Daily Basis Research Articles

Navigating Differential Micro-Racialization in the United States and Canada: A Mixed-Method Exploration of Multiethnic-Racial Individuals’ Malleable Racial Identification Strategies

ABSTRACT Because race is a primary identity category in North America, individuals are racialized by those they interact with on a daily basis. However, multiethnic-racial individuals, those with parents from different ethnic-racial backgrounds, often face differential micro-racialization across daily encounters, meaning that at some times they are categorized as belonging to one ethnic-racial group, and at other times they are categorized into a different ethnic-racial group. To meet this fluid categorization, multiethnic-racial individuals often employ malleable racial identification strategies wherein they shift their cognitive, communicative, and labeling behaviors to meet the demands of the changing racialized context. This study employs a concurrent mixed method design to explore how multiethnic-racial individuals navigate differential micro-racialization across their interpersonal interactions, and, how their navigation of these racialized contexts implicates their psychological wellbeing. Taken together, the quantitative and qualitative results suggest an inverse relationship between malleable racial identification and psychological wellbeing that could be due to participants’ (1) cognitive load associated with revealing or concealing their identities, or (2) negative emotions that stem from their interpretations of these identity shifts. Implications and opportunities for future research are discussed.

Effect of replacing dietary maize with millet on production performance of laying birds

The study was conducted to determine the effect of replacing dietary maize with millet on production performance of laying birds. The study was conducted between May and August 2018 at the Poultry Production Unit of Sokoto State Veterinary Center, Aliyu Jodi Road, Sokoto. Two hundred and forty black Bovan Nera layers of 23 weeks of age (averaging 1.3 kg live weight) were used in a completely randomized designed to evaluate the performance of laying chickens fed diets containing different levels of protein. Eggs were collected in the evening (5.00 – 6.00 pm). Egg weight was monitored on weekly basis. Feed intake, number of eggs, minimum and maximum temperatures of the pen and mortality were recorded on daily basis. The data was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), using Statview Analytical Computer Package. There were no significant differences in feed intake between the treatments (p>0.05) even though birds on the millet-based diets consumed slightly higher amount of feed (100 – 102 g/b/d) compared to those on the maize-based diet (99 g/b/d). Hen – day egg production was similar between the treatments (59 – 61%). Egg weight was also not significantly (p>0.05) affected by the dietary treatments (46 – 48 g). The study concludes that egg mass decrease when maize is replaced with dietary millet.

Association between ambient temperature, PM2.5 and tuberculosis in Northwest China

ABSTRACT Existing evidence suggested that the risk of tuberculosis (TB) infection was associated to the variations in temperature and PM2.5. A total of 9,111 cases of TB were reported in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China from 2013 to 2015 on a daily basis, and 57.2% of them were male. The TB risk was more prominent for a lower temperature in males (RR of 1.724, 95% CI: 1.241, 2.394), the aged over 64 years (RR of 2.241, 95% CI: 1.554, 3.231), and the high mobility occupation subpopulation (RR of 2.758, 95% CI: 1.745, 4.359). High concentration of PM2.5 showed a short-term effect and was only associated with an increased risk in the early stages of exposure for the female, and aged 36–64 years group. There were 15.06% (1370 cases) of cases of TB may be attributable to the temperature, and 2.94% (268 cases) may be attributable to the increase of PM2.5 exposures. Low temperatures may be associated with significantly increase in the risk of TB, and high PM2.5 concentrations have a short-term association on increasing the risk of TB. Strengthening the monitoring and regular prevention and control of high risk groups will provide scientific guidance to reduce the incidence of TB.

Effect of 2850MHz electromagnetic field radiation on the early growth, antioxidant activity, and secondary metabolite profile of red and green cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.).

The proliferation of wireless and other telecommunications equipment brought about by technological advances in the communication industry has substantially increased the radiofrequency radiation levels in the environment. The emphasis is, therefore, placed on investigating the potential impacts of radiofrequency radiation on biota. In this work, the impact of 2850MHz electromagnetic field radiation (EMF-r) on early development, photosynthetic pigments, and the metabolic profile of two Brassicaoleracea L. cultivars (red and green cabbage) was studied. On a daily basis for seven days, seedlings were exposed to homogeneous EMF-r for one, two, and four hours, and observations were carried out at 0-h, 1-h, and 24-h following the final dose. Irrespective of the duration of harvest, exposure to EMF-r resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in both root (from 6.3 cm to4.0cm in red; 6.1 cmto3.8cm in green) and shoot lengths (from 5.3 cm to⁓3.1cm in red; 5.1cm to3.1cm in green), as well as a decrease in biomass (from 2.9 mg to⁓1.1mg in red; 2.5 to0.9mg in green) of the seedlings when compared to control samples. Likewise, the chlorophyll (from 6.09 to⁓4.94mgg-1 d.wt in red; 7.37 to6.05mgg-1 d.wt. in green) and carotenoid (from 1.49 to1.19mgg-1 d.wt. in red; 1.14 to0.51mgg-1 d.wt. in green) contents of both cultivars decreased significantly when compared to the control. Additionally, the contents of phenolic (28.99‒45.52mg GAE g-1 in red; 25.49‒33.76mg GAE g-1 in green), flavonoid (21.7‒31.8mg QE g-1 in red; 12.1‒19.0mg QE g-1 in green), and anthocyanin (28.8‒43.6mg per 100g d.wt. in red; 1.1‒2.6mg per 100g d.wt. in green) in both red and green cabbage increased with exposure duration. EMF-r produced oxidative stress in the exposed samples of both cabbage cultivars, as demonstrated by dose-dependent increases in the total antioxidant activity (1.33‒2.58mM AAE in red; 1.29‒2.22mM AAE in green), DPPH activity (12.96‒78.33% in red; 9.62‒67.73% in green), H2O2 content (20.0‒77.15nMg-1 f.wt.in red; 14.28‒64.29nMg-1 f.wt. in green), and MDA content (0.20‒0.61nMg-1 f.wt. in red; 0.18‒0.51nMg-1 f.wt. in green) compared to their control counterparts. The activity of antioxidant enzymes, i.e., superoxide dismutases (3.83‒8.10 EU mg-1 protein in red; 4.19‒7.35 EU mg-1 protein in green), catalases (1.81‒7.44 EU mg-1 protein in red; 1.04‒6.24 EU mg-1 protein in green), and guaiacol peroxidases (14.37‒47.85 EU mg-1 protein in red; 12.30‒42.79 EU mg-1 protein in green), increased significantly compared to their control counterparts. The number of polyphenols in unexposed and EMF-r exposed samples of red cabbage was significantly different. The study concludes that exposure to 2850MHz EMF-r affects the early development of cabbage seedlings, modifies their photosynthetic pigments, alters polyphenol content,and impairs their oxidative metabolism.

TEACHER ACTIVITIES AGAINST VICTIMIZATION IN SCHOOL

Conflicts are encountered on a daily basis and are a common, inevitable part of life and part of human nature. Conflicts occur between people of all ages, i.e., between adults, between adults and children, and between children. The very realization of their existence, and the fact that we are thinking and talking about conflicts is an important way of providing strategies to resolve them. There are many ways to resolve conflicts; some prove to be successful, and others not; however, there is no single, correct or universal recipe for conflict resolution. There are just different paths, which we keep rediscovering over and over again. The same goes for resolving conflicts in school, which is why it is very important that an appropriate climate is created in the school, which promotes positive values. At the same time, it is important that both teachers and students are trained in (potential) conflict resolution. This research focuses mainly on the perception of real and potential conflicts and indicates possible solutions, which were created as part of the international Erasmus + project Mediators and Peacemakers Against Peer Victimization – MEPEV . Keywords: conflict resolution, conflict situations, mediation and peacemaking, mediation in school

Homes in Mardin: Women’s Daily Life Narratives and Reproduction of Space in Pandemic Times

The pandemic has transformed our daily lives and domestic responsibilities and drastically redefined gender roles within the household. Compared to before the pandemic, domestic practices and routines have changed to varying degrees according to individual households. Taking the historic city of Mardin as a case study, this research aims to understand how women’s experience within the home has changed during the pandemic and to discuss how daily life has been reproduced in different housing typologies. Along with its unique topography, the coexistence of different ethnicities and religions in the region for centuries has affected Mardin's urban development and social and spatial character. Today, Mardin has an urban landscape consisting of various housing typologies where traditional and modern ways of domesticity coexist: traditional stone houses, country houses, apartments, and gated communities. In the three-month period after the onset of the pandemic (between March and May 2020), in-depth interviews were conducted via Zoom with women living in these four housing typologies, coming from different marital and employment statuses. Everyday narratives of the aforementioned individuals, through Lefevbrian's perspective, have been discussed to fully understand how domestic routines and practices have changed compared to pre-pandemic times. In every city, the productivity of women on a daily basis is placed in the context of social production. This study aims to offer an insight into the effect of the pandemic, drawing parallels between subjective and local, and universal conditions and their overall impact.

Technological Developments as a New Challenge for Modern Legislation

Aim: The aim of the article is to present the legal aspects of the use of new technologies. Accelerating the progress of civilization through the rapid development of technology is a challenge for both the legislator and entities who, when applying the law, interpret imperfect regulations or have to deal with the lack of regulations on a daily basis. In this publication, the author discusses legal aspects related to the development and implementation of new technologies and answers the question whether the applicable regulations combine the intentions of the creators of the regulations with social and economic needs. Introduction: The essence of all development is the improvement and expansion of human and technological capabilities and potential. Civilizational development is a system of interconnected vessels based on mutual social, cultural and technological interdependencies, and all these spheres of public life are inextricably linked with legal regulations. Without elementary knowledge of regulations, it would be difficult to make rational decisions regarding everyday life, therefore legal standards should include solutions adequate to the needs of citizens and the economy. In case of new technologies, which are subject to continuous and dynamic changes, the traditional norm-setting model known as hard law does not fully achieve its goals, and what is more, the applicable law does not keep up with the development of new technologies. Methodology: he article describes the current state of knowledge in the field of selected aspects of new technology law. The work uses theoretical research methods, including the analysis of applicable regulations and the literature and views of the doctrine, as well as the results of the research work of the author of the publication. Conclusions: Current legal regulations do not keep up with new technologies. The legislative process itself is complicated and very long. The introduction of new regulations and legislative changes requires, among others, inter-ministerial and social arrangements, work in Sejm and Senate committees, voting in Parliament, and finally the signature of the President of the Republic of Poland. The above-mentioned legal activities take time, and new technologies mean variability and dynamism – a constant fight against time. The development of technology is certainly a new challenge for legislators, for whom cooperation with the scientific community and representatives of various technological industries is an opportunity to create regulations that support rather than limit the development of 21st century technologies. Keywords: law of new technologies, technological revolution, security, implementation of innovations

I Stalk Myself More than I Should

Today we find ourselves immersed in digital environments made available by centralised social media platforms on a daily basis. While these platforms did provide users expanded connectivity and visibility, they also confined the same user in an economic system focused on collection and commodification of personal data for profit, and in return used them as resources of free labour. In light of this analysis, is it possible to carry out an artistic practice within centralised social media platforms, therefore take an active part in them, while remaining critically engaged, in the attempt to highlight some of the structural dynamics and problems of these realities?In this paper some fundamental aspects of the aforementioned channels will be discussed through the analysis of selected works and two methods utilised by the author to avoid the culture of interveillance.

LENTIL GERMINATION AS A SOURCE OF PREBIOTIC TO STUDY THEIR EFFECTS IN COMMON CARP PERFORMANCE, PHYSIOBIOLOGICAL, BLOOD, HEALTH AND PROXIMATE ANALYSIS

The experiment was conducted at the University of Duhok's College of Agricultural Sciences. The study used a completely randomized design with four treatment groups, three repetitions, and ten fish per replication in twelve plastic tanks (70 L), each tank receiving proper continuous aeration and cleaning on a daily basis. Positive Control (T2) was higher significantly in each of the Weight Gain, Daily Weight Gain, Relative Growth Rate, Feed Efficiency Ratio, Protein Efficiency Ratio, Fat Efficiency Ratio, Hepatic Index, Kidney Index, Lymphocytes (10^9/dl), Monocytes (10^9/dl), and Granulocytes (10^9/dl). T3 with 25 gm germinated lentil /kg was higher significantly in Intestine Length- Weight Index and MCHC (%). T4 with 50 gm germinated lentil /kg increase significantly Intestine Length- Length Index, WBC (10^9/dl), PLT (10^ 9/L), Cholesterol mg/dl, and LDL mg/dl. Negative Control (T1) and 25 gm germinated lentil /kg (T3) were higher significantly in Feed Conversion Ratio, Triglyceride mg/dl, and HDL mg/dl. T2 and T3 increased significantly RBC (10^ 12/L). All treatments as compared to control enhances Ether extract (Oil) (%), Crude protein (%), Weight without viscera and Head, and Spleen Index.

경주지역 통일신라시대 우물 폐기 의례의 양상과 성격

The well is one of the ancient water collection facilities and is a relic closely related to the lives of people at the time. In particular, more than 200 wells were discovered through excavation in Gyeongju during the Unified Silla Dynasty, along with various traces of rituals. By paying attention to the specificity of these wells, it was intended to clarify the aspect of the disposal ritual, the most representative ritual performed in the well, and to examine the meaning of the well disposal ritual within Silla royal palace.
 The well can be classified into three types according to the disposal pattern of relics, and it can be seen that there were differences in rituals between wells. Each type can be classified into a method of discarding and burying relics (A1 and A2), a method of burying wells at once (B1 and B2), and a case where the disposal behavior is unclear (C). Next, based on the type of disposal, the characteristics of the model composition were examined through the relics excavated from the well. First of all, it can be seen that the relics excavated from Type A wells have almost similar model composition and quantity. On the other hand, examining animal and plant organisms excavated from the well showed that various animal and plant organisms were identified in the A-type well, while only a single species of cow or horse were identified in the B-type well.
 Finally, based on this, the aspect and nature of the well disposal ritual in Wanggyeong, Unified Silla were presented, and the process of the disposal ritual was examined. The well disposal ritual can be largely divided into a ritual (Type A) centered around Wolseong area and a ritual (Type B) outside it. This difference is interpreted as the difference between the performer and the purpose of the performance. The well disposal ritual is basically a ritual performed on a daily basis to thank the water god at the stage of well disposal and to block the connection between the underground and the ground. However, in the Wolseong area, disposal ceremonies were conducted for national rituals such as the rain ritual, marking an unusual and more rigorously regulated disposal ritual with clear procedures.

Patient information handover between care providers

The handover of patient information between care providers is a big challenge. Important information is easily missed or the interpretation may differ among care providers. Structured transfer methods are used in the hospital to avoid this.
 In the hospital AZ Sint-Lucas (Ghent; Belgium), we have implemented three different methods based on literature. First, during the handover we use the SBAR-method. Whit this method, patient information about ‘Situation-Background-Assessment-Recommendation’ is given to each other. The Second, in line with the SBAR is the ‘Identification-Situation-Background-Assessment-Recommendation-Readback’ (ISBARR) method we use for the telephone communication between nurses and physicians. So there is extra focus on the ‘identification’ of the care provider and ‘readback’ of the physician orders. As a third method, ‘Bedside shift reporting’ (BSR) is used on the nurse departments in the hospital. This means that the handover is carried out in the room of the patient which improves patient participation on the nursing wards. In general, it gives patients more chance to interact with nurses, providing them more notice of the information that is handed over. During the patient intake, the BSR method is explained to the patient and his preference for BSR is noted in the patient file.
 Several months we did observations on the nursing wards during the handover moments from the early to the late shifts. The focus of these observations was on the performance of BSR and the use of the SBAR method. After the observations feedback was given immediately to the nurses and findings were documented in a report. These observations indicated which wards used the methods on a daily basis and what the points of attention were, to plan additional support or training.
 For physicians, file scans are used to evaluate whether they consistently create tour notes. There is a noticeable increase of the fill-in rate since the implementation of the central patient file across the different specialties. The central patient file was enrolled in several stages over the specialties from 2017 until 2019. In 2021 the integrated patient file over the different discipline was introduced, where patient information is shared between the different care providers. In the integrated patient file, the component 'multidisciplinary communication' was positively received. In this component findings about the patient or questions addressed to the physician can be noted. Physicians can also note certain instructions aimed at the nurse in this component. The findings in this component are often further discusses verbally between the responsible nurse and the attending physician.
 In sum, we can conclude that a good documentation in the integrated patient file and the use of different methods like SBAR can help us to provide a structured patient handover, reducing the risk that crucial information will be lost during handover. Nevertheless, further monitoring is needed.

Understanding the role of digital technologies in the transitional care process: a user perspective

The literature defines transitional care as the coordination and continuity of care during the transition from one health care setting to another or to home. Referred to as transition of care, between health care professionals and settings, as their condition and care needs change during the course of a chronic illness, acute illness or acute admission. In this scenario, the transition of care from hospital to home carries a number of risks of adverse events and poor care continuity. Therefore, daily technologies such as wearables and smart devices can support the improvement of interventions as they can collect up-to-date daily data from patients, helping to gain an in depth understanding of the real situation and their healthcare needs, improving the transition care process. 
 The aim of this research, integrated in VITALISE Project (H2020.GA101007990), is to identify and explore the needs, barriers and challenges of transitional care by involving different stakeholders in different participating countries. In Spain 3 patients, 2 carers and 7 health professionals participated in co-creation sessions with a person-centred approach addressing the topic of using ICT tools to gather information/data to support the transitional care process (hospital discharge process and recovery at home) and to collect information on current practices in transitional care processes (from hospital to home).
 Two sessions with patients, carers and with professionals, aimed to understand the different perspectives on each profile, enriching the comments and contributions. Two facilitators with experience guiding accessible co-creation sessions ensured each participant had a space for participation. The sessions were distributed in four blocks: 1) understanding the current practice in transitional care; 2) experience in the use of smart devices and digital tools; 3) understanding the barriers, difficulties and challenges in using digital tools in this process and 4) what the ideal role of technology would be. 
 As a finding, during the patients and carers session participants highlighted that there should be a protocol for the transition process but that it is currently not established and it all depends on how ""fortunate"" you are. They appreciate the advantages given by the health system in their respective country, but they do not agree with the organisational set-up or with some specific actions. Regarding technology, they mostly accept technology in transition processes and believe that it can bring many benefits helping to improve (as long as it is not used to replace human care). On the other hand, professionals use technology in their work on a daily basis and have a very broad view of its impact on people's experiences and its acceptability. Finally, beyond the benefits for the user, professionals take advantage of these technologies to improve individual care and systematise the collection of information. Overall, the inclusion of digital technologies is accepted in integrated and transitional care processes, when adapted to the users and not the other way around. These findings are key for the preparations of the small-scale studies phase “Digital Biomarkers for Supporting Transitional Care Decisions: Protocol for a Transnational Feasibility Study” [JMIR Res Protoc.2022Jan19;11(1):e34573.doi:10.2196/34573].

Reviewing Organizational Politics' Positive and Negative Aspects

Almost all types of organizations, including public organization, Privet Organization, and volunteer groups, are impacted by politics. But the workplace is where people are most directly impacted by politics on a daily basis. Historically, the literature on organizational politics has emphasized a negative perception of politics. However, more recently, researcher have found that workplace politics can also have good aspects and is not always bad. In an effort to broaden the viewpoint, researchers contended that organizational politics may also be advantageous. This research looks at organizational politics and the opinions and experiences of government employees in Gujarat. Participants in the study held differing opinions on workplace gossip and organizational politics, including whether the terms are positive, neutral, or negative.

Towards a better understanding of goal oriented care by means of co-creating an interprofessional training program with experts by experience

The literature defines transitional care as the coordination and continuity of care during the transition from one health care setting to another or to home. Referred to as transition of care, between health care professionals and settings, as their condition and care needs change during the course of a chronic illness, acute illness or acute admission. In this scenario, the transition of care from hospital to home carries a number of risks of adverse events and poor care continuity. Therefore, daily technologies such as wearables and smart devices can support the improvement of interventions as they can collect up-to-date daily data from patients, helping to gain an in depth understanding of the real situation and their healthcare needs, improving the transition care process. 
 The aim of this research, integrated in VITALISE Project (H2020.GA101007990), is to identify and explore the needs, barriers and challenges of transitional care by involving different stakeholders in different participating countries. In Spain 3 patients, 2 carers and 7 health professionals participated in co-creation sessions with a person-centred approach addressing the topic of using ICT tools to gather information/data to support the transitional care process (hospital discharge process and recovery at home) and to collect information on current practices in transitional care processes (from hospital to home).
 Two sessions with patients, carers and with professionals, aimed to understand the different perspectives on each profile, enriching the comments and contributions. Two facilitators with experience guiding accessible co-creation sessions ensured each participant had a space for participation. The sessions were distributed in four blocks: 1) understanding the current practice in transitional care; 2) experience in the use of smart devices and digital tools; 3) understanding the barriers, difficulties and challenges in using digital tools in this process and 4) what the ideal role of technology would be. 
 As a finding, during the patients and carers session participants highlighted that there should be a protocol for the transition process but that it is currently not established and it all depends on how ""fortunate"" you are. They appreciate the advantages given by the health system in their respective country, but they do not agree with the organisational set-up or with some specific actions. Regarding technology, they mostly accept technology in transition processes and believe that it can bring many benefits helping to improve (as long as it is not used to replace human care). On the other hand, professionals use technology in their work on a daily basis and have a very broad view of its impact on people's experiences and its acceptability. Finally, beyond the benefits for the user, professionals take advantage of these technologies to improve individual care and systematise the collection of information. Overall, the inclusion of digital technologies is accepted in integrated and transitional care processes, when adapted to the users and not the other way around. These findings are key for the preparations of the small-scale studies phase “Digital Biomarkers for Supporting Transitional Care Decisions: Protocol for a Transnational Feasibility Study” [JMIR Res Protoc.2022Jan19;11(1):e34573.doi:10.2196/34573].

CoBUSters: organization and deployment of a mobile Covid-19 test team for large-scale testing in collectivities as a societal outreach from a university hospital.

During the summer of 2020, government agencies in Belgium were hasty to create additional test capacity for the diagnosis of acute infections with SARS-CoV-2. Large-scale initiatives were necessary to absorb the waves of covid-19 infections throughout all levels of society.
 Within the Antwerp University Hospital (UZA) we realized that it would be impossible to perform large-scale testing of schools, universities, companies, or other collectivities if sampling capacity would not be made available within the collectivities themselves. A large number of scholars or students would not be able to move toward test centers. So, we created a mobile testing team that on-call would be sent to the collectivities to perform testing within the schools, universities, and companies. The test team started in October 2020 with a single bus which was transformed to accommodate the administrative handling of the test e-form, the scanning of the eID of the person to be tested, as well as the sampling through a nasopharyngeal itself. The structure of the bus allowed to perform the testing of 12 students every 15 minutes. Within a couple of weeks, the demand for large-scale testing increased to more than 1000 a day. Towards the end of 2020, a second bus was put into operation. During the year 2021, additional vans were put into operation as the daily number of tests further increased.
 The mobile test team remained in operation until the end of May 2022. During this lifespan, more than 200,000 nasopharyngeal samples were collected by the test team. The highest number of tests on a single day was 4,200. The mobile test team operated within three Belgian provinces, serving more than 2,500,000 people. Besides the testing teams, we created a dispatching team which was evaluable 7/7 for calls and registration of demands for new testings. Besides schools, we performed collective testing in colleges, universities, nursing homes, large companies, prisons, and hospices for homeless people. We even performed large-scale tests within municipalities at the hights of the covid waves. TAT for reporting results was less than 24 hours after sampling.
 The mobile test team, CoBUSters, became known throughout the entire country as a truly innovative social project. Many wondered why a hospital developed a service that was well outside of the regular hospital-related activities. We however did this because this aligns with our mission as a community-based hospital with a strong societal-oriented focus. Hospitals should not remain within their walls, but when society needs them they should quickly develop activities to support society as a whole. This project allowed us also to interact on an almost daily basis with healthcare providers on the first line of healthcare (GPs, home care nurses). From the hospital, we provided the services that the first line could have never mobilized like administrative and nursing staff or manipulation of huge numbers of PCR tests. Together we were able to protect our collectivities against massive outbreaks of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Even tertiary hospitals have a fundamental societal role when called upon. We should never forget this.

Classroom Management Practices: Methods and Approaches Applied for the Purpose of Student’s Personal Development

Classroom management practices which teachers apply in their everyday practice are focused on creating positive environment which will enable students to effectively work and learn on a daily basis. Additionally, some practices familiar in the educational theory, known as methods of educational work, can have much bigger impact and contribute toward long-term changes related to student’s overall personal development. Their application influences on developing and strengthening some personal qualities like: positive beliefs and attitudes toward learning and personal improvement, self-control, self-discipline, diligence, responsibility, positive work habits etc. This paper examines the use of the methods of educational work, through the frequency of use of different approaches and strategies in teachers’ everyday classroom management practice, focusing on praise, reward, and training, as a part of the process of developing habits; inhibition and punishment in situation when negative behaviour occurs, and others. The sample includes 364 secondary school teachers in North Macedonia, with different length of working experience in the teaching profession. The application of these methods is seen as an important part of teachers’ practice, and due to this it should be considered as a necessary component of the initial teacher education, as well as teachers’ continuous professional development. The paper stresses the importance of teacher education in this domain, emphasizing that their appropriate or inappropriate use can lead either to long-term positive outcomes or to negative consequences.

Prediction of Foodborne Norovirus Outbreaks in Coastal Areas in China in 2008-2018.

Foodborne norovirus outbreak usually poses high risks in coastal areas in China. Owing to the influence of multiple climatic factors, it demonstrates typical seasonality and the hotspots gradually expanded northwards from 2008 to 2018. However, the complex mechanism of the onset of outbreaks makes accurate prediction difficult. Thus, it is in necessity to construct a predictive model for foodborne norovirus outbreaks in coastal areas based on environmental and geographical variables. A novel predictive nonlinear autoregressive model with exogenous inputs model was developed using 11 years of environmental and foodborne norovirus outbreak data collected from coastal areas in China. Five input variables (temperature, precipitation, elevation, latitude, and longitude) were screened through stepwise regression analysis. The predicted model developed in this study was able to reproduce 88.53% of outbreaks reported to the National Public Health Emergency Event Surveillance System (PHEESS) in the model development and 100% of outbreaks reported in the independent cross-validation since the system was first launched in China. In particular, foodborne norovirus outbreaks might occur when the probability is >0.6. The findings of this study suggest that foodborne norovirus outbreaks could be accurately predicted in coastal areas in China using the developed predictive model on a daily basis. The model output is most sensitive to temperature, followed by precipitation, and locations. The application of this predictive model is promising to improve local hygiene management levels, prevent foodborne norovirus outbreaks, and reduce the disease and economic costs in coastal areas in China.

Uso, acceso y aceptación del efectivo en España: un análisis a partir del «Estudio sobre hábitos en el uso del efectivo» de 2023

Rationale The Study on Cash Use Habits compiles valuable information on means of payment. This data can be used to assess the relevance of cash as a payment method and the prospects for its use going forward. Takeaways •In 2023, 65% of the Spanish population used cash on a daily basis, while 60% said it remained their main means of payment at physical points of sale (POS). •Cash remains widely used in Spain, with its demand shaped by various factors: the availability of non-cash alternatives, user preferences, ease of access and level of acceptance. •Looking ahead, consumer expectations indicate a moderate shift in payment habits towards digital methods.

Effect of school reopening on pediatric morbidity and mortality during the third epidemiological wave of COVID-19 in a Mexican state.

Determining the effect of reopening schools on pediatric SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection rates increased the need to share the experience of governments in many geographic regions for better future decision-making in similar health emergencies. Through a prospective study based on a population-based cohort, students from 18,988 schools in the State of Mexico who began returning to school were followed. Daily sanitation filters were implemented in each school and district liaisons were informed on a daily basis through a negative network. Identified cases were confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Simple case frequencies, percentages, and incidences of COVID-19 were estimated. State incidences were compared with the national incidence. A total of 3,586 cases were confirmed; 2,048 (57.1%) were children. Twenty-four (0.6%) were hospitalized for moderate to severe COVID-19; nine (37.5%) died, and only one was a schoolchild. From week 36, an average infection rate of 0.36 was observed. The highest infection rate in schoolchildren was observed in epidemiologic week 40 (1.01); from this week on, a decrease in the number of cases was observed until week 50. The use of non-pharmaceutical interventions has more advantages than limitations, as long as the strategies are homogeneous and properly implemented to ensure adequate control of infections.

A novel interval-based hybrid framework for crude oil price forecasting and trading

Existing research has demonstrated the effectiveness of hybrid models in improving the accuracy of crude oil forecasting compared to single models. However, these works usually focus on point-valued crude oil closing prices which may suffer from information loss. Instead, this paper proposes a novel interval-based framework based on the principle of “divide and conquer”. After deploying variational mode decomposition (VMD) on an original training series to decompose it into low- and high-frequency components, a newly proposed autoregressive conditional interval (ACI) model is applied to predict the interval-valued low-frequency component which is treated as an inseparable random set, while the interval-valued high-frequency component is predicted by interval long short-term memory (iLSTM) networks. Combination of the two parts yields the final interval-valued prediction. A trading strategy for interval-valued data is designed and executed on a daily basis. Compared to benchmark models and competing trading strategies, the proposed framework can generate superior forecasts and deliver enhanced trading performances. The analysis within this study indicates that the framework’s outstanding performance is robust to various forecasting horizons.