DD Type Research Articles

A configurational theory of digital disruption

AbstractDigital Disruption (DD) has become a hot topic in recent years, yet detailed research is surprisingly lacking. The literature offers almost no insights into how DD occurs at the industry level and what industry factors influence it. This paper advances knowledge of DD by developing and testing a configurational theory. Using a multi‐method research design, we identify two types of DD and four industry factors (downstream DD, digitally enabled structural conflict, transferability of core competitive elements, and industry player size) that contingently lead to the different types of DD. We integrate those findings into a configurational theory that describes causal recipes of how these factors or conditions combine to produce the outcome of transformational DD and destructive DD. The theory offers important implications for researchers and practitioners. The research also contributes methodologically by demonstrating the merits of combining grounded theory with qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to expand the theory‐building potential of QCA.

Study on distribution characteristics of wireless charging system coupling mechanism

Coupling mechanism is one of the key issues in the research of electric vehicle wireless charging system. Single D and DD are two kinds of coupling mechanism commonly used in wireless charging system, and spatial magnetic field distribution are different depending on the coupling mechanism. In this paper, the expressions of magnetic flux density at any point in a single D and DD were derived. A 3D magnetic field measurement platform was built and the magnetic field distribution was drawn. The experimental results show that in the primary test, single D type magnetic induction intensity is 1.18 times of DD type, with the increase of the transmission distance, DD type coupling mechanism of magnetic induction intensity attenuation is slow, and on the secondary side of DD type magnetic induction intensity is 1.12 times of D type.

The Diversity Effect Of Exercise On Endothelialfunction In Postmenopausal Women With ACE D/I Polymorphism

PURPOSE: Increased incidences of cardiovascular disorder and metabolic syndrome particularly in postmenopausal women have raised curiosity for the underlying factors. One potential mechanism by which endothelial dysfunction may promote early arterial stiffness is by causing estrogen deficiency. It is reported that physical exercise counteracts the occurrence of above disorders, while a few others show no change. The training response differs among individuals partly due to genetic composition. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (D/I) polymorphism related to physical performance in athletes has been well-reported. The present study was to observe the effects of 12 weeks exercise (aerobic exercise and resistance training) on endothelial function in postmenopausal women with different D/I polymorphism of ACE gene. METHODS: 122 postmenopausal women aged 45-75 years were randomly divided into aerobic exercise group (DI/II=65, DD=6) and resistance training group (DI/II=42, DD=9). Body composition, TC, HDL, LDL, endothelial function, endothelium-derived relaxing factor and contracting factor were analyzed. RESULTS: TC, blood lipid abnormality rate, blood glucose and visceral fat in DI/II type were decreased more significantly after aerobic exercise compared with DD type. Aerobic exercise showed markedly positive effects in LDL, hyperglycemia, overweight/obesity, high body fat rate, abnormal waist-hip ratio and visceral fat in DI/II, while resistance training in LDL, blood glucose (5.34±0.73 vs 4.46±0.34mmol/l, P<0.01), waist-hip ratio and visceral fat (96.60±13.84 vs 61.33±8.65cm2, P<0.05) in DD type. Aerobic exercise showed more obviously increased FMD (9.65±1.85 vs 11.00±1.99%, P<0.05), NO (68.31±4.67 vs 76.38±4.01umol/l, P<0.05), NO/ET-1 (0.91±0.11 vs 1.04±0.11, P<0.05) and decreased SBP (123.84±15.98 vs 109.89±13.56mmHg, P<0.05), DBP in DI/II than in DD type. Resistance training increased FMD (7.12±0.70 vs 9.56±0.78%, P<0.05), NO/ET-1 and decreased SBP, DBP, baPWV, ET-1, AngII more significantly in DD type than in DI/II type. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise positively influences endothelial functions, independent of ACE D/I polymorphism; and DI/II carriers show a better response to aerobic exercise, while DD carriers to resistance exercise.

Improvement of Patient Satisfaction and Anorectal Manometry Parameters After Biofeedback Therapy in Patients with Different Types of Dyssynergic Defecation.

Biofeedback is a well-known and effective treatment for patients with fecal evacuation disorder (FED). The main purpose of this study was to investigate the outcome and the effects of biofeedback therapy on physiological parameters as assessed by manometry in patients with FED. Data from 114 consecutive patients with FED who underwent biofeedback therapy in Sara Gastrointestinal clinic in Tehran, Iran during 2015-2018 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. All participants underwent a comprehensive evaluation of anorectal function that included anorectal manometry and a balloon expulsion test at the baseline and after biofeedback therapy. Maximum anal squeeze pressure and sustained anal squeeze pressure were improved up to 100% and 94.7% of normal values in the patients after biofeedback, respectively (P < 0.001). First rectal sensation, was significantly decreased (25 ± 18.5 vs. 15.5 ± 5.2) while the maximum tolerable volume was significantly increased (233.6 ± 89.7 vs. 182.4 ± 23.1) after biofeedback therapy (P < 0.001). Type I dyssynergia was the most common type, effecting 82 cases (71.9%) of our patients. Dyssynergia parameters were improved 50-80% in 34 (41.5%) and 10 (31.3%) type I and non-type I patients, respectively. Over 80% improvement of dyssynergia parameters occurred in 48 (58.5%) and 22 (68.8%) type I and non-type I patients, respectively. These differences were not statistically significant between the two groups (P = 0.3). In addition, the ability to reject the balloon was significantly better in post intervention measurements (P < 0.001). Biofeedback not only improves the symptoms in patients of FED but also reverses more than 80% the dyssynergic parameters of defecation. However, due to the general effectiveness of biofeedback treatment in different types of DD, there were no significant differences between their improvement scores.

Mental health outcomes among parents of a child who has a developmental disability: Comparing different types of developmental disability

BackgroundThere is very little information on the effects of different types of developmental disability on the mental health of parents of children who have a DD. ObjectiveThis paper compared the mental health of parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Down syndrome, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and other types of DD. MethodsA cross-sectional design was used to examine population-level administrative health data for mental health outcomes in cohorts of fathers and mothers of children with four different types of a DD. As well as type of DD, additional variables were examined, these included: sex of the parent, age of the parent at birth of the child with the DD, income, sex of the child with the DD, number of children in the family and place of residence. ResultsFor both fathers and mothers odds of a diagnosis of depression or another mental health problem were associated with type of DD. Parents of children with FAS experienced the greatest odds of a depression or other mental health diagnosis. Odds of a diagnosis for fathers were associated with low income. Odds of a diagnosis for mothers were associated with the sex of the child with the DD. ConclusionsThese findings are important for understanding families which include a child with a DD, as a guide for future research, and for developing effective programs and services for these parents.

Solenoid antenna of radio engineering system of metal identification

The detection of metallic objects hidden in a dielectric medium is carried out with the aid of metal detectors constructed on a vortical current principle. Then detected metal is identified. For identification of metals, as usual, chemical, optoelectric, X-ray methods are used. But detection and identification can be done simultaneously using the graphic-digital image method. In such devices a coaxial solenoid antenna of the frame type is used. But it has low sensitivity, uneven depth sensitivity and a significant parasitic connection between the receiving and transmitting antennas. From such shortcomings, a free antenna is a DD type system, but it does not allow the use of a graphical-digital signal processing method. Therefore, a new design of the antenna system is proposed, which allows us to take advantage of the considered signal processing method and DD antennas. It is characterized in that one of the antennas, for example, a transmitter, consists of two parts that are symmetrically placed relative to the second and creates two active radiation zones, such as a coaxial antenna, but are similar to the radiation zones of the DD type antenna.

The Age-dependent Changes In Cardiovascular Risk Factors Associated With Endothelial Function In Women Of Han Nationality With Ace D/I Polymorphism In Beijing

PURPOSE: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) I/D polymorphism influences ACE activity, with the D allele associated with higher angiotensin II production, which can have adverse effects on endothelial function through the promotion of vasoconstriction. Age is an independent risk factor for endothelial dysfunction, and postmenopausal women because estrogen deficiency affects their endothelial function. The present study was to investigate the trend of cardiovascular risk factors for endothelial function with aging in Han nationality women with ACE D/I polymorphism in Beijing. METHODS: A total of 391 females, age from 22 y to 75 y, were selected for analyzing the relationship between ACE I/D polymorphism and cardiovascular risk factors for endothelial function, (Ages 20-44: 120; Ages 45-59: 150; Ages 60-75: 121). Body composition, serum lipids metabolism, endothelial function, endothelium-derived relaxing factor and contracting factor were analyzed. RESULTS: The distribution characteristics of ACE I genotype and D genotype in han Chinese women in Beijing were as follows: Ages 20-44: 63.74% and 36.26%; Ages 45-59:67.33% and 32.67%; Ages 60-75:64.34% and 35.66%. There was no age associated with differential expression. Along with the women aging, DI/II genotype had higher TG level, higher chance of hyperglycemia and lower HDL level. The percentage of body fat and visceral fat significantly increased than DD type did. FMD, blood pressure, baPWV and IMT increased earlier and DBP abnormality rate, IMT, IMT thickening rate had more severe increases than DD type. The decrease of NO and NO/ET-1 and the increase of ET-1 and AngIIwere more significant compared with DD type. The interaction between age and ACE gene D/I polymorphisms could remarkably affect vascular endothelial function. CONCLUSIONS: There was no age associated with differential expression in ACE D/I polymorphism in Women of Han nationality in Beijing. The interaction between age and ACE D/I polymorphisms plays a key role in endothelial dysfunction, in which DI/II genotype is vulnerable to endothelial dysfunction and arteriosclerosis with aging.

Magnetic Analysis of Copper Coil Power Pad with Ferrite Core for Wireless Charging Application

Wireless charging can automate the charging of electrical devices, very quickly connected with IoT based smart systems. The efficiency of wireless charging collectively depends on the design of the power pad, the frequency level of power transfer, the distance between the transmitter and receiver, alignment between the coils. Coils design comprehend the shape of the coil, material of the coil used, the thickness of the wire used and core shape and material used in the core. The manuscript compares the power pad coil shapes, with the introduction of ferrite material core across the coils to design an extremely efficient power pad for the wireless charging of electric vehicle. A 3D finite element method was used for analysis, due to the unconventional distribution of the flux. Only three types of coils, D, DD, and DDQ, are taken for analysis of magnetic core introduction. The comparison is made based on simulation results, magnetic flux pattern as well as data imported from the results. Ansys 3D Maxwell simulation software is used to simulate the magnetic pattern of the power pad coils. Finally, the results show the DD type coil shows the best magnetic fields and the maximum coupling coefficient with the maximum misalignment tolerance and the ferrite core across the coils have aligned the magnetic flux pattern and slightly improved the coupling coefficient.

Characterization of gluten proteins and celiac disease-related immunogenic epitopes in the Triticeae: cereal domestication and breeding contributed to decrease the content of gliadins and gluten

Wheat proteins are important for the physico-chemical properties of bread-dough and contribute to the protein intake in the human diet. In certain individuals, an immunological reactivity of the gluten protein family is strongly implicated in the etiology of celiac disease (CD) and non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS). There is evidence that gluten-related disorders have increased in frequency in recent years. Gluten proteins were characterized and quantified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) while the occurrence of CD immunogenic epitopes was searched in the gliadin sequences of Triticeae within the NCBI database. We have observed a tendency toward low content of gliadins in cultivated species compared to that of the wild ancestors in all Triticeae members. Regarding the glutenin subunits, there was no clear trend, but levels tended to be higher in cultivated species. Thousand-kernel weight is higher for domesticated and cultivated species. Quantification of DQ2- and DQ8-restricted epitopes in gliadin sequences showed a great variability in the number of CD epitopes per species and genome. A higher frequency of immunnogenic epitopes was found to be associated with genomes of the DD, BBAADD, and RR type. Durum wheats tend to have a lower content of gluten and CD immunogenic epitopes. Cultivated barley could be an alternative cereal with low immunogenic epitopes and low gluten. The results reported in this study suggest that domestication and breeding have contributed to a decrease in the content of gliadins and total gluten in the Triticeae species over time.

Effect of lisinopril on cardio-pulmonary function and 6 minutes walking distance in patients with hypertension

Objective To compare the difference of antihypertensive efficacy, the result of heart and lung function test (CPET) and 6 minutes walking distance (6MWD) in hypertension patients with different angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms. Methods 120 patients with hypertension were randomly divided into four groups: the control group treated with nifedipine zyban, perimental group of group A (II), group B ( ID ), group C ( DD ) treated with lisinopril tablets.The blood pressure control situation, the changes of the CPET and 6MWD results were compared in the four groups 3 and 6 months after treatment. Results After 3 months, there were no significant changes in blood pressure drop of the four groups, and the differences were no statistically significant among the four groups in the range of blood pressure drop(all P>0.05), the body mass, maximum oxygen uptake (VO2/kg) and 6MWD of the four groups were not significantly changed..After 6 months, the blood pressure of the four groups decreased, and there were no statistically significant differences between the four groups in the drop of blood pressure(all P>0.05), VO2/kg(mL): the control group(17.94±1.51)mL, group A(18.04±1.85)mL, group B(19.70±1.25)mL, group C(21.25±2.20)mL and 6MWD: the control group(448.66±50.26)m, group A(445.07±41.21)m, group B(488.56±55.66)m, group C(500.54±53.25)m.The improvement range of VO2/kg and 6MWD was group C>B>A(group B compared with group A: ct=12.01, P=0.03; group C compared with group B: dt=17.26, P=0.02), there were no statistically significant differences between the control group and group A(all P>0.05). Conclusion This study found no ACE genotype associated with the antihypertensive effects of lisinopril, but found improvement of CPET and 6MWD result in different groups, DD type is superior to the ID, the ID type is better than type II. Key words: Lisinopril; Hypertension

Biological welfare and the commons: A natural experiment in the Alps, 1765–1845

In the late 18th century hundreds self-governing alpine communities in Northern Italy came under the direct control of centralized states (Austria and France) at different times. We exploit the timing and location of these interventions in a DD type design to investigate the effects of removing CPR institutions on biological welfare. We find a significant and persistent increase in infant mortality rates and a more modest decrease in birth rates as a result of state centralization. We provide evidence that these demographic changes reflect a critical loss of natural resource income caused by the disruption of communal institutions. Impacts are most severe in communities that have no prior experience with formal institutions.

Association of phenyldiboronic acids with hydrogen bond acceptors to form hydrogen bonded DD·AA-type complexes: a DFT study

DD·AA-type complexes of phenyldiboronic acids.

The DEG/ENaC cation channel protein UNC-8 drives activity-dependent synapse removal in remodeling GABAergic neurons.

Genetic programming and neural activity drive synaptic remodeling in developing neural circuits, but the molecular components that link these pathways are poorly understood. Here we show that the C. elegans Degenerin/Epithelial Sodium Channel (DEG/ENaC) protein, UNC-8, is transcriptionally controlled to function as a trigger in an activity-dependent mechanism that removes synapses in remodeling GABAergic neurons. UNC-8 cation channel activity promotes disassembly of presynaptic domains in DD type GABA neurons, but not in VD class GABA neurons where unc-8 expression is blocked by the COUP/TF transcription factor, UNC-55. We propose that the depolarizing effect of UNC-8-dependent sodium import elevates intracellular calcium in a positive feedback loop involving the voltage-gated calcium channel UNC-2 and the calcium-activated phosphatase TAX-6/calcineurin to initiate a caspase-dependent mechanism that disassembles the presynaptic apparatus. Thus, UNC-8 serves as a link between genetic and activity-dependent pathways that function together to promote the elimination of GABA synapses in remodeling neurons.

사상체질과 ACE 유전자 다형성 분류에 따른 유·무산소성 능력비교

Purpose. This study of purpose was to to compare of Aerobic and Anaerobic Capacity between Sasang Constitutions and ACE Gene Polymorphism. Methods. 24 healthy males were participated in this experiment who were in their twenties and had no disease, then they were divided by ACE type and by Sasang constitutions with QSCC II. According to these group, the body compositon, Aerobic capacity including VO2max, Anaerobic Capacity were measured. Results. In this study, According to ACE type, ID type were 8, II were 8 and DD type were 8 persons. According to ACE type, there were significant difference among type, especially, II, ID type more than DD. II type is more higher than any type and DD type is lower in the ratio of Blood Lactic recovery. DD type was more excellent than other type in Anaerobic power. According to Sasang Constitutions, there were 8 SoYang, 5 Taeum, 11 Soeum and then no TaeYang constitution. In Aerobic capacity, Taeum constitution had significantly high means and Anaerobic threshold. In the ratio of Blood lactic recovery, Taeum constitution was excellent and SoYang had poor recovery capacity. SoYang had more excellent than other constitution significantly in Anaerobic capacity. Comparing ACE type with Sasang constitution, Soyang constitution included 4 ID types, Taeum inclued 2 II types and 2 ID types then Soeum included 6 DD types. Compared of Aerobic and Anaerobic capacity between Sasang constitutions and ACE type, Soyang constitutions were similar to ID type, Taeum similar to II type and ID type and then Soeum were DD type. Conclusions. This study had made it clear that there were similar feature between ACE type and Sasang constitutions. Also it`s possible to predict the Aerobic capacity that may be foreseen by ACE type with Sasang questionnaire method but not Anaerobic capacity.

Association of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme I/D and α-actinin-3 R577X Genotypes with Growth Factors and Physical Fitness in Korean Children.

This study analyzed the differences in aerobic and anaerobic exercise ability and growth-related indicators, depending on the polymorphism of the ACE and the ACTN3 genes, to understand the genetic influence of exercise ability in the growth process of children. The subjects of the study consisted of elementary school students (n=856, age 10.32±0.07 yr). The anthropometric parameters, physical fitness and growth factors were compared among groups of the ACE I/D or the ACTN3 R577X polymorphisms. There were no significant differences between the anthropometric parameters, physical fitness and growth factors for the ACE gene ID or the ACTN3 gene R577X polymorphism. However, the DD type of ACE gene was highest in the side step test (p<0.05), and the DD type was significantly higher than the II+ID type (p<0.05) in the early bone age. The combined group of the ACE gene II+ID and the ACTN3 gene XX type significantly showed lower early bone age (p< 0.05). This study did not find any individual or compounding effects of the polymorphism in the ACE I/D or the ACTN3 R577X polymorphisms on the anthropometric parameters, physical fitness and growth factors of Korean children. However, the exercise experience and the DD type of the ACE gene may affect the early maturity of the bones.

Identification of the predominant nonrestoring allele for Owen-type cytoplasmic male sterility in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.): development of molecular markers for the maintainer genotype

Hybrid seed production in sugar beet relies on cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). As time-consuming and laborious test crosses with a CMS tester are necessary to identify maintainer lines, development of a marker-assisted selection method for the rf gene (the nonrestoring allele of restorer-of-fertility locus) is highly desirable for sugar-beet breeding. To develop such a method, we investigated genetic variation at the Rf1 locus, one of two Rf loci known in sugar beet. After HindIII-digestion, genomic DNAs from beet plants known to have a restoring Rf1 allele yielded a range of hybridization patterns on agarose gels, indicating that Rf1 is a multi-allelic locus. However, the hybridization patterns of 22 of 23 maintainer lines were indistinguishable. The nucleotide sequences of the rf1 coding regions of these 22 maintainer lines were found to be identical, confirming that the lines had the same rf1 allele. Two PCR markers were developed that targeted a downstream intergenic sequence and an intron of Rf1. The electrophoretic patterns of both markers indicated multiple Rf1 alleles, one of which, named the dd(L) type, was associated with the maintainer genotype. To test the validity of marker-assisted selection, 147 sugar beet plants were genotyped using these markers. Additionally, the 147 sugar beet plants were crossed with CMS plants to determine whether they possessed the maintainer genotype. Analysis of 5038 F1 offspring showed that 53 % of the dd(L) plants, but none of the plants with other alleles, had the maintainer genotype. Thus, selection for the dd(L) type considerably enriched the proportion of plants with the maintainer genotype.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11032-013-9854-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Can R-parity violation hide vanilla supersymmetry at the LHC?

Abstract Current experimental constraints on a large parameter space in supersymmetric models rely on the large missing energy signature. This is usually provided by the lightest neutralino which stability is ensured by R-parity. However, if R-parity is violated, the lightest neutralino decays into the standard model particles and the missing energy cut is not efficient anymore. In particular, the U DD type R-parity violation induces the neutralino decay to three quarks which potentially leads to the most difficult signal to be searched at hadron colliders. In this paper, we study the constraints on R-parity violating supersymmetric models using a same-sign dilepton and a multijet signatures. We show that the gluino and squarks lighter than TeV are already excluded in the constrained minimal supersymmetric standard model with the R-parity violation if their masses are approximately equal. We also analyze constraints in a simplified model with the R-parity violation. We compare how the R-parity violation changes some of the observables typically used to distinguish a supersymmetric signal from standard model backgrounds.

A rare condition affecting the primary and permanent dentition: Dentin dysplasia type I

Dentin dysplasia type I is a genetic defect of dentin formation, which is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. In this anomaly, the teeth generally appear unremarkable with normal crowns; and it is characterized by normal appearing crowns, absence or severe restriction of root formation, obliterated pulp chambers, and periapical radiolucencies without an obvious cause. Clinically, the teeth can be poorly aligned, drifting and mobile, and can prematurely exfoliate due to abnormal root formation. This condition is rarely encountered in dental practice. Little is known about the specific treatment of this disorder and management of patients with dentin dysplasia has presented with problems. This report documents a rare case of DD type I in a 7-year-old girl and the clinical, radiographical and histopathological findings of this condition.

Stability and Exchange in a Generalized Diamond-Dybvig Model

The recent literature on bank runs, following Diamond and Dybvig (1983), studies the banking sector in isolation from the greater economy. Here we model an economy that includes not only DD type bank depositors but also producers of goods. This multi-sector model improves social welfare in three ways: Asset diversification creates a welfare improvement for all agents. Value is created through exchange as deposits may be traded for real goods. Exchange improves bank solvency which reduces the probability of a bank run. These results are consistent with historical evidence from the U.S. banking system.

CANT1 mutation is also responsible for Desbuquois dysplasia, type 2 and Kim variant

BackgroundDesbuquois dysplasia (DD) is a recessively inherited condition characterised by short stature, generalised skeletal dysplasia and advanced bone maturation. DD is both clinically and radiographically heterogeneous, and two subtypes have...