Customer Meter Research Articles

Optimalisasi DMA IAIN untuk Menurunkan Kehilangan Air pada di Perumda Air Minum Tirta Giri Nata Kota Cirebon

District Meter Area (DMA) of IAIN has not compliance the National Non Revenue Water (NRW) target of 25% from January-December 2023. The NRW of DMA IAIN in 2023 is 44.38%. This research aims to analyse the existing conditions, identify causes of NRW, and arrange recommendations for the optimize DMA to reduce water loss. The analysis is analysing the water consumption pattern, water balance, Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) and Strength Weakness Oportunity Threats (SWOT) method. This DMA has fulfilled ideal condition except the division of subDMAs, the implementation of hydraulic modelling, and the implementation of IoT. There is an indication of leakage in the pipeline based on the pressure-discharge graph. The water loss is 44.26%. The ILI is 0 or good category (A1). The ATR performance indicator is 501 L/connection/day or very bad category (D). The DMA optimisation strategies to reduce and control water loss are planning alternative financial support, forming subDMA, applying Epanet for hydraulic modelling, installing loggers and SCADA as implementation of IoT, revitalising pipes and customer meters that has >10 years of technical age, finding active leaks such as executing step test, arranging water loss reduction and control SOP, ensuring the assets safety, and updating GIS data.

Mathematical Modeling of Drinking Water Losses Management Case Study – Cairo - Egypt

Water, As A Precious natural resource, necessitates sustainable management to minimize wastage. Excessive leakage, particularly in regions confronting water scarcity such as Egypt, directly undermines environmental objectives and principles of cost recovery. Effective water management is pivotal for reducing losses and optimizing efficiency. Accurate measurement of water production and distribution is essential to identify losses and assess water utilities' performance. This data aids in pinpointing the root causes of losses, whether physical or commercial, facilitating targeted reduction strategies. Forecasting supply-demand balance is critical for planning water networks and treatment facilities. Detailed infrastructure information enables decision-makers to discern areas experiencing water shortages and those with surplus resources. Our aim is to probe the causes of water losses in Cairo's drinking water network, the capital of Egypt, and propose managerial solutions. Operational efficiency relies on minimizing labor, material, and energy costs. Water loss poses a significant operational challenge, as components of non-revenue water can significantly impact utilities' financial stability. The IWA Water Balance offers a standardized approach to water audits, facilitating a comprehensive analysis of water production, storage, and distribution. This analysis aids in quantifying the magnitude of the water loss problem and prioritizing corrective actions based on revenue and non-revenue water components. The Cairo Water Company is entrusted with producing 5.5 million cubic meters of purified drinking water per day from 11 treatment plants, serving a network spanning 13,307 kilometers and supported by 20 maintenance centers. With a focus on serving 1.1 million citizens in compliance with Egyptian regulations, our study encompasses various metrics, including billed and unbilled consumption, unauthorized usage, and metering inaccuracies, to calculate commercial losses. Additionally, we evaluate main and storage leakages, as well as service connection leakages up to the customer meter, to determine technical losses. Through a mathematical module, we compute non-revenue water (NRW) and infrastructure leakage index (ILI) metrics. Performance indicators are utilized to assess the effectiveness of water utilities in managing losses and asset maintenance. Our designed module empowers decision-makers to evaluate and enhance asset methodologies for water loss management.

Development of Company-Specific Emission Factors with Confidence Intervals for Natural Gas Customer Meters in Southern California.

Methane is both a significant and short-lived greenhouse gas compared to CO2, and reducing methane emissions from natural gas distribution systems may offer cost-effective reduction opportunities. We report substantial new direct leak rate measurements from customer meter set assemblies (MSAs) in Southern California. In a novel way, emission factors are defined in terms of aboveground Hazardous and Nonhazardous leak categories, which take direct advantage of readily available industry leak data. We also studied leaks that were not detected as part of normal leak survey procedures. As a result, this yields company-specific emission factors that can be used to track progress in reducing methane emissions. This approach also has the advantage of explicitly accounting for the skewed or fat-tail distribution of leak rates by treating high flow rate MSA leaks separately from low flow rate MSA leaks. The Southern California Gas (SoCalGas) methane emission factors, based on 485 leak rate measurements by direct enclosure, were 4.55 (95% confidence interval: 2.32 to 7.14) kg/day for Hazardous leaks, 0.149 (0.119 to 0.183) kg/day for Nonhazardous leaks, and 0.0039 (0.0003 to 0.0198) kg/day for Non-Detected leaks. The percentage of surveyed meters with nondetected leaks was 29.1% (24.3 to 34.6%). Based on a robust Monte Carlo analysis, total leak emissions from MSAs for the SoCalGas system were reduced by 35% based on data from 2015 to 2022. These reductions were attributed to surveying a larger number of MSAs and accelerated leak repair rates. In traditional population-based emission inventories, an individual emission factor for a given asset category is multiplied by the total population of MSAs within the category. This approach simply cannot capture the reduction in leak numbers and methane emissions resulting from leak mitigation and prevention programs.

Android-Based Monitoring and Meter Recording Applications

It is difficult for the people of Dlimas Tegalrejo village to find out information on drinking water bills and payment due dates. They have to wait for the presence of Pamsimas officers to find out this information. Water customers also cannot access billing and payment data in real time. This study aims to produce an application system for monitoring and recording metering in the village of Dlimas, Tegalrejo using a QR code with a mobile-based application. This system will be designed using the prototyping method, database design using ERD, and application design using UML. This application is built using Firebase services to produce Android-based applications. This research produces an Android- based application with three access rights, namely officer, admin and customer. Officers can send customer data meter numbers with the QR code scan feature. The admin is in charge of inputting customer meter data. Customers can view data on drinking water bills in real time. This study produced several algorithms in mobile programming, namely water payment calculations, late payment calculations, fine calculations, tariff and price data, and total payment calculations. The designed system can complete the work in 23.34 seconds or four times faster than the previous process.

Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Pelayanan Pelanggan Air Bersih Berbasis Android Pada Bumdes Lantongau

BUMDES Lantongau is one of the Lantongau Village-Owned Enterprises whose one line of business is to distribute clean water needs in four villages, namely Lantongau Village, Morikana Village, Katukobari Village, and Lakorua Village. In order to facilitate the registration process, meter recording, payment bills, service interruption information, and customer complaints, applications that facilitate all service processes. Therefore, the most suitable application is using an Android-based application, the use of an Android-based application is an option because almost all customers have an Android device, so that services can be directly carried out quickly, easily, effectively and efficiently. With this application, it is easier for the customer and the BUMDES Lantongau in services ranging from customer registration, meter recording, billing payments, customer complaints and information on service disruptions, all can be done through the application. This application is designed using android studio with Research and Development (R&D) development method
 
 Keywords: Android Application, Customer Service, BUMDES Lantongau

Water Demand Estimation in Service Areas with Limited Numbers of Customer Meters—Case Study in Water and Sanitation Agency (WASA) Lahore, Pakistan

The Water and Sanitation Agency (WASA) of Lahore, Pakistan, supplies water to 5.29 million people through 598 tube wells but faces difficulties in meeting rapidly increasing water demand, lowering groundwater table, high energy costs, and low water tariffs. However, the actual water consumption and water loss have never been estimated due to water meter outages. This study aimed to estimate the actual water consumption, production, and water losses for the WASA Lahore service area, using the limited number of working water meters and pump operation data. The actual water consumption was estimated by 14,030 working customer meters; the population census was 44.02 m3 per connection per month, or 200 L per capita per day, while the water production was 79.8 m3 per connection. The actual water loss was significantly higher than non-revenue water, with an average of 45.4% (ranging from 35.9–69.4%). Due to high electricity costs, WASA has had to cut their supply hours. Therefore, leakage reduction programs must be implemented in the high-water-loss townships found in this study in order to meet the increasing water demand, reduce electricity consumption, and alleviate groundwater table drawdown.

ANALISIS KEHILANGAN AIR (NON REVENUE WATER) PADA PERUSAHAAN DAERAH AIR MINUM (PDAM) KOTA BAU BAU

Water loss can be defined as the difference between the recorded amount of water in the system and the amount of water out of the system shown, in a water supply system is not entirely produced water installations reach consumer. Usually there is a leak here and there, called the loss of water. Then to reduce or minimize the water loss rate needed the right solution. One of solution that can be used is the Non Revenued Water (NRW) program. NRW can be defined as water that can be measured and a known amount of be chased but can not or may not be income, but it can be justified. The one of the methodologies that can be used to determine the amount (NRW) is a method of infrastructure leakage index (ILI) used Software WBEasycalc3. Water loss rate is the percentage ratio between water loss and the amount of water distributed in piped water network, while the water balance is calculated based on the amount of incoming water flow, consumption meter-Revenue, customer meter inaccuracies, water loss and physical loss. Both of two magnitudes in the ILI value is calculated by using Table Matrix Target that compiled by regulators of water service DKI Jakarta.

Water Loss Detection System of Malang Water Supply System

The implementation of the Drinking Water Supply System by PDAM is responsible for providing drinking water services to the community. Losses incurred due to water loss include being unable to meet drinking water needs, reduced revenues, increased operational costs and worsening infrastructure. One of the concrete efforts of PDAM management is to control the level of water loss. Water loss is defined as the difference between production volume and collectible water volume based on customer meter. Data analysis for water loss control is done by identifying the existing PDAM conditions related to Non Revenue Water (NRW) level issues and efforts that have been made to address them. Identification of PDAM existing conditions begins with identifying the service area as a whole through an existing network map. Then the identification of existing conditions of PDAM through existing water balance data. Water balance data is available for each component of the water balance so that existing conditions are obtained for each existing component for both commercial water loss, physical water loss, and NRW level. Asset management and technology can also play a role in water loss control analysis. Currently the use of SCADA technology in water loss control is able to monitor, control, and acquire data on a particular process continuously.

Development of Dekstop Based Customer Data Information System (Case Study: PDAM Tirta Fulawan Siemeulue Barat)

The purpose of this research is to find out and information systems that are running at PDAM Tirta Fulawan, West Simeulue District, and to create an application for customer data management, payment, and meter installation to simplify and speed up the data collection process. From the results of research and observations that have been carried out at PDAM Tirta Fulawan, West Simeulue District, it can be concluded that with this customer information system in PDAM Tirta Fulawan, West Simeulue District, information becomes precise and accurate, especially in the service section, and to obtain information These customers become easier, this information system is able to solve problems that often occur in PDAM Tirta Fulawan, West Simeulue District, namely it is difficult to control and supervise customer data and account payments which can avoid delays in making reports every year and for a certain period, and the creation of a system program information in order to obtain quality information.

The Velocity of Crisis: How the Pandemic Creates Opportunities for Change.

The Velocity of Crisis: How the Pandemic Creates Opportunities for Change.

Database application based on quick response method in Subulussalam Aceh

Customers are a very important part of the sustainability of a company. The PT. PLN (Persero) is a state electricity company in Indonesia. It has many customers in the Subulussalam district. This study aims to design a customer data management system for PT. PLN (Persero) using the QR code scanner. The method used in this system uses a use case diagram and waterfall model. The database design uses the Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) model. The system implementation uses PHP as the system interface and MySQL as its database. By scanning the QR code on the customer's meter so the officer can find out the customer's identity number and data. The system test results show that field officers can access customer data in realtime so that the information obtained becomes faster and more accurate.

Taking water efficiency to the next level: digital tools to reduce non-revenue water

Abstract Efficiency optimization of urban water systems is a growing concern for water utilities worldwide. This case study aimed at evaluating the impact of using cloud-based tools on the reduction of both real (real-time network monitoring) and apparent water losses (integrated customer meters management) in two water utilities. The incorporation of smart water solutions with a methodology for the management and operation of the systems allowed us to diagnose, prioritize areas and define actions to improve efficiency. Using a real-time monitoring tool allowed us to categorize bursts and to evaluate their impact on water loss volumes and to identify operational inefficiencies regarding detection and repair times, particularly in small and medium bursts. Additionally, the implementation of an integrated customer meters management tool allowed for an optimized meter management reducing apparent losses by estimating metering errors more accurately, enabling the water utilities to replace meters based on specific lifespan. Digitalization, through the implementation of optimized algorithms and early warning systems, allowed the analysis of data in a methodical and prompt manner resulting in non-revenue water reduction up to 8% in 3 years while improving the digital organization of data and its quality (reliability and accuracy), interdepartmental organization and communication, capacity building and utilities’ image among stakeholders.

Evaluation of PDAM Performance Using Dynamic Models

the Regional Government is the fulfillment of basic needs of daily drinking water. However, the service by PDAM is still not optimal. It can be seen from the PDAM's performance that was “unhealthy from year to year according to BPPSPAM data. Some of the research methods used in analyzing PDAM performance are problem identification, identification of variables and conceptual models, dynamic model simulations, analysis and interpretation as well as drawing conclusions and suggestions. From the simulation result of dynamic models using Vensim PLE plus software, alternative scenarios were obtained, that will increase domestic water consumption and customer connections by 12.5% per year, increasing the repair and replacement of distribution piping systems and customer meters by 20% per year, and increasing rate to 15% per year.

A Statistical Approach to Guide Phase Swapping for Data-Scarce Low Voltage Networks

Phase swapping, which rebalances the unbalanced three-phase low voltage (LV, 415 V) networks, improves network efficiency by reducing capacity waste and energy losses. A key challenge against phase swapping is that the majority of LV networks are data scarce, i.e., there is a general lack of data in LV networks. In light of this, this paper proposes a new statistical approach to develop phase swapping guidance for data-scarce LV networks with neither time-series network measurements nor customer metering data. First, given a set of data-rich LV networks (with time-series phase currents data collected at LV substations throughout a year), typical load profiles and their weights in each of the three phases are extracted by applying a nonnegative matrix factorization method. Then, phase swapping guidance are developed for data-rich LV networks along with their rebalancing potentials (rebalancing potentials refer to the reduction of phase imbalance degree). Second, a rapid screening model is developed to efficiently identify the data-scarce LV networks with high rebalancing potentials. Phase swapping guidance are then developed for these data-scarce networks with high rebalancing potentials. Case studies reveal that the statistical approach produces effective phase swapping guidance, which reduce the phase imbalance degrees for 99% of the LV networks and the maximum reduction is 35%. Validation results show that the average reduction of the phase imbalance degree for data-scarce networks is only 14.3% less than that for data-rich networks.

Penurunan Susut Jaringan Dengan Penertiban Pemakaian Tenaga Listrik

The decrease in the shrinkage of the distribution network can be done through controlling the use of electricity. Before the use of electricity by consumers, electricity in the distribution network is then fed to the APP (meter and gauge) of the customer's meter and can then be used by customers for daily use. Operational control of electric power expansion that is in the PLN is an activity carried out by the PLN so that there is no loss or can minimize the losses experienced. The truth of measuring meter energy in APP has several obstacles, such as the wrong reading of kwh meters, theft of electricity, use of electricity without measuring the meter, wiring and others. Basically the shrinkage itself is divided into the first two technical losses and non-technical losses in PT PLN (Persero) Teluk Naga Area, in non-technical shrinkage is a problem that is very vigilant because of this shrinkage PLN gets a lot of losses from customers such as affecting power limit, affecting energy measurements can reach 8257.9 kWh / month from 16 customers and experiencing losses of 13809.8 kWh / month therefore customers who make these deviations will be subject to sanctions in the form of a fine of Rp.332,830,661 for all customers who do deviation. The decrease in the shrinkage of the distribution network can be done through controlling the use of electricity. Before the use of electricity by consumers, electricity in the distribution network is then fed to the APP (meter and gauge) of the customer's meter and can then be used by customers for daily use. Operational control of electric power expansion that is in the PLN is an activity carried out by the PLN so that there is no loss or can minimize the losses experienced. The truth of measuring meter energy in APP has several obstacles, such as the wrong reading of kwh meters, theft of electricity, use of electricity without measuring the meter, wiring and others. Basically the shrinkage itself is divided into the first two technical losses and non-technical losses in PT PLN (Persero) Teluk Naga Area, in non-technical shrinkage is a problem that is very vigilant because of this shrinkage PLN gets a lot of losses from customers such as affecting power limit, affecting energy measurements can reach 8257.9 kWh / month from 16 customers and experiencing losses of 13809.8 kWh / month therefore customers who make these deviations will be subject to sanctions in the form of a fine of Rp.332,830,661 for all customers who do deviation.

SISTEM PREDIKSI PENGGUNAAN LISTRIK PELANGGAN DI PT.PLN (PERSERO) RAYON LAMONGAN AREA BOJONEGORO DENGAN METODE TRIPLE EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING (BROWN)

Electricity is one of the means of fulfilling the needs of human life which is very important in this era. Excessive use of electricity will have an impact on the high use of electricity kWh. The process of recording kWh on the customer meter is carried out by officers from PLN who routinely visit the customer's homes once a month. The meter recording clerk cannot record when the customer's house cannot be reached resulting in empty customer kWh data. Prediction System Using Electricity Customers at PT. PLN Lamongan aims to determine the amount of electricity usage kWh of the customer for the next period. This research uses the Triple Exponential Smoothing method (Brown). The calculation is done on 10 different customers with 24 data, namely the use of electric kWh per period from January 2015 to December 2016 with 9 different alpha values, namely alpha 0.1 - 0.9 and uses a reference of 3 months, 6 months and 12 months before. Prediction results will be compared with the actual data of kWh to determine the failure value or error value in predictions using mean absolute deviaton (MAD) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). From the third average forecasting test analysis, it produces an average MAPE value of 3 months reference with an average value of 2.922%, 6 months reference with an average value of 3.092% and a 12-month reference with an average value of 4.175%. The smallest MAPE, which is a test using a 6-month reference, produces a value of 1.886% with alpha 0.1.

Smart Electricity Billing Using Node-MCU

There are many problems in metering and billing processes like the going of meter reader to each customer meter to manually take the meter reading, the probability of the non-existence of the customers at their homes during that time, the lack of integrity and credibility of some of the meter readers, the safety and the outback areas represent a huge drawback cannot be neglected. In other hand, the in service classical energy meter type (induction type) suffers from well-known measuring errors. The above problems result in two significant points, waste of much money due to the large number of employees (meter readers) and the weakness in electricity management which results in lack in electric power. This project provides an excellent solution to the problems mentioned above where the system has been designed based on the use of energy smart meter to read electrical energy consumed to get an accurate reading. Then the energy reading is sent to the control centre in the electricity department based on GSM/SMS technology. The system in the electricity department receives readings and makes processing operations on them and extracts the bills that must be paid by the customer. The system also sends a message to the own customer mobile phone which contains the current bill, due bill, and total bill every two months have to be paid. In addition the system has the ability to print out a hard copy of the customer bill. Finally the proposed system has the ability of automatic power outage if the customer refrains or delays for certain time in paying the bills by means of an SMS.

ANALYSIS OF LOSS WATER ON PIPE DISTRIBUTION ”NON REVENUE WATER (NRW)” NETWORK PDAM SURYA SEMBADA CITY OF SURABAYA WITH CAUSAL LOOP DIAGRAM (CLD)

Water is an important supporting factor in humanlife. The problem of clean water in an area is managed by Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Surabaya. PDAM Surya Sembada as a water management company in Surabaya is expected to be able to distributethe needs of clean water, however, in the distribution network, sometimes experiencing problems that cause water is not fully channeled to the customer, to overcome this problem, the Causal Loop Diagram approach is used to identify the cause of the water loss,after knowing these factors, we have been made model with Causal Loop model,to calculate the water loss that occurred, in PDAM Surya Sembada Surabaya especially DMA 109 using Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) method. The Causal Loop Diagram approach, various causes of water loss include: physical water loss caused by reservoir leakage, transmission line leakage and distribution pipeline leakage; non physical water loss caused by meter fault, wild connection and water theft. Based on the data obtained, obtained NRW value at DMA 109 of 439.455.72 m3 / year or by 25% with a loss of 329.591.8 m3 / year. Service pipe leakage up to the customer meter is 1.757.822.8 m3 / year.

Mass Customer Metering: The Challenges of Accurately Measuring and Billing Potable Water Use

Mass customer metering and billing is a daily task but also an ongoing quandary within the Water Services Corporation. Meter selection is dependent upon several factors. This has been perhaps made more complex by the introduction of smart metering several years ago. Meter ageing, together with the contribution of water quality, water pressure, and the effect of consumer’s flow profile on meter performance will also be discussed. This will all be done while keeping in mind the use of Automated Meter Reading in Malta to obtain consumers’ readings remotely and by ensuring that billing is done in a timely and accurate manner for the WSC.

Solar Feed-In Tariffs: Examining fair and reasonable retail rates using cost avoidance estimates

Growing Solar Photovoltaic (PV) electricity systems in geographically diverse regions presents a complex policy problem for governments. During 2013-16, the Queensland government in Australia, examined establishing a fair and reasonable retail Feed-in Tariff (FiT) policy, noting it regulates state retail electricity consumption prices. A combined cost avoidance and stakeholder analysis was applied to show that determination of a fair and reasonable FiT for all stakeholders, while aspirational, is difficult to achieve. Typically, agreement on a fair tariff rate will depend on stakeholders’ relative position in energy supply chains (service providers, retailers, suppliers, customers, advocates), and interpretations of fairness that can be shaped by competition in the supply area. Also, increases in financial benefits to PV customers might be considered unreasonable by non-PV customers and retailers that experience increases in electricity prices and operating costs. Importantly, the application of a retail FiT in regional and isolated areas requires careful energy policy design, taking account of network losses, remote and isolated customer metering, cost effective network control technologies, and diesel generator operating limits. The study also observed that shifting funding of FiT schemes from electricity distributors to competitive retailers will likely have negative consequences for retail FiT offerings and PV customer servicing.