Date Of Foundation Research Articles

Revisiting the Date of Foundation of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg

Revisiting the Date of Foundation of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg

Wine Cups and the Early Chronology of Apollonia Pontica: Archaic Pottery from the Island of St. Kirik

Abstract In the last 15 years, the excavations at the island of St. Kirik offshore from Sozopol (ancient Apollonia Pontica) on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast have yielded thousands of fragments of Archaic Greek pottery, including a sizeable collection of drinking cups from the last decades of the 7th and the early 6th centuries BC – North Ionian hemispherical cups (“bird bowls”, “meander bowls”, etc.) and early types of South Ionian cups with everted rims (“Ionian cups”). The comparison with the assemblages from Istros, Berezan, Orgame, and Taganrog, all of them presumably earlier than Apollonia – with a traditional foundation date c.610 BC, reveals practically an identical repertoire. A couple of “anomalous” fragments that are even earlier, from the middle or third quarter of the 7th century BC, have parallels only at Berezan. The paper argues that there are grounds to suggest an earlier chronology of Apollonia’s foundation, closer to that of the other early Ionian apoikiai.

A spatially explicit model of European colonization timing on the American ecosystems based on foundation dates of cities

A spatially explicit model of European colonization timing on the American ecosystems based on foundation dates of cities

The foundation of monastery in gorodets, dedicated to theodore stratelates, in the church historiography of the 19th to the early 20th centuries

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the church historiography of the question of the time of the founding of monastery, dedicated to Theodore Stratelates, in Gorodets. The origin of the date of foundation of the monastery (1152, 1154, 1164) is considered. It is determined that the first date (1152) appears in the book on the history of the monastery, published in 1890. It is deduced by the author, Archimandrite Theodosius, purely logically. The second date (1154) is based only on the speculative constructions of the authors of books on the history of the monastery in 1870 and 1913. The only support in the historical source is the provision on the establishment of Gorodets monastery in 1164. This date was listed in the chronicle kept in Theodore cloister. The article gives a description of the named document.

The date of the foundation of the first permanent Ingush settlement in the area of modern Nazran

This work is devoted to the migration processes that took place in the XVII-XVIII centuries among the Ingush tribes, which eventually led to the foundation of the first permanent Ingush settlement in the area of the modern city of Nazran. The analysis of information from historical sources on this issue, as well as the main versions that exist today, is carried out. At the republican scientific and practical conference "historical determination of the date of formation of Nazran", held on July 15, 2000, it was decided to consider the date of foundation of Nazran as 1781. However, some researchers still express the opinion that Ingush settlements in the Nazran valley began to arise only at the beginning of the XIX century. The purpose of the article is to confirm the validity of the officially established date of the founding of Nazran on the basis of data from historical sources. And also to show that the development of the territory of the Nazran valley by Ingush tribes began in the XVII century. To achieve the purpose of the article, the author drew on a significant amount of scientific literature and archival data, comparing them with information from Ingush folklore. The novelty of this work lies in the fact that the issue of the foundation of Nazran is considered in the context of migration processes that took place among the Ingush tribes in the XVII-XIX centuries. Historical works on the history of the development of the territory of the Nazran Valley are summarized, comparing them with information from Ingush folklore. In the course of the research, the author comes to the following key conclusions: information from various sources related to this issue are consistent and complement each other; Ingush tribes began to develop the territory of the Nazran Valley in the XVII century, and the first permanent settlement in this territory appeared in 1780-1781. This happened after they concluded an agreement with the Kabardian and Kumyk princes.

The new layout of the Museum of Zoology of the University of Catania (Italy) one year after its opening

On 9 July 2021 the Museum of Zoology of the University of Catania (Italy), the oldest Sicilian zoological museum whose foundation dates back to 1853 by Prof. Andrea Aradas, reopened to the public with a new layout, which involved the elimination of all the showcases in which the specimens were displayed. The new project instead envisaged that all the vertebrate specimens present in the main room, around 170, are arranged on open platforms and grouped according to systematic or biogeographical criteria. An emotional museum was thus created in which the elimination of the showcases and the possibility to walk among the exhibits without barriers or limitations increase the emotional and emphatic involvement of the visitor, helping the transmission of information on biodiversity and the relationship between man and nature.

Bayesian regression versus machine learning for rapid age estimation of archaeological features identified with lidar at Angkor

Lidar (light-detection and ranging) has revolutionized archaeology. We are now able to produce high-resolution maps of archaeological surface features over vast areas, allowing us to see ancient land-use and anthropogenic landscape modification at previously un-imagined scales. In the tropics, this has enabled documentation of previously archaeologically unrecorded cities in various tropical regions, igniting scientific and popular interest in ancient tropical urbanism. An emerging challenge, however, is to add temporal depth to this torrent of new spatial data because traditional archaeological investigations are time consuming and inherently destructive. So far, we are aware of only one attempt to apply statistics and machine learning to remotely-sensed data in order to add time-depth to spatial data. Using temples at the well-known massive urban complex of Angkor in Cambodia as a case study, a predictive model was developed combining standard regression with novel machine learning methods to estimate temple foundation dates for undated Angkorian temples identified with remote sensing, including lidar. The model’s predictions were used to produce an historical population curve for Angkor and study urban expansion at this important ancient tropical urban centre. The approach, however, has certain limitations. Importantly, its handling of uncertainties leaves room for improvement, and like many machine learning approaches it is opaque regarding which predictor variables are most relevant. Here we describe a new study in which we investigated an alternative Bayesian regression approach applied to the same case study. We compare the two models in terms of their inner workings, results, and interpretive utility. We also use an updated database of Angkorian temples as the training dataset, allowing us to produce the most current estimate for temple foundations and historic spatiotemporal urban growth patterns at Angkor. Our results demonstrate that, in principle, predictive statistical and machine learning methods could be used to rapidly add chronological information to large lidar datasets and a Bayesian paradigm makes it possible to incorporate important uncertainties—especially chronological—into modelled temporal estimates.

State Public Scientific Technological Library of the SB RAS: a century-long journey

One of the largest libraries in Russia on the Eurasian continent, the State Public Scientific Technological Library of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPSL SB RAS) in 2023 celebrates its 105th anniversary from the date of foundation (Moscow) and the 65th anniversary of its activity in the Siberian region (Novosibirsk). The library’s main periods of development from 1918 to the present are considered.

Semaglutide - effectiveness in weight loss and side effects when used according to studies by SUSTAIN, PIONEER, STEP

Overweight and obesity are a worldwide common problem and are diagnosed with a body mass index (BMI) value in the range of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2 and ≥30.0 kg/m2, respectively. Obese patients are at high risk of developing concomitant diseases, such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), hyperlipidemia, stroke and even some types of cancer. In the Russian Federation in 2016, the proportion of overweight people was 62.0%, with obesity - 26.2%. The authors performed an electronic search in the PubMed information database. Two search elements were used: «Semaglutide» and «Obesity». The search included studies published from the date of foundation of the database to August 2022. The search was limited only to the results of clinical trials. The authors obtained 26 results, but only the studies of SUSTAIN, PIONEER (Peptide Innovation for Early Diabetes Treatment) and STEP were considered, since they were original, randomized, controlled clinical trials conducted before the approval of semaglutide for the treatment of DM2 and obesity.

The Aramaic Inscription from a Cave Complex at Abraham’s House, Mount of Olives and the Hasmonean Calendar—A New Reading and Interpretation

Abstract This article presents a new reading and interpretation of the Aramaic burial inscription from the “Abraham’s House” complex. Rather than representing a curse, we propose that the inscription records the year in which the loculus was completed. Moreover, we suggested that year 99 is counted not from Hyrcanus’ death but rather from the time of his accession to high public office, either as king or as high priest. The use of a continuous numbering system extending back to a foundation date rather than the regnal years of an individual ruler is paralleled by the Seleucid calendar, and also echoes traditions found in Hebrew and Greek sources that such a system was current amongst the Hasmoneans. The identity of Hyrcanus and the implications for the dating of the inscription are also discussed.

Study on penetration resistance for thin-walled bucket foundation in muddy clay

In view of the problem that the resistance reduction effect of ring stiffeners is not considered in the existing calculation methods of penetration resistance, based on the field penetration date of thin-walled bucket foundation with ring stiffeners and combined with the field installation situation, the resistance reduction effect of the angle iron ring stiffeners on the skin friction resistance was explored, the calculation method of the penetration resistance considering the resistance reduction coefficient β was proposed. The results show that because the resistance reduction effect of ring stiffeners is not considered, the calculation results of the standard and theoretical equation method are larger than the measured resistance. The end resistance increased by ring stiffeners is about 55%–65% of the end resistance calculated by the standard and theoretical equation method, the end resistance increased by ring stiffeners should be considered in actual project. It is proposed that the calculation method considering the resistance reduction coefficient β can accurately predict the penetration resistance and the required differential pressure of bucket foundation with ring stiffeners, the recommended resistance reduction coefficient is 0.52 for the static penetration method, 0.33 for the undrained shear strength method, and 0.31 for the c and φ parameter method.

The Irish media and the foundation of the Irish State on 6 December 1922

ABSTRACT This article examines the importance of 6 December 1922 as the foundation date of the Irish State. It does so through analysis of the reaction of contemporary media to events on that date and the days that surrounded it. The importance of this date is highlighted by its inseparable connection with three major themes in the history of the early years of the Irish State – the Civil War, partition and acceptance of Dominion status under the 1921 Treaty. This article also analyses media reaction to the 1922 Constitution of the Irish Free State that formally came into force on 6 December 1922 and examines the reaction of a selection of foreign media to the birth of the Irish State. The analysis includes hopes for the future of the new State expressed in contemporary media. The article concludes that, although the date of 6 December 1922 has not been the subject of substantial commemoration in the decades that followed, the significance ascribed to it by people alive at the time underlines its importance as the birth date of the self-governing Irish State.

VASYL HADZHEGA, A SIGNIFICANT RESEARCHER OF THE HISTORY OF TRANSCARPATHIA

The purpose of the article is based on the works of Vasyl Hadzhega from the 20s and 30s of the 20th century, published mainly in the Scientific collection of the society «Prosvita» in Uzhhorod (1922–1938) and the local history magazine «Pidkarpatska Rus» (1923–1936), and based on archival sources and other materials, to present the history of Transcarpathia from the end of the 9th century, in particular the dates of the foundation (from the 11th century) of many settlements, churches and monasteries in Transcarpathia that had a Ruthenian (Ukrainian) ethnic character. Particular attention is paid to the fact that the replenishment of the Ruthenian (Ukrainian) population and the strengthening of the Ruthenian-Ukrainian ethnic core took place during the 11th–13th centuries as a result of the resettlement of Ruthenians from Galicia, Kyiv, Chernihiv and other Ruthenian lands; in the 14th century Rusyns from Podillia, who came with the Podillia prince Fyodor Koryatovych; in the 14th–16th centuries Ukrainian settlers based on the so-called Kenez (Schultheiß) law mainly from Galicia, as well as Bukovyna and Volhynia. It is emphasized that an important component of this concept is the researcher's dates of foundation (from the 11th century) of many settlements, churches and monasteries of Transcarpathia, which had a Ruthenian (Ukrainian) ethnic character, as well as the use of the Greek rite and the Old Slavic language in religious services. At the same time, it is noted that Vasyl Hadzhega belonged not only to prominent researchers of the Ukrainian history of Transcarpathia, but also to the leading, Ukrainian-oriented, cultural, church and public figures of the region in the 20s and 30s of the 20th century, he was one of the founders and leaders of the society «Prosvita» of Subcarpathian Rus, the Ruthenian National Museum, the Cooperative Union, the Central Ruthenian People's Council and other organizations. It has been established that his scientific and popular scientific articles played an important role in the dissemination of historical knowledge, in the formation of national consciousness and the establishment of state aspirations of the Ukrainians of Transcarpathia. Keywords: Vasyl Hadzhega, historical and archival studies, historical sources, Ruthenian villages, Ruthenian churches, Ruthenian monasteries, Ruthenians (Ukrainians), counties.

“AN OBSCURE STRANGE TYPE IN A RUSSIAN SHIRT...”. BORIS NAZAROVSKY AND THE NEW CHRONOLOGY OF PERM

Based on published and archival materials, the article examines the cultural aspects of the 1968-1972 discussion on the date of Perm's foundation. The 1968-1972 discussion was made possible due to a partial reorientation of the Soviet cultural policy after 1964. There was a tendency towards regional cultural autonomy, the formation of a local cultural identity: special symbols, appreciation of the historical landscape, conservation of cultural heritage and creation of regional traditions. In the discussion about the foundation time of Perm, the main question was solved: which social group is the most significant in the regional historical tradition - the workers (craftsmen) or the bureaucracy. The discussion was not so much about history as about the present day. It made for an emotionally charged discussion. Boris Nazarovsky, a journalist from Perm, was its initiator and the main protagonist. It was he who skillfully and energetically defended the idea of 1723, the date of foundation of a copper-smelting plant on the territory of Perm, and with it the priority of working-class origin in the history of the city. The contradiction between the insignificant historical content of the discussion and its cultural importance is pointed out. The conclusion is made that the dispute about the time of the city's foundation was the final moment in the creation of a special Perm identity. The conflict involved a confrontation between the original inhabitants of Perm and the "outsiders". The rivalry with Ekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk) played a subordinate role in the debate.

Provincial Cities’ Anniversaries and the Formation of Soviet “Peripheral Capitals”

This article analyses some aspects of the socioeconomic and political uses of anniversaries in the Soviet and contemporary Russian history to boost the development of the territory. Initially, the desire of the young Soviet state to sever all ties with the past made the “anniversary question” almost absurd. Soviet anniversary traditions formed in the late 1920s–1930s when the 3rd, 5th, 10th, 15th, and 20th anniversaries of organisations and enterprises were celebrated everywhere. The article also mentions personal anniversaries, which celebrated the time of work in a particular institution, or in a particular specialty and other reasons. Additionally, the author considers the political decisions of the Soviet / Russian authorities on the regulation of the “anniversary question”. Starting with the late 1940s, the anniversary of a city could be a political campaign, a way of symbolic mobilisation and accumulation of resources. On the other hand, cities’ anniversaries caused a surge in local historical and cultural activism, contributed to the formation of local lore communities, and stimulated the formation of local identity. Particular attention is paid to the resonant “dispute of historians” considering the date of foundation of the city of Perm at the turn of the 1970s, which is personified in the controversy between F. S. Gorovoy and B. N. Nazarovsky becoming a model for the establishment of anniversaries of local centres. A new interpretation of the above polemic is proposed in the context of the Soviet public history formation. The first full-scale anniversary of Perm (as well as a few other Soviet cities) demonstrated its potential as a socioeconomic technology and stimulated urban development and accumulation of the provincial / regional capital. The celebration of anniversaries forms a specific temporality of key dates and gives an impetus to the development of the symbolic component of metropolitan identity.

Union of Cossack-nationalists in bulgaria": consolidation of the Cossack movement in documents of the 1930s

The readers are offered documents about the Cossack cultural, educational and charitable brotherhood "Union of Cossack Nationalists in Bulgaria". During the specified period, the Cossacks experienced a difficult period of restoration, elevation and transformations. In the conditions of large-scale revolutionary movements and the armed struggle for Ukrainian statehood, attempts to consolidate Ukrainian emigration and the use of individual Ukrainian military-Cossack traditions in their activities played a rather noticeable role. During this time, the Ukrainian emigration created many Cossack centers abroad, which were engaged in popularizing the ideas of the Cossacks, the history of Ukraine in emigration, and sought the restoration of independent Ukraine. Today, this experience of the Cossack movement in the 1930s remains little-known for today, is little covered in literature and is available only in archives. Therefore, the found documents are valuable because they contain information about the activities, ideas and leaders of the Union of Cossack Nationalists in Bulgaria. With the help of documents, the article for the first time determined the approximate date of foundation and traced the main tasks of the society. The article found that the society had a charter that regulated its activities, participated in events of the Ukrainian diaspora in Bulgaria, interacted with the government and other organizations.

The True Date of Foundation of the Greenock Burns Club

Greenock Burns Club is the oldest extant Burns Club in the world. While it has disavowed claims to have been the first Burns Club, and holding the first Burns Supper (in favour of the now-defunct Allowa’ Club), it maintains its foundation date is 1801. Contemporary records prove that while the Greenock Ayrshire Society held Burns Suppers for three years from 1802, the Greenock Burns Club only broke away from its parent society in 1804. This still means it is older than Paisley Burns Club, albeit that both societies held their first Burns Suppers on the same day, 29 January 1805.

About the dates of foundation of old-age settlements on the territory of the Maslyaninsky district of the Novosibirsk region

The subject of the study is the dates of the founding of old-age settlements in the Maslyaninsky district of the Novosibirsk region. The goal set by the authors is to clarify the dates of the settlements. The relevance lies in solving the problem of erroneous dating of old-time settlements. The scientific novelty is due to the fact that this topic is poorly studied. There are popular science books, literary collections of local lore, anniversary albums and newspaper publications on the history of the district, but they only give the dates of the founding of settlements without any indication of the source. No special works on the research topic were found. The main methods used in the work are information collection and comparative analysis. The materials of the State Archive of the Altai Territory, the data of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts and the work of Russian scientists were used: D. N. Belikov, Y. S. Bulygin, N. A. Minenko, A. H. Elert. The authors studied the currently known dates of the founding of old-time settlements and determined the causes of their occurrence and spread. Based on archival documents, it was possible to determine the dates of occurrence of a number of settlements. The conclusion reached by the authors is that the settlement of the territory of the modern Maslyaninsky district of the Novosibirsk region begins no earlier than the middle of the XVII century. In the course of the study, it was confirmed that the foundation of a number of settlements belongs to a later period than is commonly believed. It was possible to determine the dates of the foundation of the first settlements. The data obtained will be interesting and useful to museums, libraries, teachers and anyone interested in the history of the development of Siberia.

Social media growth of orthopaedic surgery residency programs in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUNDIn the Spring of 2020, residency programs across the country experienced rapid and drastic changes to their application process as a result of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In response, residency programs shifted to virtual events and began harnessing social media to communicate with applicants.AIMTo analyze the changes in social media usage by orthopaedic surgery programs in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.METHODSBased on the 2019 residency and fellowship electronic database, accredited US orthopaedic surgery programs were reviewed for social media presence on Instagram and Twitter. Approximately 47000 tweets from 2011-2021 were extracted through the Twitter application programming interface. We extracted: Total number of followers, accounts following, tweets, likes, date of account creation, hashtags, and mentions. Natural language processing was utilized for tweet sentiment analysis and classified as positive, neutral, or negative. Instagram data was collected and deemed current as of August 11, 2021. The account foundation date analysis was based on the date recognized as the start of the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States, before or after March 1, 2020.RESULTSA total of 85 (42.3%) orthopaedic surgery residency program Twitter handles were identified. Thirty-five (41.2%) programs joined Twitter in the nine months after the 2020 covid outbreak. In 2020, there was a 126.6% increase in volume of tweets by orthopaedic surgery residency accounts as compared to 2019. The median number of followers was 474.5 (interquartile range 205.0-796.5). The account with the highest number of tweets was Hospital for Special Surgery (@HSpecialSurgery) with 13776 tweets followed by University of Virginia (@UVA_Ortho) with 5063 and Yale (@OrthoAtYale) with 899. Sentiment analysis before 2020 revealed 30.4% positive, 60.8% neutral, and 8.8% negative sentiments across tweets. Interestingly, the positive sentiment percentage increased in 2020 from 30.4% to 34.5%. Of the 201 ACGME-accredited orthopaedic residency programs on Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database, 115 (57.2%) participate on Instagram, with 101 (87.8%) identified as “resident”-managed vs 14 (12.2%) identified as “department”-managed. Over three quarters (77.4%) of Instagram accounts were created after March 1, 2020. The average number of followers per account was 1089.5 with an average of 58.9 total posts. CONCLUSIONOur study demonstrates a substantial growth of Instagram and Twitter presence by orthopaedic surgery residency programs during the COVID-19 pandemic. These data suggest that orthopaedic residency programs have utilized social media as a new way to communicate with applicants and showcase their programs in light of the challenges presented by the pandemic.

Social media and EU companies' engagement in circular economy: A LinkedIn approach

In the Internet age, companies utilize social media platforms to increase their network, visibility, and profits. LinkedIn is one of the most popular such platforms, offering profile hosting and several basic services for free that both companies and customers make good use of. In this study, data-driven and qualitative approaches of assessing the topic of circular economy as a LinkedIn activity in the EU and UK are performed. Data were collected by LinkedIn registered companies with the keyword “circular economy”, extracting variables such as number of employees, date of foundation, company's activities, etc. Results indicate that 3727 EU company profiles are involved in circular economy activities. The majority of these companies operate in the UK, followed by the Netherlands and Italy. In total, there are >120 k employees in companies with circular economy activities in the EU, with Finland having the highest representation per half million population. With the extracted data, we provide a primary descriptive and statistical analysis for each country's engagement in circular economy, based on the business' sector activity. In addition, a presentation of circular economy companies per industrial sector and country is provided. The findings indicate that the examined companies give collective information regarding differentiations among the countries they operate in, but also shed light to the penetration of circular economy entrepreneurship in the EU. Monitoring the characteristics of the examined LinkedIn companies, as well as their descriptions and hashtags, essential insights on the progress and penetration of this ongoing economic transformation is provided. This approach offers significant perspectives for future country-specific in depth-analyses on this trending topic.