Salvia Officinalis Research Articles

Bioactive composition and antibacterial activity of three herbal extracts (lemongrass, sage, and guava leaf) against oral bacteria: An in vitro study

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to estimate the antibacterial activity of three different herbal extracts against oral bacteria and their bioactive composition. MethodsUsing the disk diffusion technique, the antibacterial activities of three different extracts (lemongrass, sage, and guava leaf) were evaluated against oral bacteria (Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis). Additionally, the bioactive components of the herbal extracts were assessed by employing the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. ResultsThe sage, lemongrass, and guava leaf extracts suppressed the proliferation of all three tested bacterial strains at different rates. The phytochemical analysis revealed that sage extract possessed the highest content of antioxidants, phenols, and flavonoid compounds. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the tested plants revealed the presence of vital bioactive compounds. ConclusionsLemongrass, sage, and guava leaf extracts have potent antibacterial activities, are rich in bioactive compounds, and could be utilized as natural remedies for the prevention of oral diseases.

Design and evaluation of nanostructured lipid carriers loaded with Salvia officinalis extract for Alzheimer's disease treatment.

Considering the potential of Salvia officinalis in prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), as well as the ability of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) to successfully deliver drug molecules across blood-brain barrier (BBB), the objective of this study was design, development, optimization and characterization of freeze-dried salvia officinalis extract (FSE) loaded NLC intended for intranasal administration. NLC were prepared by solvent evaporation method and the optimization was carried out using central composite design (CCD) of experiments. Further, the optimized formulation (NLCo) was coated either with chitosan (NLCc) or poloxamer (NLCp). Surface characterization of the particles demonstrated a spherical shape with smooth exterior. Particle size of optimal formulations after 0.45 μm pore size filtration ranged from 127 ± 0.68 nm to 140 ± 0.74 nm. The zeta potential was -25.6 ± 0.404 mV; 22.4 ± 1.106 mV and - 6.74 ± 0.609 mV for NLCo, NLCc, and NLCp, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed the formation of NLC whereas Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the FSE encapsulation into particles. All formulations showcased relatively high drug loading (>86.74 mcg FSE/mg solid lipid) and were characterized by prolonged and controlled release that followed Peppas-Sahlin in vitro release kinetic model. Protein adsorption studies revealed the lowest adsorption of the proteins onto NLCp (43.53 ± 0.07%) and highest protein adsorption onto NLCc (55.97 ± 0.75%) surface. The modified ORAC assay demonstrated higher antioxidative activity for NLCo (95.31 ± 1.86%) and NLCc (97.76 ± 4.00%) as compared to FSE (90.30 ± 1.53%). Results obtained from cell cultures tests pointed to the potential of prepared NLCs for FSE brain targeting and controlled release.

New bone-generative effect of Salvia officinalisL. in the expanded midpalatal suture : An in vivo and in vitro study.

The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of systemic administration of Salvia officinalisLinnaeus(L.) leaf extract on new bone formation in the expanded premaxillary suture in rats in vivo and to examine the antioxidant effects and phenolic profile of Salvia officinalis (SO) leaf and root extracts in vitro. Fourteen male Sprague Dawley rats were allocated to two groups: SO group (n = 7) and control group (n = 7). An open-loop spring was attached to the upper incisors of each rat to expand the premaxillae. A5-day expansion period followed by a12-day retention period was observed. The rats in the SO group received systemic administration of 20 mg SO/kg/day via the orogastric route for 17days. Histomorphometric examinations were carried out to examine the amount of new bone formation, number of capillaries, and intensity of inflammatory cell response. Immunohistochemical analysis was conducted to examine the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Leaf and root extracts of SO were also analyzed for antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in vitro. Statistical analysis showed that the following were higher in the SO group than in the control group: new bone formation, number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, intensity of inflammatory cell response (neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages), and number of capillaries. The major compound identified in SO leaf extract was rosmarinic acid, while luteolin derivatives, salvianolic acidF, and medioresinol were also present. Salvia officinalisL. from leaf extract provided antioxidant effects and stimulated enhanced new bone formation in the expanded midpalatal suture after maxillary expansion in rats.

Preparation, characterization and investigation of the anti-‎human ovarian cancer of silver nanoparticles green-formulated by Salvia officinalis leaf ‎aqueous extract ‎

IntroductionIn the present study, we decided to prepare and formulate a new chemotherapeutic drug (silver nanoparticles in ‎aqueous medium using Salvia officinalis leaf aqueous extract) for the treatment of human ovarian cancer in the in ‎vitro condition.Material and methodsThe organometallic chemistry tests such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), UV–Visible Spectroscopy ‎‎(UV-Vis), and Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR) were used for characterizing of silver ‎nanoparticles. For investigating the antioxidant potentials of AgNO3, Salvia officinalis aqueous extract, and ‎silver nanoparticles, the DPPH test was used in the presence of butylated hydroxytoluene as the positive ‎control. To survey the cytotoxicity and anti-human ovarian cancer activities of AgNO3, Salvia officinalis ‎aqueous extract, and silver nanoparticles, MTT assay was used on the human ovarian cancer cell lines i.e., Caov-‎‎3‎, SK-OV-3, and PA-1‎. ‎ResultsIn UV-Vis, the clear peak in the wavelength of 421 nm indicated the formation of silver nanoparticles. In FT-IR ‎test, the presence of many antioxidant compounds with related bonds caused the excellent condition for ‎reducing of silver in the silver nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticles inhibited half of the DPPH molecules in ‎the concentration of 251 µg/mL. The best result of anti-human ovarian cancer effects of silver nanoparticles ‎against the above cell lines was observed in the case of the SK-OV-3 cell line. ‎ConclusionsSilver nanoparticles had very low cell viability and anti-human ovarian cancer properties dose-dependently ‎against Caov-3‎, SK-OV-3, and PA-1 cell lines without any cytotoxicity on the normal cell line (HUVECs). ‎

Baicalein and <i>Salvia officinalis</i> Extract Upregulate Transglutaminase 1 mRNA Expression via the Activation of Transient Receptor Potential Channel V4

Background: It is important to maintain skin homeostasis for cosmetic and medical reasons. Many ceramide-related ingredients and cosmetics have been developed to improve the skin barrier function and skin hydration. Similar to extracellular lipids, the cornified envelope, which is a structure formed beneath the plasma membrane, contributes to the skin barrier function as a scaffold for extracellular lipids. Therefore, in this study, we focused on transglutaminase 1 (TGM1) which is the key enzyme for formation of the cornified envelope Objective: The objectives of this study were to identify compounds that could upregulate the expression of TGM1 and evaluate their underlying action mechanisms. Methods: Expression of the transient receptor potential channel vanilloid subfamily member 4 (TRPV4) at the mRNA and protein levels was estimated by PCR and western blotting. Effects of baicalein and Salvia officinalis (SO) extract on TGM1 mRNA expression were measured by PCR. The involvement of TRPV4 in TGM1 mRNA expression was evaluated by the inhibition and silencing of TRPV4. Results: TRPV4 was expressed in both basal cell-like HaCaT cells and suprabasal cell-like HaCaT cells. Baicalein and SO extract upregulated TGM1 mRNA expression in basal cell-like HaCaT cells. However, inhibition and silencing of TRPV4 abrogated the effects of baicalein and SO extract. Conclusion: Baicalein and SO extract upregulated the expression of TGM1 mRNA via the activation of TRPV4, suggesting that it may improve the skin barrier function by enhancing cornified envelope formation.

Occurrence of the Hyperparasite Ampelomyces quisqualis on Golovinomyces neosalviae (Erysiphaceae), Causal Agent of Powdery Mildew on Common Sage (Salvia officinalis)

Hamzeh, S., W. Naffaa and M.F. Azmeh. 2022. Occurrence of the Hyperparasite Ampelomyces quisqualis on Golovinomyces neosalviae (Erysiphaceae), Causal Agent of Powdery Mildew on Common Sage (Salvia officinalis). Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(2): 158-163. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-040.2.158163 Ampelomyces quisqualis, the oldest mycoparasite of powdery mildew (PM), has been widely studied due to its potential in biocontrol. Many strains of this hyperparasite have been experimented worldwide and some of them were successfully applied for biocontrol, but others have been less efficient. No previous identification of Ampelomyces strains has been done in Syria, but some isolates were morphologically identified in the coastal region. There was no indication of Ampelomyces occurrence in any other location in Syria. During this three years survey (2019–2021), 73 plant samples were collected from five governorates, including coastal and southern regions in Syria. Ampelomyces pycnidia were detected in five samples from the coastal area and a new unpredictable finding of Ampelomyces sp. was found in southern Syria. This new occurrence of Ampelomyces isolate (S.ham82) is documented on a new mycohost; Golovinomyces neosalviae, the causal agent of PM on common sage (Salvia officinalis). Successful isolation of S.ham82 on PDA was conducted and parasitic activity was assessed by artificial inoculation using In vitro detached leaf assay. Morphological characteristics of this isolate were determined and compared with isolate Bah1 from the coastal region. Ampelomyces sp. (S.ham82) pycnidia size were 77.44 (±17.16) x 25.28 (±6.12) µm in natural host, 125.27 (±42.34) x 115.95 (±40.14) µm, 189.51 (±60.06) x 167.64 (±52.41) µm on PDA media pre and post artificial inoculation, respectively, and 88.24 (±20.05) x 27.98 (±5.68) µm on inoculated detached leaves. Conidia were also morphologically characterized and measured 8.11 (±0.87) x 3.88 (±0.51) µm in natural host, 8.86 (±1.65) x 3.18 (±0.80) µm in PDA pre and post artificial inoculation, respectively, and 7.82 (±0.69) x 3.61 (±0.37) µm in inoculated detached leaves. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the natural occurrence of Ampelomyces sp. in G. neosalviae on Saliva officinalis. Keywords: Ampelomyces sp., Common sage, Golovinomyces neosalviae, Syria.

The study on biological activities of silver nanoparticles produced via green synthesis method using Salvia officinalis and Thymus vulgaris.

In the present study, Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized from Salvia officinalis and Thymus vulgaris, known as phytotherapy plants. The obtained silver nanoparticles were characterized using SEM, XRD, FTIR, and UV/Vis spectra. The antioxidant capacities of Salvia officinalis-mediated AgNP (SO-AgNP) and Thymus vulgaris-mediated AgNP (TV-AgNP) were analyzed in vitro using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and iron chelating activity assays. DPPH activities were 83.74% and 57.17% for SO-AgNP and TV-AgNP at concentration 200 mg/L, respectively. Both green synthesized AgNPs exhibited good iron chelating activity. In addition, the DNA cleavage activities of SO-AgNPs and TV-AgNP were investigated with agarose gel electrophoresis technique. SO-AgNPs and TV-AgNP showed single-strand DNA cleavage activity. AgNPs showed that the SO-AgNP and TV-AgNp were effective against bacteria and fungi, and antimicrobic activities were assessed as minimal inhibition concentration (MIC). Remarkably, green synthesized AgNPs showed highly effective cell viability and biofilm inhibition effect. AgNPs also demonstrated slightly antimicrobial photodynamic activity after LED irradiation.

Etarska ulja kao antimikrobna i antiadhezivna sredstva protiv bakterija Salmonella Typhimurium i Staphylococcus aureus, i kvasaca Candida albicans i Saccharomyces cerevisiae

A serious global problem with the increasing resistance of microorganisms to currently used antimicrobials has opened up the promotional research in the identification of new, more effective drugs with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities. Plant essential oils, due to the large biological and structural diversity of their components, are known to have many potential benefits. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-adhesion activity of fifteen essential oils and their compounds against two bacterial and two yeast species responsible for food spoilage and infectious diseases. Antimicrobial activity was determined by testing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of essential oils and compounds. The essential oils of Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Eugenia caryophyllus showed the highest antimicrobial activity with MICs ranging from 0.078 to 1.25 mg/mL, and 0.039 to 1.25 mg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, essential oils of Eucalypti aetheroleum and Salvia officinalis had significantly weaker antimicrobial properties than the others. Further, MICs were used to assess the inhibition of adhesion of bacteria Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 25923 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 14208, and yeasts Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 9763 in a microtiter plate using the crystal violet staining method. Based on the percentage of adhesion inhibition, yeast S. cerevisiae ATCC 9763 showed a high level of antimicrobial resistance. E. caryophyllus had the strongest effect with inhibition up to 73%. Consistent with the antimicrobial susceptibility results, the most active anti-adhesion compounds were carvacrol and thymol. Considering the role of biofilm in food spoilage and clinical diseases, inhibition of the initial phase of biofilm formation by natural antimicrobial agents may be an alternative to commonly used synthetic ones.

Socins, a 1,8-Cineole Synthase from Garden Sage (Salvia Officinalis L.), Confers Increased Trichome Density in Tobacco

Socins, a 1,8-Cineole Synthase from Garden Sage (Salvia Officinalis L.), Confers Increased Trichome Density in Tobacco

Etarska ulja kao antimikrobna i antiadhezivna sredstva protiv bakterija Salmonella Typhimurium i Staphylococcus aureus, i kvasaca Candida albicans i Saccharomyces cerevisiae

A serious global problem with the increasing resistance of microorganisms to currently used antimicrobials has opened up the promotional research in the identification of new, more effective drugs with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities. Plant essential oils, due to the large biological and structural diversity of their components, are known to have many potential benefits. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-adhesion activity of fifteen essential oils and their compounds against two bacterial and two yeast species responsible for food spoilage and infectious diseases. Antimicrobial activity was determined by testing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of essential oils and compounds. The essential oils of Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Eugenia caryophyllus showed the highest antimicrobial activity with MICs ranging from 0.078 to 1.25 mg/mL, and 0.039 to 1.25 mg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, essential oils of Eucalypti aetheroleum and Salvia officinalis had significantly weaker antimicrobial properties than the others. Further, MICs were used to assess the inhibition of adhesion of bacteria Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 25923 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 14208, and yeasts Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 9763 in a microtiter plate using the crystal violet staining method. Based on the percentage of adhesion inhibition, yeast S. cerevisiae ATCC 9763 showed a high level of antimicrobial resistance. E. caryophyllus had the strongest effect with inhibition up to 73%. Consistent with the antimicrobial susceptibility results, the most active anti-adhesion compounds were carvacrol and thymol. Considering the role of biofilm in food spoilage and clinical diseases, inhibition of the initial phase of biofilm formation by natural antimicrobial agents may be an alternative to commonly used synthetic ones.

Evaluation of Remineralization Effect of Various Toothpastes on White Spot Enamel Lesions: An in Vitro Study

Despite the high prevalence of tooth-caries and various efforts to prevent it, studies on plant compounds and their anti-caries properties have been largely neglected. Brushing with toothpaste is the most effective way for caries prevention. This study was performed on KREND herbal toothpaste (containing Calendula and Salvia Officinalis), Herbex (containing propolis), and Crest herbal toothpaste. The remineralization effect of these toothpaste brands on carious lesions has not been studied yet. Therefore, we compared the remineralizing effect of Iranian toothpaste and foreign types in this study. Method and materials: 60 caries-free human premolar teeth were collected after extraction for orthodontic purposes. The surface microhardness (SMH) was measured using the Vickers microhardness testing machine at baseline and after four days of immersing in demineralization solution and after treatment. The pH cycle was then performed for 28 days. The teeth were allocated randomly into one of the four groups, group 1 (as the control group and immersed in distilled water), group 2 (treated with KREND herbal solution), group 3 (treated with Crest solution), and group 4 (treated with Herbex solution). Finally, data were analyzed with Repeated Measure ANOVA and SPSS version 18. All study groups' surface micro-hardness measures were decreased after demineralization (P=0.001) and were increased after pH cycling (P<0.001). There wasn't a statistically significant difference in mean Surface micro-hardness changes between study groups (P=0.433). This study showed that the remineralization ratio in study group samples increased after treatment with herbal toothpaste, and the Iranian toothpaste (Krend) and foreign ones had a similar remineralizing effect.

Medicinal plants used in the traditional treatment of diabetes in Ksar Elkebir Region (North-Western Morocco).

the number of people with diabetes continues to increase worldwide. In Morocco, two million adults are estimated to be diabetic in 2018. The Moroccan population is known for the use of medicinal plants and natural recipes for the treatment of chronic diseases including diabetes. The present study aimed to make an inventory of plant species used in folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus by diabetic patients in Ksar Elkebir City (North-west, Morocco). an ethnobotanical study was carried out among 250 diabetic patients by means of a semi-structured questionnaire by direct interviews. a total of 29 species of plants belonging to 23 families were identified. The most represented families were Lamiaceae, Apiaceae, Asteraceae, fabaceae, and Lauraceae. While the most frequently cited plant species were Olea europaea l, Trigonella foenum graecum l, Origanum compactum benth l and salvia officinalis l. Leaves were the most used part of plants and the decoction was the most cited mode of preparation used by the population included in the study. people with diabetes in Ksar Elkebir Region use a variety of herbal remedies in several ways to treat diabetes. This result can be an important database for the following studies to confirm the efficiency of these plants in vitro and in vivo.

Effects of Plant Spacing and Harvesting Age on Growth and Yield of Sage (Salvia officinalis L

The experiment was conducted at Wondo Genet Agricultural Research Center, Southern Ethiopia from 2015 to 2017 cropping seasons to determine the optimum harvesting age and plant spacing of sage to maximize essential oil yield. The experimental design was RCBD in factorial arrangement with three replications. The treatments were four harvesting ages (3, 4, 5 and 6) months after planting and three plant spacing (30 cm × 30 cm, 60 × 60 cm and 90 × 90 cm). The study showed that spacing had a highly significant (p≤0.001) influence on fresh leaf weight per plant, dry leaf weight per plant and essential oil yield per hectare; highly significantly (p≤0.01) influenced plant height and dry herbage yield per hectare, significantly (p≤0.05) influenced fresh herbage yield and non-significantly influenced essential oil content. On the other hand, harvesting age highly significantly (p≤0.001) influenced plant height, fresh leaf weight per plant, dry herbage yield per hectare, essential oil content and essential oil yield; and also, significantly (p≤0.05) influenced dry leaf weight per plant. The highest essential oil yield (98.16 and 106.73 kg/ha) were obtained from 30 × 30 cm spacing and five months after planting respectively.

An Indigenous Study on Malassezial Susceptibility Testing by Selected Plant Extracts

he present study was carried out to evaluate the antifungal activity of tenselected plant extracts of Nelumbo nucifera,Senna auriculata, Salvia officinalis, Tagetes erecta,Psidium guajava,Argemone mexicana,Hibiscussabdariffa, Hemidesmus indicus, Moringa oleifera,andGlycyrrhizaglabrawith ketoconazole as the positive reference standard. Their antimalassezial efficacy was tested using different concentrations of extracts in various solvents. The preliminary screening of plant extracts was determined by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and among the tenplantextracts, aqueous extract of S.officinalisand ethanol extract of H.sabdariffaextract exhibited potent antifungal activity against Malasseziafurfur. The purification and partial characterization of H. sabdariffa and S.officinalis were carriedout by Thin layer chromatography (TLC) technique.The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of H.sabdariffa andS.officinalisagainst M. furfur by Kirby Bauer method was0.312mg/mLand 0.625mg/mLrespectively against 50 μg/mLof Ketoconazole which was used as the standard. The phytochemical analysis of S.officinalis and H.sabdariffa revealed the presence of terpenoids, steroids, tannins, and polyphenols of which the concentration of polyphenols and flavonoids were significantly higher in S.officinalisand H.sabdariffa respectively. Thus, the present study concludes that S.officinalisand H.sabdariffa havea potent activity against M. furfur, thereby reducing the prevalence of dandruff, provided the future perspectives of the study that includecharacterization and cytotoxicity of the compound.©2022Caproslaxy Media. All rights reserved.

Assessment of the prospects of some species of the family Lamiaceae L. in the conditions of the Stavropol upland

At the present stage, in the Stavropol Botanical Garden in the collection of medicinal plants, work is underway to study and select an assortment of species suitable for improving the environment. Due to the deterioration of the environmental situation, this area of research is very relevant. From a wide range of medicinal plants, species of the Lamiaceae L. family are of great interest. The purpose of the research is to study the prospects of 18 species of this family when grown in the conditions of the Stavropol upland. The climate is temperate continental, semi-dry, belongs to the zone of unstable humidifi cation of the Stavropol Territory, the altitude above sea level is 640 m. The average annual temperature is +9.7…+11.0°C, the average annual precipitation – 630 mm. The method of research of species includes: description of life forms, regular phenological observations, assessment of winter hardiness, frost resistance, drought resistance, degree of damage by diseases and pests according to the method of R.A. Karpisonova with some modifi cations. The studied species are represented by such life forms as wintergreen herbaceous perennial, herbaceous biennial, half-shrub, evergreen half-shrub, semifrutex. All plants are resistant to the climatic conditions of the Stavropol upland, including the frosty and dry periods (with the exception of giant-hyssops and horsemint). Most plants are resistant to pests and diseases. The assessment of the prospects of all the studied taxa is high, and is expressed in balls from 17 to 20, the maximum number of balls in species is in spicate lavender, creeping thyme, garden sage. The results of the conducted studies indicate the prospects of the studied species of the Lamiaceae family and allow them to recommend them for cultivation in the conditions of the Stavropol upland.

QUANTITATIVE INDICATORS OF THE MEDICINAL HERBS GROWTH AND YIELD ON AN EXPERIMENTAL PLANTATION IN NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

Climate change, man-made and anthropogenic factors have negatively affected the flora, therefore, the reserves of wild-growing grasses in nature are sharply reduced. For this reason, the mass cultivation of medicinal herbs on plantations is becoming an important task.&#x0D; Aim of research – development of an environmentally friendly and rational technology for growing medicinal herbs on plantations in the northern region of Kazakhstan.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The research was carried out in the Akmola region, the following species of medicinal herbs were selected as the objects of research: Echinacea purpurea Moench, Salvia officinalis, Origani vulgaris, Népeta catária, Adónis aestivális, Ínula helénium, Thymus serpyllum. Nitrogen fertilizers were used for the growth of the medicinal herbs, while the soils on the control plots did not contain any fertilizers.&#x0D; Results. It was found that the use of fertilizers increased the number of seedlings in all studied plants by 6.3 – 62.8% compared to the control. The increase in plant’s growth, development and height was observed in Breckland thyme, catnip, and summer Adonis. The rest of the medicinal herbs growth and height were smaller than that of the control. The crop yield of catnip, oregano, sage, Breckland thyme and summer Adonis in the experimental plot was higher by 1.7-35.8 than that of the control. It has been determined that purple coneflower and elfdock are best grown without addition of plant growth substances.&#x0D; Conclusion. The application of fertilizers to the soil has a positive effect on the growth of the studied species of medicinal plants, except for purple coneflower and elfdock.

Assessing ursolic acid contents of some commonly consumed herbs grown in Turkey

Ursolic acid is a triterpenoid compound in the plant kingdom and has important biological functions. In this study, ursolic acid contents of nine herbs including Anethum graveolens (dill), Camellia sinensis L. (green tea), Lepidium sativum L. (garden cress), Ocimum basilicum L. (sweet basil), Petroselinum crispum L. (parsley), Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary), Salvia officinalis L. (sage), Thymus vulgaris L. (thyme) and Urtica dioica L. (nettle) were determined by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC-UV). Based on the results from the analysis of herbs, ursolic acid contents varied between 0.20% and 7.11%. The ursolic acid content was highest in rosemary and sage (7.11±0.20% and 6.63±0.27%, respectively), while the lowest content of ursolic acid was in nettle (0.20±0.10). It is expected from the results of this work to contribute to the knowledge on the nutritional value of commonly consumed herbs in Turkey and encourage their consumption as functional foods.

The effectiveness of acaricidic drugs based on herbal raw material

Limitation the number of ixodes ticks is one of the most important tasks of modern science and requires the search for new, highly effective and environmentally hazardous acaricides, so our experiment was aimed at identifying acaricidal properties of essential oils and their individual active components in the population of ixodes ticks in Zaporizhzhia region. The study of acaricidal properties of essential oils was performed in the laboratory conditions. Tampons with wool were soaked in various concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 3%, 5% and 10% aqueous emulsion of essential oils such as Caryophyllus floris aetheroleum and Limonis aetheroleum, and essential oils of Thymus serpyllum L., Рinus sylvestris L., Salvia officinalis L., Mentha x piperita L. and Eucalyptus viminalis Labill. The essential oils had a significant effect on the lifespan of adult ticks. The results showed the acaricidal effect of Thymus serpyllum essential oils. When searching the acaricidal and repellent properties of individual essential oils components thymole, menthol and citral showed the high activity as acaricides. In the same time, eugenol and borneol proved the effectiveness as repellent. Our research schowed that essential oils are promising as alternative methods of controlling the number of Ixodes ticks in areas where there are conditions for infection with tick infections.

Electrospun Polyvinyl Alcohol Loaded with Phytotherapeutic Agents for Wound Healing Applications.

In this paper, hydroalcoholic solutions of Thymus vulgaris, Salvia officinalis folium, and Hyperici herba were used in combination with poly (vinyl alcohol) with the aim of developing novel poly (vinyl alcohol)-based nanofiber mats loaded with phytotherapeutic agents via the electrospinning technique. The chemical structure and morphology of the polymeric nanofibers were investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The addition of Thymus vulgaris, Salvia officinalis folium, and Hyperici herba extracts to the pure polyvinyl alcohol fibers led to changes in the morphology of the fibers and a reduction in the fibers’ diameter, from 0.1798 µm in the case of pure polyvinyl alcohol to 0.1672, 0.1425, and 0.1369 µm in the case of polyvinyl alcohol loaded with Thymus vulgaris, Salvia officinalis folium, and Hyperici herba, respectively. The adapted Folin–Ciocalteu (FC) method, which was used to determine the total phenolic contents, revealed that the samples of PVA–Hyperici herba and PVA–Thymus vulgaris had the highest phenol contents, at 13.25 μgGAE/mL and 12.66 μgGAE/mL, respectively. Dynamic water vapor measurements were used in order to investigate the moisture sorption and desorption behavior of the developed electrospun materials. The antimicrobial behavior of these products was also evaluated. Disk diffusion assay studies with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were conducted on the developed nanofibers in order to quantify their phytotherapeutic potential.

Current Approaches for the Management of Multiple Sclerosis – A Review

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, neuroinflammatory disease which interfere with the central nervous system and damage the myelin sheath and axons. It is mediated by auto-reactive lymphocytes that cross the blood brain barrier cause inflammation, demyelination and axonal loss disturb the communications between the neurons. The exact cause of the MS is not known but it is reported that it may be due to the genetic, environmental factors, viral infections (Epstein Barr virus). There are various approaches for the management of Multiple sclerosis like disease modifying agents are mainly used. Some of the monoclonal antibodies (Ocrelizumab) are approved recently for the management of MS. Due to various unwanted side effects with conventional medicines people are eager to use cost effective medicines with no or less side effects; therefore herbal medicines are best choice for them, they works by different pharmacological actions like reduce oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant effects and others. Mainly used herbal plants like Ginkgobiloba, Salvia officinalis, Nigella sativa.