Daily Food Consumption Research Articles

Penyuluhan Kepada Remaja Puteri Di Dusun Kunden-Kamijoro Terkait PHBS, Gizi Seimbang Dan Anemia

Adolescents are an age group that’s vulnerable to health problems. Therefore, adolescents need adequate nutritional intake and also need to maintain other health such as always doing physical activity and exercising as well as maintaining a healthy diet. Especially young women as future mothers. The purpose of this activity is so that young woman can apply a clean and healthy lifestyle and know the meaning of balanced nutrition and apply it in daily food consumption to avoid health problems, one of which’s anemia. Method : by a question and answer discussion, the targets’re young women 13-15 years at Dusun Kunden and Kamijoro, Pajangan, Sendangsari, Bantul, DI Yogyakarta. Conclusion : young woman become more aware of PHBS such as washing hands properly and correctly with 6 steps, more familiar with Pedoman Gizi Seimbang must be in accordance with the type and amount shouldn’t be excessive, you have to get used to eating a variety of foods, limit fatty foods, salty, and sweet foods, etc. young woman are becoming more careful and trying to change their consumption habits, such as consuming tea after eating, so that the sources of iron consumed’s not hampered by the body as an effort to prevent Anemia

Joint association of meal frequency and diet quality with metabolic syndrome in Iranian adults

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common complication that has been shown in various studies to be related to the frequency and timing of eating. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between meal timing and frequency with diet quality and prevalence of MetS.Study designCross-sectional.MethodsWe analyzed data from 850 adults (20 to 59 years) and divided the participants into different categories in terms of frequency of eating occasions (EO) (5 ≥ , 6–7 and 7 <), meal (2 ≥ and 3) and snack (2 ≥ , 3 and 4 ≤) in a day. Daily food consumption was assessed using the structured three 24-h recalls. The quality of diet we calculated using the food quality score (FQS). Metabolic syndrome was defined based on the guidelines of the national cholesterol education program adult treatment panel III (ATP III). The covariates-adjusted relationships between exposures and outcomes were investigated using a logistic regression test and two-way ANOVA.ResultsThe overall prevalence of MetS in participants was 34.2%. The average FQS was 28.0. Increased frequency of EOs and snacks was related to the higher prevalence of MetS ((OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.24, 2.37; P < 0.01) and (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.07, 1.68; P, 0.01), respectively). The adjusted mean of FQS was not significantly different between the EO as well as meals and snack categories. The joint association of EO frequency and snack frequency with diet quality showed a higher chance of having MetS ( (OR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.19, 4.66; P, 0.01 and (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.06, 2.68; P,0.02), respectively). Also, we observed a higher mean of high density level cholesterol in people with the highest FQS and lowest EO frequency (P,0.02).ConclusionOur findings suggest that the EO and snack frequency may be associated with the higher chance of MetS. We also found when the frequency of EO increases, the beneficial associations of the diet quality were overshadowed. To confirm our findings, well designed randomised clinical trials are needed.

Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity Is Inversely Associated with Prediabetes and Insulin Resistance in Bialystok PLUS Population.

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) and occurrence of prediabetes, diabetes and insulin resistance in the Bialystok PLUS (Polish Longitudinal University Study) population. Daily food consumption was estimated by 3-days 24-h dietary recalls. DTAC was calculated using the date of food consumption and antioxidant potential of foods measured by FRAP (ferric ion reducing antioxidant potential) method. The following measurements were performed to identify prediabetes, diabetes and HOMA-IR: fasting glucose (FG), 2h postprandial glucose level (2h-PG), fasting insulin (FI), glycated hemoglobin HbA1c. Logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between DTAC and prediabetes and diabetes. This study demonstrated that higher quartile of DTAC, after adjustment for confounding variables, was significantly associated with a reduced odds ratio for the prevalence of prediabetes in Bialystok PLUS population aged 35–65 years. DTAC was also significantly inversely associated with HOMA-IR in multivariate linear regression model. DTAC was positively related to individual dietary antioxidants (polyphenols, antioxidant vitamins and minerals). Reduced DTAC may be considered as an additional risk factor for the development of diabetes. Therefore, dietary recommendations for prevention and therapy of diabetes should take into account the high DTAC.

Consumo alimentar de adolescentes de escolas públicas segundo grau de processamento industrial dos alimentos

ABSTRACT Objective To characterize food consumption, considering the degree of industrial food processing by public schools’ adolescents. Methods Cross-sectional study involving adolescents aged 14 to 19 years, of both genders, attending public schools in Juiz de Fora, MG. Food consumption was assessed using two 24-hour dietary recalls. Foods were classified into three groups according to the degree of industrial processing: (1) unprocessed foods or minimally processed foods, culinary ingredients and preparations based on these foods; (2) processed foods; (3) ultra-processed foods. In addition, weight and height information was collected, with subsequent calculation of body mass index/age to assess the individuals’ nutritional status according to the gender. Pearson’s chi-square, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed, adopting a value of p&lt;0.05. Results The sample consisted of 804 adolescents, with a predominance of females (57.5%). In the sample, 29.9% and 26.1%, of girls and boys, respectively, were overweight. There was a difference in the daily consumption of ready-made sweet-tasting foods, being higher in females (26.2%) when compared to males (18.1%), whereas the consumption of soft drinks (one to four times a week) was 47.2% and 55.6% in girls and boys, respectively (p&lt;0.05). Higher consumption of ultra-processed foods was observed in females (p=0.02) and processed foods in males (p=0.008). Conclusion There was a high contribution of ultra-processed foods in the diet of adolescents in public schools; a high prevalence of overweight was observed in both genders.

On the issue of food consumption by Okhotsk Sea killer whales

The results are presented on the daily and annual food consumption by killer whales with year-round keeping in net enclosures in Srednyaya Bay. The diet consisted of two species of fish: pink salmon and herring. For females, the daily fish consumption varied from 9 to 50.9 kg with an average of 32.6 kg, for males from 6 to 45.1 kg with an average of 34.1 kg. The annual minimum amount of fish for keeping one young individual in captivity ranges from 11.5 to 12.1 tons of pink salmon, which corresponds to energy requirements of 15.9 Gcal/year for females and 16.7 Gcal/year for males. An increase in the required amount of food for an animal with a decrease in water temperature was established. Based on the results of the factual material on nutrition, the annual consumption of a group of ten killer whales of different ages found in natural conditions was calculated. This value in terms of pink salmon is estimated at 200 tons of feed per year. The theoretical calculation of the annual consumption of various species of aquatic organisms by killer whales is presented. Based on the results of research and analysis of modern literature sources in comparison with historical data on the feeding of killer whales, it was proposed not to divide this species in the Sea of Okhotsk into “mammal-eating” and “fish-eating” ecotypes. In our opinion, the manifestation of different types of behavior (resident type, transit type) in killer whales should be considered, depending on climatic conditions and the availability of food objects. In hunting grounds, the resident type predominates in killer whales, which changes to a transit type of behavior when changing the feeding area or seasonal migration.

Impact of citrus fruit intake on the mental health of patients with chronic heart failure

BackgroundThe full impact of the intake of citrus fruits on the risk of depression in individuals with chronic heart failure (HF) is unknown. Here, we examined the associations between the estimated habitual intakes of citrus fruits and depressive symptoms in patients with chronic HF. MethodsWe enrolled 150 stable outpatients with chronic HF who had a history of worsening HF. To assess the patients' daily dietary patterns, we used a brief self-administered diet-history questionnaire to calculate the daily consumption of foods and nutrients. To assess the patients' mental state, we used a nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). ResultsTwelve patients (8%) were identified as having moderate-to-severe depression (PHQ-9 score ≥10). The patients with PHQ-9 ≥10 had lower daily intakes of citrus fruits compared to those with no or mild depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 <10). The daily intakes of various antioxidants, including vitamin C, β-carotene, and β-cryptoxanthin, all of which are abundant in citrus fruits, were reduced in the patients with PHQ-9 ≥10, accompanied by higher serum levels of 8-isoprostane (an oxidative stress marker). A multivariate logistic regression analysis using forward selection showed that a lowered daily intake of citrus fruits was an independent predictor of the comorbidity of moderate-to-severe depression in patients with chronic HF, after adjustment for age, gender, and the hemoglobin value. ConclusionsA lower daily consumption of citrus fruits was associated with higher prevalence of depression in patients with chronic HF. Our findings support the hypothesis that a daily consumption of citrus fruits has a beneficial effect on the prevention and treatment of depression in chronic HF patients.

Changes in the nutritional profile of medicine students during the COVID-19 pandemic period and its correlation with anxiety: a prospective cross-sectional observational study

Introduction: Pandemics cause strong social, economic, and political impacts. Social isolation to reduce the virus’ impact and to retard the health system breakdown caused by SARS-Cov-2 have affected the population’s lifestyle, including medical students. Objective: Identity which impacts the daily meal plan has the COVID-19’s Pandemic caused in medical students; Correlate data obtained in different grades of the medical course and present the nutritional profile of the students, who attended the study. Methods: Survey realized in students of a private medical course in the São Paulo northwestern region, with a questionary containing open questions and tests, sent online in conjunction with the Term of Consent. This study was analyzed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee according to a substantiated opinion number 4.373.785, and obtaining the patient's consent through the Informed Consent Form. Results: 117 students, between the 1st and 4th grade of the course, have attended the following study, 75 female, 42 male, allocated in similar proportions in the 4 initial grades of the course, ages between 17 and 31 years old; Most of the students feel more anxiety (78,6%), associated with changes in the nutritional profile, with the increase of high-energy food, highlighted by the bigger propension of this group to the consumption of sweets and white-wheat pasta in the daily meal plan. It is important to notice that many other food groups have suffered an enhancement in consumption as well, such as legumes, dried meat, vegetal oil, olive oil, and greenery. Conclusion: The COVID-19 Pandemic brought impacts to the daily meal plan of the medical students, especially in the ones who feel more anxious. The enhancement of the daily consumption of food by the medical students is notable, in the most diverse food classifications. However, it is concluded in this study that it cannot be said that anxiety and/or self-declared stress is a risk factor for the increase in food consumption observed, as well as a pattern of its impacts on the students' food, cannot be defined.

Oral Impacts Experienced by Orthodontic Patients Undergoing Fixed or Removable Appliances Therapy in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

PurposeThe objective of this study is to compare the orthodontic patient’s experiences with removable and fixed orthodontic appliances on daily activities, food consumption, and oral symptoms in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional observational study carried out among orthodontic patients. A total of 150 adult patients, including 118 in the fixed orthodontic appliance group and 32 in the removable (Invisalign) orthodontic group, who met the inclusion criteria completed a validated and self-administered questionnaire. In addition, the study participants reported their experience in terms of daily routine, food consumption, and oral symptoms one week after appliance activation. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and Fisher’s exact tests for the categorical variables. In addition, Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis, and Spearman’s tests were also applied to the data.ResultsThe fixed orthodontic patients compared to the removable orthodontic cases showed significantly higher difficulty in sleeping (1.28±1.10 vs 0.94±0.88, p=0.024), sores on the tongue (0.97±1.00 vs 0.56±0.76, p=0.042) and cheeks (1.20±1.11 vs 0.72±0.81, p=0.027), and the presence of food debris under the appliance (1.53±1.16 vs.1.00±0.95, p=0.021). Moreover, the oral health impact score showed a significant positive correlation with the duration of the orthodontic treatment (r=0.339, p<0.001) and pain intensity (r=0.309, p<0.001).ConclusionThe fixed orthodontic treatment compared to removable orthodontic treatment resulted in more severe pain, sleeping difficulty, sores on the tongue and cheeks, and food impaction after one week of appliance activation.

Qualitative exploration of the dynamics of women's dietary diversity. How much does economic empowerment matter?

This study qualitatively examined dietary diversity among married women of reproductive age who engaged in two socio-economic activities to explore the dynamics of food availability, access, costs and consumption. Qualitative in-depth interviews. The food groups in the Minimum Dietary Diversity for women were used to explore women's dietary diversity. IDI were used to develop a roster of daily food consumption over a week. We explored food items that were considered expensive and frequency of consumption, food items that women require permission to consume and frequency of permission sought and the role of economic empowerment. Data analysis followed an inductive-deductive approach to thematic analysis. Rural and peri-urban setting in Enugu State, Nigeria. Thirty-eight married women of reproductive age across two socio-economic groupings (women who work only at home and those who worked outside their homes) were recruited in April 2019. Economic empowerment improved women's autonomy in food purchase and consumption. However, limited income restricted women from full autonomy in consumption decisions and access. Consumption of non-staple food items, especially flesh proteins, would benefit from women's economic empowerment, whereas staple food items would not benefit so much. Dietary diversity is influenced by food production and purchase where factors including seasonal variation in food availability, prices, contextual factors that influence women's autonomy and income are important determinants. With limited income, agency and access to household financial resources coupled with norms that restrict women's income earning, women continue to be at risk for not achieving adequate dietary diversity.

Investigation of Food and Relative Risk Probability of Having Five Different Diseases, Including Diabetes Using Collected Food Data Over A 6.5-Year Period Based on GHMethod: Math-Physical Medicine (No. 492)

The author is a professionally trained mathematician, physicist and engineer. His view of health and medicine is similar to his past experience on designing a physical object, such as a building structure or a working machine, which he calls an “object”. The object’s strength or its expected lifespan is similar to the health conditions and longevity of a human being based on the following three key factors: (1) The original strength of the object’s material which is similar to the genetic factors of a human body. (2) The engineering design and site construction of this object are similar to the fundamental influential causes, including lifestyle details, life-long habits, and environmental factors, on the human health. Among those external causes, if the author has to pick up one category which has the most influence above of all that is the “food”. (3) The object endures different operational problems due to external forces or impacts which are similar to various diseases suffered by humans. After the object experiences external forces or impacts, we use some structural reinforcements to fix the building’s damaged cracks or replace the malfunctioned part of the machine. These engineering actions are similar to the “medical treatments” doctors provide patients. The medical treatments, including medication interventions (oral drugs or biochemical injections), necessary surgeries, or certain organ transplants are similar to the engineering repair of the damaged object. This article emphasizes the relationship between causes and results such as symptoms of diseases. It particularly addresses the inter-relationship of 5 selected diseases: cancers, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), chronic kidney diseases (CKD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and type 2 diabetes (T2D), where the most important cause for most diseases is “food”. This food category in his study contains 25 defined elements include input data of food are collected via the developed iPhone APP. There are 5 elements for “Food Quantity”: breakfast amount, lunch amount, dinner amount, amount of between-meals snacks and fruits, and the average daily food consumption amount. In addition, there are 20 selected elements for “Food Quality” (see Figure 1). The combined Food score is the average value of both food quantity score and food quality score.

Biomedical and histological evidence of Boswellia sp. Burseraceae on kidney and liver function in mice

Boswellia sp. is a species of Boswellia. Burseraceae is an essential conventional natural product that has received a lot of attention in the pharmaceutical industry in recent years. The aim of this study was to role of Boswellia sp. Burseraceae on kidney and liver of Balb/c mice. Different concentrations of Boswellia sp. Burseraceae solution was given to 5–7 weeks old wild-type Balb/c mice of both sexes (n = 24) for 21 days, with a control group given normal water to determine the physiological, biochemical, haematological, (0.5%, 1%), and histopathological effect of (0.5%, 1% and 5%) Boswellia sp..The results of this study showed that physiological parameters were changed with the increasing concentration of Boswellia sp. Burseraceae solution; like daily food consumption was reduced and fluid intake was more, decrease in body weight, urine output was low with less Na+ & K+ resulting into hypernatremia, hyperkalemia and hyperuricemia. Also elevated creatinine level in blood increase levels of bilirubin, Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and degeneration of cells, glomerular atrophy of kidney cells and degeneration of hepatocytes. In conclusion, all of the results support to dosage toxicity. Biochemical indicators such as white blood cells, glucose, and haemoglobin did not alter significantly. Based on the findings, it is concluded that the extract exhibits dosage toxicity, which is corroborated by histopathological indicators.

ORGANIZATION AND HOLDING OF HOSPITAL THERAPEUTIC NUTRITION IN HOSPITALS FOR ACTIVE TREATMENT IN RUSE’S TERRITORY

Introduction: Daily food consumption is a basic factor for improving both the quality of life and the well-being of people. Hospital medical nutrition needs to suit certain standards and requirements, so as to provide all the necessary micro- and macronutrients for patients. It has to be high-quality food and also has to mind the technological requirements for its preparation in the hospital, in addition to looking aesthetically pleasing and tasting good.&#x0D; Objective: This report’s goal is to study the hospital dietary nutrition in the hospitals for active care in Ruse, Bulgaria – University hospital Kanev; University hospital Medika; Mental health center Ruse; Complex-oncological center Ruse and the Specialized Hospital for active treatment of pneumo-phthisiatric diseases - Dr Dimitar Gramatikov.&#x0D; Methods: The survey was conducted between the months of April and September 2020. The criteria for inclusion of those hospitals are: to perform an organized hospital nutrition, and the medical institution to be a hospital itself.&#x0D; Results: In the medical establishments that are included in the study, medical dietary nutrition is carried out in accordance with the normative documents and standards which are in force for the country. The numerological system of nutrition Pevzner is applied, as the basic diets are from №1 to 15, as well as their varieties according to the disease’s acuteness.&#x0D; Conclusions: We find that, just because contemporary requirements for nutrition in the Republic of Bulgaria have been presented in developed national recommendations for healthy eating, this is not enough. What is needed is to develop and apply a fully adequate hospital diet, based on an individual assessment of nutrition status, and degree of risk from malnutrition.

The Low Maternal Consumption of Homemade Fermented Foods in Pregnancy Is an Additional Risk Factor for Food Protein-Induced Allergic Proctocolitis: A Case-Control Study

Introduction: Food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP) is the most common non-IgE-mediated food allergy and it varies between 4% and 8% in infants. The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential association between FPIAP in infants and maternal daily consumption of homemade fermented foods (FFs) during pregnancy. Methods: Two hundred and seven infants were included in this case-control study, 106 with physician-diagnosed FPIAP (FPIAP group) and 101 age- and gender-matched healthy infants (control group), together with their mothers. The frequency and diversity of the 8 most consumed homemade FFs in traditional Turkish cuisine and daily maternal consumption of these during pregnancy were evaluated retrospectively using a structured questionnaire. Results: Rates of vaginal delivery, maternal smoking during pregnancy, educational status, and monthly household income were higher in the FPIAP group than the control group (p = 0.046, p = 0.014, p < 0.001, and p = 0.009, respectively). The 3 most common daily-consumed FFs during pregnancy were, in order, yogurt, cheese, and tarhana. The diversity of daily-consumed FFs during pregnancy (p = 0.004) and the consumption of the 3 most common FFs (p = 0.011) were lower in the FPIAP group than in the control group. Maternal smoking during pregnancy (odds ratio [OR]: 2.97, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19–7.41, p = 0.019) and a higher maternal educational status (OR: 3.34, 95% CI: 1.63–6.84, p = 0.001) increased the risk of FPIAP at multivariate logistic regression, while the diversity of maternal FF consumption was protective against FPIAP (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.58–0.96, p = 0.025). Conclusion: Daily maternal consumption of yogurt, cheese, and tarhana during pregnancy was less common in FPIAP. The diversity of traditional Turkish homemade FFs may reduce the risk of FPIAP, whereas maternal smoking and a higher maternal educational status were associated with an increased risk of FPIAP.

Effects of Agaricus bisporus Mushroom Extract on Honey Bees Infected with Nosema ceranae.

Simple SummaryNosema ceranae affects honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) causing nosemosis disease that often induces serious problems in apiculture. Antibiotic fumagillin is the only licenced treatment against nosemosis, but its effectiveness is questioned and its usage associated with risk of bee mortality and appearance of residues in bee products. In search for alternative treatment for the control of nosemosis, water crude extract of Agaricus bisporus was tested on bees in laboratory (cage) experiments. Bee survival and food consumption were monitored together with Nosema infection level and expression of five genes (abaecin, hymenoptaecin, defensin, apidaecin, and vitellogenin) were evaluated in bees sampled on days 7 and 15. Apart from the gene for defensin, the expression of all tested genes was up-regulated in bees supplemented with A. bisporus extract. Both anti-Nosema and immune protective effects of A. bisporus extract were observed when supplementation started at the moment of N. ceranae infection or preventively (before or simultaneously with the Nosema infection).Agaricus bisporus water crude extract was tested on honey bees for the first time. The first part of the cage experiment was set for selecting one concentration of the A. bisporus extract. Concentration of 200 µg/g was further tested in the second part of the experiment where bee survival and food consumption were monitored together with Nosema infection level and expression of five genes (abaecin, hymenoptaecin, defensin, apidaecin, and vitellogenin) that were evaluated in bees sampled on days 7 and 15. Survival rate of Nosema-infected bees was significantly greater in groups fed with A. bisporus-enriched syrup compared to those fed with a pure sucrose syrup. Besides, the anti-Nosema effect of A. bisporus extract was greatest when applied from the third day which coincides with the time of infection with N. ceranae. Daily food consumption did not differ between the groups indicating good acceptability and palatability of the extract. A. bisporus extract showed a stimulative effect on four out of five monitored genes. Both anti-Nosema and nutrigenomic effects of A. bisporus extract were observed when supplementation started at the moment of N. ceranae infection or preventively (before or simultaneously with the infection).

Vegetarian Evolution in Nineteenth-Century Britain

Abstract Victorian vegetarians envisioned the evolutionary progress of the human race from a cannibal past towards a vegetarian future, moralizing evolutionary science to vindicate their cause. This essay explores this rhetoric of vegetarian evolution and how it conjoined vegetarian identity with British identity by reinventing vegetarianism as a practice of individual liberty. The main archives I examine are the Dietetic Reformer and Vegetarian Messenger (1860–1887), a major vegetarian journal from the period, and Edward Bulwer-Lytton’s The Coming Race (1871), a work of speculative fiction that represents vegetarian utopianism from an evolutionary angle. My reading of the Dietetic Reformer reveals that Victorian vegetarians imagined themselves to be at the vanguard of human evolution, with their conscious, mindful, and individual practices of vegetarianism operating as a progressive departure from what they perceived as the communal and anti-modern vegetarianism of the non-Western world. By doing so, they reshaped human evolution not only into a teleological progress, but also into a humanized process, on which individual subjects had a direct bearing through their control over daily food consumption. The rhetoric of vegetarian evolution thus addressed a deeper cultural anxiety about individual agency in the Victorian period, provoked by the Darwinian turn. This vegetarian resolution, however, as my reading of The Coming Race uncovers, contained incongruities within its rhetoric. Bulwer-Lytton’s literary representation of an evolved vegetarian species as a homogeneous heap rather than a society of self-governing individuals discloses the inherent difficulty in reconciling individual moral agency with the framework of evolutionary vegetarianism.

ω-3 Fatty acids intake level of vegetarians in Shanghai

To assess the ω-3 fatty acids intake level of vegetarians in Shanghai, and compare with the sex and age matched omnivores. The present observational study included 282 vegetarians aged 18 to 60 years old who had been vegetarian for at least one year and 282 sex and age matched omnivores recruited among Shanghai citizens. Daily food consumption was assessed through frequency and average intake of 149 kinds of food by food frequency questionnaire(FFQ) conducted by experienced dietitians. Dietary intake of ALA, EPA and DHA was calculated by R(Software). The differences of ω-3 fatty acids dietary intake between vegetarians and omnivores were analyzed with non-parametric test. The ALA intake of vegetarian group was(1669.00±1340.67)mg/d, which was significantly higher than that of omnivore group((1298.56±1041.96)mg/d). However, the EPA intake of vegetarian group((8.45±12.69)mg/d) was significantly less than the omnivore group((128.63±144.15)mg/d). The DHA intake of vegetarian group((28.75±35.38)mg/d) was also significantly less than the omnivore group((236.88±223.05)mg/d). Most of the dietary intake of EPA and DHA was supplied by seafood. Vegetarians EPA and DHA intake was significantly lower than omnivores.

Beyond probiotic legend: ESSAP gut microbiota health score to delineate SARS-COV-2 infection severity

COVID-19 pandemic continues to be a global health crisis. The gut microbiome critically affects the immune system, and some respiratory infections are associated with changes in the gut microbiome; here, we evaluated the role of nutritional and lifestyle habits that modulate gut microbiota on COVID-19 outcomes in a longitudinal cohort study that included 200 patients infected with COVID-19. Of these, 122 cases were mild and seventy-eight were moderate, according to WHO classification. After detailed explanation by a consultant in clinical nutrition, participants responded to a written questionnaire on daily sugar, prebiotic intake in food, sleeping hours, exercise duration and antibiotic prescription, during the past 1 year before infection. Daily consumption of prebiotic-containing foods, less sugar, regular exercise, adequate sleep and fewer antibiotic prescriptions led to a milder disease and rapid virus clearance. Additionally, data on these factors were compiled into a single score, the ESSAP score (Exercise, Sugar consumption, Sleeping hours, Antibiotics taken, and Prebiotics consumption; 0-11 points), median ESSAP score was 5 for both mild and moderate cases; however, the range was 4-8 in mild cases, but 1-6 in moderate (P = 0·001, OR: 4·2, 95 % CI 1·9, 9·1); our results showed a negative correlation between regular consumption of yogurt containing probiotics and disease severity (P = 0·007, OR: 1·6, 95 % CI 1·1, 2·1). Mild COVID-19 disease was associated with 10-20 min of daily exercise (P = 0·016), sleeping at least 8 h daily, prescribed antibiotics less than 5 times per year (P = 0·077) and ate plenty of prebiotic-containing food.

Controlled spawning and rearing of the sea cucumber, Parastichopus tremulus

AbstractThe red sea cucumber, Parastichopus tremulus, a cold water species with commercial potential, has recently attracted attention for wild harvest as well as for potential use in integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture in Scandinavian countries. Overharvesting has put natural stocks of sea cucumbers at risk in several countries. Our goal was to develop a rearing protocol for P. tremulus to enable sustainable production of this species. This study presents results from spawning and larval rearing conducted in both Norway (NO) and Sweden (SWE) during May–August 2019. We describe spawning induction and behavior, fertilization success, embryonic and auricularia larval development rate for this species under laboratory conditions. The larvae were fed a mixture of three species of live microalgae (SWE) and algal paste (NO). Larval development rate and survival were monitored at four different temperatures (7, 10, 13, and 16°C). Results showed faster development with increasing temperature. Daily food consumption rate was highest at the highest temperature. The combined effects of temperature and food availability on survival were investigated for the same four temperatures and three different feed concentrations. Only food availability affected the mortality rate, with the highest mortality in the low feeding regime of 1,000–2,000 cells ml−1 day−1.

Long-term safety evaluation of Daxocox\xae tablets (enflicoxib) in dogs after weekly oral administrations for seven months

BackgroundDaxocox® [Ecuphar/Animalcare Group] contains the selective COX-2 inhibitor enflicoxib, approved in the EU for the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in dogs. The safety of Daxocox® was evaluated in a target animal safety study: Groups of 4 dogs per sex each were treated once weekly with placebo or Daxocox tablets at 1-, 3- and 5-times (1X, 3X and 5X) the maximum recommended therapeutic dose of enflicoxib (0, 4, 12 or 20 mg/kg, respectively). After an initial loading dose, dogs in the placebo control, 1X and 3X groups were administered for 32 weeks, and those in the 5X group were administered for 13 weeks. Dogs were subjected to daily food consumption measurements and clinical and dose observations. Body weight measurements, physical examinations, clinical pathology, urinalysis, faecal occult blood (FOB) and electrocardiographic (ECG) and blood pressure measurements, buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT), ophthalmology and gastroduodenal endoscopy examinations were conducted throughout the study. At study completion, all dogs were subjected to gross necropsy. Histopathology was performed on selected tissues from all animals in all groups. ResultsNo clinical signs were noted, and no toxicologically relevant dose-associated effects were observed.ConclusionsResults show that Daxocox® is well-tolerated and has a broad safety margin when administered as directed in dogs.

Hubungan peer group support, uang saku dan pola konsumsi pangan dengan status gizi lebih pada remaja

The problem of overweight in adolescents is caused by multiplicity, including friendships and also the amount of pocket money which will affect the pattern of daily food consumption. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship peer group support, pocket money, and food consumption patterns with overweight. This research is observational with a cross-sectional approach. The sample was selected by 50 respondents with stratified random sampling technique, this study was conduction in 2020. Data collected by interviews for respondent characteristics, peer group support, pocket money, and food consumption patterns using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Data analysis using Chi-Square Test. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between peer group support and overweight (p= 0,048), There is a significant relationship between pocket money and overnutrition (p= 0,001) and there is a significant relationship between food consumption patterns with overnutrition (p= 0,000). The results of the study indicated that there was a relationship between peer group support, pocket money, and food consumption patterns with overweight. From these results, it is hoped that adolescents will be able to minimize the influence of their peers and be able to allocate pocket money to consume nutritious daily food.