Design Of DC-DC Converter Research Articles

600W DC-DC Converter Design Using Flyback, Half Bridge, Full Bridge LLC Topologies and Comparison of Simulation Results

This paper presents design and simulation of typical DC-DC converter topologies such as Flyback, half bridge, full bridge LLC, using the PLECS simulation tool. Requirements are chosen to be 600 W power rating and 250 kHz switching frequency with high efficiency and reduced built size. MOSFET is used as the switching element. According to the simulation results, optimum design with the lowest fluctuations in output voltage and current are achieved using the full bridge LLC converter topology. Thanks to the resonant coil and resonant capacitor in its structure, reduced switching losses have been observed in this converter design, which provides soft switching and high switching frequency.

A highly consistent and proficient class of multiport dc-dc converter based sustainable energy sources

ThePhotovoltaicsystem(PV) systems are reliable Renewable Energy Sources (RES) because to their efficiency under high irradiation conditions, low maintenance, and low pollution. Effective processes generate steady power. This new programme determines the dynamic performance of this technology's application to conduct a thorough feasibility utility grid is determined under different operational circumstances. However, integrating renewable energy into the alternating current system has challenges including voltage increases, synchronisation, and protection. With the DCDC converter, the power distribution system will be more reliable. The RES voltage level and storage needed by the static power DCDC converter must be maintained to preserve grid synchronisation. Because static converters are simple, they need a separate converter for stabilisation, increasing the circuit size. Compact size, centralised control, and energyefficient energy management are important features of Multiport Converters (MPC). The microgrid needs a backup battery to offset the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources. To ensure safety, isolation between the source and the load is required. Storage devices need a twoway power channel. An independent multiport converter is needed for the connected operation of the battery equipment and the utilisation of various renewable energy sources. The benefits of higher power density and separation of the nonisolation circuit allow for a smaller total circuit size. This paper summarises the multiport DCDC converter design for RES harvesting in a DC microgrid and makes research suggestions.

Design and Implementation of a High Step-Up DC-DC Converter Based on the Conventional Boost and Buck-Boost Converters with High Value of the Efficiency Suitable for Renewable Application

This paper introduces a novel topology of the proposed converter that has these merits: (i) the topology of the converter is based on conventional boost and buck-boost converters, which has caused its simplicity; (ii) the voltage gain of the converter has provided higher values by the lower value of the duty cycle; (iii) due to the use of high-efficiency conventional topologies in its structure, the efficiency of the converter keeps its high value for a great interval of duty cycle; (iv) besides the increase of the voltage gain, the current/voltage stresses of the semiconductors have been kept low; (v) the continuous input current of this converter reduces the current stress of the capacitor in the input filter. It is worth noting that the proposed converter has been discussed in both ideal and non-ideal modes. Moreover, the operation of the converter has been discussed in both continuous/discontinuous current modes. The advantages of the converter have been compared with recently suggested converters. In addition, the different features of the converter have been discussed for different conditions. In the small-signal analysis, the appropriate compensator has been designed. Finally, the simulation and experimental results have been reported for 90 W output power, 90 V output voltage, 3-times voltage gain, and 100 kHz switching frequency.

Design of a High Step-Up DC-DC Converter with Voltage Doubler and Tripler Circuits for Photovoltaic Systems

In this paper, a high step-up DC-DC interleaved boost converter is proposed for renewable sources with low voltages such as photovoltaic module and fuel cell. The proposed converter uses interleaving method with an additional voltage doubler and tripler circuit. In the proposed converter, the inductor at all phases is operated to gain high voltage through voltage doubler and tripler circuit capacitors with suitable duty cycle. The proposed topology operates in six switching states in one period. The steady-state analysis and operating principle are examined comprehensively which shows numerous improvements over the traditional boost converter. These improvements are high-voltage gain and low-voltage stress across switches. The proposed DC-DC interleaved boost converter has a gain/conversion ratio four times that of the conventional interleaved boost converter and four times less-voltage stress across the main switches. Simulation has been done in Matlab Simulink on a 70% duty cycle, and results are compared with conventional interleaved boost converter. For an input voltage of 15 volts, the proposed converter is able to generate an output voltage of 200 volts at 70% duty cycle with a voltage stress of 50 volts across main switches, whereas traditional interleaved boost converter generates 200 volts from same input voltage at 92.5% duty cycle with voltage stress of 200 volts across switches. From simulation results, it is clear that the proposed converter has better performance as compared to conventional interleaved boost converter for same design parameters.

Design of Buck Converter and PV Module for Solar Powered Sailing Boat

The main intention of this work is to minimize the operating cost and increase the power generation of solar photovoltaic (PV) power-driven sailing boat with buck converter. The design of dc-dc converter for solar powered sailing boat is presented here. The entire PV source output power is taken and given to the solar boat through buck converter. The entire output power from the PV source which is given to the dc load is enough to drive a boat. The Buck converter model and solar PV module has been designed and simulated with the use of Matlab Simulink and compared with theoretical predictions.

A Two-Channel High-Performance DC-DC Converter for Mobile AMOLED Display Based on the PWM–SPWM Dual-Mode Switching Method

In this paper, we propose a design of a two-channel high-performance DC-DC converter that provides a positive voltage VPOS with a low ripple, and a negative voltage VNEG with high power efficiency, for the purpose of enhancing power efficiency and output ripple under light loads of 100 mA or less for mobile active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) displays. The VPOS was designed as a boost converter using a novel input voltage variation reduction circuit (IVVRC), which rapidly changes the pulse width for input voltage fluctuations, using a feed-forward path. The VNEG was designed as an inverting buck–boost converter based on the pulse width modulation–set time variable pulse width modulation (PWM–SPWM) dual-mode switching method to enhance power efficiency, especially under light loads, and to reduce the overhead of the circuit configuration using a voltage-controlled oscillator. In addition, an adaptive dead-time using voltage detection of switching node (ADTVS) circuit was proposed to enhance power efficiency, which detects the voltage of the switching node at every cycle, and keeps the dead-time constant irrespective of changes in driving conditions. The proposed converter was fabricated with a chip size of 1.67 mm × 2.44 mm, using a 0.35 μm BCD process. Measurement results showed that the power efficiency of our converter was 72.9%~90.4% at 5 mA–100 mA light load output current, which is 2.7%~5.8% higher than the output of the previous converter. Furthermore, the output voltage ripple of VPOS and VNEG at 5 mA light load output current was 3.0 mV and 5.3 mV, respectively, which improved by 19% and 25% as compared to those of the previous converter, respectively.

Design and Analysis of Single Switch Transformer Less DC-DC Converter with Universal Input Voltage for Fuel Cell based Vehicles

A new single switch solar powered high gain step-up DC-DC converter is proposed for plug-in hybrid battery charger in Electric vehicle (EV). The proposed topology utilizes a L2C3D2network to obtain high voltage gain and reduce the voltage stress on the power switch. Additionally, the proposed converter has a universal input voltage in order to suit the soft output characteristics of the fuel cell. The fuel cell has a relatively low output voltage and high current, and it has soft output characteristics as its output voltage drops as the output current increases. Therefore, the fuel cell cannot be directly interfaced to the dc-link bus (400V) of the inverter inside the EV. This dc-dc converter has a universal input voltage feature with wide voltage gain range to suit the soft output characteristics of the fuel cell. Additionally, this dc-dc converter has to have low input current ripple to prolong the life time of the fuel /solar cell, and a common ground between its input and output ports to avoid additional EMI and maintenance safety problem. This control strategy is modelled and simulated using MATLAB -Simulink. A proto type experimental has been fabricated and tested. The experimental analysis was done and the results are in line with the simulation results.

Design and dSPACE Implementation of a Simplified Fuzzy Control of a DC-DC Three-Level Converter

The design of an efficient DC-DC converter depends critically on its suitable control. In this paper, a new simplified output tracking control strategy for a DC-DC three-level boost converter is presented. The proposed strategy is characterized by its good tracking performances, its simplicity of design, and the stability that is ensured over the entire operating range. Thanks to (i) the adopted Takagi–Sugeno (TS) fuzzy approach; (ii) the small-signal model derived under the large domain of operating conditions, and (iii) the proportional-integral (PI) controllers’ merit. After introducing the three-level boost converter topology, the operating principles and mathematical modeling are addressed. Then, the proposed output control strategy is developed based on the PI control and the TS fuzzy approximation. A controller ensuring the capacitor voltages balancing has been also introduced in this paper. Experimental results using dSPACE (DS1104) and a laboratory prototype of three-level boost converter demonstrate the flexibility of the proposed controller, its reference tracking capability, and its ability to satisfy the performance specification over the whole operating range of the system.

Design and implementation of multilevel non-isolated DC-DC converter for variable DC voltage source

<span lang="EN-US">In this paper, a non-isolated multi-level DC-DC (MLDC-DC) smooth buck converter with the LC filter is designed and analyzed. The presented topology can be used in low or medium voltage levels in several applications that use DC storage elements. The use of the proposed multilevel converter topology reduces the voltage stress across the power converter switching elements and facilitates the voltage rating of the switches. The designed LC filter for the multilevel converter is characterized by a small inductor size, which reduces the traditional bulky inductor used in the output of the traditional DC-DC converter. The reduction in the filter size is proportional to the number of the connected voltage sources, it works effectively to reduce ripple in the load currents, and it increases the voltage gain. The intensive analysis of the converter system and the experimental results show a stable operation of the proposed converter with precise output voltage.</span>

DC-DC Converters for Transportation Electrification: Topologies, Control, and Future Challenges

DC-DC CONVERTERS ARE SOLID-STATE DC transformers that convert one type of dc electricity into another via power electronic circuits. They have been used in a broad range of applications, from IT devices (such as a power supply to provide different dc voltage levels inside a personal computer or a data center server) to medical equipment (e.g., a solar charger for a cardiac pacemaker) and from consumer electronics (e.g., chargers for various smart mobile devices) to high-power industrial applications, which is the focused area of this article. As there has been exponential growth in transportation electrification since the beginning of the 21st century, dc-dc converters have become one of the core devices in electric and autonomous vehicles. Extensive research and development efforts have been made on the design and implementation of dc-dc converters, aiming at higher power density, higher efficiency, and more reduction in cost. In this article, various dc-dc converter topologies and control methodologies for transportation electrification are reviewed. The challenges and future development trends for creating the next-generation dc-dc power converters are also discussed.

Efficiency Optimization Design of L-LLC Resonant Bidirectional DC-DC Converter

The new type of L-LLC resonant bidirectional DC-DC converter (L-LLC-BDC) has merits of high efficiency, high-power density and wide gain and power ranges, and it is suitable for energy interface between energy storage systems and DC micro grid. However, the resonances are sensitive to the parasitic parameters, which will deteriorate the efficiency. This paper investigates the intrinsic mechanism of parasitic parameters on the L-LLC-BDC operating principle and working characteristics based on the analysis of working modes and resonance tank. By taking the oscillation of parasitic parameters produced in the stage for the freewheeling stage into consideration, a parameter optimization method is proposed to reduce the resonant current oscillation while maintaining the characteristic of the natural soft switching. The experiment results not only validated the proposed parameter optimization design method, but also testified to the improvement of the efficiency through the minimization of the conduction and switching loss.

1kW Bidirectional 48V-12V DCDC Converter Design Based on Full Bridge CLLC Topology and FDP Controlling Method for Electric Vehicles Application

Present electric vehicles market calls for 1kW bidirectional 48V-12V DCDC converters with high performances. The requirements that isolation and soft switching determine the power stage topology choosing range. Based on previous research results and actual requirements of this application, full-bridge CLLC topology is chosen for further analyses and designs. By properly choosing resonant devices, operating frequency (F), phase shift (P) between power side and load side, and duty (D) of power side, the power system achieves high efficiency with soft switching. Soft switching comes from a small extra time per period with no power transfer. The FPD has respective influences on the performances of the power system. For each one of FDP, there is a balance and two important performances that are conversion efficiency and output voltage accuracy which are listed for illustrating influences of F P D and choosing a best FPD for the whole system. The whole system includes power stage design on PCB and controlling stage design on integrated circuits. FPD can be designed self-adapting respectively and a simple control loop is proposed with adjustable D and settled F P. A proper FPD can achieve over 98.9% efficiency and control loop can be verified workable for load variation.

Analysis and Design of a Multi-Port DC-DC Converter for Interfacing PV Systems

A high-frequency multi-port (HFMP) direct current (DC) to DC converter is presented. The proposed HFMP is utilized to interface a photovoltaic (PV) system. The presented HFMP is compact and can perform maximum power point tracking. It consists of a high-frequency transformer with many identical input windings and one output winding. Each input winding is connected to a PV module through an H-bridge inverter, and the maximum PV power is tracked using the perturb and observe (P&O) technique. The output winding is connected to a DC bus through a rectifier. The detailed analysis and operation of the proposed HFMP DC-DC converter are presented. Extensive numerical simulations are conducted, using power system computer aided design (PSCAD)/electromagnetic transients including DC (EMTDC) software, to evaluate the operation and dynamic behavior of the proposed PV interfacing scheme. In addition, an experimental setup is built to verify the performance of the HFMP DC-DC converter.

Auto-Tuning of DC-DC Buck Converters Through the Modified Relay Feedback Test

This paper presents the design and application of the modified relay feedback test (MRFT) auto-tuning method to the PID voltage-mode control of dc-dc buck converters. The proposed method, which also includes a set of tuning rules, does not require knowledge of the converter or load parameters, and produces a controller with near-optimal dynamic performance for virtually any dc-dc buck converter. The proposed MRFT auto-tuning also guarantees a specified phase margin. An important feature of the MRFT auto-tuning is that it is non-complex and thus practical, consisting of a simple test stage and a quick tuning stage. In the test stage oscillations are excited using the MRFT algorithm, and the frequency and amplitude of these oscillations are measured. In the tuning stage, these measurements are used with the pre-designed tuning rules to calculate PID controller parameters. The designed MRFT auto-tuning is evaluated experimentally by using it to auto-tune four different dc-dc buck converter designs, where in each case parameters of the converter are unknown to the auto-tuning algorithm. The experimental results show good performance of the MRFT auto-tuned controller in all cases. A mathematical proof that the MRFT auto-tuning guarantees a specified phase margin is also provided.

Design and Implementation of Photovoltaic System Based on Super-Lift LUO Converter

The battery’s DC voltage has a high voltage ripple, and therefore does not apply to most devices. DC converters are used in the voltage to relieve ripples regardless of the change in load voltage. In this paper, a design and implementation of positive output super lift POSL LUO converter using maximum power point tracking (MPPT) Algorithm in photovoltaic (PV) system. In LUO converter is highly efficient with low ripple in current and voltage. The super lift converter is a developer converter that comes from the buck boost converter, it is considered of the best converters. Used for low voltage irregular in photovoltaic to a higher voltage without ripples or voltage step down according to the design of the converter, it therefore applies to most devices, such as electric vehicles, dc-chargers, etc. The efficiency of the panels can be improved using maximum power point tracking algorithm, among the many accessible MPPT methods, perturb and observe method. The proposed P&O method based on the PI controller gives the best duty cycle, to eliminate the oscillations in the converter output value, and extracts the highest energy from the PV system. The values of the PI controller are adapted by trial and error method. The results were confirmed using MATLAB / Simulink in DC-DC converter design with MPPT.

Design and Simulation of High-Gain DC-DC Converter using P&O Algorithm with Bi-Directional Converter for Minimum Voltage Standalone Solar PV System

The inexhaustible source of energy which produced from sun through radiation and it is readily available source at free of cost. Solar Photo Voltaic (PV) systems are used as a primary source to produce power. The solar PV system needs DC-DC converter with enhanced voltage gain as well as efficiency. A typical DC-DC converter provides constrained gain and productivity as increase in requirements. For organization of battery Bidirectional converter is used which allows the energy flow in both the direction. The complete working of below voltage PV system and battery that is used are worked by using various dc converters from which the efficiency and gain level can be improved. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is employed to receive peak power from solar PV by sustaining DC line voltage and satisfy power requirements. The perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm is mostly used to obtain the high voltage from solar PV. The entire framework is designed and simulated using MATLAB-Simulink toolbox.

Design and Implementation of Series Resonant DC-DC Converter

The resonant DC-DC converter is known as advantageous over conventional DC-DC converter in terms of efficiency. This is primarily because the resonant converter operates at soft switching mode. In this paper, we report our work on the design and implementation of a series resonant DC-DC converter with full-bridge switching. The developed converter consisted of two main parts, namely the PWM signal-generating circuit as the driver for MOSFET and converter primary circuit. The first part was implemented by using Arduino UNO R3, whose output was amplified with IR2110 optocoupler. The latter was made up of full-bridge inverter, which employs MOSFET as the electronic switches, resonance circuit, and full-bridge uncontrolled rectifier. Performance of the developed converter was tested by supplying input voltage ranging from 20 to 30 V. It was shown that the converter functioned as a step-down “DC” transformer, i.e. voltage reducer. The maximum output voltage level obtained was half of the input, which was achieved at switching frequency of 40 kHz and efficiency of 50%. The converter was also tested to supply practical electrical load. In this case, a 12-V electric drill was put in place. The drill worked well, and a converter efficiency of 43% could be calculated during this operation.Keywords : DC-DC Converter, Series Resonance and Switching

Implementation of direct current to direct current converter exploiting power amplifier

In the last years, RF power amplifiers are taking advantage of the switched dc-dc converters to use them in several architectures that may improve the efficiency of the amplifier, keeping good linearity. In this study a DC-DC power converter design suitable for high-frequency applications by using a class E power amplifier (Inverter), instead of using small battery values choosing Radio Frequency (RF) values and getting high efficiency of output voltage and a maximum of current and voltage values between 0-9 mW of power input in rectifier, the class E power amplifier designed by using GaN HEMT device and the power added efficiency of 64% after getting optimization of matching network and the gain is 14.4 dBm.

Design of Soft-Switching Hybrid DC-DC Converter with 2-Phase Switched Capacitor and 0.8nH Inductor for Standard CMOS Process

A soft-switching hybrid DC-DC converter with a 2-phase switched capacitor is proposed for the implementation of a fully-integrated voltage regulator in a 65 nm standard CMOS process. The soft-switching operation is implemented to minimize power loss due to the parasitic capacitance of the flying capacitor. The 2-phase switched capacitor topology keeps the same resonance value for every soft-switching operation, resulting in minimizing the voltage imbalance of the flying capacitor. The proposed adaptive timing generator digitally calibrates the turn-on delay of switches to achieve a complete soft-switching operation. The simulation results show that the proposed soft-switching hybrid DC-DC converter with a 2-phase 2:1 switched capacitor improves the efficiency by 5.1% and achieves 79.5% peak efficiency at a maximum load current of 250 mA.

A study on the Design of Output 380V DC-DC Converter for LVDC Distribution

A study on the Design of Output 380V DC-DC Converter for LVDC Distribution