Dayak Tribes Research Articles

Anti-tumor Potential Ethnomedicinal Plants from Dayak Tribes in Central Kalimantan

Hornstedtia conica Ridl., Microsorum pustulatum Copel and Rourea fulgens Planch were medicinal plant used by people of Dayak Tribes in Central Kalimantan for anti-tumor medicines. Although these plants has been widely used in traditional medicine, however, research and scientific evidence about their potential as anti-tumor are still very limited. The research aims were to determine the qualitative content of phytochemical compounds and to study anti-tumor potential of these medicinal plants. This study used female Swiss Webster albino as a test animal. Induction of tumor cell in mice used 7,12-Dimethylbenz [a] anthracene (DMBA), was done 10 times for 5 weeks. Experiments were carried out used hexane extract from medicinal plants, every day for 7 weeks. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results as follows: extracts of Hornstedtia conica Ridl., and Microsorum pustulatum Copel. contained alkaloids, while extract of Rourea fulgens Planch. contained flavonoids and saponins. All of these plant extracts were able to reduce the size and number of mice tumors. Hexane extract of H. conica was able to reduce the tumor size faster than another plants extracts. Mortality rate of mice in hexane extracts of H. conica and R. fulgens were zero- and in hexane extract of M. pustulatum it was 30%, meanwhile almost all mice in control group were died in days 15 of treatment. Based on this study, it can be concluded that hexane extract of H. conica and R. fulgens are potential as anti-tumor medicinal plants. These findings scientifically proved the potential of medicinal plant extracts as anti-tumor compounds . H. conica is the most potential one for further development as alternative drug for inhibited of tumor growth.

IDENTIFIKASI JENIS POHON PENGHASIL BUAH KONSUMSI DI KAWASAN HUTAN TEMBAWANG DUSUN SUAK DESA MANIS RAYA KECAMATAN SEPAUK KABUPATEN SINTANG

Identification is determining the identity of a species, which in this case determines the correct name and place in the classification. Tembawang Forest is a form of land management carried out by Dayak tribes in West Kalimantan. Tembawang Suak has various fruit trees species which are usually used by people around the forest. This research was conducted in Tembawang Forest at Suak Subvillage, Manis Raya Village, Sepauk District, Sintang Regency, West Kalimantan. The purpose of this study is to identify and describe the morphological characteristics of fruits trees species in the Tembawang Forest Area. The method in this research is an exploration method which is carried out by taking data with making pathways to facilitate roaming at the research location to find the fruit trees species and then taking a sample of the herbarium. Data analysis by describing morphological characteristics (generative and vegetative) in detail. Based on the research results, there are 30 species of consumption fruit trees that are classified into 16 genera and 13 families, and 5 species of which are endemic to Kalimantan, namely Manginfera pajang Kosterm (Asam Mawang), Shorea stenoptera Burck. (Tengkawang Tungkul), Durio kutejensis (Hassk.) Becc. (Pekawai), Sarcotheca macrophylla Blume (Rembai/Belimbing Hutan), and Baccaurea angulata Merr (Menit/Belimbing Darah).Keyword : Tree Identification, Fruit Producers, Tembawang Forest

Mata Rantai Perdagangan Lada di Kalimantan Bagian Tenggara Pada Abad ke-17-18

In the period of 17th century up to 18th century, pepper was one of the important commodities of Southeastern Kalimantan. Pepper was produced by Dayak tribes in rural areas of Southeastern Kalimantan, transported through the rivers and traded in Banjarmasin, which was the most important port in the region. Merchants from all around the globe visited Banjarmasin to trade for this commodity. This article aims to study the linkage of the pepper trade in Banjarmasin which involved pepper farmers in rural areas, Chinese and Banjar merchants as the middlemen, Sultan and court officials as the holders of privileges in pepper trade, and foreign traders (Chinese, Dutch, and the British) as the buyer of pepper in the port city of Banjarmasin. By discussing the role of each part of the link, the relationship between these parts can be seen clearly. The results of this study indicate that pepper farmers are the most disadvantaged party in this trade link, they hardly benefit from the growing trade of the pepper they produced. Meanwhile the middlemen, Sultan and court officials had enjoyed huge profits. The Sultan even used pepper as a political tool to gain the support of Dutch authorities (Dutch East-India Company) in dealing with their enemies. Another important link was the Chinese, Dutch and British merchants who competed for the pepper supplies. The Chinese traders who charged the pepper for a higher price had easier way to obtain the pepper supplies than the Dutch and British traders who were supported by their trading authorities.

Diversity of Medicinal Plants Used by Traditional Healers of Dayak Desa Tribe in the Villages of Kebong and Merpak, Sintang Regency

Dayak Desa is a sub-tribe of a large group of Dayak tribes in West Kalimantan. Within the tribal community, it is estimated that there are still several traditional healers (battra) practicing traditional medicine. This study aims to identify the existence of traditional healers from the Dayak Desa tribe in the villages of Kebong and Merpak, analyze the species of medicinal plants used by traditional healers of Dayak Desa and analyze the similarities/ differences in knowledge of medicinal plants possessed by traditional healers and the general communities in Kelam Permai Sub-district. This study used an in-depth interview method to traditional healers from the Dayak Desa tribe with questionnaire aids, which contains questions related to the species of medicinal plants used in their practice. Data analysis was in the form of many species of medicinal plants used by traditional healers, plant families, habitus and parts of plants used, methods of processing and use, location, and sources of medicinal plants taken. The results showed that in Kebong and Merpak villages, there were still four traditional healers practicing traditional medication and using 59 species of medicinal plants. There are 39 species of plants used by traditional healers and also used by the communities, while 20 species others only used by traditional healers. The highest use is found in the family of Poaceae (5 species), herb habitus (37%), processing method by boiling (30%), and administration method by drinking (29%), and paste (29%), the form of single-use and mixture is quite balanced (49 and 48%). The primary source of obtaining medicinal raw materials comes from the yard (57%), and plant sources come from wild growing (59%). The knowledge of medicinal plants possessed by traditional healers should be continued documented; thus, the diversity of medicinal plants can be preserved for the next generation.

Utilization Of Social Media As A Learning Media For Promoting Sampit Language

Nowadays, social media not only functions as a medium for self-promotion and socializing. The emergence of many social media-based learning platforms opens up opportunities for the development of learning media. Social media is liked by all groups, easily accessible and inexpensive to become its strength, so it is very strategic if used as a learning medium. Sampit language itself is a language that is owned by one of the Dayak tribes in Central Kalimantan. Some facts on the ground show that the existence of the Sampit language is currently under threat. Through the use of social media as learning media, the Sampit language has begun to be looked at again by young people. Social media used as learning media here are Instagram and YouTube channel and learning material that is packaged in the form of videos and images. The research aimed at knowing the utilization of social media for promoting social media.The type of research used in this study is quantitative descriptive research, with data collection methods using questionnaires and observations. The results of this study indicate that the use of social media can increase the popularity of the Sampit language.

Pengaruh Bentuk Bukaan Pada Lantai Bangunan Terhadap Tingkat Kenyamanan Termal Pada Rumah Panjang Suku Dayak Brusu Kecamatan Sekatak Provinsi Kalimantan Utara

The longhouse is a home for Brusu Dayak tribes who live in North Kalimantan, which always develops as the building length increases following the increase in the number of family heads in one family. Compared to other Dayak houses, long brusu Dayak tribes have no windows but rely solely on openings on the roof and openings on the building floor as ventilation ventilation. This affects the thermal comfort of the longhouse. In general, this study aims to determine how much influence the shape of the openings on the floor of the brusu dayak longhouse building on the level of thermal comfort.The method in this study includes direct observation of the spaciousness of the shape of the building and the shape of the floor openings in the longhouse, as well as direct measurement at several points that have been determined, namely: measurement of temperature, humidity, air movement using several measuring devices, namely: thermometer, anemometer, hygro thermometer and iinfrared thermometer, measurements are made on the interior of a long house with 15 measuring points, where each point is measured for 24 hours with a measurement time every 2 hours. The results of this study note that the shape of the openings on the floor affects the level of thermal comfort in the longhouse, this is evidenced when the condition of the floor hole is closed there is an increase in the effective temperature in the room even though the increase in the effective temperature is not significant.

IMPLEMENTATIF TENTANG PEMBUATAN KARTU KELUARGA DALAM KEPENDUDUKAN BERDASARKAN UNDANG -UNDANG NOMOR 24 TAHUN 2013 TENTANG ADMINISTRASI KEPENDUDUKAN DIKAITKAN DENGAN KOMUNITAS DAYAK HINDHU – BUDDHA BUMI SEGANDU INDRAMAYU

Population Administration geared to meet the rights of every person in the field of population administration without discrimination through a professional public service. Registration is done by recording biographical data resident population, recording on events reporting population and population census as well as the issuance of citizenship documents.46 Law No. 24 of 2013 concerning changes to law Number 23 of 2006 concerning Population Administration emphasizes that in orderly management of population administration must make a Deed of Liability, Identity Card, And of course the Family Card of course it regulates the orderly administration regardless of their race, culture and class that respect each other's faith as Dayak Budha Bumi Segandu Indramayu Regency who have been discriminatory towards the creation of family cards that still see tribes, customs and traditions of a particular group. The long-term goals and specific targets to be achieved from this study are to provide an understanding of the implications of sanctions if the family card is not accompanied by religion and knowledge of a group of Buddhist dayak tribes and the obstacles and efforts of the Indramayu Regency government in implementing Law Number 24 of 2013 concerning Amendments to Law Number 23 Year 2006 concerning Population Administration. The method that will be used in achieving these objectives is to use normative legal research methods (doctrinal research) which mainly analyze primary legal materials and secondary legal materials equipped with field data. The implementation of the model for the formation of a Family Card registration policy by the Dayak Bumi Budhha Segandhu tribe in Losarang Subdistrict, Puntang Village, Indramayu Regency, adheres to the difficulties of registering a family card or other administration, The findings in the field prove that the people of the Segandhu Buddhist Dayak tribe adherents also have offspring and implementing compulsory schooling for 9 years The implementation is not in line with the Law

Re-aktualisasi Tato pada Iklan A Mild “You Will Figure It Out” dalam Membentuk Positioning Produk

Abstract. Indonesia has a variety of cultures that produce works of art and one of them is a tattoo. The oldest tattoos in Indonesia are those owned by the Mentawai and Dayak tribes. But in its development the meaning of tattoos has been re-actualized into bad value. The shift in interpretation of tattoo stigma is used by A Mild to shape the positioning of its products in the minds of consumers. A Mild You Will Figure it Out took an extreme step, choosing to lift the identity of young minorities who were considered one eye, one of which was the character of a young tattooed person. The ad visualization study will be analyzed using descriptive qualitative methods. The analysis will be divided into two stages, first stage is analyzing audio visual elements in advertisements, namely hear words, color, music, picture, seen words and movement. As well as analyzing filmic dramatiology with cinematographic theory which includes the camera's point of view, image size, lighting and settings. Then in the second stage, it is analyzing the shift of interpretation using the semiotic approach which refers to Roland Barthes's theory. Thus, this study can provide knowledge and insights about advertising and the development of design science, in the form of the application of analysis and criticism of the meaning in advertising, especially in the formation of product interpretation and positioning. Keywords: tattoos, re-actualization, cigarettes, semiotics, advertising

Role of local wisdom community Dayak Kanayatn in the fire disaster prevention (forest fires for the opening of farming fields in West Kalimantan)

Human activities in meeting their needs such as fulfillment of clothing, food and shelter require people to sacrifice what is around them, for example in agriculture, so people have to burn the forest. For Dayak tribes, forests are also commonly used for farming. So that the role of government and local communities is very important in maintaining the preservation of forest areas, for example by optimizing the role of local wisdom owned by the Kanayatn Dayak community, Bahuma Batahutn. Bahuma Batahutn is a wise way to manage the environment owned by the Kanayatn Dayak tribe. Forest management for daily life with a seasonal calendar system to be planted in the fields. Forest burning as part of land clearing is done in the right way and time so that it naturally does not cause disaster. During the forest burning process, involving many people (family or community) by keeping the points prone to burning and providing water to prevent forest fires.

STRENGTHENING OF DAYAKNESE YOUTH SOCIAL CAPITAL TO IMPROVE ECONOMIC RESILIENCE IN BORDER AREAS

This study aims to explore the potential of the social capital of the Dayak tribe in the border area that can increase economic and ecological resilience in the area. Since ancient times Dayak tribes have lived by relying on natural resources around them. Now, after the era has become more modern and forests are dwindling, nature is no longer able to support their old way of life. They began to settle down, unfortunately still with a long mental spirit, which is dependent on nature. As a result, many people still live in poverty along with their poorer natural resources. For this reason, it is necessary to reform a mindset among young people as successors in order to survive without relying entirely on nature. This research was conducted through a qualitative approach with grounded methods. The contribution for the economic theory is a way for strengthening social capital of Dayak youth in increasing economic and ecological resilience in the border region.

Accessibility of Availability of Public Health Services Dayak Tribe in Samarinda “Qualitative Study”

In Indonesia, health service are still a problem both in terms of financing, quality, and public access. The purpose of this study to analyze the availability of public health services in the Dayak tribes. Informants in this study are indigenous Dayaks Society, the Society who were and had experienced/illness, Dayak Customary Chief, Head of health center and health workers. Analysis of the data in this study using thematic analysis. The primary data obtained from direct observation and in-depth interviews and focus group Discuccion (FGD), while the secondary data obtained from the study documents. Based on this research, accessibility of public health services in the Dayak based on an interview to the informant still have limited Human Resources (HR), infrastructure, medical equipment and pharmaceuticals (drugs). Advice to the city administration should have to provide health care facilities that can be accessed 24 hours as “Homecare Health Center” mainly Dayak and other communities who live on the outskirts of the city of Samarinda. There needs to increase the number of health workers, especially doctors and surveillance personnel.

Samban/Tutulak and Immunization: The Sick Concept of Dayak Tribes in the Context of Modern Life

Immunization is one of the intervention in health that is widely regarded as the most successful and cost effective intervention. Contrary to that achievement, more than 19 million children in the world still have not received complete basic immunization and current immunization coverage of the world shows no improvement. This fact also happened in the Balangan district where the several Dayak tribes settle.

Pengaruh Bentuk Bukaan Atap Bangunan Terhadap Tingkat Kenyamanan Termal Pada Rumah Panjang Suku Dayak Brusu, Kecamatan Sekatak, Kalimantan Utara

The long house of the Brusu Dayak tribe that lives in North Kalimantan is a house that always increases the length of the building following the increase in the number of family heads in one offspring. The most interesting part of the longhouse compared to other Dayak tribes' houses is that in the longhouse Brusu Dayak tribes do not have windows but only rely on openings on the roof of the building according to their residential needs so that it affects the thermal comfort of the longhouse. In general, this study aims to determine the effect of the shape of openings on the roofs of Dayak Brusu tribal longhouse buildings on thermal comfort levels. The research method includes direct surveys to the field by observing the shape of the building and the shape of the roof opening in the longhouse, as well as doing direct measurements on several points determined. Measurements made include measurements of temperature, humidity, air movement, where measurements are made on the interior of a long house with 15 measuring points, where each point is measured for 24 hours with the time of measurement every 2 hours. From the above analysis, it can be concluded that the effective temperature for the tenang area is more likely to be lower than the ganak and lamin, this is because the roof formation of the long house located in the garden can be opened and closed according to the needs of the occupants.

Uji Daya Hambat Formulasi Salep Ekstrak Etanol Umbi Hati Tanah (Angiopteris sp) terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus

Hati Tanah tuber (Angiopteris sp) is a plant part that is often used by Dayak tribes in Central Kalimantan as a medicine to heal wounds. This plant is known to contain flavonoid, saponin, tannin and catechol compounds which in previous studies have proven that ethanol extract of this plant can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium that causes infection in wounds. Some of these strains of bacteria are resistant to available antibiotics. In this study two bases of ointment were used, namely, the bottom of the hydrocarbon ointment and the base of the water-soluble lotion. This study aims to determine the ointment formulation which can inhibit the growth of S. aureus bacteria. Plant extraction is done by the soxhletation method. The inhibitory test in this study uses a process of planting discs that contain active substances as the primary test material. The results showed that the base ointment formulation which could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was an ointment formulation with a water-soluble base.

Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Sangkareho (Callicarpa longifolia Lam.) against Staphylococcus epidermidis

One of the plants believed as traditional medicine by the Dayak tribes in Central Kalimantan was Sangkareho (Callicarpa longifolia Lam.). This plant was usually used as traditional medicine by society in Puruk Cahu, Murung Raya Regency, Central Kalimantan and empirically believed could cure skin disease such as wound infection. This study was aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Sangkareho (Callicarpa longifolia Lam). Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Sangkareho was performed using disc diffusion technique, with four variations of concentration of 1%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. In this present study showed that ethanolic extract of Sangkareho has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis, wherein the resulting inhibition zone diameter was 7.3�0.8 mm, 8.3�1.2 mm, 10.5�0.5 mm, and 12.2�0.7 mm, respectively. Further research is needed to obtain an antibacterial activity of the fraction of Sangkareho.

Dayak Lundayeh: A Report from The Border

In his paper "Dayak Lundayeh: A Report from the Border" Luqman H. Zainuri explores the vulnerabilities and potential of national disintegration coming from indigenous communities in Indonesia. In particular, the paper focuses on one of the communities which has been largely ignored, the Dayak people, who have played an important role in the border between Indonesia and Malaysia in Borneo Island. The Dayak indigenous people which inhabit this highland plateau are known as the Lun Bawang, on the Malaysian side, and the Lun Dayeh (or Lundayeh) in the Indonesian side. Both groups are linguistically and culturally the same. This paper provides information on the general condition of their lives, and on how they position themselves towards Indonesia, emphasizing the particularities of the Dayak Lun Dayeh among other Dayak ethnic groups who live in West and Central Kalimantan. Although separated by a national border, the Lun Bawang of the Kelalan Valley and the Lun Dayeh of the Bawan Valley have similar cultural patterns and kingship ties. The paper recognizes Indonesia as a multiethnic, multilingual and multicultural territory, much like Asia in general, and argues for socio-political integration and peace. The paper is part of report based on an exploratory research conducted in Krayan (also known as Kerayan) sub district, Nunukan North Kalimantan in September 2012, under the Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) program, aimed to promote an understanding of the socio-cultural life of the Dayak tribes and of the degree of autonomy of border communities between Indonesia and Malaysia. The paper also stresses the importance of preserving traditional cultures and their integration by means of education and the development of cultural and creative industries in marginalized ethnic areas.

Short Communication: Selected medicinal plants in East and North Kalimantan (Indonesia) against Propionibacterium acnes

Abstract. Arung ET, Pasedan WF, Kusuma IW, Hendra M, Supriadi MB. 2017. Short Communication: Selected medicinal plants in East and North Kalimantan (Indonesia) against Propionibacterium acnes. Biodiversitas 18: 321-325. Based on community based research on ethnomedicine local knowledge and medicinal plant in Indonesia by Medicinal Plant and Traditional Medicine Research and Development Center of Indonesian Ministry of Helath in 2012 and 2015, various data on medicinal plants including for cosmetic in all Indonesia region has been collected. There are 38 medicinal plants use for skin care/cosmetics. This study focused on some selected medicinal plants used by several Dayak ethnic groups in East and North Kalimantan, Indonesia for cosmetic, especially for anti-acne. Four plants were selected for evaluating its property on anti-acne, namely Crotalaria pallida, Lepisanthes amoena, Premna corymbosa, and Vitex pinnata by well diffusion and dilution methods. The zone inhibition (mm) against Propionibacterium acnes of these leaves extract on anti-acne at 1000 mg/mL was 9.33; 16.44; 13.78; 11.00 mm, respectively and chlorampenicol (positive control) was 29.44 mm at 500 mg/mL. These results were in line with traditional used by Dayak tribes in East and North Kalimantan, Indonesia.
 Keywords: Anti acne, cosmetic, medicinal plants, traditional medicine

Model Literasi Media Berbasis Kearifan Lokal pada Suku Dayak Tunjung dan Dayak Benuaq di Kutai Barat

This study begins from a simple question on how Dayak Benuaq and Dayak Tunjung/Tonyoii people(individually and collectively) are able to maintain their local wisdom and local culture in the midst of theambush of mass media exposure and then acknowledged as the Dayak tribes who are still ‘Beradat (Wellmannered)”.Their local wisdom which is still maintained wereable to counteract the negative effects ofmassmedia exposureso it can be used as a model of literacy media, either throughmedia literacy education or media literacy movement. This study used a qualitative explanatory method and used a communication ethnographic approach in fi eld. Primary data was collected through interviewsed and observations of someDayak Benuaq and Dayak Tunjung people, including some community leaders and local governmentoffi cials that found with the snowball sampling technique. The results showed that, fi rst, public awarenessthrough the local wisdom lense in media literacy has not been able yet to maximize their own potentialdue to society passivity as media users, as well as a lack of support from the government to create a mediasavvy society. Second, the model used within both tribes is known as Protectionist Model based on theirlocal wisdom which includes four kinds of elements, which are; the ability to access, to analyse, to evaluate,and to create content.

THE ISLAMIC TRADITION OF BAKUMPAI DAYAK PEOPLE

This paper presents the dilemma of an ethnic group which is influenced by the views from the outside as well as the inside with regard to the dominance of religious identity. Specifically, this paper discusses the existence of Bakumpai and the Bakumpai people as part of the Dayak tribes and their Islamic practice. This article is expected to provide understanding of religious diversity in an ethnic group particularly the Dayak and how it influences the Dayak culture.
 
 Keywords: Bakumpai, Dayak, Islamic Tradition

PEMANFAATAN BUDAYA DAN TEKNOLOGI LOKAL DALAM RANGKA PENGEMBANGAN SAINS

Science education can be developed based on the uniqueness and superiority of a region, including technology, culture and local (traditional). This study aims to identify and describe local cultural and technological environment of traditional agricultural communities the Malays and Dayaks in Pontianak regency still believed and used in maintaining life, and integrate the local culture and technology in the development of science-based learning the local culture. Qualitative approach to ethnographic studies (etnosains and etnoteknologi study) with emphasis on critical studies and interpretive conducted in order to explore local culture and technological environment of traditional agricultural communities the Malays and Dayaks in observation techniques and in-depth interviews. The results showed that in culture and traditional local technology community agricultural environment Malays and Dayak tribes identified science concepts that can be developed in science learning in schools. Keywords: local culture, local technology, science