CuSO4 Solution Research Articles

A portable dual-mode colorimetric and fluorescence sensing platform for RGB detection in liquid solutions

The color of liquids is crucial in food safety, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and environmental monitoring. Traditional color measurement methods typically require expensive spectrophotometers, limiting their utility in rapid testing and cost-effective applications. This study developed a cost-effective, portable dual-mode colorimetric and fluorescence sensing platform with using the TCS230 sensor and STM32F103ZET6 microcontroller for real-time RGB color detection. Equipped with built-in white and ultraviolet light sources, the platform operates reliably across different environmental conditions, aided by its darkroom design and white balance calibration strategy to minimize ambient light interference. Tests with fluorescent and dye solutions show stability and reliability of the platform. The relationship between color saturation and concentration under different concentrations showed the excellent correlation coefficients above 0.99 for CuSO4 and KMnO4 solutions. The measurement deviations of 1.93% to 3.41%, render it an efficient tool for on-site and multiple-mode color testing.

ALLEVIATIVE EFFECTS OF CHITOSAN AND NANOSILVER ON Solanum pimpinellifolium UNDER HEAVY METAL STRESS IN VITRO

This study aimed to investigate the potential mitigation of copper stress in tomato plants (Solanum pimpinellifolium L0566) through the addition of chitosan (CH) or nanosilver (nAg) to Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium under in vitro conditions. Various growth parameters; the proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), total polyphenol and mineral contents; and CIE L*a*b* colour parameters were evaluated. After the multiplication stage, the explants were transferred to MS medium (control); MS + 20 ppm chitosan with a molecular weight of 3.33 kDa (CH3.33); MS + 6 mg l–1 nAg; MS + 100 μM l–1 copper sulfate (CuSO4); MS+20 ppm CH3.33+100 μM l–1 CuSO4; or MS + 6 mg l–1 nAg + 100 μM l–1 CuSO4. The results indicated that while CuSO4 or CuSO4-nAg solutions inhibited growth traits, CH3.33 stimulated growth, particularly shoot production, and plants treated with CH3.33 exhibited better developed roots and a higher fresh mass. Additionally, CH3.33 alleviated the negative effects of CuSO4 on the proline, MDA and total polyphenol contents in tomato plants. Moreover, tomato explants exhibited greener leaves, while those treated with nAg and CuSO4 showed decreased colour values. CH3.33 or nAg positively influenced the mineral content of tomato leaves under heavy metal stress. This study underscores the complex interactions between growth medium components on tomato plant growth, physiology and the mineral content, highlighting the potential of chitosan in mitigating heavy metal stress in tomato plants.

Isolation and characterization of alginate producing Azotobacter sp, isolated from rhizospheric soil of Oryza sativa (L.) and Triticum aestivum (L.)

Alginate as biopolymer consisting of β-D Mannuronic acid and α-L Guluronic acid monomer residues linked by (1-4) glycosidic bond. Brown seaweeds mostly Laminaria sp, Ascophyllum nodosum, Eclonia maxima, Sargassum sp. and Macrocystis pyrifera were earlier used for commercial alginate production. Major drawback of using sea weeds for alginate production were high production cost, impurity issue and safety concerns includes the reasons behind discovery of novel bacterial sources to make an efficient alginate production system. Later two bacterial genera Pseudomonas and Azotobacter were reported for alginate production. However, due to pathogenicity, and quality issue associated with some Pseudomonas strains, Azotobacter sp. was found to be most reliable and prioritized bacterial sources for alginate production with appreciable qualities which will be ready to be used for industrial applications. Therefore, current research aims to isolate and characterize a new strain of Azotobacter sp. with alginate-producing ability. Two different soil samples were collected from two places Deokali and Parsurampur, Jaunpur district in the spring (06 August 2022) and winter (06 February, 2023) seasons from Oryza sativa and Triticum aestivum rhizospheric region respectively. Azotobacter sp. was isolated by using Nitrogen Free Burk’s medium and alginate production was confirmed by gel formation assay method in the presence of CuSO4 and CaCl2 solutions. The carbohydrate qualitative test was done by using Molisch’s Test. Two novel strains Azotobacter chroococcum PU-RSD01 and Azotobacter chroococcum PU-RSD02 were isolated on the basis of high alginate producing ability. Morphological, biochemical and molecular techniques further characterized the isolates.

Real-time detection of cerebral edema in mice based on low-field nuclear magnetic resonance

Cerebral edema is a secondary symptom of several conditions, including stroke, liver, failure, and severe craniocerebral injury. This study aimed to propose a Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (LF-NMR) method for rapid and nondestructive measurement of brain water content and water phase state evaluating animal brain edema models. The water transverse relaxation time (T2) distribution in brain tissues was ascertained by measuring the T2 spectrograms of mouse brain tissues following various drying durations, in accordance with the shifting law of T2 peaks. A methodological study was carried out for the determination of water content in mouse brain tissue by the LF-NMR Peak Area (LF-NMR-PA) method using CuSO4 solution as standard solution. This method was studied in comparison with the wet/dry weight method and the Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) prediction method in normal and MCAO model mice, and further applied to the study of mannitol treatment of cerebral edema to validate the precision and accuracy of the hydration measurements as well as the method’s impact on subsequent experiments of cerebral infarct area measurement. In the T2 spectra of mouse brain tissues, the separate peaks T21 (0–10 ms), T22 (10–100 ms), and T23 (100–1000 ms) correspond to fat and bound water, water, and free water in brain tissue, respectively. The LF-NMR-PA method had good specificity, linearity, precision, stability, reproducibility, and recovery. The accuracy and range of use of the LF-NMR-PA method were better than those of the PLSR method, and its results were not significantly different from those of the wet/dry weight method. However, the short measurement time of the LF-NMR-PA method ensured the integrity of the tissues, and the determination of the moisture by this method did not have a significant effect on the subsequent determination of the area of cerebral infarction, which ensured the consistency of the experimental results.

Fungal-mediated synthesis of copper nanoparticles for effective management of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

Meeting the escalating demand for food presents a challenge, necessitating the inevitable use of chemical pesticides to ensure a sufficient level of food production. However, these pesticides, have drawbacks and can adversely affect non-target organisms and the environment. Nanoparticles for disease management offer a powerful solution, bringing numerous benefits such as enhanced efficacy, minimized pesticide use, reduced impact on the environment, etc. In the present study, the supernatant of two fungi, Fusarium verticillioides and Bipolaris maydis were used for copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) synthesis. A 5 mM CuSO4 solution was used as a precursor and the reaction was carried out at an optimized pH of 8.5 in dark conditions.The shift in the reaction mixture's colour from light blue to yellowish-green and reddish-brown with F. verticillioides and B. maydis supernatant, respectively, preliminarily confirmed particle size reduction. Characterization of fungal-mediated synthesized CuNPs (FM-CuNPs) using transmission electron microscope measured the size of 8.62-52 nm and 27.96 to 65 nm by employing F. verticillioides and B.maydis, respectively, with a spherical shape. Dynamic light scattering measured the hydrodynamic size of FM-CuNPs 141.8 nm and 170.2 nm with zeta potential of -19.5 mV and -22.5 mV, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the presence of functional groups such as amines, amides, and OH groups speculated to have a pivotal role in the reduction and stabilization of particle. Additionally, the in vitro evaluation efficacy of FM-CuNPs against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae exhibited a significant inhibition zone starting from 100 microgram ml (1.70 cm) as compared to control. The study demonstrates the -1 remarkable efficacy of FM-CuNPs synthesized for the first time using two aforesaid fungal species. . KEYWORDS :Bipolaris maydis, CuNPs, Fusarium verticillioides, Management, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae

Eco-Friendly Electrosynthesis of Cu-PANI-Pencil Composite: Enhanced Their Current Value, Acid Sensing, Click Chemistry and Turn On-Off Sunlight Photo-Catalytical H2O2 Activation.

In this contribution, we report a straightforwardly and easily one-step synthesis of a small family of composites based in polyaniline grafted on HB2 graphite (PANI@UG) and their copper-doped derivatives (Cu50PANI@UG5-6). The PANI@UG composites were synthesized through electrochemical polymerization using cyclic voltammetry (CV) in three different acidic media: i) acetic acid (AcOH) at high and low concentration (12 and 1 M, using KCl as electrolytic support); ii) a mixture of AcOH and sulfuric acid (H2SO4, which have two roles: as electrolytic support and proton source) and iii) a mixture of acetonitrile (NCCH3) and H2SO4, under atmospheric conditions. Once the best conditions were achieved, our next step was focused on obtaining the Cu50PANI@UG5-6 composites using a solution of aniline and CuSO4 (50 mM) in AcOH:H2SO4 and NCCH3:H2SO4 solutions, respectively. All composites were characterized by CV, FT-IR, SEM and MALDI-TOF experiments. So, the current value was enhanced for the Cu50PANI@UG6 composite, which have three potential catalytical applications in: i) HClO4 acid sensing, ii) click chemistry and iii) sunlight drive photo-activation of H2O2.

Copper metallization of carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy polymer composites by surface activation and electrodeposition

The application of polymer metallization in lightweight and high-strength materials for the sporting goods, automotive, aerospace and construction sectors has attracted considerable attention. The present study aims to deposit a thin, uniform copper (Cu) layer on an epoxy‑carbon fiber (epoxy-Cf) composite material for lightweight, high-frequency radio reflector applications (Ka-Band and higher frequencies) required in space missions. In this work, a surface-activated electroplating technique in which the surface of the substrate is activated with a Sn/Ag system, followed by conventional electroplating is studied. Surface activation deposits layers of conducting metal ions on the surface of the epoxy-Cf composite, which significantly improves the electrical conductivity of the composite surface. The subsequent electrodeposition takes place from a CuSO4 solution with a pH value of 4 at three different current density values of 0.05 A/dm2, 0.5 A/dm2 and 1 A/dm2. The presence and abundance of metallic Cu over epoxy-Cf composite were confirmed by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The morphology and elemental composition of the coating were characterized by scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy. With current density and coating thickness, morphology of the deposit changed from cauliflower-like to spherical along with grain refinement. Microhardness test shows a hardness of 330 HV and the pull-off adhesion test gave a bond strength of 1.69 MPa for 27.56 μm thick copper deposit. A major challenge encountered during the deposition of Cu is the oxidation of the metal followed by immediate tarnishing. This issue has been effectively addressed by employing benzotriazole solution as a protective agent.

Influencing mechanisms of C content and aging treatment on intergranular corrosion sensitivity of 316 stainless steel weld metals

For analyzing the intergranular corrosion sensitivity of 316 stainless steel weld metals with different C contents, the intergranular corrosion behaviors of the weld metals under as-welded and different as-aged states were evaluated by both the H2SO4–CuSO4 solution corrosion method and the double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation method, respectively. The results indicate that after long term aging treatment at 550 °C, the δ ferrite in high C weld metal has a higher transformation fraction than that in low C weld metal, which results in a higher intergranular corrosion sensitivity for high C weld metal. However, after the long term aging treatment at 600 °C, the δ ferrite in high C weld metal transforms completely in the early stage aging, and with increasing of the aging time, the desensitization process occurs in the Cr-poor region of high C weld metal, which improves the intergranular corrosion resistance, and results in a higher intergranular corrosion sensitivity for low C weld metal. Therefore, under the service environment of considering the intergranular corrosion performance of the weld metal, the welding material with the appropriate C content should be selected according to the service temperature.

Low-cost visible spectrophotometer for detecting absorption and emission in metallic blends of colorful samples solution

The innovative, affordable assembled visible spectrophotometer employed in this study aims to analyze the absorption and emission of colorful metallic blends of colorful samples solution. It features a tungsten white light bulb source, an ammeter as a detection element, a digital voltmeter, a diffraction grating for light dispersion, a converging lens for light collimation, and filters of various wavelengths (blue, red, yellow, and yellow-green). The light bulb source was powered by a standard supply set at 6 V. Using metallic solutions of chromium chloride (CrCl3) and copper sulphate (CuSO4) with different filter wavelengths, the performance was assessed. The transmittance and absorbance of these metallic solution samples exhibit a linear relationship with approximately 3 % deviation compared to results from a commercial UV–VIS spectrophotometer (DR-6000). Similar investigations were conducted with equivalent quantities of CuSO4, CrCl3, and nickel chloride (NiCl2) solutions, showing a discrepancy ranging from 2 % to 8 % when compared with the commercial UV–VIS spectrophotometer. Therefore, in low-income countries like Ethiopia, colorful metallic solution samples can be effectively analyzed using the newly designed low-cost spectrophotometer.

Preparation of the Porous Copper Foil Current Collector for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries by Electro-Codeposition: Effect of Stirring Speed

As an indispensable component of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the application of porous copper (Cu) foil current collector is an effective method to improve the performance and energy density of LIBs. In this work, a porous Cu (PCu) foil was fabricated by acid washing the Cu-Fe3O4 foil prepared by the electro-codeposition in a stirred CuSO4 solution containing the magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The effect of the stirring speed on the properties of PCu foils and the battery performance of PCu foil as current collectors were investigated. The surface roughness of the PCu foil increases, while its volume density decreases as the stirring speed rises. The volume density of PCu foil (6.63 g cm−3) prepared at 400 rpm (PCu400) is reduced by 22.4% than that of the commercial Cu foil (8.55 g cm−3). The specific capacity (241.2 mAh g−1) of the cell with PCu400 current collector is 31.3% higher than that of the cell with commercial Cu current collector (183.7 mAh g−1) after 300 charge-discharge cycles at 2 C. The electro-codeposition of porous Cu foil current collectors offers a promising method for high-performance lightweight LIBs.

Experimental study of copper contamination in mechanical properties of residual soil under different concentration

Abstract Industrialization in modern society comes along with soil degradation and heavy metal pollution. The presence of heavy metals changes the geotechnical properties of soils, risking the sites with the possibility of contaminated soil. Heavy metal contaminants might alter the mechanical properties and soil behaviour leading to the effects on the structural integrity. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the mechanical properties of residual soil samples contaminated with different concentrations of copper. Disturbed residual soils were induced with copper in controlled environment. Six samples were prepared, including a control sample consisting of a CuSO4 solution with a spectrum of concentrations ranging from 0 mg/L to 4000 mg/L, with interval 500 mg/L. The results of the experiment revealed that increasing the concentration led to an increase in the maximum dry density, while the optimum moisture content showed an opposite response. The increase in copper concentration resulted in a dynamic shift in the plastic limit, a decrease in the liquid limit and pH, making the soil naturally acidic. The output shows aid in the development of appropriate soil management strategies and remediation techniques to mitigate the adverse effects of copper contamination on soil quality and environmental sustainability.

Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using Polyalthia longifolia Roots and their Bioactivities Against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans.

The synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) has been the center of researchers' attention due to their potential in various fields, particularly in medicine and pharmacy. The objective of this research was to synthesize CuNPs by using the extract from Polyalthia longifolia roots via an organic solvent-free approach. The roots of P. longifolia were extracted using boiling water and subsequently used to synthesize CuNPs from CuSO4 solution. The resultant nanoparticles were then characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Kirby-Bauer sensitivity test was performed against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. In the results, we found that the total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of the extract were 85.43 GAE/g dry extract and 0.78 QE/g dry extract, respectively. The characterizations revealed that the obtained nanoparticles possess a spherical shape and diameters of around 2 to 10 nm. The XRD suggests that the nanoparticles were occupied by copper (0) and copper oxides (CuO, CuO2, and Cu2O). The synthesized CuNPs yielded inhibition zones of 17.2 ± 0.2, 15.6 ± 0.2, and 13.7 ± 0.1 mm against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans, respectively. In conclusion, aqueous extract from the roots of P. longifolia can be used to synthesize CuNPs that could be used as an antibacterial and antifungal agent.

Cu-II-directed self-assembly of fullerenols to ameliorate copper stress in maize seedlings

Widespread use of copper-based agrochemical may cause copper excessive accumulation in agricultural soil to seriously threaten crop production. Recently, fullerenols are playing important roles in helping crops build resistance to abiotic stresses by giving ingenious and successful resolutions. However, there is a lack of knowledge on their beneficial effects in crops under stresses induced by heavy metals. Herein, the visual observation of Cu2+-mediated assembly of fullerenols via electrostatic and coordination actions was carried out in vitro, showing that water-soluble nanocomplexes and water-insoluble cross-linking nanohybrids were selectively fabricated by precisely adjusting feeding ratios of fullerenols and CuSO4. Furthermore, maize simultaneous exposure of fullerenols and CuSO4 solutions was tested to investigate the comparative effects of seed germination and seedling growth relative to exposure of CuSO4 alone. Under moderate Cu2+ stresses (40 and 80 μM), fullerenols significantly mitigated the detrimental effects of seedlings, including phenotype, root and shoot elongation, biomass accumulation, antioxidant capacity, and Cu2+ uptake and copper transporter-related gene expressions in roots. Under 160 μM of Cu2+ as a stressor, fullerenols also accelerated germination of Cu2+-stressed seeds eventually up to the level of the control. Summarily, fullerenols can enhance tolerance of Cu2+-stressed maize mainly due to direct detoxification through fullerenol-Cu2+ interactions restraining the Cu2+ intake into roots and reducing free Cu2+ content in vivo, as well as fullerenol-maize interactions to enhance resistance by maintaining balance of reactive oxygen species and optimizing the excretion and transport of Cu2+. This will unveil valuable insights into the beneficial roles of fullerenols and its mechanism mode in alleviating heavy metal stress on crop plants.

Key indicators of beef safety and quality as important aspects of conservation

Meat cattle breeding should develop in Ukraine as a priority and independent industry to meet beef needs. The meat industry has enormous potential and, as the most promising and attractive, will take a dominant place in the structure of the domestic food industry in the coming years. Beef is one of the most essential elements of the human diet. It contains complete proteins and animal fats, biologically active substances, mineral elements, and vitamins. The most important feature of food products is their quality and safety indicators, that is, the absence of substances harmful to the consumer's health and pathogens of infectious and invasive diseases. In this regard, veterinary and sanitary expertise and product safety control are of particular importance, as they are necessary to ensure the health of the population of Ukraine. Improving the quality of meat and meat products is a primary task in modern conditions. The implementation of this task depends not only on agricultural but also on processing enterprises. The article presents materials on the study of critical indicators of the safety and quality of beef. The study was carried out as part of the research work of the Department of Normal and Pathological Morphology, hygiene, and Expertise: “Monitoring the content of toxic substances in drinking water, feed and their impact on the body of cattle and the quality and safety of products”, state registration number – 0120U101318. The material for the research was the slaughter products of domestic animals, such as cattle, which were supplied to enterprises in the city of Zhytomyr. Pre-slaughter inspection and veterinary-sanitary examination of carcasses and their slaughter products of cattle was carried out following the “Rules of pre-slaughter veterinary examination of animals and veterinary-sanitary examination of meat and meat products”. The study aims to determine the safety and quality indicators of beef obtained in the conditions of meat processing enterprises of the Zhytomyr region. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive survey of beef safety and quality indicators was conducted. As a result of the tests, it was established that the pH level of the meat was 5.7–6.1. Carrying out the reaction with a 5 % solution of CuSO4 in the broth showed that the broth was transparent. A positive response to peroxidase was also detected. The safety parameters corresponded to regulatory documents. Careful control of the safety and quality of beef at every stage of production, starting from the rearing of animals and up to the sale of the product, guarantees a high degree of consumer protection.

Degrade Methyl Orange by Combining Cu2O/Al2O3 and H2O2 as Catalyst

To efficiently degrade printing and dyeing wastewater at low costs, Cu2O/Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by electrochemical method. Under its combined action with H2O2, photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange solution, as simulated wastewater, was carried out. With the aid of X-ray diffractometer, X-ray microanalysis system and scanning electron microscope, the structure and composition of catalyst film were designed by adjusting the electrochemical parameters, and the performance of photocatalyst was evaluated by the degradation rate of methyl orange. It was found that after anodizing aluminum alloy for 2 h in a 2 mol/L H2SO4 solution under a voltage of 15 V, alumina film with reasonable pore size distribution could be prepared on the alloy surface. By electroplating the film in a 0.01 mol/L CuSO4 solution at 5°C, and then hydrothermally treating it at 200°C, the Cu2O/Al2O3 photocatalyst could be obtained. The prepared Cu2O/Al2O3 and 10% H2O2 were used jointly as photocatalyst to degrade 10 mg/L methyl orange solution for 480 min, which achieved a methyl orange degradation rate of up to 82.1%.

Coiling of Secondary Tubes Formed from the Colloidal Exhaust of Primary Chemical Gardens.

Chemical gardens are self-organized precipitate structures such as thin-walled tubes and membrane-bound cells reminiscent of biological shapes. These usually inorganic precipitates compartmentalize the reaction system and allow the study of materials synthesis in very steep concentration gradients. We create such tubes by steadily injecting a mixture of MnCl2 and CuSO4 solutions into a large reservoir of sodium silicate solution. The growing tube is open at its tip and ejects a stream of colloidal particles that aggregate to form a secondary tube above the original one. This secondary tube can coil into a tightly wound nest-like structure, freely suspended underneath the solution-air interface. Using three-dimensional image reconstruction, we analyze the onset of coiling and show that the structure is helical with a helix radius that increases in the vertical direction. The height at which the coiling begins is lowered with each successive repeat of the growth experiment, suggesting that coiling is induced by small variations in the density of the silicate solution.

Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Nanoparticles with Bioreductor Carica Dieng (Carica pubescens) Seed Extract

Secondary metabolite compounds in plants act as bioreductors in the metal reduction process and complement inorganic reductants. This study studied the characteristics of copper nanoparticles using Carica Dieng (Carica pubescens) seed extract. The synthesis of copper nanoparticles was carried out using the green synthesis method by reducing CuSO4 10 mM with distilled water extract from Carica Dieng (Carica pubescens) seeds. The Synthesis was carried out with the ratio of the composition of the extract and CuSO4 solution 1:3 at pH 10. Nanoparticles were then characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and PSA (Particle Size Analyzer) instruments. The characterization results using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer showed a maximum absorption peak at a wavelength of 535 nm; the wavelength is included in the wavelength range of copper nanoparticles, which ranges from 500-700 nm. The particle size distribution analyzed using PSA shows an average size of 14.49 nm; this size is included in the range of nanoparticle sizes, which is between 1-100 nm, thus proving that nanoparticles have been successfully formed, the Poly Dispersity Index (PDI) value obtained is 0.1943 which indicates that the nanoparticle sample is categorized as homogeneous so that it has uniform size uniformity.

Treatment of wastewater from textile factories using modified bentonite

The modern textile industry uses large quantities of water and produces significant volumes of wastewater at various stages of production. This especially applies to the dyeing stages and fabrics processing. In the wastewater of the OJSC “S.M. Kirov Spinning and Thread Combine” significant excesses were revealed in almost all studied indicators, except for calcium and nitrites. The excess of Cu2+ copper ions reaches 800 times. Laboratory studies of the effectiveness of sorption materials with respect to Cu2+ ions were carried out using model solutions of CuSO4∙5H2O. Research has made it possible to establish bentonite, granulated, calcined at a temperature of 550 °C and hydrophobized, as the most effective adsorbent. A comparative analysis of models of adsorption of Cu2+ ions on hydrophobized bentonite showed compliance of the adsorption process by to the Freundlich model (R2 = 0.978). A technological scheme of a local water purification station for a textile enterprise has been proposed, including a two-component adsorption filter loaded with bentonite, granulated, calcined at a temperature of 550 °C and hydrophobized.

Camellia sinensis Assisted Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles (CuONPs) and Assessment of Its Antioxidant Activity and Zebrafish Embryonic Toxicology Evaluation.

- Camellia sinensis,or oolong tea, is a partially fermented version of tea used in Asian countries. The remarkable reduction activity of the tea extract can potentially be used for synthesizing nanoparticles. Recently,Camellia sinensishas gained popularity for the formulation of some metal nanoparticles. Aim To formulate green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) mediated byCamellia sinensis(oolong tea) and assess its cytotoxicity and antioxidant properties. Materials & Methods Oolong tea extract is prepared and added to CuSO4 solution to synthesize CuO nanoparticles (CuONPs). The centrifugation pellet of CuONPs is collected and subjected to DPPH (2,2 - diphenyl -1- picrylhydrazyl hydrate)and H2O2 assays. The cytotoxicity screening is performed using zebrafish embryos. Results The reducing activity of oolong tea successfully synthesizes the copper nanoparticles. High values are obtained in DPPH (63% inhibition at 10µL concentration, 73% inhibition at 20µL, 80% at 30µL, 85% at 40µL and 90% at 50µL concentrations) and H2O2 (50% inhibition at 10µL concentration, 65% at 20µL, 68% at 30µL, 75% at 40µL and 80% at 50µL concentrations) assays. There are no morphological deformities in the zebrafish and no loss of cell viability or delayed hatching at low concentrations (below 4-8 µL), as shown by the viable embryos with no morphological deformities. Conclusion The study has evidenced high antioxidant activity and minimal cytotoxicity of CuO nanoparticles produced usingCamellia sinensis, thus proving it to be a good biomaterial for a wide range of biological applications.

Pemanfaatan Eceng Gondok sebagai Adsorben dengan Perlakuan Awal untuk Menurunkan Kadar Logam Berat Cu

Industri kimia yang dalam prosesnya menggunakan katalis tembaga ataupun garam tembaga biasanya dalam limbah yang dibuang ke lingkungan juga akan terikut logam berat tembaga (Cu). Mengingat bahaya yang ditimbulkan oleh logam berat tembaga, maka dilakukan upaya untuk mengurangi kadar limbah tembaga di perairan. Salah satu metode yang dapat mengatasi kelebihan logam Cu adalah dengan proses adsorpsi. Proses adsorpsi memiliki banyak keuntungan, diantaranya dalam pengadaan media lebih ekonomis dan tidak men-imbulkan efek samping yang beracun. Tanaman Eceng gondok merupakan tanaman yang memiliki kandungan karbon cukup tinggi, sehingga tanaman eceng gondok berpotensi untuk dijadikan bahan baku pembuatan karbon aktif. Penelitian ini akan memeplejarari pembuatan eceng godondok sebagai karbon aktif. Proses dalam pembu-atan karbon aktif diawali dengan memasak eceng gondok dengan larutan NaOH untuk meningkatkan jumlah selulosa sebagai bahan utama pembutan karbon aktif. Kemudian eceng gondok dikeringkan dan dijadikan ser-buk. Selanjutnya serbuk eceng gondok diaktivasi dengan HCl. Proses uji adsorben dilakukan dengan menam-bahkan karbon aktif pada larutan CuSO4 dengan variabel konsentrasi 2 M, 2.4M, 2.8 M, 3.2 M, 3.6 M dan waktu pengontakkan 25, 35, 50, 65, 80 menit. Hasil analisa dari metode spektrofotometri serapan atom (AAS) bahwa semakin besar konsentrasi dan waktu pengontakan maka semakin tinggi effesiensi penyerapan karbon konsentrasi aktivator 3,6 M dengan waktu pengontakan 80 menit sehingga effesiensi penyerapan Cu sebesar 42,892 %.