Current Training Programs Research Articles

Mapping Science Communication in Higher Education in Portugal: A Systematic Evidence Analysis of PhD and Master’s Programs

Science communication training plays a crucial role in enabling scientists to effectively connect with the public, emphasizing essential skills such as building trust in scientific and technological advancements. Despite significant progress, some studies show a notable deficiency in higher education (HE) institutional structures and mechanisms dedicated to science communication training, addressing a diverse audience including researchers, teachers, and science monitors. This study delves into the key characteristics of current science communication postgraduate training programs within the HE landscape of Portugal. Our analysis is based on a comprehensive examination of the curricula of five science communication doctoral programs offered by four public universities in Portugal. The research involves a meticulous review of course documents and insights gathered from five directors through a detailed questionnaire. The primary objectives of this research are to discern the specific goals pursued by each course, uncover the content and development of competencies within their curricula, and explore the market opportunities envisioned by each offering. The results underscore that these programs equip students with the necessary competencies to effectively address challenges in science communication, notably enhancing public understanding of science. Significant findings suggest that Portugal’s current higher education scenario predominantly emphasizes cultivating postgraduate training activities in authentic settings, fostering collaborative partnerships with society. This article is a foundational resource for further exploration into the discipline-specific applications of science communication, aiming to elevate academic engagement with society.

A 21st Century Principle-Based Training Approach to Psychotherapy: A Contribution to the Momentum of Transtheoretical Work.

Despite the finding that the majority of psychotherapists adopt a rather process-oriented and integrative stance, it is uncommon that psychotherapy trainings are transtheoretical and transdiagnostic. Considering principles of change that cut across different schools of therapy holds promise for developing truly research-informed psychotherapy trainings. Common principles of change may answer the question what should be trained. Another important question is how to train. In current psychotherapy training programs, transfer of theory into practice relies mainly on role-playing exercises and supervised practice, both of which have their limitations. A fantasy for the future would be the development, implementation, and evaluation of a complementary 21st century online principle-based and marker-led psychotherapy training: incorporating the concepts of deliberate practice as well as expert training, the huge potential of technologies, and considering the importance of (context) responsiveness. To illustrate this idea, we present a training that we are currently developing, an online Alliance-Focused Training.

Enhancing Drone Operator Competency within the Construction Industry: Assessing Training Needs and Roadmap for Skill Development

Industry 5.0 is expected to solve the issue of job insecurity and reluctance to adopt emerging technologies in Industry 4.0 through increased workforce participation. To achieve that, proactive training should be afforded to enable the workforce to co-work with new technologies. Drones are an emerging technology increasingly adopted in construction, which has enormous data collection and safety implications when operational skills are inadequate. Yet, current drone training programs appear to be generic, and their ability to equip operators for flying tasks is questioned. This study aims to answer this question by assessing the adequacy of existing drone training programs and proposing training needs and strategies for drone operators in the construction industry. Data collected using semi-structured interviews from 22 purposively selected respondents in Hong Kong and desk research of websites were subjected to inductive content and thematic analysis using MAXQDA Analytics Pro 2022 software and narrative review. It was deduced that drone training courses in Hong Kong were mostly generic (UAS Pilot Training—Level 1, FPV operation). Interviewees considered existing drone training/training courses as inadequate for four reasons, including “lack of context-fitting considerations”, “incompetence of drone operators”, and “lack of demand/interest”. Regarding the need for specialized drone training courses, two barriers and two training ecosystem themes emerged, with the high cost of specialized courses being a potential barrier to adoption since they could hamper enrolment. The training ecosystem themes were consistent with the “the training is inadequate” theme. This study proposes two drone operation training strategies: “competence-based training” and a “train-the-trainer” model. Drone training courses or programs under each training strategy should include (i) training content such as “safety training” and off-GPS training and (ii) knowledge and skill maintenance measures such as mandatory continuous professional development and retraining techniques. The proposed training strategies will equip operators to work efficiently and safely with drones. The study offers valuable references for training organizations and government authorities.

Dynamics of physical qualities and formation of motor skills of cadets majoring in artillery reconnaissance

The Ukraine-Russia war has shown that physical training is closely related to the nature and method of warfare, which. The combat missions of artillery reconnaissance units' personnel involve tasks that vary in terms of physical exertion, nervous tension and accuracy of solutions, which are performed in any weather, terrain and time conditions, as well as provide close interaction and continuous support with missile strikes and artillery fire to general military units and subunits. In the current training programs for cadets of military higher education institutions (HEIs) that train specialists in artillery reconnaissance units, physical training classes are planned by sections and do not have a special focus, which does not fully prepare servicemen to perform assigned tasks.
 To determine the real state of physical fitness of cadets studying in the specialty of artillery intelligence, we conducted a cross-section of physical exercise performance. The study involved 128 cadets of different years of study (first year - 31 cadets, second year - 29 cadets; third year - 34 cadets, fourth year - 34 cadets). The research was conducted in 2020 at the Hetman Petro Sahaidachnyi National Army Academy at the beginning of the academic year.
 It has been determined that the level of development of general physical qualities of cadets studying in the specialty of artillery intelligence during their studies in higher education institutions significantly improves (p<0.01), but does not meet the standards of physical education; the level of special physical fitness of cadets in the senior years of study in higher education institutions does not significantly change relative to the indicators at the beginning of the second year of study (p>0.05); the subjective opinion of the respondents determines that the level of development of their physical fitness largely depends on the initial level of development of physical qualities of servicemen (43.2-2.9%) and the availability of means of stimulation (46.1- 18.6%).

Implementation of a programmatic assessment model in radiation oncology medical physics training.

In 2019, a formal review and update of the current training program for medical physics residents/registrars in Australasia was conducted. The purpose of this was to ensure the program met current local clinical and technological requirements, to improve standardization of training across Australia and New Zealand and generate a dynamic curriculum and programmatic assessment model. A four-phase project was initiated, including a consultant desktop review of the current program and stakeholder consultation. Overarching program outcomes on which to base the training model were developed, with content experts used to update the scientific content. Finally, assessment specialists reviewed a range of assessment models to determine appropriate assessment methods for each learning outcome, creating a model of programmatic assessment. The first phase identified a need for increased standardized assessment incorporating programmatic assessment. Seven clear program outcome statements were generated and used to guide and underpin the new curriculum framework. The curriculum was expanded from the previous version to include emerging technologies, while removing previous duplication. Finally, a range of proposed assessments for learning outcomes in the curriculum were generated into the programmatic assessment model. These new assessment methods were structured to incorporate rubric scoring to provide meaningful feedback. An updated training program for Radiation Oncology Medial Physics registrars/residents was released in Australasia. Scientific content from a previous program was used as a foundation and revised for currency with the ability to accommodate a dynamic curriculum model. A programmatic model of assessment was created after comprehensive review and consultation. This new model of assessment provides more structured, ongoing assessment throughout the training period. It contains allowances for local bespoke assessment, and guidance for supervisors by the provision of marking templates and rubrics.

To Assess the Efficacy of Current Training Programs in the Private and Public Security Sectors and Their Impact on Partnership in the Provision of Security in Nairobi County, Kenya

Interactions between the public and private security sectors were crucial in maintaining public safety in Nairobi County, Kenya, under the framework of security services. The purpose of this research was to assess how successful previous training programs were in bringing together public and private security agencies to provide better protection for the public. Combining qualitative and quantitative techniques, the research process was all-encompassing. Primary data were acquired through the distribution of questionnaires and interviews, and secondary data were sourced from a variety of other sources. The data collection was centered around Nairobi County because of its ever-changing security scene, which reflects the wide range of activities and difficulties encountered by the two security sectors. In order to evaluate the gathered data, statistical analysis was performed using software like SPSS. An examination of previous training programs and how they impacted the formation of a partnership between public and private security agencies was the primary goal of the study. The research sought to refine training programs to improve collaboration and partnership between the public and commercial security sectors by analyzing previous efforts and their strengths and shortcomings. Policymakers, security agencies, and training institutes can all benefit from this study's results, which should lead to a better coordinated and efficient security strategy in Nairobi County. In addition to achieving the short-term goal of assessing training programs, this study paved the way for longer-term conversations on strengthening security partnerships in Kenya. This study laid the groundwork for future research in this important field and helped improve safety and security measures in Nairobi County by illuminating the connection between good training and collaborative security provision.

Analyzing the training of PAs in ophthalmology.

This study sought to determine the role of physician associates/assistants (PAs) in ophthalmology, the balance between barriers and facilitators in training, and optimal training for PAs in ophthalmology. In this explanatory qualitative case study, 17 of the 94 PAs in ophthalmology in the United States participated in qualitative, semistructured interviews. Qualitative interviews were conducted using a validated interview guide. Interpretational data analysis methods helped in the development of various themes. Themes suggest that PAs play a unique role in assisting ophthalmologists in surgery, performing procedures autonomously, and evaluating and treating patients autonomously. PAs in ophthalmology reported current training programs as unfavorable, reported satisfaction in their careers, and identified formal postgraduate training programs as optimal training for PAs. Findings of this study suggest that formal postgraduate training programs can help PAs gain the necessary skills to successfully fulfill their roles in ophthalmology.

Ethical Awareness and Practices Among Emergency Department Personnel in Riyadh's Tertiary Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Ethical dilemmas in healthcare, particularly in emergency medical services (EMS), present significant challenges for healthcare workers (HCWs), necessitating a profound understanding of ethics and decision-making. This study assesses the ethical awareness and practices among HCWs in emergency departments of tertiary hospitals in Saudi Arabia, aiming to identify areas of strength and opportunities for improvement. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 256 HCWs, including physicians, nurses, and administrative staff, in emergency departments across tertiary hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire evaluated participants' knowledge of healthcare ethics, their experiences with ethical dilemmas, and the sources from which they derived their ethical understanding. The majority of participants exhibited a commendable level of ethical knowledge and practice, with frequent encounters of ethical or legal issues highlighting the pervasive nature of ethical challenges in emergency healthcare settings. Key sources of ethical knowledge included experiential learning and academic lectures, with a notable emphasis on practical experience. Despite the satisfactory level of ethical awareness, areas requiring further educational focus were identified, emphasizing the need for enhanced ethics training tailored to the emergency medical context. The findings underline the critical importance of incorporating ethics into the core of healthcare education and ongoing professional development for HCWs. Establishing a culture of continuous ethical dialogue and learning is essential for fostering patient-centered care and making informed ethical decisions in the fast-paced environment of emergency services. The study advocates for revising current ethics training programs to ensure they are comprehensive, relevant, and accessible, preparing HCWs to effectively address both current and future ethical challenges.

학부모의 교권 침해 상황에서 나타난 학교장 리더십 분석 -서이초 교사 사건 이후 신문기사와 FGI를 중심으로-

To investigate principals’leadership role and its relevance in school situation in conflict, this study analyzes news articles regarding school principals and interviews with a group of experienced teachers, and identifies some concrete contents of leaderships working on the school sites. Firstly, this study reviews increasing school conflicts by parents’demand for and dissatisfaction with teachers, the leadership roles by principals, and current principal selection institution and training programs and confirms that within current system, it is difficult to form effective and capable leadership to solve conflict democratically and efficiently in school situations. Secondly, this study search news articles for two months from July 18 to september 17 using the Korea Press Foundation's Big Kinds (www.bigkinds.com) service and find 217 articles related to the terms 'teacher rights' and 'principal'. After discussion, 14 articles and 22 cases were extracted and analyzed and a few distinctive leadership types are found such as avoiding responsibility, scolding teacher involved for responsibility, decisions pending, positive conflict mediation type, and proactive communication type. Thirdly, through focus group interview, we check how these kinds of leadership work on school-sites. Based on this analysis, we conclude that further researches and public discourse on leadership formation and principals’ selection and training are required.

Perfusion education and training in Europe anno 2023.

Background: In the absence of uniform European regulations, there have been many differences in the training of perfusionists across Europe. Furthermore, there has been no uniform or single European accreditation of the profession. One of the objectives of The European Board of Cardiovascular Perfusion (EBCP) is to standardise and monitor training of perfusionists across Europe whilst offering support in accordance with national regulations. This goal is particularly imminent as there have been numerous newly founded National perfusion societies, particularly from Eastern European countries, which are now established members of EBCP.Purpose: In this article, we provide an updated overview or'snapshot'of current European perfusion training programs that were accessible in 2022. Nationally acquired data refers to 2022unless stated otherwise. The last overview of Perfusion education in Europe was reported over 15 years ago including 20 countries.Research Design: For this report thirty-two national EBCP delegates plus representatives from Austria were contacted at the beginning of 2023 to complete a pro forma questionnaire about their national perfusion training programmes. The data has been summarized in this article and five additional derived parameters were calculated.Results: We received responses from 31 countries, providing specific national training characteristics which are summarized, listed and benchmarked by country in this article.Conclusion: There have been several national and supranational initiatives towards the recognition of perfusion as a profession in Europe, however so far without success for the majority of countries. For this reason, it remains essential for EBCP, as the only European professional perfusionist body, to define education standards and competencies for perfusionists and to monitor training by accreditation of dedicated perfusion schools across Europe.

Evaluating the impact of attachment and trauma training for children’s social care teams

Embedding attachment- and trauma-informed knowledge and skills throughout the services that support children and families who have experienced developmental trauma is vital to meeting the needs of this population. The current pilot study provides provisional data regarding the impact of training delivered by the Gwent Attachment Service to increase awareness and use of attachment- and trauma-informed working across social care teams within Gwent. The training package comprised two-days’ training plus six skill development sessions (SDS) delivered to 274 staff within 21 social care teams within Gwent. Staff self-rated their knowledge of, confidence in, and worries about working in an attachment- and trauma-informed way at three time points; pre-training, post-training and post-skill sessions. Statistical analyses revealed significant increases in staff knowledge and confidence pre-post training, plus a significant decrease in worries pre-post training. Whilst a significant decrease in knowledge and confidence, and significant increase in worries was seen between post-training to post-SDS, the final post-SDS ratings remained significantly improved compared to pre-training. Whilst preliminary given the current study limitations, such findings suggest that the current training and SDS programme successfully improved and maintained knowledge, confidence and level of worry regarding attachment- and trauma-informed working. They also demonstrate the feasibility of National Health Service-based teams delivering such training to improve the service offered to children and families affected by developmental trauma, in keeping with the values of prudent healthcare and taking a whole-systems approach to addressing the needs of this population.

The Efficacy of the Current ADHD Training Programs in Saudi General Education Elementary Schools: A Systematic Review

AbstractWe conducted a systematic review to estimate the efficacy of current attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) training programs delivered to general education elementary school teachers (GEESTs) in Saudi Arabia and understand how well Saudi GEESTs are prepared to work with students with ADHD. OneSearch@IU and Google Scholar were used to search for relevant studies. The included studies were published in peer-reviewed journals between 2013 and 2023, written in English or Arabic, addressed GEESTs and students with ADHD, and reported on GEESTs’ ADHD knowledge, use of effective strategies for students with ADHD, and/or judgments about the ADHD training programs. Data were extracted and synthesized independently by the two authors based on content analysis and predefined inclusion criteria. Overall, Saudi GEESTs’ knowledge of ADHD was inadequate. Differences in teachers' ADHD knowledge might be attributed to different factors such as age, gender, years of teaching experience, and training related to ADHD. The current ADHD training programs directed toward the Saudi GEESTs increased ADHD knowledge. However, the satisfaction level of GEESTs regarding the ADHD training programs they received was not high. The present ADHD training programs provided to GEESTs in Saudi Arabia did not satisfy teachers and impacted the application of effective strategies to teach students with ADHD. As such, these programs must be improved to better consider teachers’ needs.

The Using of the Metaverse in the Field of Education and Training in Police Colleges

Objectives: The study addresses the possibility of using Metaverse technology in the fields of education and training in police colleges. The Metaverse has been highlighted as the future of education and training. Methods: The study adopted a dual approach that entailed reviewing 13 studies and conducting a survey to collect qualitative data on metaverse use. Results: The results and analysis of the study showed that there is a high desire to use the metaverse, and that the current education and training programs in police institutions need to be developed to keep pace with the current technological reality. The metaverse can also be applied in police institutions in a way that enhances police education, sports training, military training, professional applications, and management. Data and records. Conclusions: The study recommends adopting the metaverse in police institutions, conducting a comprehensive assessment of metaverse risks, and rigorous training for teachers in police institutions.

Program evaluation of postgraduate obstetrics and gynecology training in Lao people’s democratic republic - using the CIPP model

BackgroundThe obstetrics and gynaecology (OB-GYN) residency training program in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR) began in 2003 based on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and ‘Reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health interventions (RMNCH) strategies and action plan’. However, the training program had not been properly evaluated previously. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the current postgraduate OB-GYN residency training program in Lao PDR by using CIPP model to identify the current problems (the strengths and weaknesses) and suggest a future plan to promote continuous improvement.MethodThe context, input, process, and product classification (CIPP) model was used to develop criteria and indicators. A mixed-methods approach was used for this study. To capture instructional material for quantitative analysis, a Google survey with 38 items and a t-test were used to determine a significant difference in responses between residents and lecturers (N = 120). Based on qualitative analysis, an in-depth interview was done (four questions based on study outcomes, including satisfaction, strengths and weaknesses, and future opportunities), and six interviews provided different viewpoints on the course. The SPSS software program was used to measure validity, with p-values = 0.05.ResultsThe overall average response rate was 97.5%. Two significant differences in program perspectives were revealed between lecturers and residents, difficulties in maintaining the course (professors 3.66 ± 1.03 and residents 3.27 ± 0.98, p = 0.04) and learning outcomes achieved (professors 3.57 ± 0.85 and residents 3.14 ± 0.95, p = 0.01 The overall average for the context part of the questionnaire was under 3.00, with the lowest scores for overlapped learning outcomes and difficulties in maintaining the course. The input part, lack of the classroom, skills lab and staff; the process part, lecturer to collect student opinions and the product part on learning outcomes.ConclusionCurriculum improvement based on the program evaluation results, including regular evaluation and feedback, will advance the residency training program based on the RMNCH strategy and contribute to the promotion of maternal health in the Lao PDR.

Point-of-Care Cardiac Ultrasound Training Programme: Experience from the University Hospital Hradec Králové.

Point-of-care ultrasound examinations performed by physicians of different specialties are a rapidly growing phenomenon, which has led to a worldwide effort to create a standardised approach to ultrasound examination training. The implementation of emergency echocardiography by noncardiologists is mainly aimed at the standardisation of the procedure, a structured training system, and an agreement on competencies. This article summarises the current training programmes for nonechocardiographers at the University Hospital in Hradec Králové. In cooperation with cardiologists specialised in cardiac ultrasound (ECHO), an extended acute echo protocol dedicated to emergency department physicians was developed and validated in daily practice. According to our retrospective evaluation, after one year of clinical practice, we can confirm that point-of-care ultrasound examinations performed using the standardised limited echo protocol are safe and accurate. The observed concordance with comprehensive ECHO was 78%. This trial is registered with NCT05306730.

Trainers’ Perceptions on the Development of Leadership Knowledge and Competencies on Official Union of European Football Associations Football Coach Courses

This study aims to investigate the perception of trainers on official football courses regarding the development of leadership knowledge and competencies in coaches’ teaching learning process. Understanding the Union of European Football Association trainers’ perception of the importance and role of leadership knowledge and competencies in football is fundamental in order to raise the quality in preparing future coaches. A qualitative approach was adopted by conducting semi-structured interviews with Union of European Football Association trainers in Portugal. The data were subject to content analysis using NVivo software; the following three dimensions of leadership were observed: knowledge, training, and competencies. The results revealed that trainers recognise the importance of the three dimensions analysed, emphasising the relevance of leadership competencies in improving coaches’ interventions. The trainers also highlighted the need for coaches to develop effective communication skills, the capacity to make decisions under pressure, and interpersonal skills to lead football teams efficiently. In addition, they reinforced the importance of coaches’ continuous training, encouraging them to seek learning opportunities in this field of knowledge. They suggest that coaches must be able to adapt to different contexts and learn from practical experience. These results have practical implications for football coaches’ training and development, namely the need to reflect on current training programmes.

Cooperative Training Program and Member Satisfaction in Calamba City, Laguna, Philippines

Implementing a training program was a practical relief for the government to eradicate the effect of modern economic scale on marginalized business communities like cooperatives. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Cooperative Training Program in Calamba City, providing insights into its impact on micro and small cooperative enterprises. It offered detailed feedback on member satisfaction and program outcomes, which can guide necessary improvements to meet participants' needs better. The research utilized a descriptive design and surveyed 14 CLDD employees and 64 Cooperative members operating in Calamba City through a stratified random sampling technique. Specifically, all regular employees of CLDD and Cooperative members from micro-scaled cooperative enterprises who had received the training program were selected as the research sample. Data were collected using Australian Government Standards for a community-based training program called AQTF Survey Form 2007 based on the Quality Indicator Reporting Requirements (2021) and analyzed through statistical treatments, including the simple mean, four-point Likert scale, standard deviation, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The findings show that the CLDD training program was fully implemented, with no notable difference in how CLDD employees and cooperative members rated its execution. Cooperative members expressed high satisfaction with the training, and there was a strong link between how well the program was implemented and their satisfaction levels. In line with these results, the research proposed an enhancement program to improve key areas of the current CLDD training program implementation: training resources, trainer quality, potential and service quality, and product enhancement. The goal is to enhance the overall program and increase satisfaction among cooperative members.

Nuevos tiempos, nuevos sistemas para el aprendizaje de la cirugía

The evolution from the traditional surgical tékhne to the current technological surgery is analyzed and the problems raised in this transition are specified. The educational methodology in surgery, the origin of the current surgical training programs of excellence, the problems that arise for learning new technologies, as well as the learning modalities based on simulation and virtual reality are presented. It is concluded that of all available methods, simulation is the current valid way of learning and that it is necessary to establish universal simulation programs in surgical training plans.

Fostering Cross-Cultural Excellence: Crafting A Comprehensive Peacekeeping Mission Culture Handbook with Insights from Military Experts on Mission

Military Experts on Missions (MEoMs) deployed by their respective nations for United Nations (UN) Peacekeeping missions require comprehensive training and knowledge to effectively fulfill their roles. A crucial aspect of this preparation is an intense understanding of the culture and cultural norms prevalent among the local populace in the mission area. The current training program at the Malaysian Peacekeeping Centre (MPC) falls short in this regard, as it imparts only generic cultural information. Such a broad approach proves insufficient for adequately supporting MEoMs during deployment to specific mission areas, often necessitating on-the-job learning from already deployed colleagues or through firsthand experiences. Former MEoMs emerge as valuable repositories of detailed cultural insights acquired through direct involvement in mission areas. Possessing tacit knowledge derived from their personal experiences, these individuals offer a nuanced understanding of cultural dynamics and challenges encountered in the mission locale. Failure to comprehend the local culture exposes MEoMs in UN peacekeeping missions to potential difficulties in engaging with the local population and collaborating effectively with mission attendees, including civilian personnel. Systematic extraction of this tacit knowledge through appropriate qualitative methods is imperative. The resulting insights should be disseminated among upcoming MEoMs allocated for similar mission areas, ensuring they are equipped with comprehensive information prior to deployment. This approach aims to fortify their cultural preparedness and enhance their ability to navigate and engage successfully within the diverse cultural landscapes encountered during UN Peacekeeping missions.

Systematic Framework for Esports Training: Informing eSports Training with the Learning Sciences

Intro With the rapid expansion of the esports industry, many esports training programs and academies have emerged. According to research, esports may lead to cognitive, metacognitive, academic and professional competencies if appropriately supported (Adachi & Willoughby, 2013). However, there is no systematic curriculum or guidance on how to identify and support these competencies through esports training. Methods This paper conducts a systematic review of literature from the learning sciences to provide a systematic rubric of competencies and instructional approaches to support them through esports training. The competencies that may be supported through esports are mapped along the game design principles as categorized along Mechanics, Dynamics, and Aesthetics (MDA) framework. Current training programs were analyzed to identify training approaches that can support these competencies across different contexts. Results There is a wide range of cognitive, self-regulation, social, academic, and career competencies that were found to be supported through video games. However, the development of such competencies depend on the availability of the learning opportunities and appropriate support provided to engage these opportunities, thus requiring a systematic framework for esports training. The training approaches that can be implemented to support diverse competencies from esports training, whether amateur or professional, are varied in modality, style, and structure. Conclusion The goal of this study is to inform the esports industry more largely, as well as the trainers, researchers, and designers with systematic and research-informed approaches to support future esports athletes, both professional and amateurs. Learning from the traditional field of athletic training, esports training should take more systematic approaches to design training curriculum and programs, as well as preparing the trainers.