Date Of Foundation Research Articles

Social media and EU companies' engagement in circular economy: A LinkedIn approach

In the Internet age, companies utilize social media platforms to increase their network, visibility, and profits. LinkedIn is one of the most popular such platforms, offering profile hosting and several basic services for free that both companies and customers make good use of. In this study, data-driven and qualitative approaches of assessing the topic of circular economy as a LinkedIn activity in the EU and UK are performed. Data were collected by LinkedIn registered companies with the keyword “circular economy”, extracting variables such as number of employees, date of foundation, company's activities, etc. Results indicate that 3727 EU company profiles are involved in circular economy activities. The majority of these companies operate in the UK, followed by the Netherlands and Italy. In total, there are >120 k employees in companies with circular economy activities in the EU, with Finland having the highest representation per half million population. With the extracted data, we provide a primary descriptive and statistical analysis for each country's engagement in circular economy, based on the business' sector activity. In addition, a presentation of circular economy companies per industrial sector and country is provided. The findings indicate that the examined companies give collective information regarding differentiations among the countries they operate in, but also shed light to the penetration of circular economy entrepreneurship in the EU. Monitoring the characteristics of the examined LinkedIn companies, as well as their descriptions and hashtags, essential insights on the progress and penetration of this ongoing economic transformation is provided. This approach offers significant perspectives for future country-specific in depth-analyses on this trending topic.

Historical accuracy: determination of the foundation date of the Institute – National Center for Neurosurgery

Study of the documents from 1928–2015 allowed to determine historically accurate date of foundation of the National Center for Neurosurgery. On this date, due to the initiative from N. N. Burdenko and V. V. Kramer and according to the Decree of the Small Council of the Peoples’ Commissars of the RSFSR, the first Moscow neurosurgical clinic under the State Roentgen Institute opened its doors. Note in the preserved operation journal of the clinic states that the first patient was operated on by N. N. Burdenko on February 15th, 1929. In the context of surgical facilities, the date of first surgery is considered the date of their opening.In 1932, the Scientific Research Neurosurgical Institute was established at the first neurosurgical clinic which in 2015 in accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation was transformed into the N. N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery.

The History, Localization and Architecture of the Urtamsky Ostrog

Purpose. An important direction in the historical and archaeological research of the Siberian ostrogs at this stage is the solution of specific problems associated with the main events of their history. This study is devoted to solving a set of problems related to the history and archaeology of the Urtamsky ostrog in Kozhevnikovsky District of the Tomsk Region: it’s localization, the determination of the foundation date and reconstruction of its architectural appearance, taking into account its transformation over time. Results. Based on the analysis of the written sources, it is proved that the ostrog was founded in 1685, contrary to the point of view in the historiography that the ostrog was established in 1684. Based on the analysis of the written sources, cartographic material and archaeological survey data, a reasoned hypothesis is made about the location of the Urtamsky ostrog on the north-eastern outskirts of the modern village Urtam. Here, material was gathered and artifacts from plundering excavations were collected, indicating the long-term presence of the Russian population in this area. In the course of analyzing the complex of written sources, it was established that the ostrog from the moment of its foundation until the mid-1730s at least once was substantially rebuilt, which resulted in the construction of a new log wall and the replacement of the two corner barn towers with the two gate towers. An analysis of the architectural parameters of the first Urtamsky ostrog showed that the log walls were equal in height to the height of the tower log cabins (about 4 m). Only the roofs of the towers towered above the log wall. At the same time, the towers themselves had a squat appearance and served as barns. Probably, it was this circumstance that prompted S. U. Remezov to depict the Urtamsky ostrog as having no towers, since the towers, neither architecturally nor functionally, did not fully correspond to their classical appearance and purpose. It is possible that the other ostrogs, depicted by S. U. Remezov with no towers, had towers similar to those of the Urtamsky ostrog. Conclusion. The study made it possible to significantly clarify the history of the origin and the reconstruction of the Urtamsky ostrog. The prospects for further research of this object are associated with the archaeological excavations.

Evaluation of Emergency Medicine Residency Programs' use of social media in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic.

ObjectivesThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic significantly affected the ability of residency programs and applicants to interact using traditional methods of in‐person interviews and visiting rotations. We examined the social media presence of emergency medicine (EM) residency training programs and how programs responded to the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsThe Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) identified EM residency programs that participated in the 2021 match. Programs were reviewed for the presence of a website and social media accounts on Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook, as well as foundation date. Data were collected after the ERAS application deadline.ResultsAll programs, except one, had some sort of online presence. A total of 258 websites and 476 social media accounts were identified. The majority of programs maintained an account on Twitter (75%), Instagram (61%), or Facebook (38%). Most Twitter and Facebook accounts were established before the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, 46% of Instagram accounts were created after March 1, 2020. During 2020, there was a 34% increase in total social media account development, higher than in previous years.ConclusionEM residency training programs have a robust online presence. Account development continued to grow in 2020, after the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic, and growth on Instagram was noted to be substantial. Interactions through online platforms may supplement the residency application process, but their efficacy is unclear.

Tendências na escolarização das elites paulistanas nos Séculos XX e XXI

ABSTRACT The objective of this article is to problematize questions about the attendance in basic education of four generations of the elite of São Paulo in the 20th and 21st centuries. This is the analysis of data collected in research Pensamento e Práticas de Cultura da Elite Paulistana1. Based on a questionnaire and interviews carried out between 2018 and 2019, the intention is to analyze the reasons for the choice and the representations about schools. The main hypothesis is based on Pierre Bourdieu’s relational theory of groups, among others, and its subjective and objective ways of building the dispositions of a habitus. To develop the argument, we will make a relational exercise between types of institutions frequented by the researched subjects and their children, remembering the categories of frameworks, time, modalities and cultural dispositions that emerge from them. Through aspects such as the image of establishments on institutional sites, date of foundation, pedagogical objectives, affiliations with international and religious projects, we have observed elements of such processes more closely. As a result, we can say that in addition to the existence of a close correspondence between school selections and family projects, always according to the time of belonging to the elites and sectors of the economy, there would be a tendency since the beginning of the last century for schools with links in the outside.

Notes on the history of the creation of the Russian Academy of Sciences and St Petersburg University in 1724

The achievements of Russian science and education form a reliable basis for the innovative development of the modern economy. It is quite natural, therefore, that there is an interest in the origins of the origin of science and education in Russia. In preparing this article, the author relied on the materials of books written by him about such outstanding scientists as Leonard Euler, Mikhail Lomonosov, Dmitry Mendeleev, who forever inscribed their names in the history of St Petersburg University and made the glory of Russian and world science. The article examines on a factual basis the history of the creation of the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences and Arts, established on the initiative of Peter I. At the request of Peter I, the University and the Gymnasium were included in the Academy. Thus, the simultaneous beginning of the activities of the current Russian Academy of Sciences and St Petersburg State University was laid, having one common date of foundation — January 28 (February 8), 1724. The article examines the first years of the Academy and the University through the special contribution to their development of a number of outstanding scientists, first of all, M. V. Lomonosov. M. V. Lomonosov has the merit of separating the University into an independent unit within the Academy of Sciences, its reorganization in order to ensure high-quality training of domestic scientists and their replenishment of the Academy’s ranks. The main economic ideas of M. V. Lomonosov, who anticipated the modern policy of state protectionism in his proposals. The data on the beginning of the systematic teaching of economic disciplines after the restoration of the activities of St Petersburg University in 1819 are given. Shown are examples of close cooperation between the Russian Academy of Sciences and St Petersburg State University in the modern period, when preparations began for the 300th anniversary of the Russian Academy of Sciences and St Petersburg State University.

НЕПРАВИТЕЛЬСТВЕННЫЕ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ КАК ПРЕДМЕТ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ В ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ НАУКЕ: ОТ ГРАНИЦ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ К ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ НЕОБХОДИМОСТИ

The article presents an overview of the studies of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and highlights their typology on several grounds. Many works can be combined according to the criterion of the existing date of foundation of NGOs and the beginning of their registration as an official institution - before and after 1945. The territorial and activity criterion determines the research of three types of NGOs: in specific countries; in countries where organizations operate without registration; international NGOs. The approach to subjectivity and objectivity divides studies into those that describe the independence and influence of NGOs and those that reveal their instrumentality and use as an agent of «soft power». Vedder's functional system of NGOs made it possible to identify studies on organizations that solve specific problems, as well as work in the field of changing opinions and attitudes on specific issues. Based on the thematic focus of NGO activities, it is proposed to single out groups of studies according to the degree of relevance of the socio-political agenda. In general, it is worth noting the growing attention of researchers to the problems of the work of nongovernmental organizations, which are becoming a noticeable subject of political processes at both the state and international levels.

Исторический проигрыш: Федор Горовой в дискуссии 1968–1972 годов о дате образования Перми

On the basis of mostly published materials, the article investigates the socio-cultural context of the 1968 – 1972 debates about the foundation date of the city of Perm. The aim of the research is to clarify the significance of the debate for the self-determination of the affected part of the Perm public. The hypothesis is that it was conditioned by a change in cultural policy in the mid-1960s. The metaphor of the new cultural policy was the image of the small motherland saturated with value content. The idea of a second homeland was supposed to unite the socialist present times with the pre-Soviet past and fill the current ideology with symbols of the past, including the founding date of the city. Two cultural concepts collided in the discussion about the time of Perm's founding: professional and positivist ones presented by university rector F.S. Gorovoy, and mythmaking ideas voiced by journalist B.N. Nazarovsky. F.S. Gorovoy spoke on behalf of the Soviet science of that period, resorting to its accumulated methods. B.N. Nazarovsky appealed to compatriots' sense of dignity, insisting that his origins are from Ural foremen more worthy than those of imperial officials. The result of the ‘duel’ was decided by the Perm public, which was formed in the course of the public discussion – a gathering of active citizens, who expected from the discussion to satisfy their spiritual expectations, namely to create a colorful and convincing, bright myth about the past of the city of Perm. The "cold" academic narrative of F.S. Gorovoy ran counter to the expectations of the public opinion. For this reason, Gorovoy's arguments were ignored. A "Small Motherland" received a residence permit on the territory of Perm. Gorovoy disregarded these shifts in the public consciousness. The discussion about the timing of the city's creation revealed a certain cultural distance between the local intelligentsia and the official doctrine, with its primacy of science, rationality, and other similar properties. As Soviet citizens, Perm intellectuals were willing to trace their ancestry back to the artisans of Peter the Great's era rather than to the officials who flooded the city in response to Catherine the Great's decree. The argument over yesterday was won by the anger of today. The main result of the debates can be considered the revival of a relatively independent public opinion in the Soviet Perm. And it was so strong that it outweighed the professional historical arguments of F.S. Gorovoy.

Православные храмы сёл Бирля и Табурное Ульяновской области

The article reflects the results of research on the topic «History and cultural heritage of the settlements of the Ulyanovsk region." The subject of the research is the history of the St. Michael the Archangel's Church and the Kazan-Mother of God church in the villages of Birlya and Taburnoe (now belonging to Melekessky district of the Ulyanovsk region). The purpose of the article is to identify the most important periods of the above-mentioned churches from the end of the 19-th century to the 1950-s, to establish the composition of the clergy, and the educational work of the clergy among the population. Analysis of unpublished documents from the Central State Archives of the Samara Region allowed to establish: the ethnic composition of the settlements, socio-economic status of inhabitants, reasons and patterns of migration of the local population; the foundation and liquidation dates of the churches, facts of life of church ministers and parish; statistical data on the economic structure of the clergy. The Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk and Kazan-Mother of God churches in the villages of Birlya and Taburnoye are lost monuments of the Orthodox cultural heritage. Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk and Kazan-Mother of God churches were built, respectively, at the end of the 19th century. and destroyed in the first half of the 1950-s. in connection with the construction of the Kuibyshev hydroelectric power station, and their location is flooded by a reservoir.

Department of Theoretical Electrical Engineering KPI. Igor Sikorsky years, people, destiny

The article offered to the reader is devoted to the formation and stages of development of one of the oldest departments of Kyiv Polytechnic Institute - Department of theoretical electrical engineering. An excerpt from the KPI personnel is given, which confirms the date of foundation . The history of the department is presented through its heads and their activities - from the day of formation to the present time. Main scientific directions of the department's activity and its achievements are given. The article will be useful for the heads and scientific and pedagogical staff of Ukrainian universities, a wide range of readers who are not indifferent to the history of education and science in Ukraine.

Leontopolis: Kaiserstadt ohne Bischof?

Abstract The city of Leontopolis in Isauria first appears in the sources towards the end of the 5th century, more precisely: in a legal text of the later Codex Iustinianus. In general, the surviving information is very sparse. In this essay, the source material is reviewed, in particular the mentioned law and the Martyrdom of Konon of Bidana. On this basis, a date of foundation is suggested, a new localisation of the city is established and the question of its own episcopal see is pursued.

Inequality, networks, and the financing of Classic Maya political power

Inequality is present to some degree in all human societies. In prehispanic Mesoamerica, wealth inequality has been linked to forms of governance, where Classic Maya (250–800 CE) centers exhibit greater wealth inequality then other regions in Mesoamerica. However, how does wealth inequality vary in the Classic Maya world and, specifically, in a region on the margins of the central Maya Lowlands? Here, we examine the mechanisms that differentially drove wealth inequality at eight Classic Maya centers in a single sub-region, southern Belize, linking access to trade and the monopolization of resources with greater degrees of wealth inequality using Least Cost Path analyses and the Gini coefficient. We compare house sizes to calculate the Gini coefficient, multiproxy chronology data to determine occupational history of each center, and network analyses to model movement and transactional relationships in the region. In southern Belize, the foundation date and longevity of each center did not correlate with wealth inequality, likely because when these regional centers were established during the Classic period principals and subaltern alike were already enmeshed in the political economy and social organization of the Classic Maya. Rather, principals were supported through the fiscal financing of external resources through exclusionary exchange networks with some centers exhibiting and maintaining greater degrees of wealth inequality compared to others. Nonetheless, in the peripheral region of southern Belize high degrees of inequality, akin to those in the central Peten, were sustained. This study elucidates the ties between transactional networks, monopolization of resources, and inequities in wealth.

Brand narratives: Content and consequences among heritage brands

AbstractThis study bridges the gap between the managerial view and the consumer view integrating research on storytelling with consumer perceptions of brand heritage. It identifies key elements of the stories told by managers of heritage product brands and consumer responses to these elements. Adopting a mixed‐methods approach, four empirical studies (in‐depth interviews with managers, content analysis of brand websites, a survey, and an experiment) provide evidence for relevant story elements, their use by heritage brand managers and their effects on consumers' responses. With several variables included as controls (consumer age, anxiety state, biological sex, brand familiarity, category involvement, category knowledge and verbal processing style), the findings indicate that brand managers' assumptions about the effectiveness of specific narrative elements do not entirely reflect consumer' responses to these elements. Managers (Studies 1 and 2) commonly employ the story elements of the date of foundation, people, technology, omni‐temporality, struggle, and the place of foundation. While consumers (Studies 3 and 4) infer heritage from the brand's date of foundation, omni‐temporality, and technology, the results are less unanimous for the story elements of people, struggle, and place of foundation.

ВИТОКИ ЛЬВІВСЬКОГО НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ ІМЕНІ ІВАНА ФРАНКА: ДЕЯКІ ДИСКУСІЙНІ ПИТАННЯ (ДО 360-ЛІТТЯ ВІД ЧАСУ ЗАСНУВАННЯ)

ВИТОКИ ЛЬВІВСЬКОГО НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ ІМЕНІ ІВАНА ФРАНКА: ДЕЯКІ ДИСКУСІЙНІ ПИТАННЯ (ДО 360-ЛІТТЯ ВІД ЧАСУ ЗАСНУВАННЯ)

Ptolemaic Berenike: Resources, Logistics, and Daily Life in a Hellenistic Fortress on the Red Sea Coast of Egypt

Excavations at Berenike (Trogodytika) on the Red Sea coast of Egypt provide a foundation date in the third quarter of the third century BCE, which corroborates Pliny the Elder's (HN 6.33.168) claim that Ptolemy II Philadelphus (ca. 285/2–246 BCE) established the port. Named after Philadelphus' mother, Berenike is the only archaeologically attested Hellenistic-era Red Sea emporium. According to literary evidence, it was one of about a dozen founded by early Ptolemaic rulers along the African coast. Study of Berenike's artifacts and ecofacts has confirmed the presence of elephants and has provided data on the diet of the residents and the location, acquisition, and distribution of drinking water. Research has also documented industrial and economic activities. This report presents highlights of these studies.

Household Inequality, Community Formation, and Land Tenure in Classic Period Lowland Maya Society

Access to social capital and valued resources modulates household decision-making as people seek to occupy the best-quality patches of land available. Prior occupancy, inheritance, and land tenure norms can constrain opportunities resulting in inequality between households. We examined processes of settlement development and structural inequality at two Classic Period (250–900 CE) Maya centers, Ix Kuku’il and Uxbenka, in Southern Belize. From the lens of human behavioral ecology (HBE), we evaluate the predictions of two population density models, the ideal free distribution (IFD) and the ideal despotic distribution (IDD), on household decision-making. To do so, we correlate the initial foundation date of households with nine measurable suitability variables as proxies for social and environmental resources. We conclude that at Uxbenka and Ix Kuku’il, social resources, such as the ability to mobilize labor, cooperation, and access to a transportation corridor, likely influenced where people chose to live. Environmental resources, including good farmland and access to perennial water sources, were widely distributed across the landscape and accessible to everyone. This study highlights the importance of social relationships on household decision-making, which is often difficult to detect in the archaeological record. The development and manifestation of institutionalized inequality are processes relevant to all societies past and present.

The unique drawing of the Zaporozhian Sich and the Kamenny Zaton fortress of the beginning of 18th century

The paper presents and analyses the undated drawing of Zaporozhian Sich and Russian fortress Kamenny Zaton (Stone Bay), completely unstudied before. The drawing was made at the beginning of 18th century and has preserved in collection of Malorossiysky prikaz (Little Russia Office) in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts. Using methods of source criticism and historical geography authors attribute the drawing and conclude that it can be connected with the special mission to Sich, headed by Stol’nik (Steward) Fedor Protasyev and the General Esaul of Zaporozhian Host (Cossack Hetmanate) Ivan Skoropadsky in 1703. The main goal of the mission, that is studied on the base of new archive sources, was to oblige Zaporozhian Cossack to take an oath to the Peter I in return for tsar’s salary. Authors also analyzes in details the drawing itself, describing at the same time the process of building of the Kamenny Zaton and correcting the timeline of it, including the foundation date of the fortress. It appeared that Kamenny Zaton had earthen fortifications only, as the Russian government didn’t manage to build stone ones. The picture of the Kamenny Zaton on the drawing was made in the orthogonal projection as quadrilateral bastion fortress, whereas in reality it had five bastions. The Zaporozhian Sich is pictured as symbolical agglomeration of buildings with gable roofs and four towers. Considering technical and stylistic characteristics of the document it can be identified as the Russian geographical drawing, the unique artefact that reflects and visualizes the history of Russian colonization of the lower Dnieper River territories in the beginning of 18th century.

Bolboka, Dmitrovka, Eski Troyan, Kurçu i Satılık-Hacı – gagauskie wsie w południowym Budziaku. Historia i perspektywy przetrwania diaspory

Bolboka, Dmitrovka, Eski Troyan, Kurçu, and Satılık-Hacı are five villages in the southern part of Bessarabia which after the Second World War found themselves within the borders of Ukraine. Not much is known about the history of these places, as even the date of foundation of each of them is not fully clear. Since the time when the Gagauz first settled in this area both the borders and nationality issues have changed. While our knowledge of the Tsarist Russia period is relatively ample, the functioning of these villages in the time of Great Romania and in Soviet times remains poorly studied. After the collapse of the USSR, Southern Budjak was within the borders of Ukraine. In contrast to the Republic of Moldova, the Gagauz population failed to gain autonomy from the state of Ukraine. Conse- quent attempts to incorporate individual cities within the Autonomous Territory of Gagauzia, in the current reality, have very little chance of success.

Exercícios museais com o patrimônio universitário da UFRGS: ações em prol da preservação e divulgação de acervos de caráter museológico

A Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) tem sua história iniciada em 1895, com a fundação dos que viriam a ser seus primeiros cursos, e é formulada enquanto universidade em 1934, com o nome de Universidade de Porto Alegre. Sua federalização ocorreu em 1950, passando à esfera administrativa da União. Se considerarmos a data de fundação das primeiras formações, temos 125 anos de história da educação no sul do Brasil. Essa trajetória se faz presente em documentos escritos, mas também na cultura material vinculada à UFRGS. Como pensar a preservação, pesquisa e promoção dos objetos que evocam essa história? A formação em Museologia da UFRGS tem buscado estratégias de gestão desse acervo, bem como de difusão do conhecimento produzido a partir dessas evidências materiais móveis. No artigo, três experiências são compartilhadas – o programa de extensão “Museologia na UFRGS: trajetórias e memórias”; o projeto “Gestão de acervos museológicos da UFRGS”; a disciplina eletiva “Tópicos especiais em pesquisa museológica da graduação em Museologia” – para refletirmos sobre a musealidade dos acervos que podem vir a se tornar museálias em salvaguarda da Universidade. Observou-se que a Universidade possui um vasto patrimônio cultural sob sua tutela, mas há ainda um longo processo museal para se tornarem museálias. Conclui-se que há a necessidade de interlocução e articulação entre as áreas do conhecimento, bem como a construção e consolidação de políticas setoriais para a difusão da produção científica e cultural presente na UFRGS por meio de seu patrimônio cultural universitário móvel.

The XVIII century in the history of the military medical academy: on the question of the date of its foundation

One of the oldest medical universities in Russia, an object of cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy over the course of its centuries-old history has repeatedly changed the date of its foundation, and even more often it has been disputed. For the first almost a hundred years after the acquisition of the status of academy the first meeting of the conference in 1800 was considered as the starting point of its foundation. Then, a repeated decree from 1798 on the construction of one of the academic buildings was taken as a starting point, although the commemorative plaque and documents indicate the time of construction in 17961808. Already in the 1730s. two imperial decrees were issued, which regulated the staff from the standpoint of education and stated the rules relating to training personnel. 12 years before its official foundation, the academy had already acquired the right to award the doctor`s degree of medicine. In 1937, the commission under the leadership of Professor V.N. Shevkunenko decided to consider the foundation date of the academy as 1786. In 1939, the academy celebrated its 140th anniversary, taking as a basis the approved report of Baron A.I. Vasiliev, where the word academy was first heard. Researchers of the XX beginning of the XXI century stop at the dates of 1733 or 1735. In our article, we tried to draw the readers attention to inconsistencies in approaches and facts in order to re-initiate a discussion about the currently accepted date of the foundation of the Military Medical Academy. We believe that it is the formation of the personnel training system that should be the fundamental factor in determining the beginning of the academy (3 figs, bibliography: 12 refs).