DC Motor System Research Articles

Speed Control of DC Motor Using PSO Tuned PI Controller

The control of DC motor system is difficult and mathematically tedious due to their high non linearity property. To overcome this difficulty, a new approach has been required. This paper presented a systematic procedure to develop PI based speed controller for DC motor. The designing of speed controller through state estimation approaches. The optimal parameter of PI controller is finding out by using PSO algorithms.The performances and characteristics of DC motor are observed. The simulation results verify that steady state error is reduced, the rising time is improved and the disturbances affect is reduced hence the better performances of DC motor. with a constant speed rotating field. It is observed that most of the industry is operating under stress condition further load parameter and control variable exhibit uncertainness in real practice and in fact these are random variables. Calculated values of load variable normally contain various inaccuracies. It has been observed that error may vary in the range of 5-10%. A few percentage error may be required tolerable in the area of the load speed controlling where these inaccuracies in the entire controller. In such situation minor inaccuracy in speed control are of little concern. Further the speed controller can always be designed to have sufficiently low effect on the non linearity of DC motor; so as to worst effect of parameter uncertainty can be accounted. In real time operation, the situation is different; design controller may encounter situation never imagined by designer before it took its present shape. Hence, in real time operation condition, risk of affecting nonlinearity of motor is always present. Here it is designed a controller which not affects the nonlinearity in DC motor. II. DcMotor The stator of the DC motor has poles, which are excited by DC current to produce Magnetic fields. The rotor has a ring-shaped laminated iron-core with slots. Coils with several turns are placed in the slots. The distance between the two legs of the coil is about 180 electric degrees. DC motors are characterized by their versatility. By means of various combinations of shunt, series and separately excited field winding they can be designed to display a wide variety of volt ampere or speed torque characteristics for both dynamic and steady state operation. The separately excited dc motor model is chosen for its good electrical and mechanical performances rather than other DC motor models. The DC motor is driven by applied voltage. In DC motor, the torque may be controlled by varying the armature current or field current. One of these is varied to control the torque while the other is held constant.

ON MINIMAL INDUCTION OF THYRISTOR DRIVE SMOOTHING THROTTLE UNDER CONVERTER EDGE OPERATING CONDITIONS

The smoothing throttle operations in the DC-motor circuit of a thyristor drive are studied. The main mathematical and graphic dependences of the smoothing throttle Lс inductance modification on the control angle, and on the number of the thyristor converter (TC) phases are given. The situation of the technological machine (TM) executing mechanism (EM) low conveying speed and of the armature pulsating current zone (PCZ) reduction is considered. In this case, it is reasonable to determine the minimal induction value of the smoothing throttle (Lс) at the boundary control angle αboun equal to 50—60 electric degrees for the increase in the mechanical characteristic rigidity of the DC motor. Then, the throttle magnetic conductor condition is defined by the branches of the specific limit asymmetric hysteresis cycle characterizing the electromagnetic processes in the magnetic conductor under the influence of the unipolar current pulses. Thus, the efficiency of the throttle core usage is defined through the incremental induction, i.e. through the difference in the residual induction B(0) levels, and the magnetic conductor material saturation induction. The airgap injection (δ) stabilizes the core equivalent magnetic capacity which can be broken by heating the throttle magnetic conductor with the armature current, by the environmental temperature fluctuations, and by the operation conditions of the thyristor drive. At the minimum inductance Lc of a smoothing throttle (for a boundary angle αboun), effects of the stabilizing factors of the core equivalent magnetic capacity (with airgap δ) decrease, PCZ is excluded. This permits to reduce electric losses in the power contour of the TC — DC-motor system, and also to form the required rigidity of the DC-motor mechanical characteristics, and the TM EM movement steadiness in the anchor low rotation frequency zones.

자전거 거치대 잠금장치의 부하시 효율개선을 위한 구동모터성능비교에 관한 연구

This paper presents the design and implementation of a Bicycle Locker System. Generally DC motor has been used to control a Bicycle Locker System, but DC motor system requires frequent maintenances and its power efficiency is comparatively poor especially under heavy load conditions. In order to improve this difficulties, this paper adopts BLDC motor for a Bicycle Locker System and its motor controller is developed. The performances of locker units are compared between DC motor unit and BLDC motor unit. The motor power consumptions between two motors are discussed. Test results verify that power efficiency of the suggested BLDC drive unit is considerably improved compared to the DC drive unit with load condition.

Robust Tracking Control of Networked Control Systems: Application to a Networked DC Motor

This paper investigates robust H2 and H∞ step tracking control methods for networked control systems subject to random time delays modeled by Markov chains. To make full use of the delay information, the proposed two-mode dependent output feedback controller depends on both sensor-to-controller and controller-to-actuator delays. To actively compensate for the controller-to-actuator delays, we propose the “send all, apply one” scheme: Sending a sequence of control signals, then at the actuator/plant node, applying the appropriate control signal according to the actual controller-to-actuator delay. Using the augmentation method, the resulting closed-loop system can be formulated as a discrete-time Markovian jump linear system. The H2 and H∞ step tracking problems are tackled by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities with nonconvex constraints. Both numerical simulations and experiments on a networked dc motor system are conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Event-triggered maximum likelihood state estimation

The event-triggered state estimation problem for linear time-invariant systems is considered in the framework of Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation in this paper. We show that the optimal estimate is parameterized by a special time-varying Riccati equation, and the computational complexity increases exponentially with respect to the time horizon. For ease in implementation, a one-step event-based ML estimation problem is further formulated and solved, and the solution behaves like a Kalman filter with intermittent observations. For the one-step problem, the calculation of upper and lower bounds of the communication rates from the process side is also briefly analyzed. An application example to sensorless event-based estimation of a DC motor system is presented and the benefits of the obtained one-step event-based estimator are demonstrated by comparative simulations.

A Driver for the Single-Phase Brushless DC Fan Motor With Hybrid Winding Structure

This paper mainly proposes a novel driver for a single-phase brushless dc fan motor with a hybrid series/parallel winding structure. The winding symbols and directions of the hybrid motor stator structure are defined, and the winding steps for the proposed series/parallel winding are explained. An adequate inverter driving circuit, which is capable to simultaneously obtain the advantages of the hybrid structure, is also discussed. At last, the overall system of this hybrid brushless dc motor with the proposed driving circuit is then implemented to verify the performance of the proposed driver and structure.

The Neural Network Control Algorithm Research of Straight Pull Single Crystal Furnace

In straight pull single crystal furnaces pulling system, Traditional PID controllers parameter cant meet the changes of the DC motor system. In view of this defect that the traditional PID controller parameter can not turn in a timely manner with the DC motor speed change. This paper used a new control method PID neural network to the monocrystalline pulling speed control system and established PID neural network pulling system, at any time to adjust to the optimal PID parameters, to achieve an adaptive control effect and improve the quality of monocrystalline silicon.

Design on Fuzzy Controller of DC Motors Speed Control Based on DSP

Aiming at the problems of nonlinearity, time-variant parameters, and uncertainty of system mathematical model in the PID regulator of DC motor control, a fuzzy controller of DC motor speed control based on TMS320LF2407A is designed in this paper, using the fuzzy control strategy to control, and its design procedure is described. The experimental results show that the speed control system of DC motor by using DSP controller and fuzzy control algorithms has a fast response, slight overshot and good stability, and improves the control effect.

Modeling, Simulation and Dynamics Analysis Issues of Electric Motor, for Mechatronics Applications, Using Different Approaches and Verification by MATLAB/Simulink

The accurate control of motion is a fundamental concern in mechatronics applications, where placing an object in the exact desired location with the exact possible amount of force and torque at the correct exact time is essential for efficient system operation. An accurate modeling, simulation and dynamics analysis of actuators for mechatronics motion control applications is of big concern. The ultimate goal of this paper addresses different approaches used to derive mathematical models, building corresponding simulink models and dynamic analysis of the basic open loop electric DC motor system, used in mechatronics motion control applications, particularly, to design, construct and control of a mechatronics robot arm with single degree of freedom, and verification by MATLAB/Simulink. To simplify and accelerate the process of DC motors sizing, selection, dynamic analysis and evaluation for different motion applications, different mathematical models in terms of output position, speed, current, acceleration and torque, as well as corresponding simulink models, supporting MATLAB m.file and general function block models are to be introduced. The introduced models were verified using MATLAB/ Simulink. These models are intended for research purposes as well as for the application in educational process.

The Design of Governing System of DC Motor Based on EDA Technology

Applying EDA technology, the dc speed governing system was designed, which produces digital signal of PWM waveform. These produced signals can be directly added to the dc machines, by changing the duty ratio of impulse wave, to realize speed regulation, not needing D/A transformation. With a high reliability and strong antijamming capability, this design is used widely. The simulation results of MAX + plus II software indicates that the desired effect is achieved for this design.

Robust Tracking for BLDCM System Based on Unknown Differentiable Deadzone Nonlinearity

In this paper, trajectory tracking control of the brushless DC motor system (BLDCMS) with parameter unknown deadzone nonlinearity and viscous friction is investigated. Firstly, a global differential homeomorphism based on the recently established differentiable deadzone model is developed to linearize BLDCMS. Then, a model reference robust controller is presented to suppress the uncertainties. Finally, uniformly ultimate boundedness of the closed-loop system is proved and simulation results show validity of the proposed controller.

Design of Intelligent Control of DC Motor

This paper introduces a DSP-based intelligent control of DC motor system, describes the intelligent control strategy of the DC motor, optical isolators driving ,related protection measures and the hardware and software design. The experimental results show that the control system can reduce the transient process such as over-voltage, inrush current of the switching operation etc. Comparing with the existing analog control circuit, its structure is simple, easy to operate and can improve electrical energy quality.

Parametric Nonlinear System Identification of Brushless DC Motors for Aerobot Drive

This paper presents an effective identification framework to build a more accurate nonlinear model for brushless DC motors, which are frequently used as drive systems of micro electromechanical unmanned aerial vehicles. The identification method uses a two-step procedure to obtain a fully parametric model. First, the initial model of system is estimated. Next, a coefficient shrinkage method is used for model structure selection. There are two main highlight processes in this paper. One is the use of Hammerstein series models for identification, which leads to a trade-off between model accuracy and complexity. Another is the use of modified nonnegative garrote method for model reduction and finding the true model order. The proposed method is validated on simulated system and finally used to identify a brushless DC motor system. The obtained nonlinear model of brushless DC motor is of high performance and controllable model complexity

Embedded System of DC Motor Closed Loop Speed Control based on 8051 Microcontroller

The objective of the present paper is designing 8051 Microcontroller based Embedded Closed Loop Speed Control System of DC Motor to study the reaction of controlled variable to set-point changes. In this present scheme a tachogenerator has been used as a speed sensor which generates a back emf corresponding to the speed attained by the DC Motor. This instantaneous value of output voltage provided by the tachogenerator is then compared with the desired voltage corresponding to the desired speed. The resulting error is used by the microcontroller to control the firing angle of the SCR for controlling the voltage applied to the DC Motor which in turn adjusts directly the motor speed to attain the desired value. Thus a continuous closed loop speed control system has been achieved. Proportional (P) Control Algorithm has been used in the present scheme. Experimental results have been presented to study the reaction of process speed with respect to set-point changes. The system is of low cost and is suitable for different industrial applications such as subway cars, trolley buses and battery operated vehicles.

Robust Decentralized PI Controller Design Based on Subsystem Pole Placement

This paper proposes a procedure for a robust decentralized controller design based on solving robust control design problems of subsystems' size. To consider the interactions in subsystem controller design, the appropriate interaction measure is discussed and a possible solution is proposed. The resulting decentralized control design scheme including input constraints is illustrated on the laboratory plant of two interconnected DC motor system. Simulation shows successful results for the designed decentralized robust stabilizing PI controller with input constraints.

Robust Linear Quadratic Sliding-Mode Control for BLDC Motor Positioning System

The brushless dc motor position tracking system to be controlled includes a friction and a backlash as disturbances. In this paper, we propose a robust linear quadratic sliding-mode controller for precision positioning in a brushless dc motor system. The control algorithm includes a linear quadratic control for an optimal feedback gain and an integral nonlinear sliding-surface based on a new reaching law to remove the reaching phase. It has robust performance against parameter variation which causes an oscillation in case of linear quadratic control. Simulation results show that the proposed controller gives an improved accurate driving tracking result and is robust to plant parameter variation and load torque disturbances.

Robust State Feedback Controller Design for DC-Motor System

This paper proposes an approach to a robust state feedback controller design for real uncertain DC-motor system in time domain. Because only output vector of this real system is measurable, it is necessary to observe state vector. Polytopic model of uncertain system is considered as a plant model to be controlled. Stability and performance of the closed loop system is determined through the LMI region, where the closed loop poles of whole uncertainty domain are placed. To reduce the conservativeness of quadratic stability approach the parameter-dependent Lyapunov function (PDLF) is used.

A Single-Chip Design for the Three-Phase BDCM System

In this work, we present a sensorless single-chip design for the three-phase brushless DC motors (BDCM) system, and which is implemented by a 0.35um CMOS process. A mixed-signal IC will be accomplished by the implementation of analog circuit and digital circuit in the same chip. Eventually, this chip system includes an analog circuit (Hall signal amplifier), a digital circuit (logic process block), and a frequency voltage converter (FVC) to complete the control & driving circuits. Experimental results are included to verify the proposed scheme.

고조파 수동필터의 설계 및 적용

고조파와 관련한 전력품질저하로 발생하는 전기설비사고 및 경제적 손실은 증가하고 있다. 수동필터는 고조파 문제를 해결하는데 경제적이고 효과적이지만 많은 엔지니어들은 그들의 전력시스템과의 직병렬 공진 문제 및 고조파 증폭 문제로 인해 사용하기를 꺼려한다. 본 논문은 수동필터가 잘 설계될 경우 고조파 문제를 해결하는데 매우 유용하다는 것을 보여준다. 고조파 수동필터 설계의 방법과 과정을 서술하였다. 그리고 100HP DC 모터, 압출 기계, 에어 압력기 등과 같은 비선형 부하로 인해 고조파 문제를 갖는 계통에 적용할 수 있는 수동필터를 설계하였다. 제시된 설계 방법과 절차에 대한 검증을 실험을 통해 입증하였다. Accidents involving electric equipment and economical loss by power quality deterioration related to harmonics show a rising tendency A passive filter is economic and efficient in suppressing harmonics but many engineers and designers are reluctant to install a passive filter to defect harmonics at their power system because of problems such as harmonic amplification and the probability of generating series or parallel resonance with the power system. This work introduces that passive filters will be very available to defeat harmonic problems of the power system if passive filters are well designed. We describe method and process of harmonic passive filter design. And the passive filter for the power system having harmonic problems due to use of nonlinear loads like as 100HP DC motor system, an extruding machine, an air blower and other loads are designed. Experimental results verify the performance of the passive filter designed by the described method and procedure.

Performance based Comparison between Various Z-N Tuninng PID and Fuzzy Logic PID Controller in Position Control System of DC Motor

The objective of this paper is to compare the time specification performance between conventional controller and artificial intelligence controller in position control system of a DC motor. The scope of this research is to apply direct control technique in position control system. Two types of controller namely PID and fuzzy logic PID controller will be used to control the output response. This paper was written to reflect on the work done on the implementation of a fuzzy logic PID controller. The fuzzy controller was used to control the position of a motor which can be considered for a general basis in any project design containing logic control. Motor parameters were taken from a datasheet with respect to a real motor and a simulated model was developed using Matlab Simulink Toolbox. The fuzzy control was also designed using the Fuzzy Control Toolbox provided within Matlab, with each rule consisting of fuzzy sets conditioned to provide appropriate response times with regards to the limitations of our chosen motor. The Fuzzy Inference Engine chosen for our control was the Mamdani Minimum Inference engine. The results of the control provided response times suitable for our application.