Date Of Foundation Research Articles

Memórias da ÍdichSchule: movimentos de uma escola judaica, pelas narrativas de estudantes e professores (1922 – 1956, Porto Alegre/RS)

O artigo tematiza processos de educação vividos por uma comunidade judaica em Porto Alegre, tendo como foco a construção de uma escola, a ÍdichSchule. A temporalidade da pesquisa compreende, como marco inicial, o ano de 1922, data de fundação da primeira sinagoga e da escola, até o ano de 1956, quando esta passa por importantes transformações, passando a oferecer o Curso Ginasial. O corpus empírico consiste em narrativas de memória oral de pessoas longevas, a grande maioria de origem judaica, estudantes e/ou professores desta instituição educativa. São entrevistas produzidas entre as décadas de 1980 e 1990 que se encontram arquivadas em um acervo judaico, transpostas para a cultura escrita. O interesse da pesquisa reside no que foi escolhido pelos narradores como lembranças das vivências comunitárias. Por meio da análise documental, produziu-se uma inteligibilidade acerca das memórias desses sujeitos que conservam, quase que visceralmente, o apreço pela cultura escrita. De tudo o que se investigou, pode-se dizer que a construção de um lugar para estudar era tão importante quanto um lugar para rezar. É nessa interface que se constitui a ÍdichSchule, uma instituição que precisou, como muitas outras, superar as oposições para integrar-se à sociedade brasileira. Neste sentido, infere-se que havia uma intenção assimilacionista, em meio às discussões sobre a condição dos judeus na sociedade brasileira. Nas disputas, que se traduziam especialmente nos entendimentos acerca da formação dos estudantes, buscou-se uma conciliação entre aqueles que priorizavam o ensino religioso e aqueles que defendiam uma maior laicização da educação.

Miradas de inspección: las bibliotecas populares del partido de La Plata según los informes de la Comisión Protectora, 1919-1945

Entre las décadas de 1910 y 1940 en los barrios de distintas ciudades argentinas se fundaron centenares de bibliotecas populares que obtuvieron la protección de la Comisión Protectora de Bibliotecas Populares (repartición del Ministerio de Justicia e Instrucción Pública). En el presente artículo abordaremos los distintos informes de inspección que los/as inspectores/as de dicha Comisión elaboraron a partir de sus visitas a las bibliotecas populares del Partido de La Plata (Capital de la Provincia de Buenos Aires) entre 1919 y 1945, período de expansión de la ciudad y del número de bibliotecas. Buscando exceder -sin desatender- el plano descriptivo que este tipo de fuente documental puede brindarnos (fecha de fundación, cantidad y calidad de libros, aspecto de las salas de las bibliotecas, etc.), partimos del concepto de mirada(s), el cual nos permite atender a las atribuciones de sentidos operadas por estos/as funcionarios/as acerca de las bibliotecas populares inspeccionadas, sus contextos de inserción barrial, sus dirigentes y sus materiales bibliográficos.

Udział świeckich w Kościele lokalnym i powszechnym. Rada Regionu Gdańskiego Franciszkańskiego Zakonu Świeckich na przestrzeni Kapituł w latach 1989–2016

The history of Franciscan tertiary has lasted for over eight centuries and has always been connected with penitential movement. The tradition tells that the Franciscan Order was founded in 1221. The Pope Paul VI confirmed the rule for the tertiaries with his letter Seraphicus Patriarcha. After its introduction, the Order became the autonomous association of church and the tertiaries from all the world were the noticeable community on the international, national, regional and local level. Fraternities of the secular Franciscan Order provide the church the strengthening of catholicity and the unique experience of universal brotherhood. The region of Gdansk has developed one of such communities. Nowadays, in the new structures of the tertiary movement, the Gdansk community has started its tenth term of office in order to serve the secular Franciscans. The region includes the tertiary communities from Gdansk archdiocese, diocese of both Pelplin and Torun. This study attempts to present its history from the date of foundation to the present time.

Effect of 3D printing technology on pelvic fractures:a Meta-analysis

To evaluate the effect of 3D printing technology applied in the surgical treatment of pelvic fractures through the published literatures by Meta-analysis. The PubMed database, EMCC database, CBM database, CNKI database, VIP database and Wanfang database were searched from the date of database foundation to August 2017 to collect the controlled clinical trials in wich 3D printing technology was applied in preoperative planning of pelvic fracture surgery. The retrieved literatures were screened according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and quality evaluation were performed. Then, the available data were extracted and analyzed with the RevMan5.3 software. Totally 9 controlled clinical trials including 638 cases were chosen. Among them, 279 cases were assigned to the 3D printing technology group and 359 cases to the conventional group. The Meta-analysis results showed that the operative time[SMD=-2.81, 95%CI(-3.76, -1.85)], intraoperative blood loss[SMD=-3.28, 95%CI(-4.72, -1.85)] and the rate of complication [OR=0.47, 95%CI(0.25, 0.87)] in the 3D printing technology were all lower than those in the conventional group;the excellent and good rate of pelvic fracture reduction[OR=2.09, 95%CI(1.32, 3.30)] and postoperative pelvic functional restoration [OR=1.94, 95%CI(1.15, 3.28) in the 3D printing technology were all superior to those in the conventional group. 3D printing technology applied in the surgical treatment of pelvic fractures has the advantage of shorter operative time, less intraoperative blood loss and lower rate of complication, and can improve the quality of pelvic fracture reduction and the recovery of postoperative pelvic function.

Про час заснування Ніконія (за матеріалами східногрецької кераміки)

The date of foundation of the Greek city Nikonion is a key-question for understanding of the historical processes which took part in the Lower Dnister region during the period of the Greek colonization of the Black Sea north-western area. Preliminary studying of excavations materials allowed determining that Nikonion was founded in the second half of the 6th century BC. Modern level of the sources, first of all, such as the imported table wares, makes it possible to precise this date essentially. The detailed study of the Ionian vessels with skew (cups) and direct (hemispherical bowls) rim allowed the author to confine the time of Nikonion foundation by the limits of the last third (quarter) of the 6th century BC. The future publishing of complete assemblage of East Greek pottery accumulated for the 50 years excavations will give a possibility to prove this date and answer for the wider circle of questions connected with the place of Nikonion on the map of North-Western Pontic region, its political and economic history.

Treatment of depression with Chai Hu Shu Gan San: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 42 randomized controlled trials

BackgroundDepression is a common mental disorder. Chai Hu Shu Gan San, a traditional Chinese medicine, is used to treat depression empirically. We present a systematic review and meta-analysis of the therapeutic efficacy and safety of Chai Hu Shu Gan San in treating depression.MethodsSeveral databases, including PubMed, China National Knowledge Internet, Wanfang, Chongqing VIP, and the Cochrane library, were systematically searched from their date of foundation to January 1, 2017. In this review, wehave included randomized control trials that compared Chai Hu Shu Gan San (or its combination with a regular Western medicine) with a regular Western medicine alone for the treatment of depression. Two investigators independently extracted and analyzed the data using RevMan 5.2.0 software. Mean difference (with a 95% confidence interval) was used as efficacy indices for outcomes.ResultsWe included 42 studies involving 3234 patients with depression in 15 different types of diseases. Meta analyses showed better effect of Chai Hu Shu Gan San than fluoxetine for pure depression (MD = − 1.59, from − 2.82 to − 0.37, 4 trials, I2 = 26%), for post-stroke depression (MD = − 4.20, from − 6.20 to − 2.19, 7 trials, I2 = 96%), and for postpartum depression (MD = − 4.10, from − 7.48 to − 0.72 7 trials, I2 = 86%). None of the articles reported severe adverse events of oral administration of Chai Hu Shu Gan San. Furthermore, any adverse effects of using Chai Hu Shu Gan San alone were fewer than those of regular Western medicines.ConclusionsThis review found that Chai Hu Shu Gan San has some advantages in treating depression, especially post-stroke depression and post-partum depression. A meticulously designed and conducted randomized control trial is needed for further evaluation.

The Greeks West of the Rhone (F). Genesis, Evolution and End of a Greek Area

According to ancient texts, all several centuries more recent than the city’s beginning, ancient historians claimed that Agde (Agàthe) was a ‘city of Marseille’, with an uncertain foundation date, while the Hérault river was the border between the Massalian domain and that of the Greek city of Empòrion. The western natives were seen as turned towards Iberia and it was assumed they developed an ‘Ibero-Languedocian civilisation’.

Struggle of the 'Teacher Community' Society for development of Ukrainian private schooling in Galicia (1910-1914)

The paper describes achievements of the Ukrainian 'Teacher Community' Society in the development of Ukrainian private schooling in Galicia on the eve of World War I. It is pointed out that from its foundation date the Society in concert with other national-cultural organizations ('Mutual Support of Ukrainian Teachers', 'Prosvita', Shevchenko Scientific Society (SSS) etc.) started struggling for transformation of Utraquist Polish-Ukrainian schools into Ukrainian-speaking educational institutions as well as made considerable efforts to set up Ukrainian gymnasia. It is stated that among the Society's trusty allies in the implementation of identified tasks were not only Ukrainian national-cultural organizations but also political parties, namely the Ukrainian People's Democratic Party (UPDP). Owing to joint strenuous activities, a Regional School Union was set up, which became a coordinating body of Ukrainian private schooling. Specifically, it examined performance records of school management, admitted applications of candidates for teacher's jobs etc. It is proved that the most active phase of cooperation between the Teacher Community and the Regional School Union lasted from 1910 to 1911 - a lot of constructive meetings were held and joint actions organized, which contributed to the establishment of Ukrainian schooling in Galicia. Convincing achievements of the Society were the organization of preparatory courses for the first form of gymnasia, aimed at improved accessibility of training to school youth, and introduction of celebration of national holidays in regional Ukrainian language gymnasia. It is indicated that the Teacher Community faced numerous topical tasks which it failed to solve in 1910-1914 (enhancement of cooperation of the Society with the Austrian Union of Secondary School Teachers, pressing the Regional School Union for transformation of Utraquist gymnasia in Stryi and Berezhany into Ukrainian-speaking educational institutions). It is concluded that the Company was rather efficient in protecting the interests of its members through petitioning local authorities in case of offences against any member of the Society and generally sought to raise the national-cultural level of Ukrainian teachers.

Efficacy and safety of tiotropium Respimat in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: systematic review

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tiotropium Respimat in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) according to the Cochrane systematic evaluation. Methods: The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase, CNKI, VIP and CBM, Wanfang Data were searched(from the foundation date to Jan. 2016) for the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of tiotropium Respimat in the treatment of patients with COPD. Two reviewers independently retrieved the RCTs according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, assessed the methodological quality of the included trials.and performed statistical analysis on the data using RevMan 5.3 software. Results: Totally 11 RCTs on efficacy were finally included.The results of the combined analysis showed that FEV(1) was significantly improved in the tiotropium Respimat group than that in the placebo group[MD=0.12, 95%CI(0.10-0.14), P<0.000 01], while FEV(1) was similar between the tiotropium Respimat group and the tiotropium HandiHaler group[5 μg: MD=0.00, 95%CI(-0.04-0.04), P=0.94; 2.5 μg: MD=-0.04, 95%CI(-0.10-0.01), P=0.12; 10 μg: MD=0.02, 95%CI(-0.06-0.09), P=0.66]. FVC was significantly improved in the tiotropium Respimat group than that in the placebo group[MD=0.18, 95%CI(0.09-0.28), P=0.0002], while FVC was similar between the tiotropium Respimat group and the HandiHaler group[2.5 μg: MD=-0.06, 95%CI(-0.16-0.04), P=0.24; 5 μg: MD=-0.00, 95%CI(-0.08-0.08), P=1.00; 10 μg: MD=0.02, 95%CI(-0.14-0.19), P=0.78]. The risk of acute exacerbations was lower in the tiotropium Respimat group (5 μg / kg) than in the placebo group [OR=0.72, 95%CI(0.60-0.86), P=0.000 3]. It was similar in the tiotropium Respimat group (5 μg) and the HandiHaler group[OR=1.01, 95%CI(0.94-1.09), P=0.71]. The SGRQ total score of the tiotropium Respimat group (5 μg) was significantly different from that of the placebo group[MD=-3.6, 95%CI(-3.88--3.32), P<0.000 01]. C(max, ss) and AUC(0-6 h, ss) were also similar between the tiotropium Respimat group and the HandiHaler group[MD=0.2, 95%CI(-5.1-5.5), P=0.94]; MD=-1.01, 95%CI(-11.78-9.77), P=0.85]. Nine RCTs were included in the evaluation of the incident rates of adverse drug reactions(ADR). There was no significant difference between the tiotropium Respimat group HandiHaler group and the placebo group[RR=0.95, 95%CI(0.89-1.00), P=0.05], [OR=1.07, 95%CI(1.00-1.16), P=0.06]. Conclusions: The efficacy and safety of tiotropium Respimat was similar to tiotropium HandiHaler in the treatment of COPD. They can effectively improve the pulmonary function and clinical symptoms of patients. But the long-term efficacy and safety of tiotropium Respimat still need to be confirmed by higher quality and larger RCTs with long-term follow-up.

Decompressive craniectomy for malignant middle cerebral artery infarctions: a meta-analysis

BackgroundDecompressive craniectomy (DC) has been the classical management for malignant middle cerebral artery infarctions (mMCAI) in clinical practice. However, the association between DC and mMCAI remains unclear. This review went to evaluate the efficacy of DC in treating mMCAI patients.MethodsStudies were entirely searched since the foundation dates of multiple databases to June 2016. All major databases were involved, including Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and other sources. the bias risk of studies involved were evaluated. Modified Rankin Scale was defined as Primary outcome, Odds Ratio and 95% confidence intervals was taken as measurements. T2 (tau-squared) test, I2 test, and chi-square tests were used for statistical heterogeneity evaluation for each meta-analysis result, followed by fixed-effect model. Mantel-haenszel method was used in the process of summary estimations. All of the meta-analysis was conducted by Review Manager 5.3.Results & ConclusionOne thousand one hundred forty-five records of data were critically identified and collected through databases and 14 studies were finally involved. Result suggested that DC can ameliorate the suboptimal outcome of mMCAI patients.

中世アナトリアのイスラーム墓廟建築にみる三角形平面を用いたドーム移行部の歴史的展開

This paper aims to consider the historical development on transitional zone of dome employing triangles in Islamic mausoleums built from the second half of the 12th to the first half of the 15th century in Anatolia. When looking at the transitional zones of the target 50 mausoleums, the transitional zones can be classified into five types from their morphological characteristics (Table 1). Their morphological characteristics, and their regional and chronological distributions were discussed in the section 2. Based on the results of the section 2, the relationship between each transitional zone were considered with paying attention to the location, the foundation date, and the lower and upper end of transitional zone in the section 3 (Fig. 24). “Small Triangle” placing a small stone with two notched triangles were used at each corner of the octagonal lower end of the transitional zone in the earliest two mausoleums (No. 42 and 43) of all which were built in the middle part of Anatolia. This transitional zone continued to be used till the first half of the 14th century (No. 46) as it showed minor changes. Focusing on the other mausoleums of which lower end of the transitional zone is octagonal, although No. 2 in the first half of the 13th century had 16 triangles like No. 42, “Turkish Triangle” was used by enlarging each triangles. Since the more complicated “Turkish Triangle” were applied to No. 8 and 9 having the octagonal lower end, it is presumed that “Turkish Triangle” applied to the octagonal transitional zone had evolved more complicated and precise after the second half of the 13th century. “Turkish Triangle” also began to be applied to the mausoleums of which lower end of the transitional zone is square in the first half of the 13th century. In the 13th century, “Turkish Triangle” which had large and a small number of triangles (No. 3 and 6) or which looks like “Discontinuous Turkish Triangle” (No. 4 and 7) were used. However, it can be pointed out that “Turkish Triangle” became complicated with using a larger number of triangles than before in the 14th century (No. 12 and 13), and it gradually propagated to the west. Contrary to “complicating” mentioned above, “Small Triangle” used for the mausoleums of which lower end of the transitional zone is octagonal showed a change to the simplified transitional zone which used only one triangle at each upper corner of the body (No. 45 and 49). A similar change can be seen in the “Turkish Triangle” applied to the mausoleums of which lower end of the transitional zone is square. While “Turkish Triangle” had been used since the first half of the 13th century, “Discontinuous Turkish triangle” (No. 31 and 32, etc.) was created in the middle part of Anatolia as a different type of “Turkish Triangle” in order to provide four openings in the transitional zone, and then it was introduced into the west as one formulated transitional zone in the 14th century (No. 36 and 39, etc.). Furthermore, “Turkish Fan” was also created in the middle part of Anatolia as a new transitional zone that simply and smoothly compose each upper corner by 2 or 3 triangles (No. 14). In conclusion, the transitional zone employing some small triangles, which is “Small Triangle”, was created first in the middle part of Anatolia. Based on this transitional zone, the various transitional zones, such as “Turkish Triangle”, “Discontinuous Turkish Triangle”, and “Turkish Fan”, were created by the two conflicting methods like complicating or simplifying and their use areas were expanded to the western part of Anatolia over time.

Groundwater Depletion Beneath Downtown Tucson, Arizona: A 240‐Year Record

AbstractBeginning with the foundation date of Spanish Tucson in 1775 and continuing through the 1890s, shallow groundwater and related features, including a perched aquifer, stream‐bed springs and a short perennial reach in the Santa Cruz River, progressively disappeared from the Downtown Tucson area. The 20th‐Century city grew rapidly, and increasing groundwater withdrawals caused large declines in the regional aquifer of Tucson basin, leaving a second perched aquifer with non‐aqueous contaminants beneath Downtown. Isotope data show that this fully perched aquifer retains residual water from the regional aquifer, plus recharge derived from a nearby small watercourse. The present regional aquifer beneath Downtown is locally layered and partly confined, and contains water 7–20 Ka years old originating at the northern and southeastern basin margins.

К вопросу о дате основания Ботанического сада при Императорском Томском университете

К вопросу о дате основания Ботанического сада при Императорском Томском университете

Arquétipos de práticas estratégicas de incorporadoras imobiliárias familiares de médio porte (Models of strategic practices carried out by mid-size family construction firms)

Carece-se de estudos investigativos das especificidades das práticas estratégicas desempenhadas pela empresa de médio porte. Assumindo-se que portes distintos implicam características distintas, procede-se neste artigo à geração de proposições substantivas pelas quais se objetiva sugerir explicações para tais práticas. Para tanto, trabalha-se com dados longitudinais coletados de três incorporadoras familiares. Técnicas qualitativas embasaram as análises. Verificou-se, entre outros resultados, que características legadas do pequeno porte geram um estilo de conduta mediante o qual a empresa tende a manter-se no médio porte, vinculando-se o sucesso de suas propostas a estratégias que são próprias do estado em que ela se encontra.

Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk Kapsamında Çevre Açıklamaları İle Firma Özellikleri Arasındaki İlişki: Kimya, Petrol, Kauçuk ve Plastik Ürünler Sektöründe Bir Uygulama - Relation Between Company Features And Environmental Statement Within Corporate Social Responsibility: An Application In Chemistry, Petroleum, Rubber And Plastics Products Industry

The purpose of this research is to determine the relation between company features and environmental statement amounts in the annual activity reports of companies. To this end, activity reports of 19 companies making business in chemistry, petroleum, rubber and plastic products industry in Borsa Istanbul were inspected with content analysis method for 2008 - 2014. The company features inspected within the research are size, equity profitability, active profitability, debt levels, stock market listing date and date of foundation of companies. In the research, the relation between environmental statement level and related company features were analyzed with panel

Section of anesthetists of the Slovenian medical association

The foundation dates of the section of anesthetists of the Slovenian medical association were mostly based on unproven anecdotal reports. Documents recently discovered at the historical archive of Ljubljana indicate that the section was founded by D. Hocevar and nineteen Slovenian anesthetists February 6 th 1957. The section during the next years ceased to function and was revived in 1962. Carefully maintained archives vanished by 1969. After a critical period the Slovenian Section reached its maximal activity in the years 1970 -1980 by creating a Slovenian training program for anesthetists, comparable to most other developed countries. International meetings of Styrian and Slovenian anesthetists as well as the international seminars in Anesthesia all with published proceedings, were recognizable events.

Sekcija za anestezijo Slovenskega zdravniškega društva

The foundation dates of the section of anesthetists of the Slovenian medical association were mostly based on unproven anecdotal reports. Documents recently discovered at the historical archive of Ljubljana indicate that the section was founded by D. Hočevar and nineteen Slovenian anesthetists February 6th 1957. The section during the next years ceased to function and was revived in 1962. Carefully maintained archives vanished by 1969. After a critical period the Slovenian Section reached its maximal activity in the years 1970 -1980 by creating a Slovenian training program for anesthetists, comparable to most other developed countries. International meetings of Styrian and Slovenian anesthetists as well as the international seminars in Anesthesia all with published proceedings, were recognizable events.

PAZARLAMA VE RAKEBET HUKUKU: TÜRK REKABET KURULU KARARLARI PERSPEKTİFİNDEN

Increasing competition in many economies in the world brings back new strategy seekings. Sometimes these seekings cause “aggressive” or suicidal” applications. Since these applications negatively affect competition, legal arrangements about these subjects have been made with competition law in Turkey as in many countries. In this study the relationship between marketing and competition law was investigated by analyzing the decisions of Turkish Competition Authority. At the same time Turkish Competition Law is explained for marketing decision makers of firms and also marketing academicians. All the decisions from the Authority’s foundation date are analysed. The analysis has been made by Nvio package program. Findings of this study are; There is an important relationship between marketing and antitrust law, marketing strategies play an important role in Turkish Competition Authority’s decisions, decision makers in marketing should be aware of the regulations of competition law while they are giving important strategical decisions.

The Silla Annals’ Anachronistic Reference to Queen Himiko, the Wa Ruler of Yamatai*

It is becoming increasingly apparent to historians and archaeologists alike that the twelfth-century Samguk sagi’s datings for many of its early entries, especially those appearing in its Silla Annals (Silla pon’gi 新羅本紀) and Paekche Annals (Paekche pon’gi 百濟本紀), are problematic. Having devoted a number of years to the study of these two texts, I have come to the conclusion that the vast majority of the early entries in both chronicles are accounts of actual historical events that have been systematically antedated. It is evident that the records upon which the Silla and Paekche chronicles were based were, for the most part, originally dated according to the sexagenary cycle (K. kanji 干支 cycle). Thus when accounts of later events in Silla’s or Paekche’s histories were antedated to fill the chronological void created by the implausibly early foundation dates ascribed to the two kingdoms, in most instances the redating was done in multiples of sixty years. In this paper I will first demonstrate through a comparison with evidence derived from two much earlier Chinese sources—the third-century Sanguozhi and the fifth-century Hou Hanshu—that the Silla Annals’ date of 173 for the arrival at the Silla court of a diplomatic mission allegedly sent by the Japanese queen Himiko (K. Pimiho) is not only anachronistic, but impossible. I will then argue through a comparison primarily with evidence from the late eighth-century Japanese history, the Shoku Nihongi, that the embassy to Silla purportedly sent by Himiko in the late second century is actually an antedated account of an embassy recorded as having been sent by a female Japanese ruler of the early eighth century.

Formation of Roman Law in Monarchy

Monarchy has started with the establishment of the city of Rome in 753 B.C. and lasted until 510 B.C. Having settled on Seven Hills, Romans found here local inhabitants and their civilisation which was marked by pagi (the composition of a settlement), gentes (families), and clients belonging to it. Romans have strengthened the institute of a family without abolishment of relations between gentes. The date of city foundation was when the first king Romulus organised the society of the city by dividing it into patricians and plebeians. In Monarchy, when Etruscans have implemented reforms, Rome has expanded from a city to a state. In 6 A.D., sacred rites involved a primitive Roman law. At international level, in words of nowadays, the Law of Fetial taken over from other nations and appreciated by Romans in practice has been functioning. It lasted for eight centuries. Law is analysed with the attempts to determine its impact on culture. How did the developing law of Rome manage to influence the culture of other nations? “In Rome, script appeared in 6 A.D.” 1 . Though, there are no written documents from the period of the city of Rome. Leges regiae has been restored from other documents. More historical monuments, witnessing about the culture of the city of Rome, have been remained.