User Security Research Articles

Wind Chat: Robust & Dynamic Flutter Messaging Application

"Wind Chat" is an Android messaging application developed using Flutter and Google Firebase. It enables users to sign in with their Gmail accounts, send friend requests, and engage in real-time messaging. It is a robust messaging application developed using cutting-edge technologies - Flutter and Google Firebase. Flutter, an open-source UI software development toolkit, allows for the creation of natively compiled applications for mobile, web, and desktop from a single codebase. Its expressive and flexible framework ensures a seamless user experience across various platforms. Complementing Flutter, Google Firebase serves as the backend infrastructure, providing a suite of powerful tools for authentication, real-time database management, and cloud storage. Firebase Authentication ensures secure user sign-ins through various methods, while Firebase Real time Database facilitates dynamic and synchronized data updates in real-time. Additionally, Firebase Cloud Storage caters to the reliable storage of multimedia content, a pivotal aspect of Wind Chat's functionality. This integration ensures secure and efficient user authentication and authorization, while also enabling dynamic and responsive data handling, critical for a real-time messaging application like Wind Chat. The combination of Flutter and Firebase empowers "Wind Chat" with a compelling and dynamic user interface, ensuring fluid navigation and an intuitive messaging experience. This fusion of innovative technologies underpins Wind Chat's ability to deliver a feature-rich and user-centric platform for seamless communication.

Event Management to Connect Across Video Conferencing Platforms

Managing events across multiple video conferencing platforms poses challenges in coordination, resulting in inefficiencies and fragmented user experiences. To address these issues, this project develops a cross-platform integration solution, creating a unified platform for seamless management, scheduling, and tracking of meetings. Integration techniques, such as authentication mechanisms and request wrappers, are explored to facilitate interaction with major platforms like Zoom, Microsoft Teams, and Google Meet. The project aims to enhance user workflow efficiency across multiple platforms by introducing a suite of integrated components. The cornerstone is a secure User Authentication system with Single Sign-On support, ensuring streamlined access. A Unified Dashboard serves as a centralised hub for managing meetings, eliminating the need for platform-switching. Cross-Platform Scheduling enables seamless meeting arrangement from a single interface, while Real-Time Updates keep users informed of schedule changes. Additionally, the incorporation of Artificial Intelligence-driven chat for meeting scheduling facilitates intuitive, natural language-based interaction. Together, these components optimise user experience, saving time and effort. Keywords—Meet, Event Management, Zoom, Integration, video conference

Assessing interprofessional and integrated care in providing sexual and reproductive health services to adolescents at primary healthcare level in Nigeria

PurposeSexual and reproductive health (SRH) interventions demand diverse services, encompassing medical, social and psychological care to ensure the overall wellbeing of service users. In the absence of multidisciplinary response to SRH interventions, service users could be deprived of crucial SRH services, which could undermine their safety and wellbeing. Based on this knowledge, our study was designed to map the interprofessional space in primary healthcare (PHC) facilities in Ebonyi State, Nigeria that deliver SRH services.Design/methodology/approachInterviews with 20 health workers and group discussions with 72 young people aged 15–24 years provided the data for the study. We analyzed data deductively, focusing on the assessments of the presence or absence of specific professionals that are typically expected to provide different aspects of SRH services.FindingsWe found conspicuous absence of laboratory diagnostic, social care, psycho-cognitive and some medical services expected of primary care. These absences necessitated unnecessary referrals, encouraged breaches in confidentiality, undermined social care and justice, increased cost of care and discouraged young clients from utilizing SRH services provided in PHCs. Our study, therefore, emphasizes the need for integrated care in the delivery of SRH services, which would involve relevant diverse professionals contributing their expertise toward comprehensive care for SRH service users.Originality/valueThe study provides human resource insights toward strengthening primary healthcare in Nigeria vis-à-vis efficient delivery of SRH services to guarantee the health security of service users.

Wisdom of the Masses? Users and Educators Contrasting Perspectives on the Data Privacy and Safety of Early Years’ Apps

A key focus is assessing children's apps, emphasising informational clarity, safety, and data ethics. The present study employs a structured database for app evaluation, by categorising 30 apps into edutainment, education, instruction, and training based on various criteria, including educational value and user ratings. Moreover, a comparative evaluation between the public ratings and the educator's evaluation was carried out. The findings underscore the challenges in app evaluation due to the proliferation of unregulated and untested applications. It highlights the discrepancies between public app evaluations and those conducted by experienced educators, pointing out the difficulties in obtaining relevant information for accurate app assessment. The study also addresses the aesthetic appeal of apps and how they influence parental choices, often overshadowing concerns about user security and privacy. In conclusion, the study calls for heightened parental awareness in selecting apps for their children. It stresses the importance of considering learning value, educational value, information clarity, security, and ethical data use.

Anonymous attribute-based broadcast encryption with hidden multiple access structures

Due to the high demands of data communication, the broadcasting system streams the data daily. This service not only sends out the message to the correct participant but also respects the security of the identity user. In addition, when delivered, all the information must be protected for the party who employs the broadcasting service. Currently, Attribute-Based Broadcast Encryption (ABBE) is useful to apply for the broadcasting service. (ABBE) is a combination of Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) and Broadcast Encryption (BE), which allows a broadcaster (or encrypter) to broadcast an encrypted message, including a predefined user set and specified access policy to install the authorization mechanism. It is desirable to hide all the information when producing in the ciphertext, which has not been considered in the previous works of ABBE. Motivated by the above issue, we devise a solution to achieve anonymity for the ABBE scheme, which not only hides the access structures but also anonymizes the user’s identity. In this work, we propose two schemes as Anonymous Key Policy (AKP)-ABBE and Anonymous Ciphertext Policy (ACP)-ABBE with supporting multiple access structures by using OR/AND\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\ extsf {OR}/\ extsf {AND}$$\\end{document} gates. Specifically, we present the generic constructions of AKP/ACP-ABBE on the building block of the Inner Product Encryption (IPE\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\ extsf {IPE}$$\\end{document}), which enables the hidden user’s identity and complex OR/AND\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\ extsf {OR}/\ extsf {AND}$$\\end{document}-Gate access structure. We show that our proposed schemes are secured under the standard models.

Predictors of adoption of blockchain technology by academic libraries in Nigeria

PurposeThis study aimed to predict and understand the academic libraries' probability of successful adoption of blockchain within the lens of integrated technology acceptance model (TAM) and technology organization and environment theory (TOE) framework.Design/methodology/approachA mixed approach was employed to gather data from librarians (292) and system analysts (46) totaling 338 respondents. The total enumeration sampling technique was considered. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically, while quantitative data were analyzed using structural equation model (SEM).FindingsPerceived usefulness and policy are the important factors that influence academic libraries' blockchain adoption intentions. Unlimited access to both print and electronic resources, security of users' information and easy collaboration between users and library staff were found to be the benefits of blockchain application to academic libraries' operations. Major challenges to the adoption of blockchain in academic libraries include the cost of infrastructure related to blockchain applications, privacy issues and a lack of understanding of blockchain technology among librarians.Research limitations/implicationsFuture studies would need to include more relevant items to the observed variables of the independent variables that were found insignificant in this study.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study will create a roadmap for government and polytechnic management on the factors that could strengthen the adoption of blockchain in the libraries.Social implicationsThe outcome of this study came at a crucial moment when the majority of academic libraries in developing nations like Nigeria were skeptical about the deployment of blockchain technology in their libraries.Originality/valueThe study identified new factors that influence blockchain adoption intention.

Digital Nudging and Cookie Rejection: An Experiment

AbstractWhen browsing the Internet, web users tend to accept all cookies even though this may threaten their online security. We apply a salience nudge and a framing nudge to the design of a cookie banner and test their individual and combined effectiveness in fostering rejection of unnecessary cookies in an online experiment (N = 358). The salience nudge makes the rejection button more visible, and the framing nudge phrases button labels as negations. Compared to the control with no nudges, which elicited a rejection rate of 27%, the salience nudge increased rejection rate by 7 percentage points (but p = 0.305), the framing nudge by 18 pp (p = 0.009), and the combination of the two by 53 pp (p < 0.0001). We also find that, when users are offered a customization option rather than the rejection button, only 3% of them select the option and reject non-necessary cookies. Finally, we explore how cookie rejection is related to the time users spend making the decision and to their personality traits. Our findings suggest that cookie rejection can indeed be fostered by an appropriate design of cookie banners and that legislation for protecting the online security of users should introduce specific design guidelines.

The opportunities and challenges of generative AI for the development of the accounting Industry

Against the backdrop of rapid information technology development, generative AI technology has become a key driver in advancing the accounting industry. This paper discusses the opportunities that generative AI, represented by ChatGPT, brings to the accounting industry. These opportunities include driving workflow automation, enhancing review efficiency, and aiding scientific research. The article discusses challenges related to the authenticity and usability of output data, privacy and security of accounting data, and the shortage of technical talent. The author proposes strategies to address these challenges, including fostering critical thinking and awareness, strengthening the training and development of GPT models specific to accounting, enhancing data and privacy protection, and promoting relevant training for accounting professionals. This study addresses the research gap in the application of ChatGPT in the accounting industry. Its practical significance lies in promoting technological advancement and high-quality development in China's accounting industry.

Protection of children’s personal data in social networks in the context of the right to be forgotten

The article is devoted to a legal analysis of the protection of the confidentiality of children’s personal data on social networks in the context of the right to be forgotten and the General Data Protection Regulation. It is established that most social networks have their own usage rules, but their priority is to attract more users and company profit rather than the security of users’ personal data. Legal mechanisms for the implementation and protection of human rights in the digital environment are in the process of formation and improvement. It is proven that the application of the right to be forgotten has become one of the forms of personal data protection in social networks and on the Internet in general. Although initially the right to erasure emerged only at the level of the judicial practice of the Court of Justice of the EU, an effective mechanism has now been created to protect the individual’s right to delete outdated information about themselves, taking into account the balance between the right to privacy and the right to freedom of expression. Due to psychological immaturity and limited life experience, children and adolescents may casually disclose sensitive personal information, increasing the likelihood of abuse by both social networks and third parties. Therefore, minors receive special protection as vulnerable user categories according to the General Data Protection Regulation. It is argued that the incorporation of the right to be forgotten into EU legislation helps eliminate undesirable consequences of oversharing and restores minors’ ability to control their digital footprint. The terms of service of most social networks ensure additional protection of minors’ data and provide several options for deleting already disseminated information. Obstacles to the application of the right to be forgotten in social networks are identified, such as the lack of a developed mechanism for deleting photos or videos with minors published without the consent of the child or their parents by another user, the limited ability of users under 13 years old to request deletion without intermediaries, and the limited liability of social networks for the loss of information, data, and direct or indirect damages from such actions.

GRAMMAROUS Revolutionizing English Vocabulary Acquisition for Children through Gamified Learning

Interactive Learning through Gamified Activities: The Grammarous App This paper presents Grammarous, a novel Android application that revolutionizes children's English vocabulary acquisition through interactive and gamified activities. By leveraging cutting-edge technologies and principles of gamification, Grammarous incorporates a diverse range of engaging features tailored to cater to various learning styles, making vocabulary acquisition an enjoyable and highly effective process for young learners. The app employs innovative techniques such as Shake-to-Spell, where children can rearrange scrambled letters into words by shaking their devices, fostering both visual and kinesthetic learning. Other features include Fill-in-the-blanks to reinforce memory and spelling, Spelling Bees for friendly competition, Rearrange Words to stimulate critical thinking, Matching Games for solidifying vocabulary relationships, and Shake Alphabets for letter recognition and mastery. Grammarous leverages Firebase Authentication for secure user management and real-time data retrieval to facilitate personalized learning experiences. By seamlessly integrating education and technology, the app creates an immersive and adaptive learning environment that actively engages children and promotes cognitive development. With its innovative approach to gamifying language learning, Grammarous has the potential to revolutionize the field of educational technology, providing a fun and effective platform for children to acquire essential English vocabulary skills crucial for academic and personal growth. Keywords: android app, vocabulary, gamification, spelling bee, innovative, educational games, language expansion, interactive learning, cognitive development, personalized education

ChainAgile: A framework for the improvement of Scrum Agile distributed software development based on blockchain.

Software Development based on Scrum Agile in a distributed development environment plays a pivotal role in the contemporary software industry by facilitating software development across geographic boundaries. However, in the past different frameworks utilized to address the challenges like communication and collaboration in scrum agile distributed software development (SADSD) were notably inadequate in transparency, security, traceability, geographically dispersed location work agreements, geographically dispersed teamwork effectiveness, and trust. These deficiencies frequently resulted in delays in software development and deployment, customer dissatisfaction, canceled agreements, project failures, and disputes over payments between customers and development teams. To address these challenges of SADSD, this paper proposes a new framework called ChainAgile, which leverages blockchain technology. ChainAgile employs a private Ethereum blockchain to facilitate the execution of smart contracts. These smart contracts cover a range of functions, including acceptance testing, secure payments, requirement verification, task prioritization, sprint backlog, user story design and development and payments with the automated distribution of payments via digital wallets to development teams. Moreover, in the ChainAgile framework, smart contracts also play a pivotal role in automatically imposing penalties on customers for making late payments or for no payments and penalties on developers for completing the tasks that exceed their deadlines. Furthermore, ChainAgile effectively addresses the scalability limitations intrinsic in blockchain technology by incorporating the Interplanetary File System (IPFS) is used for storage solutions as an off-chain mechanism. The experimental results conclusively show that this innovative approach substantially improves transparency, traceability, coordination, communication, security, and trust for both customers and developers engaged in scrum agile distributed software development (SADSD).

Credit Card Fraud Detection By IJISRt

While credit card fraud and abuse are the way becoming more common, the convenience using of there credit for the way online purchases has also improved. These fraudulent activities pose a severe financial danger to both credit the are card users and way they using it financial institutions. The first thinking aims to do of this research project is to recognize and put an end to these kinds of fraudulent activities. It addresses a broad range of subjects, including the frequency of false positives, imbalanced datasets, evolving fraud trends, and restricted public data access. The literature now under publication offers a range of machine learning-based methods, including logistic regression, decision trees, random the forests, support to the vector of the +machines, and XG Boost, with the purpose of identifying credit card fraud. However, these methods often exhibit lower accuracy rates, highlighting the need for more advanced deep learning algorithms in order to effectively lower fraud losses. Therefore, the of way they primary thinks objective of this is to improve fraud detection abilities through which the way this application most be of state- of-the-art deep learning algorithms. An assessment way it should be of the research project reveals better outcomes, including optimized AUC curves, precision, f1-score, and accuracy. The ultimate objective there are is to create models that will greatly improve credit card fraud detection and prevention. This research focuses on advanced deep learning techniques in to the way it is order they provide the to more reliable and accurate fraud detection mechanisms, enhance security for credit card users, and lower financial risks for financial institutions when conducting online transactions.

Phish Catcher: Client-Side Defense against Web-Spoofing Attacks Using Machine Learning

Cybersecurity faces a significant challenge in safeguarding users' confidential information, such as passwords and PIN codes, from phishing attacks. These attacks, which employ various deceptive tactics like fake login pages, phishing emails, and click-jacking, aim to trick users into divulging sensitive data. Traditional security strategies often encounter issues of latency and accuracy in detecting these fraudulent activities. To address this challenge, we propose a client-side defense mechanism leveraging machine learning techniques to detect spoofed web pages and protect users from phishing attacks. In this work, we introduce Phish Catcher, a Google Chrome extension developed as a proof of concept for our machine learning-based approach. Phish Catcher utilizes a random forest classifier trained on four types of web features to classify URLs as suspicious or trustworthy. To evaluate the effectiveness of our extension, we conducted experiments on real web applications, testing 400 classified phishing URLs and 400 legitimate URLs. The results demonstrate a remarkable accuracy and precision of 98.5% for detecting spoofed web pages. Furthermore, we assessed the latency of Phish Catcher by measuring its response time over forty phished URLs. The average recorded response time was just 62.5 milliseconds, indicating minimal impact on user experience while providing robust protection against phishing attacks. Overall, our approach offers a highly accurate and efficient solution for detecting phishing attempts, thereby enhancing user security and mitigating the risks associated with online fraud.

Analysis Customer Satisfaction and its Implications for Customer Loyalty and Purchase Intention for Cinepolis Cinemas Tickets

This study aims to analyze the effect of E-service quality, price perception, brand image, and perceived value on customer satisfaction, as well as its implications for customer loyalty and ticket purchase intention of Cinepolis Cinemas. This study used a quantitative approach involving 120 respondents as a sample. The sampling method uses a non-probability sampling approach using a purposive sampling formula. The results showed that price perception, brand image, and perceived value positively and significantly affect customer satisfaction. In addition, customer satisfaction also has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty and purchase intent. Nevertheless, the quality of E-service has a positive but not significant effect on customer satisfaction. Therefore, it is concluded that to maintain customer satisfaction with Cinepolis Cinemas tickets, companies need to improve the quality aspects of E-service, especially in terms of completeness of online payment features and data security for online service users. This research provides valuable insights for companies in improving customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and purchase intent through improving price perception, brand image, perceived value, and E-service quality. The implications of these findings could help companies develop more effective marketing strategies and improve the overall customer experience.

The application of the internet of things technology in the smart grid

The development of electric power and the energy industry is an important guarantee for national economic development. With the explosion of population and the development of science and technology, the power system needs to be more intelligent and networked to facilitate management and optimization. In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) technology has continued to develop through the combination of Internet technology and sensor technology, and the fast network transmission speed as well as the miniaturization and refinement of sensing can help the construction of the smart grid. This paper analyzes the application of IoT technology in the smart grid, including different types of smart grid architecture and the practical application of the IoT technology in the whole process of power transmission. Besides, the paper also discusses different application links and network levels. At present, the IoT technology has been applied to the smart grid information collection, transmission, and processing process, participating in information management in the power station, power transmission, substation, and other links. However, due to the complexity of processing the massive data of the power grid and the multiple network connections during the transmission process, ensuring the security of information and networks has become a challenge. While realizing high-speed communication, it is necessary to ensure the security of users as well as the information communication and networks.

Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Models for Android Malware Detection

The rapid growth of Android devices has led to increased security concerns, especially from malicious software. This study extensively compares machine-learning algorithms for effective Android malware detection. Traditional models, such as random forest (RF) and support vector machines (SVM), alongside advanced approaches, such as convolutional neural networks (CNN) and XGBoost, were evaluated. Leveraging the NATICUSdroid dataset containing 29,332 records and 86 traces, the results highlight the superiority of RF with 97.1% and XGBoost with 97.2% accuracy. However, evolving malware and real-world unpredictability require a cautious interpretation. Promising as they are, our findings stress the need for continuous innovation in malware detection to ensure robust Android user security and data integrity.

Strengthening Multi-Factor Authentication Through Physically Unclonable Functions in PVDF-HFP-Phase-Dependent a-IGZO Thin-Film Transistors.

For enhanced security in hardware-based security devices, it is essential to extract various independent characteristics from a single device to generate multiple keys based on specific values. Additionally, the secure destruction of authentication information is crucial for the integrity of the data. Doped amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) using poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) induce a dipole doping effect through a phase-transition process, creating physically unclonable function (PUF) devices for secure user information protection. The PUF security key, generated at VGS = 20V in a 20×10 grid, demonstrates uniformity of 42% and inter-Hamming distance (inter-HD) of 49.79% in the β-phase of PVDF-HFP. However, in the γ-phase, the uniformity drops to 22.5%, and inter-HD decreases to 35.74%, indicating potential security key destruction during the phase transition. To enhance security, a multi-factor authentication (MFA) system is integrated, utilizing five security keys extracted from various TFT parameters. The security keys from turn-on voltage (VON), VGS = 20V, VGS = 30V, mobility, and threshold voltage (Vth) exhibit near-ideal uniformities and inter-HDs, with the highest values of 58% and 51.68%, respectively. The dual security system, combining phase transition and MFA, establishes a robust protection mechanism for privacy-sensitive user information.

Human factors in cybersecurity: Navigating the fintech landscape

The dynamic landscape of financial technology (Fintech) introduces a myriad of challenges and opportunities, with human factors playing a pivotal role in shaping the cybersecurity ecosystem within this domain. This review explores the intricate relationship between human factors and cybersecurity in the context of Fintech, aiming to navigate the evolving landscape. In the realm of Fintech, where the fusion of finance and technology is reshaping traditional banking and investment practices, understanding human behavior becomes paramount. Human factors encompass a spectrum of elements, including cognitive abilities, decision-making processes, and user behaviors, all of which significantly impact the effectiveness of cybersecurity measures. This paper delves into the nuances of these factors and their implications for securing financial transactions and sensitive data in Fintech platforms. One key aspect of human factors in Fintech cybersecurity is the user interface design. Intuitive and user-friendly interfaces enhance security by minimizing human errors and fostering a secure user experience. Conversely, poorly designed interfaces can inadvertently contribute to vulnerabilities. This paper explores the intersection of user experience design and cybersecurity protocols, aiming to strike a balance that promotes both usability and security. Moreover, the study investigates the psychological aspects of cybersecurity awareness and education in the Fintech sector. As financial transactions increasingly migrate to digital platforms, users' awareness of potential cyber threats becomes a critical line of defense. Analyzing the effectiveness of training programs and awareness campaigns, the paper explores strategies to enhance cybersecurity consciousness among Fintech users. The research illuminates the symbiotic relationship between human factors and cybersecurity within the dynamic Fintech landscape. By comprehensively understanding and addressing human elements in interface design, user awareness, and decision-making processes, the paper aims to provide insights that contribute to the development of robust cybersecurity frameworks tailored to the evolving needs of Fintech platforms.

AN INNOVATIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT: G-MOOC 4D TO ENHANCE VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS LEARNING MOTIVATION

The proliferation of visual impairment among school-age children in Indonesia has prompted the need for specialized online learning solutions. The G-MOOC 4D platform, a novel Learning Management System (LMS), is designed to address this need by leveraging gamification and artificial intelligence to enhance accessibility for visually impaired users. This study reports on the development and testing of two AI models within the G-MOOC 4D framework: a facial recognition model for secure user authentication and a voice command model for interactive learning. User Acceptance Testing (UAT), conducted with expert users, namely teachers at a special needs school, showed high approval rates for the platform's features. The results show that all metrics, accuracy, precision, and recall reach their optimal values at a distance of 40 cm for face detection. The respective metric scores at that distance, precision: 100%, accuracy: 98%, and recall: 97%. Additionally, the voice command functionality tested achieved a 100% recognition rate, reflecting the platform’s potential to significantly ease the learning process for visually impaired students. The findings underscore the importance of integrating assistive technologies into educational platforms to ensure all students have equal access to learning opportunities.

Android Application for Online Fertilizer Selling and Accounting

The "Android Application for Online Fertilizer Selling and Accounting" aims to streamline the process of buying and selling fertilizers through a user-friendly mobile application. This comprehensive platform facilitates a secure and convenient marketplace for users, integrating essential features for both buyers and sellers. The application encompasses user authentication, a detailed product catalog, efficient shopping cart functionality, secure checkout and payment options, order tracking, and dedicated interfaces for sellers to manage their products and orders. For buyers, the application provides an intuitive interface to explore a diverse catalog of fertilizers, categorized for easy navigation. Users can securely authenticate, add products to their cart, and complete transactions using various payment methods. The order tracking feature ensures transparency and keeps users informed about the status of their purchases. The application also maintains an order history for reference. Sellers benefit from a dedicated management interface, allowing them to efficiently update and manage their fertilizer inventory. The platform ensures accurate accounting through the integration of invoicing features, generating detailed invoices for each transaction. This streamlines the selling process and helps sellers keep track of their sales and revenue. By combining the convenience of online shopping with robust accounting functionalities, the Android application for online fertilizer selling and accounting seeks to enhance the overall experience for users in the agricultural sector. The goal is to foster a reliable and efficient marketplace that meets the needs of both buyers and sellers in the fertilizer industry.