De Guise Research Articles

Age-related impairment of HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux

Our aim in this study was to investigate the effect of aging on the capacity of HDLs to promote reverse cholesterol transport. HDLs were isolated from plasma of young (Y-HDL) and elderly (E-HDL) subjects. HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux was studied using THP-1 and J774 macrophages. Our results show that E-HDLs present a lower capacity to promote cholesterol efflux than Y-HDLs (41.7 +/- 1.4% vs. 49.0 +/- 2.2%, respectively; P = 0.013). Reduction in the HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity with aging was more significant with HDL(3) than HDL(2) (Y-HDL(3), 57.3 +/- 1% vs. E-HDL(3), 50.9 +/- 2%; P = 0.012). Moreover, our results show that ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux is the more affected pathway in terms of cholesterol-removing capacity. Interestingly, the composition and structure of HDL revealed a reduction in the phosphatidylcholine-sphingomyelin ratio (E-HDL, 32.7 +/- 2.7 vs. Y-HDL, 40.0 +/- 1.9; P = 0.029) and in the phospholipidic layer membrane fluidity in E-HDL compared with Y-HDL as well as an alteration in the apolipoprotein A-I structure and charge. In conclusion, our results shown that E-HDLs present a reduced capacity to promote cholesterol efflux, principally through the ABCA1 pathway, and this may explain the increase of the incidence of cardiovascular diseases observed during aging.

Mark Konnert, Local Politics in the French Wars of Religion. The Towns of Champagne, the Duc de Guise, and the Catholic League, 1560–95

Mark Konnert, <i>Local Politics in the French Wars of Religion. The Towns of Champagne, the Duc de Guise, and the Catholic League, 1560–95</i>

Local Politics in the French Wars of Religion. The Towns of Champagne, the Duc de Guise, and the Catholic League, 1560-95

Local Politics in the French Wars of Religion. The Towns of Champagne, the Duc de Guise, and the Catholic League, 1560-95

PCBs AND TCDD, Alone And In Mixtures, Modulate Marine Mammal But Not B6C3F1 Mouse Leukocyte Phagocytosis

Increasing evidence has supported the general hypothesis that organochlorines (OC) can produce immunotoxic effects in marine mammals. One important innate defense mechanism is phagocytosis, the ability of cells to ingest extracellular macromolecules. The present study is aimed at characterizing the immunomodulatory potential of mixtures of OCs on phagocytosis compared to that of individual compounds in different species of marine mammals and mice, the traditional model to study mammalian immunotoxicity. The ability of peripheral blood neutrophils and monocytes to engulf fluorescent microspheres was evaluated using flow cytometry. The immunomodulatory effects of three non-coplanar polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, 138, 153, 180, one coplanar PCB, 169, as well as 2,3,7,8-TCDD, and all possible mixtures (26) were tested upon in vitro exposure. All species were not equally sensitive to the adverse effects of OCs on either neutrophils or monocytes phagocytosis. With the exception of harbor seals, all mixtures that significantly modulated neutrophil or monocyte phagocytosis contained at least one non-coplanar PCB. Regression analysis revealed that the non-coplanar congeners, more than the coplanar congeners, explained the variability in phagocytosis. Dendrograms revealed that phylogeny could not predict immunotoxicity. The currently used toxic equivalency (TEQ) approach and the traditional mouse model both failed to predict experimentally induced immunomodulatory effects in marine mammals tested, leading us to question the reliability of both TEQs and mouse model in risk assessment of OC mixtures. Testing the relative sensitivity to immunomodulatory effects of contaminants and contaminant mixtures between different species of marine mammals may have important implications for risk assessment as well as conservation and management strategies.We would like to thank the Mystic Aquarium, Sea World, the California Department of Fish and Game, Marine Wildlife Veterinary Care and Research Center, and the Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada for providing blood samples. Funding for this work was provided by the NCER/STAR program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, with initial funding from the University of Connecticut Research Foundation. Although the research described in this article has been funded wholly or in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through grant R-82836101-0 to Sylvain De Guise, it has not been subjected to the agency’s required peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred.

'Homicides Royaux': The Assassination of the Duc and Cardinal de Guise and the Radicalization of French Public Opinion

The propaganda campaign launched in response to the assassination of the Duc and Cardinal de Guise on the orders of Henri III in December 1588 was the largest waged in the history of sixteenth-century France. Yet, it has never been the subject of systematic investigation. This article aims to fill this historiographical lacuna by presenting a broad survey of the principal arguments and techniques employed both by the Royalists, who sought to justify the act, and the Leaguers who exploited the event to radicalize Catholic opinion against Henri III. It finds that while the King was partly unwilling and partly unable to engage in any serious attempt to influence public opinion, the League exploited the media to defend the Guises as Catholic martyrs and to discredit the King as a criminal and irreligious tyrant.

Theatrum Mundi: Studies in Honour of Ronald W. Tobin by Claire L. Carlin , Kathleen Wine (review)

MLRy 99.3, 2004 773 it. Some are colleagues of Daniel Menager at Nanterre while others are drawn from France, Canada, England, Israel, Italy, Switzerland, and the USA. All the essays are in French except for Nuccio Ordine's piece on Giordano Bruno's I furori. They are distributed more or less equally between four sections, each representing one of Menager's interests within the period of the Renaissance: political ideas, poetry and politics, poetry and theology, spirituality and theology. An advantage of a collection of this kind is to focus attention on lesser-known figures of the past and their works. Thus, Catherine Magnien examines the career ofJacques Faye d'Espeisses (1544-90), a self-effacingparlementaire whose devotion to Henri III led him to ride from Krakow to Paris in record time! Using the memoirs of Philippe Hurault, comte de Cheverny, and of Nicolas de Neuville, seigneur de Villeroy, Nadine Kuperty-Tsur shows how upwardly mobile civil servants justified their conduct in the face of aristorcratic criti? cism by giving precedence to the interests of the State over those of the king. Myriam Yardeni traces the impact of the writings ofPierre de La Place and of Louis Regnier de La Planche on later Protestant historians. Michel Magnien stoutly defends the attri? bution of the Memoire sur I'edit dejfanvier to Estienne de La Boetie, and Alain Dufour considers Theodore de Beze's concept of history, particularly his reliance on docu? ments and his providentialism. In the second section, Jean Vignes explores the 'assaut de lyrisme martial' (p. 207) triggered by the conquest of Calais by the due de Guise in 1558, Philip Ford (surprisingly, the only English contributor) interprets Primaticcio 's frescoes in the Porte Doree at Fontainebleau in the light of Ronsard's Le Satyre, Yvonne Bellenger considers three sets of satirical sonnets by Jacques Grevin, and Frank Lestringant assesses La Cabale des reformez,attributed to Guillaume Reboul, as a satirical blast for the Counter-Reformation. In the third section, Jean-Claude Margolin discusses two religious poems by Charles de Bovelles published in 1552, Nicole Cazauran points to an emotional contradiction in Marguerite de Navarre's poetic response to death, Mireille Huchon focuses on a Trialogue published by Pacquier Pissart of Antwerp (1544), imperial propaganda which portrays Francois Ieras a follower of Satan. The last section opens with a examination by Mare Venard of the problems associated with translating the Pater Noster into French. A brief review of a large and diverse Festschrift cannot be more than arbitrarily selective. Suffice it to say that this well-produced volume successfully underscores the close ties binding literature, history,and religion during the French Renaissance and Reformation. University of Birmingham R. J. Knecht Theatrum Mundi: Studies in Honour of Ronald W Tobin. Ed. by Claire L. Carlin and Kathleen Wine. (EMF Critiques) Charlottesville: Rookwood Press. 2003. 280 pp. ISBN 2-7453-0729-0. This disciplined and wide-ranging volume consists of a brief biography of the distin? guished critic, a list of his voluminous publications, and some thirtyarticles, arranged in four sections, on a variety of topics reflecting the range of Ronald W. Tobin's intellectual interests. Some of these are mainstream; others, such as William Calin's study of dramatized eclogues in Occitan, are splendidly esoteric. The opening sec? tion, 'Theatre of Learning', justifies the title ofthe whole collection. Louis Van Delft revisits the metaphor of the world as theatre as an indicator of the cultural unity that prevailed in early modern Europe; Henry Phillips demonstrates how Poussin in Confirmation artfully arranges a theatrical exhibition of ecclesiastical learning; and Bernard Beugnot sees the Entretiens d'Ariste et d'Eugene as a semi-dramatic meditation . So we have theatre serving as a metaphor for the organization of knowledge. In the final three articles in this section, we also see intriguing epistemological functions 774 Reviews assigned to LTllusion comique, Phedre, and Tartuffe. In the second section, 'Comedy and the World', we see that the perception of the world as theatre was often a negative one, emphasizing illusory aspects of human existence, as in Claire Carlin's startling 'The Staging of Impotence: France's last Congres'. Similarly, while Delia Gambelli argues that Moliere...

Callosal Contribution to Procedural Learning in Children

A previous study in acallosal patients (De Guise, et al., 1999) has demonstrated the crucial role of the corpus callosum (CC) in a procedural learning task that requires the participation of both hemispheres. Because children often display limitations in interhemispheric communication linked to callosal immaturity, we expected that they would have difficulties learning a procedural skill that involved interhemispheric integration during its acquisition, but not when the skill was learned intrahemispherically. To test this hypothesis, 40 children, divided into 4 age groups (6 to 8 years, 9 to 11 years, 12 to 14 years, and 15 to 16 years), performed a modified version of the serial reaction time task developed by Nissen and Bullemer (1987). This task involves uni- or bimanual key-pressing responses to a fixed sequence of 10 visual stimuli that are repeated 80 times. All the children were able to learn the visuomotor skill in the unimanual condition and to transfer it interhemispherically. However, only the older children (12 years and over) learned the task in the bimanual (interhemispheric) condition. The results indicate that the maturation of the CC affects interhemispheric acquisition of a procedural skill in two different ways: While the immature CC appears to be sufficient to transfer a skill acquired by one hemisphere, a mature CC seems to be required to learn the skill bihemispherically. The latter skill was achieved around the age of 12, coinciding with the end of the maturation cycle of the CC. Although the young children were unable to learn the bimanual task implicitly, some of them showed explicit knowledge of the procedure, confirming once again the dissociation between explicit and implicit memory suggested by Squire (1992).

The Revolt of Paris, 1588: Aristocratic Insurgency and the Mobilization of Popular Support

The historiography of the Day of the Barricades is traditionally based on the notion of the autonomy of the “people.” This version of events conforms to the conventions of League propaganda, which aimed to distinguish between the popular uprising and the intervention of the duc de Guise, who was represented as the defender of hierarchy and order. In fact, during the preceding years he had used public ceremonies to legitimize protest against royal policy and to fashion his image as the defender of rights and of the faith. His clients and the Sixteen, well entrenched in a number of parishes and fortified by vicinage, kinship, and sociability, supported his politics of opposition. As for the events of 12 May, the popular defensive reflex of the morning must be distinguished from the afternoon counterattack led by cadres of radicals and noble insurgents. Narrative and the divergence between actual events and their representation can tell us much about the social determinants of political activism and social relations on the Barricades.

The Stained Glass at Chavenage House, Tetbury, Gloucestershire

The windows of the Great Hall, the Chapel, the Porch, the Priest's Chamber and ‘Queen Anne's Bedroom’ are all garnished with stained glass – figures, roundels, coats of arms, and interesting fragments from a variety of sources English and Continental, and of all centuries from the fifteenth to the twentieth. The most striking are perhaps the four Oxford scholars in the Great Hall, wearing their medical gowns, with the seventeenth-century arms of the Due de Guise below; the three medieval Flemish roundels in Queen Anne's Room; and in the Chapel the Virtues inspired by Reynolds’ designs for New College, Oxford, alongside a late nineteenth-century Crucifixion, no doubt by C.E. Kempe &amp; Co. The collection as a whole is fully worthy of a fine historic house.

The Stained Glass at Chavenage House, Tetbury, Gloucestershire

The windows of the Great Hall, the Chapel, the Porch, the Priest's Chamber and ‘Queen Anne's Bedroom’ are all garnished with stained glass – figures, roundels, coats of arms, and interesting fragments from a variety of sources English and Continental, and of all centuries from the fifteenth to the twentieth. The most striking are perhaps the four Oxford scholars in the Great Hall, wearing their medical gowns, with the seventeenth-century arms of the Due de Guise below; the three medieval Flemish roundels in Queen Anne's Room; and in the Chapel the Virtues inspired by Reynolds’ designs for New College, Oxford, alongside a late nineteenth-century Crucifixion, no doubt by C.E. Kempe &amp; Co. The collection as a whole is fully worthy of a fine historic house.

Article: Face-to-Face with History

Face-to-Face with History Stephen Bann (bio) I Toward the beginning of his remarkable memoir of a “political education,” Régis Debray speaks of the “image of glory” which dominated his schooldays: “a prison courtyard at six in the morning, with an execution post and the commander of the squad who does me the honours before ordering ‘Fire!’” The future companion in arms of Chè Guevara judges in retrospect that this image was generated by “two superimposed photographs.” In one of them, which is French and dates from 1944, a maquisard, bare-headed and with a smile on his lips, stands before a line of soldiers. In the other, taken in Mexico in 1917 by Casasola, the execution of Fortino Samano is shown: with “a broad-brimmed felt hat pulled down over his eyes, and a cigar between his teeth . . . the anarchist throws a mocking grin at his uniformed riflemen, out of frame.” 1 The memoir writer and media expert Debray has become half a century later hastens to tell us that both of these powerful photographs were not what they seemed to be. The smiling French martyr turned out, on further enquiry, to be a young militia man executed for war crimes at the time of the Liberation. The gripping image produced by Agustin Victor Casasola, who founded the first photographic agency to operate in Mexico, was a professional piece of work, and showed the celebrated Samano posing before his execution. The line of riflemen, out of frame, was supplied by the viewer’s imagination, just as (in Barthes’s well-known example) the Tricolor was the inevitable object of the young black soldier’s salute. 2 This essay, however, is not going to be yet another piece on the photograph’s capacity to lie, or on the fascinating iconographic heritage of the image of the firing squad, from Goya through Manet to Jean Renoir. 3 What I want to do is relate the existential dimension Debray evokes to the undoubted currency, in the present period, of exhibitions of visual art that seek to place us, in one way or another, in the presence of history. Face à l’histoire—face-to-face with history—was the title of a vast and disorderly rag-bag of twentieth-century works that occupied large areas of the Centre Pompidou in 1996–97, and it can serve as an [End Page 235] epitome of the necessary failure of such a project. If all these heterogeneous art objects notionally shared a common historical period, their mode of reference was either so elliptical as to compress the event into nothingness or so replete with iconography as to raise, inevitably, the question of conscious staging, of “posing.” On Kawara’s meticulous panels inscribed with a date, a month and year made history auto-referential, despite the newspapers of the same date metonymically annexed to their display. On the other hand, the light boxes of Jeff Wall revived the issue of “history painting” not as a privileged condensation of past events (the nineteenth-century aspiration) but as an Albertian project of copious and well-articulated narrative. It is arguable that the concept of being “face-to-face with history” depends radically on that of being “face-to-face” with a work of art, in the precise circumstances in which the culture of images has been transformed, over the past century and a half, to accommodate a new kind of spectator. In other words, the issue of historical reference, in the literal sense, takes second place to the fact that we are spectators schooled in a new type of empathetic relationship to the pictorial image, involving the experience of instant access to its otherness. Wolfgang Kemp has astutely reinterpreted the notion of reception theory to fit a new kind of disposition of space in nineteenth-century painting, which arguably begins with Paul Delaroche’s Assassination of the Duc de Guise (1834) and finds its mature expression in his pupil Gérôme’s Death of Marshal Ney (1868). In relation to the foreshortened corpse of the dead marshal, as Kemp puts it, the spectator’s position “is that of the eyewitness. . . . He is someone who comes upon...

Music and the silent film: contexts and case studies, 1895-1924

Most people's view of silent film music is of a pianist playing old warhorse scores while watching the flickering screen. This innovative book shows that there was much more to silent film music and that often it was planned from the start as an integral part of the film. The first of three volumes investigating film music, this book devotes one chapter to films before 1900 and Camille Saint-Saens's score for L'Assassinat du Duc de Guise (1908). Another chapter looks closely at film scores composed by Walter Cleveland Simon for several films of 1912. The two main chapters are devoted to significant films of the silent period, D.W. Griffith's The Birth of a Nation (1915) and Rene Clair's Entr'acte (1924). Breil's Birth of a Nation score was a compilation of many sources, but, when played by an orchestra accompanying the film in a theatre showing, it often matched the epic nature of the film and was one source of its great popularity.

Acute Myocardial Infarction: Risk Stratification in the Thrombolytic Era

Acute Myocardial Infarction: Risk Stratification in the Thrombolytic Era

Provincial Governors and Their Regimes during the French Wars of Religion: The Duc de Guise and the City Council of Chalons-sur-Marne

En plus de leurs pouvoirs militaires formels, les gouverneurs provinciaux francais du XVI e siecle disposent d'importants patronages. En analysant les relations entre le gouverneur de Champagne, le duc de Guise (egalement leader de la Ligue catholique), et le conseil municipal de Châlons-sur-Marne, on remarque que les differents elements du regime du gouverneur existent dans une symbiose precaire. Le reseau de patronage des Guise sur le conseil apparait trop faible pour que la ville reste dans le giron de la Ligue. Le conseil est oppose au programme de celle-ci et affirme que Guise a neglige son role d'administrateur au profit de celui de chef politique catholique

Neither Politique nor Patriot? Henri, duc de Montmorency and Philip II, 1582–1589

In 1581 Antoinette de La Marck, the devout duchesse de Montmorency made a pilgrimage to the shrine of the Virgin at Montserrat in Catalonia. The next year her husband Henri de Montmorency, the governor of Languedoc, corresponded with the viceroy of Catalonia about the problem of banditry which was rife on both sides of the frontier. In 1583, Montmorency's servant carried letters to Charles Emmanuel, duke of Savoy, hidden in the soles of his shoes. During the festivities for the wedding of Charles Emmanuel to the infanta Catalina in 1585, Giuseppe Lercaro, Montmorency's Genoese-born intendant desfinances, spent some ten days in Barcelona concealed in the lodgings of Savoy's ambassador and had several clandestine interviews with both the duke and his new father-in-law Philip II. In 1588 Philip offered 100,000 francs towards the dowry of Montmorency's daughter Charlotte, provided that she married the son of the due de Guise and thus reconciled the two families whose rivalry had dominated the French political scene since the 1540s. These incidents, unremarkable as they may individually appear, formed part of the negotiations between Henri due de Montmorency and Philip II which, in notable contrast to those of the Spanish king with the Guise family, have been little studied by historians. Consequently, Montmorency's reputation now is generally that of a politique and patriot. This paper offers a rather different appraisal of him.

Some unknown fragments of Die ieeste van iulius cesar

Examination of MS 75 B 14 of the Koninklijke Bibliotheek, The Hague, disclosed the presence in the volume of two repair strips containing fragments of the incunable Die ieeste van iulius cesar (Gouda, Printer of Die ieeste van iulius cesar, 1486-93). The text of this incunable is a translation of the Annales du Hainaut of Jacques de Guise, part one, book four. By comparing the text on the strips with the text of the Annales it was possible to identify the strips. One strip turned out to fit into folia g2r. and g3v. of the extant copy of the incunable, the other as belonging in between folia g3v. and g4r. The text of this appears to be missing in the copy. Reconstruction of that part of the text results in a gathering g which may have consisted of 10 folia which would have given a collation of a-e 8 , f 6 , g 10 , h 6 .

A Sweet servitude: A musician's life at the Court of Mille de Guise

A Sweet servitude: A musician's life at the Court of Mille de Guise Patricia Ranum Patricia Ranum Researching the musical patronage of the Guises She also studies French rhetoric and its influence upon vocal and instrumental music, 1600–1750 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Early Music, Volume XV, Issue 3, August 1987, Pages 347–360, https://doi.org/10.1093/earlyj/XV.3.347 Published: 01 August 1987

The Assassination of François Duc de Guise, February 1563

François due de Guise, commander of the French catholic forces, was assaulted by Poltrot de Mérey (or Méré) before Orléans on 18 February 1563. He succumbed six days later, on 24 February, to the attentions of his surgeons, whose lethal ministrations are horribly retailed by the Spanish ambassador, Chantonnay. On that fatal day, Guise had gone to inspect his camp in the suburb called Portereau from which his forces were sapping and mining the stronghold of Orléans, occupied for the past year by the protestant confederates of the prince de Condé. The capture of this city, then considered imminent, would have been the fourth military episode of the first French civil war. But, instead of the expected collapse of Orléans and the continuation of war, France was rocked by the unexpected death of Guise which effectively interrupted hostilities.

Representation of cardiac electrical activity by a moving dipole for normal and ectopic beats in the intact dog.

Representation of cardiac electrical activity by a moving dipole for normal and ectopic beats in the intact dog.

The Meaning of Solitude in Montaigne's Essays

Unlike the swashbuckling adventures of a Renaissance hero such as Benvenuto Cellini, the Essays of Michel de Montaigne present us with an introspective study of a Renaissance man. In the very year of Cellini's death, 1571, Montaigne retired at the age of thirty-eight from public life. His intention was twofold: first, to manage his estate at Montaigne, and secondly and more importantly, to study himself and and to write about this introspective study. It is true, of course, that Montaigne did not remain in retirement-he later served two terms as mayor of Bordeaux, and his estate was visited by both the Duc de Guise and Henri de Navarre-but, in 1571, he was determined to withdraw from society for a time in order to ponder the problem of death and the meaning of life. To this end, he had at his disposal an admirable subject for observation, namely himself. success of his work is a proof of how well he is able to describe the thoughts that pass through his mind. That is no doubt why Donald M. Frame says: The best book about Montaigne was written long ago, by Montaigne himself.1 This paper will focus on Chapter XXXIX of Book I of the Essays, a chapter entitled On Solitude; but with a writer as discursive as Montaigne, we cannot restrict ourselves to one section of the work. We shall, therefore, examine the Essays in general with the intention of determining Montaigne's meaning of solitude.