether fraction. While petroleum ether extract, butanol fraction and butanone fraction has shown the least effective wound healing activity. Conclusion: From the result obtained it can be concluded that ethyl acetate fraction of seed kernel of Caesalpinia crista Linn has significant wound healing property.

Evaluation of wound-healing potency of Vernonia arborea Hk.

<b>Objective</b> : To investigate the comparative wound-healing potency of aqueous and methanol leaf extracts of <i> Vernonia arborea</i> Hk.<br><b> Materials</b> <b> and</b> <b> Methods</b> : Excision, incision and dead space wound models were used to evaluate the wound-healing activity of <i> Vernonia arborea</i> Hk., on Swiss Wistar strain rats of either sex. In excision wound model, treatment was continued till the complete healing of the wound, in incision and dead space wound models the treatment was continued for 10 days. For topical application, 5% w/w ointment of aqueous and methanol leaf extracts was prepared in 2% sodium alginate and for oral administration suspensions containing 30 mg/ml of each of the extracts in 1% gum tragacanth were prepared. In excision and incision wound models, the control group of animals were left untreated and in dead space wound models the animals were treated with 1 ml of 1% gum tragacanth / kg, b.w. The healing of the wound was assessed by the rate of wound contraction, period of epithelialisation, skin breaking strength, granulation strength, dry granulation tissue weight, hydroxyproline estimation and histopathology of the granulation tissue.<br><b> Results</b> : Aqueous and methanol leaf extracts promoted the wound-healing activity significantly in all the wound models studied. High rate of wound contraction, decrease in the period for epithelialisation, high skin breaking strength and granulation strength, increase in dry granulation tissue weight, elevated hydroxyproline content and increased collagenation in histopathological section were observed in animals treated with methanol leaf extract and aqueous leaf extract when compared to the control group of animals.<br><b> Conclusion</b> : Methanol and aqueous leaf extracts of <i> Vernonia arborea</i> Hk. promote wound-healing activity. Methanol extract possesses better wound-healing property than the aqueous extract.<br>

Wound healing activity of the leaf extracts and deoxyelephantopin isolated from Elephantopus scaber Linn.

Objective : To evaluate the wound healing activity of the leaf extracts and deoxyelephantopin isolated from Elephantopus scaber Linn. Materials and Methods : The effect of aqueous ethanol extracts and the isolated compound deoxyelephantopin from E. scaber Linn. (Asteraceae) was evaluated on excision, incision, and dead space wound models in rats. The wound-healing activity was assessed by the rate of wound contraction, period of epithelialization, skin-breaking strength, weight of the granulation tissue, and collagen content. Histological study of the granulation tissue was carried out to know the extent of collagen formation in the wound tissue. Results : The ethanol extract and the isolated constituent deoxyelephantopin of E. scaber promoted wound-healing activity in all the three wound models. Significant ( P Conclusion : The wound-healing activity was more significant in deoxyelephantopin-treated animals.

The Effect of Ethanol Extract of Wrightia tinctoria Bark on Wound Healing in Rats

Objectives: To screen the wound healing activity of ethanol extract of Wrightia tinctoria bark using incision, excision and dead space wound models and evaluate histopathological and biochemical changes of granuloma tissue. Material and method: The bark powder of W. tinctoria was extracted with 95% ethanol by continuous heat extraction and was subjected for phytochemical investigation and screened for wound healing activity in the incision, excision and dead space wound models in rats. A supportive study made on granuloma tissue to estimate the hydroxyproline content and histopathological examination to determine the pattern of lay-down for collagen using Masson Trichrome stain. Results: Triterpenoids, steroids and saponins were found to be present in ethanol extract of the barks of W. tinctoria. In resutured incision wound model, ethanol extract showed significant breaking strength (P W. tinctoria have significant wound healing activity. The pro-healing action seems to be due to the increased synthesis of collagen, it's cross-linking as well as better alignment and maturation. This may be attributed to the presence of triterpinoids in the title plant.

Evaluation of Aqueous Extract of Pulp and Seeds of Moringa oleifera for Wound Healing in Albino Rats

Objective: To study the effect of aqueous extract of the dried pulp and seeds of Moringa oleifera on wound healing in albino rats. Materials and methods: The aqueous extract was studied at dose level of 300 mg/kg body weight using resutured incision; excision and dead space wound models in rats. Results: Significant increase in wound closure rate, skin-breaking strength, granuloma breaking strength, hydroxyproline content, granuloma dry weight and decrease in scar area was observed. The prohealing actions seem to be due to increased collagen deposition as well as better alignment and maturation. Conclusion: From the results obtained, it may be concluded that the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera has significant wound healing property. Also it can be concluded that these prohealing effects may be due to their high content of crude proteins, zinc and some anti-microbial component.

Influence of Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lim.) Leaf Extract on Wound Healing in Albino Rats

Objectives: To study the effect of Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) leaf extracts viz . petroleum ether, alcohol and water on healing of excision, resutured incision and Dead space wound models in Albino rats. Materials and Method: Excision, resutured incision and dead space wound models were induced in albino rats of either sex under light ether anaesthesia. Control animals received normal saline orally and other groups received petroleum ether, alcohol and water extract orally for a period of 10 days. Doses for all the three extracts were selected based on the results of acute toxicity studies in mice. On tenth day after estimating the breaking strength of resutured incision wounds, animals were sacrificed. In the dead space wound models granulomas were removed for estimating the breaking strength. Quantification of granuloma tissue and their biochemical and histological aspects in control as well as treated groups were estimated. In excision wound model epithelization time was measured from day-0 (wounding day) till the day of scar falling off with no raw wound left behind. The shape and size of the scar was noted on the day of complete epithelization and were followed upto the 21st post wounding day. Results: All the three extracts viz . petroleum ether, alcohol and water showed significant increase in the breaking strength of incision wound as compared to control group (p<0.001). granuloma breaking strength and hydroxyproline content of granulation tissue in dead space wound model was significantly increased as compared to control group (p<0.001). Water extract showed significant increase in wound contraction and formation of scars on 17th post wounding day in excision wound model (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate, that not only topical application of water extract hastened the healing process in excision wound model, but also all the three extracts administered orally, promoted the healing of resutured incision and dead space wounds, as indicated by increased breaking strength and hydroxyproline content of the granulation tissue, thereby justifying its use in traditional medicine.

Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory and Wound Healing Activity of Gentiana lutea Rhizome Extracts in Animals

Gentiana lutea Linn (Gentianaceae), commonly known as gentian, is widely used in the traditional system of medicine as an anti-inflammatory and wound healing agent. We examined the effectiveness of alcohol and petrol ether extracts of rhizomes of Gentiana lutea at 500 and 1000 mg/kg doses orally in the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, xylol-induced mouse ear edema and cotton pellet-induced chronic inflammatory models. Both extracts showed significant dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activities in all of these models. Both extracts exhibited significant wound healing activity at 300 and 500 mg/kg, p.o., in excision, resutured incision and dead space wound models.