Current Installation Research Articles

Transforming PETE’s Initial Standards: Ensuring Social Justice for Black Students in Physical Education

ABSTRACT Calls to transform the initial Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) standards to reflect social justice have garnered little attention. Recent events have magnified the racial injustices inflicted upon Black people in America and their ability to participate as full equals in a society influenced and characterized by white supremacy. Using critical race theory (CRT) as a framework, the authors examine the racial formulation of the historical and current installations of SHAPE America’s initial PETE standards. Illustrated is the influence of white supremacy in PETE programs, the relationship to physical literacy, and the impact on Black students. After analysis, the authors integrate culturally relevant frameworks, and provide a blueprint of socially just PETE standards that challenge structural racism, and diversity initiatives promoted by SHAPE America and in higher education. The authors conclude that infusing Black perspectives is essential to the advancement of inclusive social justice standards in PETE.

공동주택 창 벽체 접합부 시공방식에 따른 열교 영향 평가

공동주택 창 벽체 접합부 시공방식에 따른 열교 영향 평가

ATSDR’s PFAS Exposure Assessments: Results from Communities with Known Past Drinking Water Concentrations Greater than EPA’s Health Advisory

The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) is conducting exposure assessments (EAs) for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in selected communities with known PFAS contamination in drinking water near current or former military installations in the United States. Concentrations of PFAS were measured in serum and urine and exposure information was collected through a questionnaire. Tap water and indoor dust samples from a subset of participant homes were also analyzed for PFAS. These EAs provide the first large scale, multi-site analysis of PFAS body burden in communities with known PFAS concentrations in drinking water above the US Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) health advisory. ATSDR will complete data collection in June 2020. ATSDR compared aggregate EA concentrations of PFAS in serum and urine to national averages from the most recent National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). ATSDR compared tap water concentrations of PFOA and PFOS to EPA’s health advisory. ATSDR presents PFAS concentrations in indoor dust to show the range found in participant homes. There is currently no benchmark to which PFAS dust concentrations can be compared. Biomonitoring results are interpreted using exposure data collected from the questionnaire (drinking water consumption rate, demographics, duration of residence, occupational history, etc.). In this presentation, ATSDR will present and discuss aggregate community-level results for four exposure assessment sites. The preliminary findings and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry/Centers for Disease Control (ATSDR/CDC). The full manuscript is currently under development and has not yet been approved by ATSDR/CDC.

Вплив модифікатора на селективність реакції хлорування етилену до 1,2-дихлоретану в промислових умовах

Досліджено вплив стабілізатора (модифікатора) каталітичного комплексу – натрієвої солі перфторованої сульфокислоти – на каталітичну систему [FeCl3– NaCl] у промисловому процесі прямого рідиннофазного хлорування етилену до 1,2-дихлоретану на діючій установці хлорування етилену виробництва хлористого вінілу ТОВ "Карпатнафтохім", м. Калуш, Івано-Франківської області. Встановлено, що введення до складу каталізатора натрієвої солі перфторованої сульфокислоти в кількості 1-4 % від маси хлориду натрію не призводить до помітних змін у процесі розчинення, а зростання кількості стабілізатора каталітичного комплексу від 4 до 10 % скорочує тривалість розчинення з 2 до 1 год, веде до зростання концентрації хлориду натрію до проектних значень у каталітичному розчині та до збільшення селективності утворення цільового продукту до 99,3 %, при цьому кількість побічних продуктів – в основному 1,1,2-трихлоретану – зменшується в 1,8 раза. Показано, що експериментальні результати, отримані в лабораторії, корелюють із результатами, отриманими у промислових умовах. Після припинення подачі модифікатора технологічні показники процесу погіршуються, концентрація йонів натрію зменшується з 50 до 6-8 ррм, а селективність утворення 1,2-дихлоретану – до 98,5 %. Використання натрієвої солі перфторовної сульфо-кислоти у промисловому процесі можливе без будь-яких змін у технологічній схемі діючого виробництва 1,2-дихлоретану. Експериментально визначена оптимальна концентрація натрієвої солі перфторованої сульфокислоти, яка становить 8-10 % від маси хлориду натрію. Результати випробовувань модифікатора каталітичної системи процесу прямого рідинно-фазного хлорування етилену показали ефективність його роботи у промислових умовах і дали змогу отримати фактичний економічний ефект.

Recent Progress of Wavelength Selective Switch

Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) networks with reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers (ROADMs) realize automatic scheduling and restoration at the wavelength level and are therefore part of the solution to meet increasing bandwidth and routing flexibility requirements for transport networks. The wavelength selective switch (WSS) is the key component in all commercial ROADM systems. Liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) technology dominates current WSS installations as LCoS-based WSS can support Flexgrid technology enabled networks, and high port counts with excellent performance. WSS designs are becoming increasingly specialized for a wide variety of applications. For single WSS used in broadcast and select (B&S) architecture, superior port isolation is key for the desired signal to be filtered from the whole spectrum. While for twin WSS deployed in route and select (R&S) nodes, many features are desired for various network applications. These include multiple common ports, premium ports with superior port isolation, and high port counts. Future WSS may be asked to address a number of different end user applications, and as such there is a demand for combinations of custom spectrum range, compact form factors, increased WSS port count, low cost, thermal and mechanical ruggedization. The first commercially available quad WSS is part of this increasing trend of utilization of WSS throughout network architectures.

Innovative alternatives for repowering offshore wind farms

To deliver a climate neutral Europe by 2050 there is an unprecedented urgency to decarbonise Europe’s electricity supply. The offshore wind industry is gearing up to this challenge with an increase in the rate at which high generating capacity offshore wind farms (OWFs) are deployed. Innovative repowering integrates early decommissioning and repowering of OWFs by using future large wind turbines (WTs, e.g. 20 MW WT). First-of-its-kind case studies have been presented to quantify the increased power generation capacity and the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of repowering two OWFs with fixed and floating foundations. The repowering alternatives have been compared with the base case scenario (which involves decommissioning after the design life of 20 years) and the lifetime extension scenario (decommissioning in 25th year). The case studies show that a significant increase in energy output could be coupled with a reduction in the LCOE using the same OWF sites. The capacities of the OWF with fixed and floating foundations have been increased by 2.5 times (317 MW to 800 MW) and 2 times (400 MW to 800 MW) by repowering, respectively. Compared with developing an OWF on a new site, repowering has the potential to significantly accelerate the current installation capacity. Repowering has the potential to provide a competitive alternative to the lifetime extension of OWFs. Furthermore, the OWF with floating foundations has greater LCOE reductions compared with the OWFs with fixed foundations. This study has also provided evidence that enabling technologies and collaboration with other sectors would reduce the environmental impacts and costs of decommissioning of OWFs. This paper has suggested a way forward for research and development to overcome both technological and non-technological barriers to unlock the potential benefits of innovative alternatives of repowering OWFs.

Analysis and optimization of a heat pump system coupled to an installation of PVT panels and a seasonal storage tank on an educational building

A water-water solar-assisted heat pump (SAHP) is projected on an under construction academic building at the University of Zaragoza (Spain). It integrates a heat pump heating system with photovoltaic/thermal collectors and seasonal storage. Because of its innovative design, considerably higher performances than a conventional type air-source heat pump are expected.This paper shows the simulation of the system performed in TRNSYS, a graphically based software used to simulate the behavior of transient systems. In addition, starting from the current design of the energy system, different sensibility analysis are simulated in order to study alternative configurations of the heating system. The solar coverage of the current installation design is about 60% and the expected savings yield to a payback period of 15,4 years. Three alternative configurations are proposed in this work, reaching up to around 98% of solar coverage. The study results show the technical and economic feasibility of the heating installation based on a solar assisted heat pump with implementation of seasonal storage in an educational building located in a middle latitude.

Continuous Manufacturing of a Polymer Stabilized Emulsion Monitored with Process Analytical Technology.

Moving from batch to continuous manufacturing (CM) requires implementation of process analytical technology (PAT), as it is crucial to monitor and control these processes. CM of semi-solids has been demonstrated but implementation of a broader range of PAT tools with in- or on-line process interfacing at the end of the CM line has not been demonstrated. The goal of this work was to continuously manufacture creams and to investigate whether in- and on-line measurement of viscosity, changes in the concentration of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), and pH could be used to support optimization of a model cream product. Additionally, the torque of the mixers was assessed for determination of the physical properties of the cream. Two Raman probes with different probe optics were compared for characterization of the API concentration. The API concentration, amount of neutralizer, and mixing speed of the CM line were systematically varied. Both the PhAT probe with a larger sampling volume and immersion Raman probe with a smaller sampling volume could detect the step changes in the API concentration. The torque from the mixer was compared with the viscosity measurements, but the torque signal could not be correlated with the viscosity due to the dynamic nature of the polymer conformation and the time-dependency of this property. Adjustment of pH of the cream could be monitored with the current installation. The investigated PAT tools could be implemented into a continuous line and, further, be used to support the optimization of a model cream composition and related process parameters.

MODELING OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES FOR ALGORITHMIZATION OF PROBLEM OF MANAGEMENT OF OIL FIELD TREATMENT FACILITIES

This article presents mathematical models and calculations of balances of technological processes used for the purposes of design and synthesis of process control algorithms in installations of oil field preparation. Representation of the process in the form of characteristic flow graph and adjacency matrix allows to demonstrate and simplify the calculation of material and thermal balances of multistage technological process. The comparison of the results of calculation of material balance obtained using a specialized modeling system and the equations of the main processes of oil preparation with the experimental data of the current installation is given on the example of the installation of preliminary discharge of formation water. The main reason for the high error of the results is the lack of flow and efficiency of the demulsifier in the models of calculation. The mathematical model of calculation of function of water cut at an exit from installation as the main indicator of quality of preparation of oil is developed. A function of water content was approximated by a second order equation and dependent variable controlling variables – the temperature, rate of the demulsifier and the residence time of the liquid in the apparatus. The flow rate and water content of the liquid is determined by the oil field and does not apply to variable control variables. According to the developed mathematical model, graphs of the dependence of water content on the norm of the demulsifier, the residence time of the liquid in the apparatus and temperature are constructed. The comparison of the results showed an adequate degree of comparability of the regime parameters obtained by the model with the experimental data of the current installation. The practical significance of the work lies in the preparation of recommendations on the parameters of the process, transmitted as input data for design and control system as tasks to operators and automatic controllers.

CRT-400.05 Handling the Automated External Defibrillator and Its Installation in High-Flow People Places

According to current early defibrillation policies, the use and installation of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) is indispensable to obtain satisfactory results in victims of cardiopulmonary arrest (CRP). It is very useful for cases of ventricular fibrillation (representing 70 to 80% of

Attitudes, preferences, and intentions of German households concerning participation in peer-to-peer electricity trading

Based on a survey among customers of seven German municipal utilities, we estimate two regression models to identify the most prospective customer segments and their preferences and motivations for participating in peer-to-peer (P2P) electricity trading and develop implications for decision-makers in the energy sector and policy-makers for this currently relatively unknown product. Our results show a large general openness of private households towards P2P electricity trading, which is also the main predictor of respondents' intention to participate. It is mainly influenced by individuals’ environmental attitude, technical interest, and independence aspiration. Respondents with the highest willingness to participate in P2P electricity trading are mainly motivated by the ability to share electricity, and to a lesser extent by economic reasons. They also have stronger preferences for innovative pricing schemes (service bundles, time-of-use tariffs). Differences between individuals can be observed depending on their current ownership (prosumers) or installation probability of a microgeneration unit (consumers, planners). Rather than current prosumers, especially planners willing to install microgeneration in the foreseeable future are considered to be the most promising target group for P2P electricity trading. Finally, our results indicate that P2P electricity trading could be a promising niche option in the German energy transition.

Снижение энергетических затрат при управлении установкой ректификации нефти

Introduction. Methods for assessing the energy efficiency of small oil refineries are not sufficiently developed currently. Aim is an optimizing the energy costs of oil separation. Materials and methods. An algorithm for calculating the sectional model of the atmospheric unit of a lowpower oil distillation unit is presented. The resulting model is supplemented by the calculation of an air-cooling apparatus and a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The factors affecting energy costs were selected: the consumption of superheated water vapor in the atmospheric and stripping columns, reflux ratio, and the consumption of raw materials. To derive the dependence of the selected criterion on the listed factors, the method of orthogonal central compositional planning of the experiment was applied. A planning matrix for a four-factor experiment using the sectional model is compiled. The results of the experiment have been obtained in the MATLAB software package. An estimation of the insignificance of the coefficients in the obtained second-order regression equation is carried out; insignificant coefficients are excluded from the model. The adequacy of the model was verified using the Fisher criterion. The regression equation represented in the physical quantities of the factors is the objective function. Results. The surface of the output parameter is constructed depending on control factors (reflux number and flow rate of superheated water vapor into the atmospheric column) with a constant flow of raw materials and a constant flow of superheated steam into the stripping column. It is shown that the selected factors affect not only energy costs, but also the quality indicators of petroleum products. Mathematical models are given for determining the quality indicators of oil products (temperatures of the beginning and end of boiling) at an oil refinery, which are used as limitations. The application of the obtained dependence is proposed for optimizing energy costs at an oil distillation unit with a changing consumption of raw materials. Conclusion. The obtained optimal values of the factors can be used as tasks for the regulators on the current installation.

Current Status and Installation Example of the Small Hydro Power

Current Status and Installation Example of the Small Hydro Power

Adapting the Effect of Asynchronous Impulsive Noise using Interleaving Based on Compound Signal Classification in Broad Plc

Power Line Communication (PLC) is a technology which transforms the power line into pathways for the conveyance of broadband data. It has the advantage for it can avoid new installation since the current installation used for electrical power can also be used for data transmission. However, this power line channel presents a harsh environment for data transmission owing to the challenges of impulsive noise, high attenuation, selective fading and etc. In this paper to provide special structure to signal in frequency domain we have applied interleaving of signal in time domain. Based on the special structure, IN support is determined by using compound signal classification (CSC) and its amplitude is estimated by Least Squares (LS) method in frequency domain, exploiting the noise information on null subcarriers in Discrete Multitone Transform (DMT) system.

A novel directional relay for AC lines close to the HVDC installation

Compared with traditional distance protection based on fundamental components, the R-L differential-equation algorithm in time domain, which is free of eliminating aperiodic component and insensitive to grid frequency, is more suitable for the AC lines close to high voltage direct current (HVDC) installation. However, there is a problem of voltage dead zone which occurs when the R-L differential equation algorithm is directly applied on the AC lines. According to the difference between fault currents’ characteristics provided by direct current (DC) system and receiving-end AC system, then forward and reverse faults on the outlets of AC lines can be identified based on the correlation of the measured voltage drop and calculated voltage drop. Therefore, a novel directional relay based on the correlation coefficient of voltage waveform (CCVW) and low voltage component is proposed. Finally, an extensive performance evaluation in PSCAD/EMTDC and MATLAB simulation verifies the effectiveness of the directional relay. Influencing factors and comparative analysis show that the directional relay has a high sensitivity, rapidity, and reliability.

A six-layer architecture for the digital twin: a manufacturing case study implementation

Industry 4.0, cyber-physical production systems (CPPS) and the Internet of Things (IoT) are current focusses in automation and data exchange in manufacturing, arising from the rapid increase in capabilities in information and communication technologies and the ubiquitous internet. A key enabler for the advances promised by CPPSs is the concept of a digital twin, which is the virtual representation of a real-world entity, or the physical twin. An important step towards the success of Industry 4.0 is the establishment of practical reference architectures. This paper presents an architecture for such a digital twin, which enables the exchange of data and information between a remote emulation or simulation and the physical twin. The architecture comprises different layers, including a local data layer, an IoT Gateway layer, cloud-based databases and a layer containing emulations and simulations. The architecture can be implemented in new and legacy production facilities, with a minimal disruption of current installations. This architecture provides a service-based and real-time enabled infrastructure for vertical and horizontal integration. To evaluate the architecture, it was implemented for a small, but typical, physical manufacturing system component.

The effect of the change Crop Composition in Agricultural employment

-The most important results indicate that the first model achieved with it the same area of ​​the current crop composition, but it achieved a saving in the amount of water consumed and amounted to about 7.39 billion m 3, while it also achieved a decrease in the total costs by about 2.44 million pounds, and has achieved a greater net return from the current installation About 5.94 million pounds, while he did not achieve a change in the size of the labor used in crop composition from the current composition, but he distributed that used labor in a way that is consistent with the goal of research and distribute it with crops that are labor-intensive and have a higher net return.

Study on the Scale of New Energy Development during the 14th Five-Year Plan Period

A major issue in the successful realization of energy transformation in the 14th Five-Year Plan period is to solve the problem of optimizing the allocation and coordinated development of new energy and flexibly adjusting resources. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, if the current new energy installation distribution ratio of the eastern and western regions is still maintained, it will be very difficult to control the overall curtailment rate of the new energy in the State Grid Management area below 5%. Another development option is to further tilt the installation of new energy towards the central and eastern regions, make full use of the local accommodation space in the central and Eastern regions. It is easier to achieve the total curtailment rate of new energy within 5%, and at the same time, the total installed capacities of new energy in the whole country can be further increased. It is also suggested that during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the curtailment rate restriction should be relaxed to 8% moderately, which not only has better overall system economy, but is conducive to supporting a larger scale of new energy development and increase the proportion of new energy generation in total power generation.

Status quo and analysis of the use of smartphone APP in medical staffs

Objective To explore the current installation and use of smartphone APP in medical workers and to provide a basis for the proper use of smartphones for mobile learning and developing APPs for medical workers. Methods Totally 529 medical staffs were selected from two ClassⅢ hospitals in Beijing by simple random sampling from June to September 2018. These subjects were investigated with the self-designed questionnaire, which mainly included basic information, overall use of smartphone APP, use of various smartphone APPs, and conditions that a good APP should have. All the questionnaires were filled out by the subjects themselves. Results Totally 76.9% question naires were distributed, and 503 valid ones were collected. Totally 76.9% (387/503) of the medical workers used smartphones for 2 years, among whom 84.4% (425/503) had at least 6 APPs installed on their smartphones. The top 3 kinds of APPs were communication and information (98.6%, 496/503) , document readers (93.2%, 454/503) , and medicine-associated APPs (90.3%, 454/503) . Totally 22.9% (115/503) of the medical workers used APPs for 120 mins accumulatively every day, mostly when waiting for the bus, taking the bus, waiting for someone, or there was a difficult question that needed them to find some information. Conclusions Medical workers have made smartphone APPs a necessary tool for their work and life, especially in communication, learning and improving working efficiency. More APPs that are suitable for medical workers may be developed in the future, so they can improve the capability and efficiency of medical and nursing work by mobile micro-learning and micro-office. Key words: Medical staffs; Smartphone APP; Status quo

Real-Time Detection of Interharmonics and Harmonics of AC Electric Arc Furnaces on GPU Framework

In this paper, a method based on the multiple synchronous reference frame analysis is recommended and implemented to detect time-varying harmonics and interharmonics of rapidly fluctuating asymmetrical industrial loads. The experimental work has been carried out on a typical three-phase alternating current arc furnace installation. In the recommended method, the reference frame is rotated in both directions at speeds corresponding to the positive and negative sequences of all harmonics and all interharmonics 5 Hz apart. To extract the direct current components of the transformed d–q quantities, a low-pass filter is employed. In order to keep the delay of the filter at zero frequency less than a few ms, Kalman estimation technique has been used. Back transformation is then applied for each harmonic and interharmonic component to obtain their positive- and negative-sequences of the associated harmonic and interharmonic in the actual line current waveforms. Parallel computing technique has been applied for the real-time detection of both the phase and the amplitude of all harmonics and interharmonics. This is achieved on NVDIA Jetson TX1 graphics processing unit framework for a sample industrial plant. The developed system is shown to be useful for fast and accurate generation of reference signals for the controllers of the advanced technology power conditioning systems which successfully compensates interharmonics, harmonics, and flicker of the rapidly fluctuating nonlinear industrial loads.