Current System Research Articles

Drift Adaptive Online DDoS Attack Detection Framework for IoT System

Internet of Things (IoT) security is becoming important with the growing popularity of IoT devices and their wide applications. Recent network security reports revealed a sharp increase in the type, frequency, sophistication, and impact of distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks on IoT systems, making DDoS one of the most challenging threats. DDoS is used to commit actual, effective, and profitable cybercrimes. The current machine learning-based IoT DDoS attack detection systems use batch learning techniques, and hence are unable to maintain their performance over time in a dynamic environment. The dynamicity of heterogeneous IoT data causes concept drift issues that result in performance degradation and automation difficulties in detecting DDoS. In this study, we propose an adaptive online DDoS attack detection framework that detects and adapts to concept drifts in streaming data using a number of features often used in DDoS attack detection. This paper also proposes a novel accuracy update weighted probability averaging ensemble (AUWPAE) approach to detect concept drift and optimize zero-day DDoS detection. We evaluated the proposed framework using IoTID20 and CICIoT2023 dataset containing benign and DDoS traffic data. The results show that the proposed adaptive online DDoS attack detection framework is able to detect DDoS attacks with an accuracy of 99.54% and 99.33% for the respective datasets.

Introduction to the Special Issue on Perspectives on Recommender Systems Evaluation

Evaluation plays a vital role in recommender systems—in research and practice—whether for confirming algorithmic concepts or assessing the operational validity of designs and applications. It may span the evaluation of early ideas and approaches up to elaborate implementations of systems integrated into everyday product settings; it may target a wide spectrum of different factors being evaluated. In this special issue, we explore recommender systems evaluation—theory and practice—while considering a diverse set of perspectives. These include recommender systems purposes, stakeholders, methodological approaches, and consequences. The collection of articles in this special issue offers insightful analyses of current recommender system evaluation practices, acknowledging their limitations, and setting out future research directions. As recommender systems evolve, the need for adequate evaluation methods and approaches increases. This special issue sheds light on areas undergoing development or requiring added attention from the research and practitioner communities in recommender systems. The compilation serves as a call to the recommender systems research community, motivating continued research and exploration of evaluation metrics, methods, and strategies.

Perceived social mobility and system justification predict greater well‐being, but less prosocial behaviour

AbstractIn the present research, we propose that perceptions of social mobility (PSM) are beneficial for oneself but costly to others. Supporting this idea, people who were led to think that social mobility in society is probable (vs. improbable) (Study 1a/b, N = 754; Study 3a/b, N = 938) or held this belief at a dispositional level (Study 2a/b, N = 877) showed greater endorsement of system justifying beliefs, which was related to greater happiness and life satisfaction. However, the more people perceived social mobility and justified the system, the less willing they were to help others in need, and this was especially true for those who thought the current economic system was fair and legitimate. Thus, while greater perceived social mobility is related to increased personal well‐being through justification of the sociopolitical system, it predicts less desire to help others due to increased support of the economic status quo.

Surgical Navigation in the Anterior Skull Base Using 3-Dimensional Endoscopy and Surface Reconstruction

Image guidance is an important adjunct for endoscopic sinus and skull base surgery. However, current systems require bulky external tracking equipment, and their use can interrupt efficient surgical workflow. To evaluate a trackerless surgical navigation system using 3-dimensional (3D) endoscopy and simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithms in the anterior skull base. This interventional deceased donor cohort study and retrospective clinical case study was conducted at a tertiary academic medical center with human deceased donor specimens and a patient with anterior skull base pathology. Participants underwent endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal dissection and surface model reconstruction from stereoscopic video with registration to volumetric models segmented from computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging. To assess the fidelity of surface model reconstruction and accuracy of surgical navigation and surface-CT model coregistration, 3 metrics were calculated: reconstruction error, registration error, and localization error. In deceased donor models (n = 9), high-fidelity surface models of the posterior wall of the sphenoid sinus were reconstructed from stereoscopic video and coregistered to corresponding volumetric CT models. The mean (SD; range) reconstruction, registration, and localization errors were 0.60 (0.24; 0.36-0.93), 1.11 (0.49; 0.71-1.56) and 1.01 (0.17; 0.78-1.25) mm, respectively. In a clinical case study of a patient who underwent a 3D endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal resection of a tubercular meningioma, a high-fidelity surface model of the posterior wall of the sphenoid was reconstructed from intraoperative stereoscopic video and coregistered to a volumetric preoperative fused CT magnetic resonance imaging model with a root-mean-square error of 1.38 mm. The results of this study suggest that SLAM algorithm-based endoscopic endonasal surgery navigation is a novel, accurate, and trackerless approach to surgical navigation that uses 3D endoscopy and SLAM-based algorithms in lieu of conventional optical or electromagnetic tracking. While multiple challenges remain before clinical readiness, a SLAM algorithm-based endoscopic endonasal surgery navigation system has the potential to improve surgical efficiency, economy of motion, and safety.

Hydrological drought forecasts using precipitation data depend on catchment properties and human activities

Hydrological Drought Early Warning Systems play a crucial role in effective drought planning and management, as the impacts of drought are more closely associated with hydrological droughts than meteorological ones. However, current systems primarily focus on meteorological drought forecasts due to the limited access to hydrological data. Here we assess the feasibility of forecasting drought in streamflow and groundwater by solely using precipitation data. The results demonstrate that meteorological drought forecasts derived from the Standardized Precipitation Index with 6-month accumulation periods and various lag times hold the potential to predict streamflow and groundwater droughts. This study also highlights the importance of catchment properties in hydrological drought predictions. Our findings present an opportunity for developing hydrological drought early warning system globally to reach the goal of the Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction by 2030 and support the initiative of early warnings for all.

Supporting the professional sports coach in the workplace: presenting the pedagogue as the missing scientist

ABSTRACT This is a positional paper in which we consider (re)imagining the role of the pedagogue as one who is specifically employed in a multi-disciplinary team of experts that can advise the professional sports coach. Our rationale is underpinned by multiple factors including the low impact of coach education, issues with knowledge translation, and current prevailing discourses in elite sport. Consequently, we employ ethnodrama as a “way in” to explore the precarious existence of elite coaches, cohering specifically around the profligate “hiring and firing” cultures found in professional football. This enables the inquiry to highlight how the pedagogue – the missing scientist – can utilise practical solutions on the ground responding to real-world problems. Going further, we consider how this role could also become a pivotal figure of resistance to the current value system inherent within elite sport reported to jeopardise athletes’ health and wellbeing. Thus, we respond to numerous challenges replete in elite sport organisations that are attracting increasing attention.

Consumers confused 'Where to dispose biodegradable plastics?': A study of three waste streams.

Biodegradable plastics, either fossil- or biobased, are often promoted due to their biodegradability and acclaimed environmental friendliness. However, as demonstrated by previous literature, considerable confusion exists about the appropriate source separation and waste management of these plastics. Present study investigated this confusion based on manual sorting analyses of waste sampled from packaging waste (P), biowaste (B) and residual waste (R) in an urban area of Austria. The results were evaluated relative to near-infrared sensor-based sorting trials conducted in a German urban area. Although existing literature has focused on waste composition analyses (mostly in stand-alone studies) of the three waste streams, the present study focused on identifying the specific types of biodegradable plastic items found in each of these streams. Supermarket carrier bags (P = 90, B = 14, R = 33) and dustbin bags (P = 2, B = 46, R = 6) were found in all three waste streams in the Austrian urban area. Similarly, in the German urban area dustbin bags (P = 1, B = 106, R = 3) were the common items. The results indicate that certain bioplastic items were present in more than one bin; thus, hinting that consumers are not necessarily aware of how-to source-separate the biodegradable plastics. This suggests that neither consumers nor current waste management systems are fully 'adapted' to bioplastics, and the management of these plastics' waste is currently not optimal.

Voltage stability improvement and power losses reduction through multiple grid contingency supports

A stable power system is a desirable state for the optimal performance and delivery of electricity to the end-users. This study evaluates the effectiveness of grid contingency support devices in power system stability enhancement. The new voltage stability pointer (NVSP) was employed to optimally infer the flexible alternating current transmission systems devices through N − 1 contingency ranking. In this research, the static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) was considered as a grid support device. The effectiveness of this technique was validated in R2018a MATLAB with the IEEE 30-bus system using different combinable contingency cases to ascertain the critical lines and vulnerable buses to outages. Based on the results obtained through the NVSP, buses 30, 26, and 29 were cited as STATCOM candidate buses for overall optimal grid performance. The results obtained from the simulation revealed that the total real power loss was reduced by 90.21%. Similarly, the voltage magnitude of the buses was significantly improved to a minimum of 1.00 p.u. after placement of STATCOMs. Further investigation on single STATCOM placement in the IEEE 30-bus system revealed that the highest level of voltage improvement, minimum level of voltage deviation and maximum active power loss reduction was achieved when the STATCOM was placed at bus 30. The overall assessment of the proposed technique yielded better results compared with other methods on the same test system.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE CONDENSATE PUMPING SYSTEM AT THE GASOLINE SELECTIVE HYDROTREATING PLANT

The article discusses issues related to energy saving of the coolant – high, medium and low pressure water vapor in the condensate pumping system at the gasoline selective hydrotreating plant. The analysis of the current condensate pumping system is carried out and its main disadvantages are indicated. Retrofitting of the pumping system is proposed. A return line has been added and a pair of centrifugal pumps has been included in the technological scheme, a calculation has been made. The replacement of the equipment will optimize the steam consumption inside the gasoline selective hydrotreating plant and will reduce the cost of repair and maintenance of the unit, as well as electricity consumed for technological needs.

SISTEM INFORMASI PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE CASH BASIS PADA DESA SUKOMULYO

The Sukomulyo Village Office is a government agency located at Jln. Raya No 01 Sukomulyo Kaliwungu Selatan Kendal Regency, Central Java. This current system records budget receipts as well as receipts from within the village and expenditure of funds every month. Transactions that occur in the treasury section are operational transactions for budget receipts and revenues from within the village as well as operational transactions for disbursement of Village expenditure funds. The village office has receipts and expenditures of funds every month. Revenue is divided into two, namely revenue from within the village and outside the village. From within the village, namely, village original income, village treasury land, village market, village hall rental, etc. From outside the village, namely, ADD (Village Budget) funds which are from weighing fund income, other legitimate village income, central government assistance, district assistance, provincial assistance, etc. Expenditures are also divided into two, namely direct expenditure and indirect expenditure. Direct expenditure, namely, village head's salary, village secretary's PLH salary, village head election costs, village meeting costs, indirect expenditure, namely, operational expenditure of LKMD (Village Community Activity Institute), expenditure on PKK activities, expenditure on youth organization activities, capital costs of LKD (Village Activity Institute) , assistance with Poskesdes activities, assistance with social activities.

Teaching dossier guidance for professional faculty: an evidence-based approach for demonstrating teaching effectiveness

This research delves into the challenging paradox facing university faculty: they are often hired with minimal formal teacher training yet must exhibit teaching effectiveness when seeking promotion or tenure. This issue becomes particularly salient for educators with non-traditional, professional backgrounds who must demonstrate pedagogical competence despite lacking conventional academic training. This study examines teaching dossier guidelines employed by prominent universities that hire permanent teaching-focused business faculty who may have diverse, non-traditional backgrounds. For example, a Chartered Professional Accountant who trained in a public accounting firm and worked as a Chief Financial Officer of a public energy company or a sales executive who led the business development department of a large company likely do not possess the same academic training of a doctorate degree like other academics; however, such professional faculty may possess relevant experience and skills to teach accounting or marketing, respectively, to post-secondary students effectively. Our analysis identifies recurring recommendations for faculty to incorporate into their teaching dossiers, encompassing elements such as summaries of teaching responsibilities, documentation of course development or modification, creation of instructional materials, ongoing pedagogical improvement endeavors, outstanding teaching materials, articulation of teaching philosophies, and evidence of collegial collaboration and support. Our findings reveal a disconnect in understanding and recognizing the significance of teaching and teaching dossiers. In light of these observations, this paper outlines the limitations inherent in the current system. It suggests promising avenues for future research within this domain. We aim to foster a more equitable and supportive environment for all faculty members engaged in the complex task of academic teaching.

Liberatory Literacy Practices for Black Students Through a Lens of Care

AbstractThis article explores how Black teachers have used liberatory literacy practices through a lens of care when working with Black students. The prioritization of care is particularly important for Black students as they often experience a lack of care within schools due to labeling, stereotyping, and a lack of racially and culturally diverse teaching staff, curriculum, and resources. Black teachers are particularly effective in improving literacy outcomes for Black students, and this article emphasizes the importance of the care they provide in implementing culturally and historically responsive pedagogies that foster deep, meaningful learning. This article also emphasizes the funds of knowledge that Black teachers and students possess and highlights approaches that Black teachers have taken that create a warm, caring environment where Black students can thrive instead of being forced to fit into current systems that are unresponsive to Black student needs.

Efficiency of green synthesised carbon nanotubes from Moringa oleifera leaf extract as potential toxic metals adsorbent in polluted water

Abstract Among the many drawbacks of the current wastewater treatment systems are their high energy consumption and creation of harmful sludge. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are advantageous for the treatment of water due to their strong adsorption capacity and selectivity towards various pollutants. Thus, creating methods for treating water by producing CNTs from Moringa oleifera leaf extract can greatly help with the clean water problem. The synthesised material’s Ultra Visible (260–385 nm), FTIR (764–3295 cm−1) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) characterizations have demonstrated their CNTs characteristics. The repeatability testing yielded the %RSD values for Ca = 0.4, Cu = 0.24, Mg = 0.9, Pb = 1.06 and Zn = 0.36 which suggest that the AES approach demonstrated a high degree of precision. The findings show that the quantity of recovered metals increases with retention period. Mg > Cu > Zn > Ca > Pb was the order of the metal adsorption capacity throughout retention durations of 3, 6, 24, and 48 h. As the initial concentrations of the components under research were doubled and tripled, so were the removal capacities of CNTs increased which may be as a result of an increase in metal ions in the solution. The outcomes show how well the synthetic CNTs can remove heavy metals from wastewater.

Influence of ZnCl2 on gamma attenuation and radiation shielding of tellurite glasses containing Bi2O3 and B2O3

This paper investigates the influence of ZnCl2 on the gamma attenuation and radiation shielding properties of tellurite glasses incorporating Bi2O3 and B2O3. Employing Geant4 simulation and XCOM program, the study explores the impact of varying ZnCl2 content on different gamma attenuation parameters such as linear attenuation coefficient (μ), radiation protection efficiency (RPE), effective atomic number (Zeff), and HVL. Moreover, the relation between these factors and the density of the studied glass system is discussed in details. It is found that the incremental addition of Bi2O3 significantly enhanced the photon attenuation properties of the tellurite glasses involved. The maximum Zeff values are observed at the low energy region between 0.015 and 0.1 MeV with the values of 53.016, 60.133, 65.950, 70.370, and 73.791 for the glass samples namely TBBZC1, TBBZC2, TBBZC3, TBBZC4, and TBBZC5, respectively. Furthermore, the HVL values fall between 0.0016 cm and 4.3546 cm indicates that the current glass system can be utilizes for gamma shielding applications. The results provide insights into the potential enhancement of radiation shielding efficiency in tellurite glasses, contributing valuable knowledge for the development of advanced materials in nuclear safety applications.

2024 Watch List: Top 10 Technologies and Issues Related to Caring for Children and Youth With Medical Complexity

What Is the 2024 Watch List?
 
 The Watch List annual Horizon Scan report presents emerging technologies and issues that have the potential to shape the future of health care in Canada.
 CADTH’s 2024 Watch List focuses on care for children and youth with medical complexity. This top 10 has been divided in 2 parts — the top 5 technologies and top 5 issues related to children and youth with medical complexity that have the potential to make a significant and meaningful impact in transforming health systems in Canada over the next 5 years. These technologies and issues could shape the future of health care for not only children and youth with medical complexity, but also for others with chronic health conditions.
 
 Why Is This an Issue?
 
 Children and youth (people aged 24 years and younger) with medical complexity are a diverse group with a range of needs (e.g., single or multiple conditions, rare diseases). Although there is no single definition, common characteristics include significant functional limitations often causing the child or youth to be reliant on technology; high health care utilization, often requiring specialized care and services from different providers in multiple settings; and high health care service needs, such as care provision in the home and care coordination, which can have significant social and financial impacts on caregivers and the family.
 Children and youth with medical complexity account for less than 1% of all children and youth in Canada, but they account for 37% of hospital stays and 17% of emergency department visits. Due in part to the high number of health care interactions, this group experiences the effects of challenges within the health care system more acutely than their less medically complex peers.
 
 What Is the Potential Impact?
 
 The Watch List highlights areas for innovation, systems change, and investment.
 Advances in medical care have resulted in more children living with conditions that previously would not have been survivable in infancy and childhood. Now there are more children and youth with medical complexity, and they are living longer. Our current health systems were not designed to meet the complex needs of this group of people and their caregivers, including that many of them face challenges in accessing needed care. This year’s Watch List spotlights new and emerging technologies and key issues that could have a major impact on how patient care is provided to children and youth with medical complexity.
 
 What Else Do We Need to Know?
 
 In the 2024 Watch List, we identify and describe the top 5 new and emerging technologies that could shape the future of health care for children and youth with medical complexity in Canada, including new models of care and technologies and systems to improve communication. We also explore some considerations for health care decision-makers about the potential impact of these technologies on care pathways, health care human resources, health care infrastructure, and health equity.
 The 2024 Watch List also identifies the top 5 issues that limit health systems from providing optimal quality of care for children and youth with medical complexity. Key issues such as the need for increased interoperability between health systems and the need for strategies to improve sustainability warrant more attention and will influence the wider adoption, diffusion, and implementation of new and emerging technologies for children and youth with medical complexity.
 Monitoring ongoing developments and evidence related to the top technologies and issues highlighted in the 2024 Watch List can help guide health system planning in Canada and improve access to high-quality care.

Realization of customizable performance castor oil-based waterborne polyurethane antiseptic coatings via arbutin

The utilization of green and sustainable bio-based resources gets more important owing to the increasing shortage of petrochemical resources. Arbutin (AT) was considered to belong to a class of renewable polyhydroxy compounds due to its unique molecular structure. Hence, a molecular structure design strategy was employed to incorporate AT and castor oil into the backbone of anionic waterborne polyurethan (WPU). The effect of the AT content on the characteristics of WPU dispersion and casting film was thoroughly investigated. The result showed that the WPU films had excellent transparency, mechanical (the tensile strength was 28.4 MPa, the toughness was 34.3 MJ/m3), and thermodynamic properties, surpassing most current vegetable oil-based WPU systems. Notably, the WPU-AT20 film could pull target 18722 times its own weight, which could be ascribed to the cooperative effects of abundant rigid rings, H-bonds, and a higher physical crosslink density in systems. The Tg values of the WPU films were adjusted to range from 13.47 °C to 63.40 °C. The maximum value of Tg was, in particular, outstanding at present reported systems. Intriguingly, the WPU films still exhibited prominent anti-corrosion performance towards Q235# iron after severe weather conditions of outdoor storage for 4 months. The objective of this research was to offer simple and feasible strategies for preparing eco-friendly WPU coatings with excellent anti-corrosion performance.

Simultaneous Damping and Frequency Control in AC Microgrid Using Coordinated Control Considering Time Delay and Noise

The incorporation of converter-based generating sources in utility-scale microgrids causes frequency instability and low-frequency oscillations (LFOs), which is also a reason for degeneration in system stability. Damping frequency control is an essential part of alternating current (AC) microgrid system operation and control. Sudden changes in load, variations in renewable power outputs due to changes in solar insolation or wind speed, and so on factors cause the system frequency to deviate from the nominal value. Therefore, the role of a frequency controller is to maintain the dynamic stability in an AC microgrid by retaining the system frequency at the nominal value. Again, AC microgrids with high renewable power penetration face even more difficulty in maintaining frequency stability because of their poor inertial response. The research presented here proposes a novel approach for grid-connected AC microgrid oscillation damping and frequency control that simultaneously takes into consideration time delay and noise. To improve the frequency response and dampen LFOs by providing the voltage and frequency within the specified range, a coordinated technique-based control approach is adopted. In the developed hybrid control, the frequency controller relies on active power modulation, while the power oscillation damping controller is dependent on reactive power modulation. To improve stability and reduce communication consequences such as noise and signal latency (time delay), the developed power oscillation damping controller and frequency controller are coordinated along with the robust linear quadratic Gaussian controller. The comparative investigation of the effectiveness of the coordinated control technique is employed in the software of MATLAB/Simulink for grid-connected AC microgrid. The outcome of the simulation illustrates the superior effectiveness of the suggested controller over the traditional droop controller for huge power flows under disturbance with various operating conditions, under/overfrequency events, time delay, and noise. This grid encouragement capability for AC microgrids is anticipated to lead to novel possibilities for generating revenue.

Visible-light-responsive mesoporous PtO/2D YVO4 composite material for fostered photocatalytic hydrogen generation

Hydrogen (H2) is a significant alternative energy supply due to its outstanding and potentially useful properties, promoting sustainable development. Photocatalytic H2 generation from H2O employing inexhaustible and naturally abundant solar power on semiconducting photocatalysts is a promising and sustainable approach. Yet, particle aggregation/agglomeration, insufficient solar-light absorbance capacity, and quick photo-excited charge carriers’ recombination are the main deficiencies in most current photocatalytic systems. This investigation intends to fabricate mesoporous YVO4 nanosheets through a facile hydrothermal process, employing polyvinyl alcohol polymer as a structural directing agent to prevent agglomeration. Moreover, for the first time, varied tiny contents of platinum oxide (PtO) ranging from 0.3 to 1.2 wt%, were decorated on YVO4, constructing p-n PtO-YVO4 heterojunctions. The fabricated catalysts were characterized via advanced instruments and applied to H2 production using visible light energy. It was found that the physicochemical characteristics of the designed catalysts revealed the influence of loading PtO on the surface, structure, light absorbance features, charge separation, and efficacy. The loading of 0.9 wt% PtO on YVO4 has barely lowered the surface area (SA) from 187 to 176 m2/g. In contrast, the visible wavelength uptake is notably extended owing to the substantial energy bandgap narrowing from 3.40 to 2.11 eV. The visible-light-evolved hydrogen on 0.9 wt% PtO-YVO4 amounted to 34.76 mmol g−1. Moreover, this novel sample demonstrated a 99.88% recycling capacity after five cycles. This efficacious photocatalytic H2 generation is due to extensive light sensitivity and the rapid charge separation and migration between PtO and YVO4 following the p-n heterojunction mechanism.

The Strategy of Continuous Commutation Failure Suppression by Combining Turn-off Angle Compensation and Dynamic Nonlinear VDCOL

In recent years, with the continuous growth in China’s economy, the continuous advancement of urbanization and industrialization, the contradiction between rapid economic development and the continuous reduction in traditional fossil energy reserves such as coal, oil, and natural gas, the continuous aggravation of environmental pollution has become increasingly prominent. In this era, clean energy power generation technologies such as hydropower, wind power, and solar power generation, which have the advantages of renewability, environmental protection, and economy, have developed rapidly. However, wind and photovoltaic power plants are often located in remote areas, which means significant losses in the transmission process. High-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission technology becomes the best choice to solve this problem. The HVDC transmission system based on a grid commutator is widely used in China’s AC-DC hybrid power grid. When an AC fault occurs on the inverter side, the line-commutated converter high-voltage direct current (LCC-HVDC) system is more prone to continuous commutation failure, which brings serious harm to system operation. To better suppress the problem of continuous commutation failure on the contravariant side, this paper analyzes the mechanism of continuous commutation failure from multiple angles. The DC current command sensitivity of a voltage-dependent current order limiter (VDCOL) in the LCC-HVDC system is low, which will lead to different degrees of continuous commutation failure. In addition, the rapid rise in DC current and the drop in commutation voltage during the fault will cause the turn-off angle to drop, and the probability of continuous commutation failure of the system will increase significantly. Based on the above theoretical analysis, a new control strategy combining the dynamic compensation of the turn-off angle of a virtual inductor and the suppression of continuous commutation failure by dynamic nonlinear VDCOL is proposed. A dynamic nonlinear VDCOL control strategy is proposed for the low sensitivity of current command adjustment under conventional VDCOL control. Secondly, two concepts of virtual inductance and DC current change rate are introduced, and a control strategy based on virtual inductance is proposed to comprehensively ensure that the switching angle has sufficient commutation margin during fault recovery. Finally, based on the CIGRE standard test model in PSCAD/EMTDC, the accuracy of the correlation mechanism analysis and the effectiveness of the suppression method are verified.

B Vote: Block chain Based Voting System

The current electoral system faces various challenges such as vote rigging, hacking of electronic voting machines, and election manipulation, leading to a lack of faith in the system among citizens. The adoption of an electronic voting system based on block chain technology could potentially address these issues. This paper proposes a model of e-voting based on popular block chain frameworks that provide block chain as a service, which maintains participant confidentiality while still being open to public scrutiny. The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the theme, demonstrating the usefulness of block chain technology in the design of a secure and transparent e-voting system. Distributed ledger technology is a powerful tool in the world of information technology, with the potential to revolutionize various applications. Block chain offers advantages such as cryptological underpinnings and transparency, making it a disruptive technology in modern times. The proposed e-voting system based on block chain technology offers the potential to improve the resilience of e-voting systems, and ensure the integrity of the election results. Overall, this paper provides insights into the potential of block chain technology to tackle the challenges facing the current electoral system and improve the transparency and security of e-voting systems. Key Word: Iblock chain, confidentiality, Distributed ledger, transparency, security, metamask, solidity, Ethereum, Decentralization, testnet, Hardhat, Dapp, Consensus, immutability, blocks.