Literature Databases Research Articles

Mechanism of Colquhounia Root Tablets in inhibiting osteoclast differentiation based on HSP90 target modulation

This study aimed to investigate the potential role of Colquhounia Root Tablets against bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis(RA) and its molecular mechanism. The study used ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to analyze the major components of Colquhounia Root Tablets and predicted its candidate target gene set based on the major components. The key targets of RA bone destruction were obtained through GeneCards and the Database of Genetics and Medical Literature(OMIM), protein-protein interaction(PPI) network was constructed, and the key targets were identified by topological analysis. The molecular mechanism of Colquhounia Root Tablets against RA bone destruction was further revealed using Gene Ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) enrichment analysis. The effects of Colquhounia Root Tablets on macrophage viability was assessed by MTS assay and screened for non-toxic concentrations. A model of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB(RANKL) induced osteoclast differentiation in vitro was constructed. Colquhounia Root Tablets were used to observe the formation and differentiation of osteoclasts by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP) staining and fibrous actin(F-actin) staining, and the effects of Colquhounia Root Tablets on the changes of core target proteins in the osteoclast differentiation system were detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot. The results showed that the main components of Colquhounia Root Tablets included 14 compounds such as triptolide, celastrol, and triptophenolide. Further network analysis revealed that heat-shock protein 90(HSP90) was the key target gene of Colquhounia Root Tablets for anti-RA bone destruction. TRAP staining and F-actin staining showed that the number and area of TRAP-positive polymorphonuclear cells, as well as actin rings, were reduced in a dose-dependent manner after the intervention of Colquhounia Root Tablets(P<0.01). Western blot results showed that the expression of HSP90 protein was significantly reduced after intervention with Colquhounia Root Tablets at 20 and 40 μg·mL~(-1)(P<0.01); Colquhounia Root Tablets at 10 μg·mL~(-1) could significantly decrease the expression of necrosis factor receptor associated molecule 6(TRAF6) and nuclear factor of activated T cells 1(NFATc1) proteins(P<0.01); moreover, all doses of Colquhounia Root Tablets significantly reduced the expression of osteoclast differentiation marker proteins matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP9) and cathepsin K(CTSK)(P<0.01).Immunofluorescence results further confirmed that Colquhounia Root Tablets significantly inhibited HSP90 and CTSK levels, as well as NFATc1 activation in osteoblasts. In conclusion, the present study confirmed that Colquhounia Root Tablets may inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation by regulating the key target of HSP90, thus exerting an anti-RA bone destruction effect, which will provide a new idea for Colquhounia Root Tablets to prevent and treat bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis.

Integration of patient-oriented research principles in health institutions: a scoping review protocol

IntroductionIn 2011, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research launched a Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research (POR) for healthcare and academic institutions to increase patient participation in health research. POR considers patients...

Measuring technology-facilitated sexual violence and abuse: a scoping review protocol of existing measurements

IntroductionTechnology-facilitated sexual violence and abuse (TFSVA) refers to a range of behaviours in which digital technologies are used to facilitate both virtual and face-to-face sexual harm. The proliferation of smartphone...

A Critical Need for Advanced Practice Nurse Education in Sub-Saharan Africa and Lessons Learned From the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Discursive Review.

To discuss the need to expand advanced practice nurse education in Sub-Saharan Africa as a strategic response to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Discursive paper. Searching international literature in PubMed, CINAHL and Google Scholar databases, we explored the impact of COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa and the advanced practice nurse role and education in the pandemic response. The COVID-19 pandemic served as a barrier to healthcare access and disrupted routine immunizations and care, reduced facility-based healthcare services, increased disease burden and mortality, strain and is expected to worsen the healthcare workforce shortage in Sub-Saharan Africa. The COVID-19 pandemic has further emphasised the necessity to strengthen advanced practice nurse education in Sub-Saharan Africa. This discursive paper underscores the critical role of advanced practice nurse education in Sub-Saharan Africa as a proactive strategy to strengthen the healthcare workforce and systems. The lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic highlight the urgency to invest in advanced practice nurse education and training programmes in the region. There was no patient or public involvement in the design or drafting of this discursive paper. The authors reviewed the literature to develop a discussion about advanced nursing practice.

Fluorescence-Guided Surgery Using 5-Aminolevulinic Acid/Protoporphyrin IX in Brain Metastases

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this systematic review was to provide a comprehensive overview of the available literature on 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)–induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) for the resection of brain metastases (BMs). METHODS: A comprehensive search of the PubMed database for literature on 5-ALA use in BMs surgery was performed. For inclusion, BMs studies had to have data on the observed intraoperative fluorescence available. Additional data categories included the number of metastatic tumors, 5-ALA dosage and timing, the imaging system (eg, microscope) used, imaging wavelength(s), fluorescence grading (“simple” and “detailed”), fluorescence consistency (heterogeneous vs homogeneous), intracranial tumor location, metastatic primary tumor location, and extent of resection, among others. RESULTS: Twenty-three articles published between 2007 and 2022 met the inclusion criteria. These studies comprised 1709 total patients; 870 metastatic samples were collected from 855 patients with 377 (43.3%) fluorescence-negative and 493 (56.7%) fluorescence-positive samples. The pooled overall prevalence of fluorescence-positive metastatic lesions was 66% (95% CI 55%-75%; I2 = 85%, P < .01). The fluorescence grading was as follows: (a) simple fluorescence (n = 599): 295 (49.3%) fluorescence-negative and 304 (50.8%) fluorescence-positive samples and (b) detailed fluorescence (n = 271): 82 (30.3%) no fluorescence, 107 (39.5%) weak fluorescence, and 82 (30.3%) strong fluorescence. A total of 764 lesions had primary tumor site data available: 702 lesions had fluorescence data with 384 (54.7%) fluorescence-positive samples. CONCLUSION: FGS using 5-ALA/PpIX in BMs demonstrates varying benefits as an adjunct for maximizing the extent of resection. Thus, preoperative knowledge of the primary tumors' origin may inform surgeons regarding the potential utility of 5-ALA/PpIX for FGS management of BMs.

The Carbon Footprint of Hospital Services and Care Pathways: A State-of-the-Science Review.

Climate change is the 21st century's biggest global health threat, endangering health care systems worldwide. Health care systems, and hospital care in particular, are also major contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. This study used a systematic search and screening process to review the carbon footprint of hospital services and care pathways, exploring key contributing factors and outlining the rationale for chosen services and care pathways in the studies. This state-of-the-science review searched the MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), GreenFILE (EBSCOhost), Web of Science, Scopus, and the HealthcareLCA databases for literature published between 1 January 2000 and 1 January 2024. Gray literature was considered up to 1 January 2024. Inclusion criteria comprised original research reporting on the carbon footprint of hospital services or care pathways. Quality of evidence was assessed according to the guidelines for critical review of product life cycle assessment (LCA). PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023398527. Of 5,415 records, 76 studies were included, encompassing 151 hospital services and care pathways across multiple medical specialties. Reported carbon footprints varied widely, from carbon dioxide () equivalents () for an hour of intravenously administered anesthesia to 10,200 for a year of hemodialysis treatment. Travel, facilities, and consumables were key contributors to carbon footprints, whereas waste disposal had a smaller contribution. Relative importance of carbon hotspots differed per service, pathway, medical specialty, and setting. Studies employed diverse methodologies, including different LCA techniques, functional units, and system boundaries. A quarter of the studies lacked sufficient quality. Hospital services and care pathways have a large climate impact. Quantifying the carbon footprint and identifying hotspots enables targeted and prioritized mitigation efforts. Even for similar services, the carbon footprint varies considerably between settings, underscoring the necessity of localized studies. The emerging field of health care sustainability research faces substantial methodological heterogeneity, compromising the validity and reproducibility of study results. This review informs future carbon footprint studies by highlighting understudied areas in hospital care and providing guidance for selecting specific services and pathways. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14754.

Data mining applications in risk research: A systematic literature review

Despite the rising literature on data mining (DM) approaches, there is a lack of a complete literature review and categorization system within risk research. This paper presents the first recognized academic literature review on the application of data mining tools in risk research provides an up-to-date SCOPUS literature database. Based on bibliometric analysis, 5422 papers related torisk were identified from a total of 77,410 studies on data mining and thoroughly analyzed. Each of the selected 5422 papers was classified into four risk categories: global risk, public health risk, molecular and biomedical risk, and pharmaceutical risk. Each primary risk category was further subdivided to highlight the specific research focuses within each domain. Global risks encompass business, environmental, and social risks. Scholars have predominantly focused on the banking, market, and construction sectors within business risk, while environmental risk includes catastrophe-related risks. Social risks encompass areas such as education, traffic safety, and transportation concerns. Clinical data is usually employed in public health risk research, while various radiomic databases are utilized in genetic and molecular biology research. In pharmaceutical research, DM is primarily used to detect adverse drug effects. According to the findings of this review, the fields of computer science and medicine received the most significant research attention. The review also discusses limitations and provides a roadmap to guide future research, aiming to enhance knowledge development related to the application of data mining techniques in risk-related studies.

Comparing and assessing physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidelines for different populations with and without chronic conditions and/or disabilities: a systematic review protocol

Physical activity guidelines targeting different populations with and without chronic diseases or disabilities are required to meet the diverse functional and physiological needs experienced by different subgroups of people to...

Evaluating the Effects of Flavonoids on Insects: Implications for Managing Pests Without Harming Beneficials.

Flavonoids have multiple functions, including host-plant defense against attacks from herbivorous insects. This manuscript reviewed and analyzed the scientific literature to test the hypothesis that flavonoids can be utilized to manage pests without causing significant harm to beneficials. The methodology involved using recognized literature databases, e.g., Web of Science, Scopus, and CAB Abstracts, via the USDA-ARS, National Agricultural Library, DigiTop literature retrieval system. Data were compiled in tables and subjected to statistical analysis, when appropriate. Flavonoids were generally harmful to true bugs and true flies but harmless to honey bees. Flavonoid glycosides showed a tendency to harm true bugs (Heteroptera) and true flies (Diptera). Flavonoid glycosides were harmless to sawflies. Flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides produced a mixture of harmful and harmless outcomes to herbivorous beetles, depending on the species. Flavonoid glycosides were harmless to butterflies. In conclusion, specific flavonoids could function as feeding stimulants or deterrents, oviposition stimulants or deterrents, chemical protectants from pesticides, mating attractants, less-toxic insecticides, and other functions. Flavonoids could manage some insect pests without causing significant harm to beneficials (e.g., honey bees). Flavonoid-based insecticides could serve as environmentally benign alternatives to broad-spectrum insecticides against some pests, but field testing is necessary.

Identify Diabetes-related Targets based on ForgeNet_GPC.

Research on potential therapeutic targets and new mechanisms of action can greatly improve the efficiency of new drug development. Polygenic genetic diseases, such as diabetes, are caused by the interaction of multiple gene loci and environmental factors. In this study, a disease target identification algorithm based on protein recognition is proposed. In this method, the related and unrelated targets are collected from literature databases for treating diabetes. The transcribed proteins corresponding to each target are queried in order to construct a protein dataset. Six protein feature extraction algorithms (AAC, CKSAAGP, DDE, DPC, GAAP, and TPC) are utilized to obtain the feature vectors of each protein, which are merged into the full feature vectors. A novel classifier (forgeNet_GPC) based on forgeNet and Gaussian process classifier (GPC) is proposed to classify the proteins. In forgeNet_GPC, forgeNet is utilized to select the important features, and GPC is utilized to solve the classification problem. The experimental results reveal that forgeNet_GPC performs better than 22 classifiers in terms of ROC-AUC, PR-AUC, MCC, Youden Index, and Kappa.

Barriers and Facilitators to the Participation of Pregnant Women in Clinical Research: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review.

Pregnant women had a large demand for diagnosis and treatment, but the clinical research was not sufficient, and there were many barriers for pregnant women to participate in clinical research. This study aimed to systematically identify these barriers and facilitators, map them with Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and Behavior Change Techniques (BCTs) to inform the development of interventions promoting pregnant women's involvement in clinical research. This was a mixed-methods systematic review. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and related references were searched. Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies exploring barriers and facilitators to pregnant women's participation in clinical trials were included. The barriers and facilitators were extracted, after transforming the quantitative data into qualitative data, all qualitative data were used to thematic synthesis. The identified barriers and facilitators were mapped into TDF and BCTs. A total of 103 studies (66 qualitative, 24 quantitative, and 13 mixed-methods) were included. Three main themes were formed: personal factors, environmental factors and research characteristics, with identified barriers and facilitators within each theme. "Knowledge," "Environmental Context and Resources," and "Beliefs about Consequences" were the main domains where barriers and facilitators identified by pregnant women and researchers were mapped in TDF. Additionally, the barriers and facilitators identified by pregnant women also mapped on "Social Influences" and "Goals." "Instruction on how to perform a behavior," "restructuring the physical environment," "salience of consequences," "social support (unspecified)," "goal setting (outcome)" were the main BCTs identified based on barriers and facilitators. The barriers and facilitators to clinical research participation identified in this study involved three main themes of personal, environmental, and research characteristics, which mainly mapped to five TDF domains. Based on these barriers and facilitators, 23 BCTs were identified. Future research should focus on developing behavior change interventions, assessing their efficacy and implementability.

Day-case knee and hip replacement.

Day-case knee and hip replacement, in which patients are discharged on the day of surgery, has been gaining popularity during the last two decades, and particularly since the COVID-19 pandemic. This systematic review presents the evidence comparing day-case to inpatient-stay surgery. A systematic literature search was performed of MEDLINE, Embase, and grey literature databases to include all studies which compare day-case with inpatient knee and hip replacement. Meta-analyses were performed where appropriate using a random effects model. The protocol was registered prospectively (PROSPERO CRD42023392811). A total of 38 studies were included, with a total of 83,888 day-case procedures. The studies were predominantly from the USA and Canada, observational, and with a high risk of bias. Day-case patients were a mean of 2.08 years younger (95% CI 1.05 to 3.12), were more likely to be male (odds ratio (OR) 1.3 (95% CI 1.19 to 1.41)), and had a lower mean BMI and American Society of Anesthesiologists grades compared with inpatients. Overall, day-case surgery was associated with significantly lower odds of readmission (OR 0.83 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.96); p = 0.009), subsequent emergency department attendance (OR 0.62 (95% CI 0.48 to 0.79); p < 0.001), and complications (OR 0.7 (95% CI 0.55 to 0.89) p = 0.004), than inpatient surgery. There were no significant differences in the rates of reoperation or mortality. The overall rate of successful same-day discharge for day-case surgery was 85% (95% CI 81 to 88). Patient-reported outcome measures and cost-effectiveness were either equal or favoured day-case. Within the limitations of the literature, in particular the substantial risk of selection bias, the outcomes following day-case knee and hip replacement appear not to be inferior to those following an inpatient stay. The evidence is more robust for unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR) than for total knee replacement (TKR) or total hip replacement (THR). The rate of successful same-day discharge is highest in UKR, followed by TKR and comparatively lower in THR.

Analysis of Acupoint Selection and Combinations in Acupuncture Treatment of Migraine: A Protocol for Data Mining.

Migraine is a prevalent neurological condition that causes significant disability and has a profound impact on sufferers' ability to work and their overall quality of life. The efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of migraines has been confirmed via extensive clinical research. However, because each acupoint generates various analgesic processes, and different acupuncture physicians select different acupoints, there is still uncertainty regarding the optimal acupoint selection. Our purpose is to conduct the initial thorough data mining analysis to determine the optimal acupoint selection and combinations for the treatment of migraines. We will conduct a search of eight electronic bibliographic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and Chongqing VIP Database) from the inception of the databases to July 2024. Clinical trials that evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture therapy in migraine management will be chosen. Literature will be rigorously reviewed in accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria, and pertinent data will be extracted for analysis. Excel 2021 will be utilized to conduct descriptive statistics. SPSS Modeler 14.1 will be employed to conduct the association rule analysis. SPSS Statistics 26.0 will be employed to conduct exploratory factor analysis, cluster analysis, and decision tree analysis. This study aims to investigate the optimal acupoint selection and combinations for people suffering from migraines. Our research will offer empirical support for the efficacy and possible therapeutic recommendations of acupoint application in treating migraine patients, facilitating collaborative decision-making between physicians and patients.

A097: Comparative Efficacy of Exercise Interventions for Chinese University Students with Smartphone Addiction

Purpose: Exercise is a promising therapy for smartphone addiction, but it is unclear which type of exercise is most effective. This study aimed to compare the effects of nine different exercise intervention modalities and to determine the optimal duration, frequency, and cycle for each intervention. By comparing the effectiveness of these exercise interventions, our goal was to provide practical recommendations for addressing smartphone addiction among university students of China. Methods: A systematic search was conducted on databases including CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, China Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science, up to October 12, 2023. From among 11,155 papers, 17 articles were selected and included for a network meta-analysis to compare intervention effects. Subgroup analysis and network meta-analysis were performed using Stata 17.0. Pairwise comparisons and network meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model. Results: A total of 40 trials from 17 articles with 1774 participants were included. All types of exercise were effective in reducing smartphone addiction among college students of China. The Preferred Probability Ranking SUCRA values were as follows: Multi-Sport program (97.1%) &gt; Sports Games (84.4%) &gt; Badminton (66.8%) &gt; Basketball (46.8%) &gt; Eight Brocades (44.2%) &gt; Aerobics Exercise (40.1%) &gt; Aerobic Mixed Exercise (39.7%) &gt; Tai Chi Chuan (38.0%) &gt; Volleyball (34.0%) &gt; No Intervention (8.8%). Subgroup analysis indicated that interventions with a duration of less than 1 hour per session, a duration of more than 8 weeks but less than 12 weeks, and a frequency of 3 sessions per week exhibited more significant effects. Conclusion: Multi-sport program and sports games are considered the most effective exercise interventions for alleviating smartphone addiction among Chinese university students. Optimal intervention scheduling involves sessions lasting less than 1 hour, a period of 8 to 12 weeks, and a frequency of 3 sessions per week.

A071: Network Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Different Exercise Therapies on Cervical Spondylosis

Background: To compare the clinical efficacy of different exercise therapies in the treatment of cervical spondylosis by network meta-analysis, and to provide a basis for the formulation of exercise prescriptions for the treatment of cervical spondylosis. Methods: Chinese databases such as China Knowledge Network, China Biomedical Literature Database, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, VIP Network, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science and other foreign language databases were searched to screen randomized controlled trials that met the inclusion criteria and were related to exercise therapy for cervical spondylosis. The search time was as of July 10, 2023. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data and evaluated the methodological quality of the included studies. The Cochrane bias risk assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of the literature, and Stata 17.0 software was used for network meta-analysis and mapping. Results: A total of 15 randomized controlled trials involving 1289 patients with cervical spondylosis were included. Sorted according to the probability of the best effect of different exercise interventions. The order from high to low was suspension combined with massage exercise therapy (77.7%) &gt; acupuncture exercise therapy (76.9%) &gt; active resistance exercise therapy (51.4%) &gt; acupuncture combined with traction exercise therapy (43.5%) &gt; suspension exercise therapy (0.5%). In terms of improving the physiological curvature of the cervical spine, suspension combined with massage and acupuncture exercise therapy were more effective than other interventions, and there were statistical differences (SMD = -1.21, 95% CI: -2.13, -0.33, P &lt; 0.05), (SMD = -0.87, 95% CI: -1.38, -0.24, P &lt; 0.05); in terms of improving the CT value of nape back muscle, the curative effect of suspension combined with massage exercise therapy was better than that of other interventions, but the difference was not statistically significant (SMD = -0.25, 95% CI: -1.34, 0.87, P &gt; 0.05); in terms of reducing cervical pain index, suspension combined with massage and acupuncture exercise therapy is still superior to other interventions. The difference was statistically significant (SMD = -1.20, 95% CI: -1.61, -0.85, P &lt; 0.001), (SMD = -1.38, 95% CI: -1.98, -0.69, P &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: Exercise therapy can significantly improve the symptoms of patients with cervical spondylosis. The effect of suspension exercise therapy combined with massage and acupuncture exercise therapy was better as a whole. However, due to the limitation of the number of individual interventions, the number of measures and the sample size, a clear conclusion still needs more high-quality research.

Ethnomedicinal uses, Pharmacological activity, and Analytical aspects of Galuteolin: A Natural Flavonoid of Medicinal Importance

Background: Nature is the best source of all raw materials that we need for growth, development, and better health. Flavonoids are an important class of phytochemicals found to be present in plants and their derived byproducts. Lonicera japonica and its active phytochemicals possess antiviral, anti-endotoxin, anti-pyretic, and blood fat-reducing properties in medicine. Moreover, Galuteolin is a natural flavonoid that has anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-infective, and antiinflammatory potential. Methods: In the present review article, we have collected all scientific information on galuteolin from different scientific databases and analyzed it to know the biological importance and therapeutic benefit of galuteolin in medicine against human disorders. Scientific data on galuteolin were collected from numerous literature databases, such as Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct. Detailed pharmacological data on galuteolin were collected from these scientific sources and analyzed in the present work to know the health-beneficial aspects of galuteolin in medicine. In addition, scientific data on analytical techniques of galuteolin were also collected and analyzed in the present work to know their importance in the separation, isolation, and identification of galuteolin in different plant materials. Results: The present work signified the biological importance of galuteolin in medicine and other allied health sectors. Pharmacological data analysis revealed the health-beneficial aspects of galuteolin on rheumatoid arthritis, cerebral ischemia, carcinoma, COVID-19, Atherosclerosis, and melanin biosynthesis. Further, intestinal absorption and pharmacokinetic parameters of galuteolin were also discussed in the present work. Analytical data signified the importance of newer and modern analytical techniques in medicine for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of galuteolin in different biological samples. Conclusion: Scientific data analysis of galuteolin revealed its biological importance and therapeutic benefit in medicine.

Review of Patents on Small Grinding Wheel Polishing Technology

Abstract: Grinding disc polishing is an important polishing method that can be used to manufacture various high-precision and high-quality optical components. The smoothing effect of grinding discs is a simple and effective method widely used to suppress MSF errors. Grinding disc technology has good polishing effects on flat, spherical, aspherical, and free form surfaces. The polishing mechanism is to generate chips through the small plastic cutting of abrasive particles, but it only uses a very small amount of abrasive particles to exert force and uses the flow friction between the abrasive particles and the grinding disc and the workpiece to flatten the surface roughness of the workpiece. It can be seen from the relevant literature that the floating tool holder maintains a constant pressure to solve the problem of uneven pressure distribution between optical components. The adjustable tool holder can adjust the amount of spring deformation to adapt to local surface changes of optical parts, ensuring consistent material removal. The force-adaptive tool holder can be adjusted in real time during the machining process to reduce errors generated during machining. The jointed tool holder improves the fit between the grinding wheel and optical components, ensuring a tight fit between the grinding wheel and optical components. This patent paper aims to introduce grinding wheel polishing technology as an essential method for manufacturing high-precision, high-quality optical components. It explores the optimization of abrasive tool design and the improvement of processing efficiency and proposes suggestions and prospects for future research, applications, and development. Through querying literature and patent databases, patent documents related to grinding disc polishing technology were collected and analyzed. The design characteristics of the device structure, technological innovations, as well as the effectiveness and improvements in practical applications were focused. Grinding disc polishing technology effectively removes surface defects and enhances the optical performance of optical components, particularly in suppressing MSF errors. This technology is suitable for flat, spherical, non-spherical, and freeform surfaces, with broad potential applications. Despite the numerous advantages of grinding disc polishing technology, such as simplicity, effectiveness, and wide applicability, critical issues still need to be addressed, including surface morphology control, improving polishing efficiency, and enhancing consistency. Future research should focus on optimizing tool design and developing new polishing materials and processes to improve the manufacturing quality and efficiency of optical components.

Relationship between the gut microbiome and endometriosis and its role in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment: a systematic review.

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting approximately 10% of women. It is defined as endometrial tissue outside of the uterus and produces a variety of symptoms including pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and intermenstrual bleeding. Although several theories have been postulated regarding the pathogenesis of endometriosis, no theory has provided a complete explanation, therefore limiting our progress in diagnostic tools and management of endometriosis. Recently, much attention has been paid to the importance and role of the gut microbiome in endometriosis. As defined by Joshua Lederberg - microbiome is a set of the genome of microorganisms inhabiting a human body, including commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of this systematic review was to conduct a search in the Embase, Medline, and PubMed databases for literature from July 2013 to July 2023 regarding the relationship between the gut microbiome and endometriosis. 147 records were screened, of which 26 met the eligibility criteria, and 16 were included in this review. Our review concludes that patients with endometriosis show an altered gut microbiome, and that this has the potential to provide insight for pathogenesis, markers for diagnosis, as well as therapeutic options for treatment of endometriosis. Future research is necessary to confirm this and further investigate the relationship between the gut microbiome and endometriosis.

The use and impact of surveillance-based technology initiatives in inpatient and acute mental health settings: a systematic review

BackgroundThe use of surveillance technologies is becoming increasingly common in inpatient mental health settings, commonly justified as efforts to improve safety and cost-effectiveness. However, their use has been questioned in light of limited research conducted and the sensitivities, ethical concerns and potential harms of surveillance. This systematic review aims to (1) map how surveillance technologies have been employed in inpatient mental health settings, (2) explore how they are experienced by patients, staff and carers and (3) examine evidence regarding their impact.MethodsWe searched five academic databases (Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, PubMed and Scopus), one grey literature database (HMIC) and two pre-print servers (medRxiv and PsyArXiv) to identify relevant papers published up to 19/09/2024. We also conducted backwards and forwards citation tracking and contacted experts to identify relevant literature. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool assessed quality. Data were synthesised narratively.ResultsThirty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. They reported on CCTV/video monitoring (n = 13), Vision-Based Patient Monitoring and Management (n = 9), body-worn cameras (n = 6), GPS electronic monitoring (n = 2) and wearable sensors (n = 2). Sixteen papers (50.0%) were low quality, five (15.6%) medium quality and eleven (34.4%) high quality. Nine studies (28.1%) declared a conflict of interest. Qualitative findings indicate patient, staff and carer views of surveillance technologies are mixed and complex. Quantitative findings regarding the impact of surveillance on outcomes such as self-harm, violence, aggression, care quality and cost-effectiveness were inconsistent or weak.ConclusionsThere is currently insufficient evidence to suggest that surveillance technologies in inpatient mental health settings are achieving their intended outcomes, such as improving safety and reducing costs. The studies were generally of low methodological quality, lacked lived experience involvement, and a substantial proportion (28.1%) declared conflicts of interest. Further independent coproduced research is needed to more comprehensively evaluate the impact of surveillance technologies in inpatient settings. If they are to be implemented, all key stakeholders should be engaged in the development of policies, procedures and best practice guidance to regulate their use, prioritising patients’ perspectives.

Barriers and facilitators to older adults’ acceptance of camera-based active and assisted living technologies: A scoping review

Abstract Background and objectives Camera-based active and assisted living (AAL) technologies are an eminent solution to population ageing but are frequently rejected by older adults. The factors that influence older adults’ acceptance of these technologies remain poorly understood, which may account for their lagging diffusion. This scoping review aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to older adults’ acceptance of camera-based AAL technologies, with a view to facilitating their development and widespread dissemination. Research Design and Methods MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, ACM Digital Library, Web of Science, and grey literature databases were searched from inception to June 2024. Publications that reported data on barriers and facilitators to the acceptance of camera-based AAL technologies among community-dwelling older adults aged 60 and above were eligible. Barriers and facilitators were extracted and mapped to the Theoretical Domains Framework, thematically clustered, and narratively summarised. Results A total of 28 barriers and 19 facilitators were identified across 50 included studies. Dominant barriers concerned the technology’s privacy-invasive, obtrusive, and stigmatising qualities. Salient facilitators included the perceived usefulness of, and older adults’ perceived need for, the technology. Discussion and Implications Results inform practitioners’ selection of strategies to promote older adults’ acceptance of camera-based AAL technologies. These efforts should transcend the conventional focus on pragmatics and give credence to psychological, social, and environmental influences on technology acceptance.