Current Ia Research Articles

Transient Response of a Separately Excited DC Motor Under No-Load Condition

the aim of this paper is to introduce the transient analysis of a separately excited DC motor under no load condition with variable DC supply. The paper presents the block diagram of a separately excited DC motor using the MATLAB/SIMULINK application. The block diagram was simulated to calculate the armature current (Ia), torque (T) and speed (N) at no load condition. The MATLAB/SIMULINK is used because of its wide distribution, general purpose nature and short learning curve. Also, mathematical modelling of the motor is being calculated. Finally, the paper focuses on the transient response and by varying certain parameters of the motor, output characteristics of the simulation would change accordingly. These parameters include armature circuit resistance, armature voltage and field current.

Corrigendum.

The Journal of PhysiologyVolume 595, Issue 11 p. 3677-3678 CorrigendumFree Access Corrigendum This article corrects the following: In vivo and in vitro biophysical properties of hair cells from the lateral line and inner ear of developing and adult zebrafish Jennifer Olt, Stuart L. Johnson, Walter Marcotti, Volume 592Issue 10The Journal of Physiology pages: 2041-2058 First Published online: March 27, 2014 First published: 10 March 2017 https://doi.org/10.1113/JP274128Citations: 1AboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Following publication of this article, the authors have notified The Journal of an error in the labelling of four panels in two of the figures. The concentration of MS-222 used for the experiments should have been 0.005%. 0.1% was the concentration of the stock solution that was used. Since the same concentration was used to test both the larval (Figure 3) and juvenile (Figure 5) zebrafish, the authors state that the error does not change the conclusion that MS222 reduces the K+ current in juvenile (Figure 4) but not in larval (Figure 3) lateral line hair cells as reported in the paper. Figure 3. Potassium current recordings from lateral line hair cells of the larval zebrafish before and during the local application of MS-222Open in figure viewerPowerPoint A and B, Example of K+ currents recorded from a hair cell (4 dpf) before (A) and during (B) the superfusion of 0.005% MS-222. Currents were elicited as described in Fig. 2. C, Steady-state (measured at 160 ms) I-V curves obtained from the recordings shown in A and B. Note that MS-222 did not affect the K+ current amplitude, voltage or time dependence. D, Average peak and steady-state amplitude of the K+ current at 0 mV, including those shown in A and B. Recordings are from hair cells of the larval zebrafish neuromast (3.0–5.2 dpf) in the presence (MS-222) and absence (α-Btx: α-bungarotoxin) of the anaesthetic. E, Average steady-state/peak amplitude ratio for the outward K+ current at 0 mV from the same hair cells used in panel D. Figure 5. Current recordings from hair cells of the juvenile lateral line before and during the local application of MS-222Open in figure viewerPowerPoint A–C, Example of K+ currents recorded from hair cells at 21 dpf before (A), during (B) and after (C) the local superfusion of 0.005% MS-222. Note that MS-222 mainly blocks the Ca2+-activated K+ current IK,Ca and the small A-type K+ current IA(s). Ih was not affected by the anaesthetic. Currents were elicited as described in Fig. 2. D and E, Average peak and steady-state I-V curves for the K+ currents recorded before (D) and during (E) 0.005% MS-222 from four hair cells of 21–26 dpf zebrafish, including the recordings shown in panels A and B. F, Peak and steady-state currents extrapolated at 0 mV before (control) and during (MS-222) the superfusion of the anaesthetic for the same 4 cells. Note that the peak current was significantly reduced in MS-222. Recordings in B and C were performed at room temperature. Reference Olt J, Johnson SL & Marcotti W (2014). In vivo and in vitro biophysical properties of hair cells from the lateral line and inner ear of developing and adult zebrafish. J Physiol 592, 2041– 2058. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.265108 Citing Literature Volume595, Issue111 June 2017Pages 3677-3678 FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation

IFRS 16 “Leases” – consequences on the financial statements and financial indicators

In January 2016, the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) issued IFRS 16 “Leases”, which will replace the current standard IAS 17 “Leases”. IFRS 16, whose application is mandatory for annual periods beginning on or after January 2019, sets out new rules for the recognition and measurement of leases, leading to a change of value for the elements recognized in the financial statements, as well as for the financial indicators calculated based on these. The purpose of this article is to present, based on a comparative analysis of IFRS 16 and IAS 17, the main consequences that the application of IFRS 16 will arise, in respect of the financial statements and the financial indicators determined based on the information provided by these.

Testing averaged cosmology with type Ia supernovae and BAO data

An important problem in precision cosmology is the determination of the effects of averaging and backreaction on observational predictions, particularly in view of the wealth of new observational data and improved statistical techniques. In this paper, we discuss the observational viability of a class of averaged cosmologies which consist of a simple parametrized phenomenological two-scale backreaction model with decoupled spatial curvature parameters. We perform a Bayesian model selection analysis and find that this class of averaged phenomenological cosmological models is favored with respect to the standard ΛCDM cosmological scenario when a joint analysis of current SNe Ia and BAO data is performed. In particular, the analysis provides observational evidence for non-trivial spatial curvature.

Antes NIC 39 ahora NIIF 9: nuevos desafíos para los contadores

In this paper we will resume the main differences between the application of IFRS 9 «Financial Instruments» to be imperatively implemented in Peru since the commencement of the exercise 2018 with regards to the current IAS 39 «Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement», focusing in the classification and measurement of financial assets. Furthermore, a practical analysis will be applied to financial instruments in the investment banking industry.

A novel study for hydro-generators loss of excitation faults detection using ANFIS

This paper presents a new approach for Loss of Excitation (LOE) faults detection in hydro-generators using adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system. The proposed scheme was trained by data from simulation of a 345 kV system under various faults conditions and tested for different loading conditions. Details of the design process and the results of performance using the proposed technique are discussed in the paper. Three techniques are used in this article based on the type of inputs to the proposed ANFIS unit, the generator terminal impedance measurements (R and X), the generator RMS Line to Line voltage and Phase current (Vtrms and Ia) and the positive sequence components of the generator voltage magnitude, phase current magnitude, and angle (│V+ve│, │I+ve│, and ∟I+ve). The obtained results from these schemes are compared with each other and are compared with other techniques. The results show that the proposed technique is effective in detecting the LOE faults and the obtained results are very encouraging.

Do Czech Companies Disclose Revenue in Accordance with IFRS Requirements?

Revenue is one of the key indicators informing users of financial statements about company's performance. The different approaches to revenue recognition are analysed in the first part of this paper. The second part addresses the convergence of US GAAP and IFRS in the area of revenue recognition and examines the new converged revenue standard IFRS 15. The third part focuses on the IFRS disclosure requirements set by the current standard IAS 18 and compare to the new ones defined by IFRS 15. The empirical study analyses consolidated financial statements of Czech listed companies and assesses the compliance with current revenue disclosure IFRS requirements.

DETECTABILITY OF COSMIC DARK FLOW IN THE TYPE IA SUPERNOVA REDSHIFT–DISTANCE RELATION

ABSTRACT We reanalyze the detectability of large-scale dark flow (or local bulk flow) with respect to the CMB background based upon the redshift–distance relation for SN Ia. We made two independent analyses: one based upon identifying the three Cartesian velocity components; and the other based upon the cosine dependence of the deviation from Hubble flow on the sky. We apply these analyses to the Union2.1 SN Ia data and to the SDSS-II supernova survey. For both methods, results for low redshift, , are consistent with previous searches. We find a local bulk flow of v bf ∼ 300 km s−1 in the direction of (l, b) ∼ (270, 35)°. However, the search for a dark flow at is inconclusive. Based upon simulated data sets, we deduce that the difficulty in detecting a dark flow at high redshifts arises mostly from the observational error in the distance modulus. Thus, even if it exists, a dark flow is not detectable at large redshift with current SN Ia data sets. We estimate that a detection would require both significant sky coverage of SN Ia out to z = 0.3 and a reduction in the effective distance modulus error from 0.2 mag to ≲0.02 mag. We estimate that a greatly expanded data sample of ∼104 SN Ia might detect a dark flow as small as 300 km s−1 out to z = 0.3 even with a distance modulus error of 0.2 mag. This may be achievable in a next generation large survey like LSST.

Galaxy clusters, type Ia supernovae and the fine structure constant

As is well known, measurements of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect can be combined with observations of the X-ray surface brightness of galaxy clusters to estimate the angular diameter distance to these structures. In this paper, we show that this technique depends on the fine structure constant, α. Therefore, if α is a time-dependent quantity, e.g., α = α0ϕ(z), where ϕ is a function of redshift, we argue that current data do not provide the real angular diameter distance, DA(z), to the cluster, but instead DAdata(z) = ϕ(z)2 DA(z). We use this result to derive constraints on a possible variation of α for a class of dilaton runaway models considering a sample of 25 measurements of DAdata(z) in redshift range 0.023 < z < 0.784 and estimates of DA(z) from current type Ia supernovae observations. We find no significant indication of variation of α with the present data.

Thermodynamics of the variable modified Chaplygin gas

A cosmological model with a new variant of Chaplygin gas obeying an equation of state(EoS), P = Aρ − B/ρα where B= B0an is investigated in the context of its thermodynamical behaviour. Here B0 and n are constants and a is the scale factor. We show that the equation of state of this `Variable Modified Chaplygin gas' (VMCG) can describe the current accelerated expansion of the universe. Following standard thermodynamical criteria we mainly discuss the classical thermodynamical stability of the model and find that the new parameter, n introduced in VMCG plays a crucial role in determining the stability considerations and should always be negative. We further observe that although the earlier model of Lu explains many of the current observational findings of different probes it fails the desirable tests of thermodynamical stability. We also note that for 0n < our model points to a phantom type of expansion which, however, is found to be compatible with current SNe Ia observations and CMB anisotropy measurements. Further the third law of thermodynamics is obeyed in our case. Our model is very general in the sense that many of earlier works in this field may be obtained as a special case of our solution. An interesting point to note is that the model also apparently suggests a smooth transition from the big bang to the big rip in its whole evaluation process.

Testing the mapping between redshift and cosmic scale factor

The canonical redshift-scale factor relation, 1/a=1+z, is a key element in the standard LambdaCDM model of the big bang cosmology. Despite its fundamental role, this relation has not yet undergone any observational tests since Lemaitre and Hubble established the expansion of the Universe. It is strictly based on the assumption of the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker metric describing a locally homogeneous and isotropic universe and that photons move on null geodesics of the metric. Thus any violation of this assumption, within general relativity or modified gravity, can yield a different mapping between the model redshift z=1/a-1 and the actually observed redshift z_obs, i.e. z_obs neq z. Here we perform a simple test of consistency for the standard redshift-scale factor relation by determining simultaneous observational constraints on the concordance LambdaCDM cosmological parameters and a generalized redshift mapping z=f(z_obs). Using current baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) and Type Ia supernova (SN) data we demonstrate that the generalized redshift mapping is strongly degenerated with dark energy. Marginalization over a class of monotonic functions f(z_obs) changes substantially degeneracy between matter and dark energy density: the density parameters become anti correlated with nearly vertical axis of degeneracy. Furthermore, we show that current SN and BAO data, analysed in a framework with the generalized redshift mapping, do not constrain dark energy unless the BAO data include the measurements from the Ly-alpha forest of high-redshift quasars.

Electrophysiological Evidence for Intrinsic Pacemaker Currents in Crayfish Parasol Cells.

I used sharp intracellular electrodes to record from parasol cells in the semi-isolated crayfish brain to investigate pacemaker currents. Evidence for the presence of the hyperpolarization-activated inward rectifier potassium current was obtained in about half of the parasol cells examined, where strong, prolonged hyperpolarizing currents generated a slowly-rising voltage sag, and a post-hyperpolarization rebound. The amplitudes of both the sag voltage and the depolarizing rebound were dependent upon the strength of the hyperpolarizing current. The voltage sag showed a definite threshold and was non-inactivating. The voltage sag and rebound depolarization evoked by hyperpolarization were blocked by the presence of 5–10 mM Cs2+ ions, 10 mM tetraethyl ammonium chloride, and 10 mM cobalt chloride in the bathing medium, but not by the drug ZD 7288. Cs+ ions in normal saline in some cells caused a slight increase in mean resting potential and a reduction in spontaneous burst frequency. Many of the neurons expressing the hyperpolarization-activated inward potassium current also provided evidence for the presence of the transient potassium current IA, which was inferred from experimental observations of an increased latency of post-hyperpolarization response to a depolarizing step, compared to the response latency to the depolarization alone. The latency increase was reduced in the presence of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a specific blocker of IA. The presence of 4-AP in normal saline also induced spontaneous bursting in parasol cells. It is conjectured that, under normal physiological conditions, these two potassium currents help to regulate burst generation in parasol cells, respectively, by helping to maintain the resting membrane potential near a threshold level for burst generation, and by regulating the rate of rise of membrane depolarizing events leading to burst generation. The presence of post-burst hyperpolarization may depend upon IA channels in parasol cells.

The variation of the fine-structure constant from disformal couplings

We study a theory in which the electromagnetic field is disformally coupled to a scalar field, in addition to a usual non-minimal electromagnetic coupling. We show that disformal couplings modify the expression for the fine-structure constant, α. As a result, the theory we consider can explain the non-zero reported variation in the evolution of α by purely considering disformal couplings. We also find that if matter and photons are coupled in the same way to the scalar field, disformal couplings itself do not lead to a variation of the fine-structure constant. A number of scenarios are discussed consistent with the current astrophysical, geochemical, laboratory and the cosmic microwave background radiation constraints on the cosmological evolution of α. The models presented are also consistent with the current type Ia supernovae constraints on the effective dark energy equation of state. We find that the Oklo bound in particular puts strong constraints on the model parameters. From our numerical results, we find that the introduction of a non-minimal electromagnetic coupling enhances the cosmological variation in α. Better constrained data is expected to be reported by ALMA and with the forthcoming generation of high-resolution ultra-stable spectrographs such as PEPSI, ESPRESSO, and ELT-HIRES. Furthermore, an expected increase in the sensitivity of molecular and nuclear clocks will put a more stringent constraint on the theory.

Electrooxidation of Methanol at PANI/POAP Bilayered Structure Modified Platinum and Graphite Electrodes

Polyaniline/Poly(o-aminophenol) (PANI/POAP) bilayered films were deposited by electro polymerization on platinum (Pt) and graphite (Gra) electrodes for methanol oxidation in direct methanol fuel cells. The chemical composition of bilayered structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Results demonstrated the presence of FTIR peaks associated to PANI and POAP constituents confirming the bonding of PANI and POAP in the bilayered composite structure. The electrochemical properties of PANI/POAP electrodes were examined in pure and sulfuric acid mixed methanol solutions using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). PANI/POAP-Gra electrode showed less reactivity towards methanol oxidation, as well as poor stability upon repeated cycling. On the other hand, PANI/POAP-Pt electrode exhibited superior performance with high methanol oxidation current (Ia), capacitance (C), and specific capacitance (Cs). In addition, PANI-POAP-Pt electrode was found better than PANI-POAP-Gra electrode in terms of operation stability based on continuous cycling in methanol up to 100 cycles. The dielectric properties and AC conductivity (σac) of the PANI/POAP-Pt electrode with respect to the applied potential have been discussed.

Investigation of an extractor gauge modified by carbon nanotubes emitter grown on stainless steel substrate

This paper presents an investigation of carbon nanotube (CNT) emitter-based ionization gauge. The metrological performances of this CNT emitter-based ionization gauge were investigated and studied by numerical and experimental methods. The electron source was constructed with multi-wall nanotubes (MWNT), which were grown on stainless steel substrate using thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. The influence of anode and reflector voltages on the anode current Ia and ion current I+ were studied in this work, respectively. The electron transmittance increases significantly along with the increase of anode voltage, and I+ increases dramatically as the increase of reflector voltage from 0 V to 525 V, but it decreases again with the further increase of reflector voltage to 600 V. The studied gauge with CNT cathode has good measurement linearity from 1.0 × 10−8 Pa to 5.0 × 10−4 Pa and a gauge sensitivity of 0.03 Pa−1 for argon is achieved.

Arsenic and ultraviolet radiation exposure: melanoma in a New Mexico non-Hispanic white population.

Cases of cutaneous melanoma and controls were enrolled in a New Mexico population-based study; subjects were administered questionnaires concerning ultraviolet (UV) and inorganic arsenic (iAs) exposure. Historical iAs exposure was estimated. UV exposure estimates were also derived using geospatial methods. Drinking water samples were collected for iAs analysis. Blood samples were collected for DNA repair (Comet) and DNA repair gene polymorphism assays. Arsenic concentrations were determined in urine and toenail samples. UV exposures during the previous 90days did not vary significantly between cases and controls. Mean (±SD) current home iAs drinking water was not significantly different for cases and controls [3.98μg/L (±3.67) vs. 3.47μg/L (±2.40)]. iAs exposure showed no effect on DNA repair or association with melanoma. Results did not corroborate a previously reported association between toenail As and melanoma risk. Arsenic biomarkers in urine and toenail were highly significantly correlated with iAs in drinking water. A UV-DNA repair interaction for UV exposure over the previous 7-90days was shown; cases had higher DNA damage than controls at low UV values. This novel finding suggests that melanoma cases may be more sensitive to low-level UV exposure than are controls. A UV-APEX1 interaction was shown. Subjects with the homozygous rare APEX1 DNA repair gene allele had a higher risk of early melanoma diagnosis at low UV exposure compared with those with the homozygous wild type or the heterozygote. Notably, a UV-arsenic interaction on inhibition of DNA repair was not observed at iAs drinking water concentrations below 10ppb (μg/L).

PROBING COSMOLOGICAL ISOTROPY WITH TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE

We investigate the validity of the Cosmological Principle by mapping the cosmological parameters $H_0$ and $q_0$ through the celestial sphere. In our analysis, performed in a low-redshift regime to follow a model-independent approach, we use two compilations of type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia), namely the Union2.1 and the JLA datasets. Firstly, we show that the angular distributions for both SNe Ia datasets are statistically anisotropic at high confidence level ($p$-value $<$ 0.0001), in particular the JLA sample. Then we find that the cosmic expansion and acceleration are mainly of dipolar type, with maximal anisotropic expansion [acceleration] pointing towards $(l,b) \simeq (326^{\circ},12^{\circ})$ [$(l,b) \simeq (174^{\circ},27^{\circ})$], and $(l,b) \simeq (58^{\circ},-60^{\circ})$ [$(l,b) \simeq (225^{\circ},51^{\circ})$] for the Union2.1 and JLA data, respectively. Secondly, we use a geometrical method to test the hypothesis that the non-uniformly distributed SNe Ia events could introduce anisotropic imprints on the cosmological expansion and acceleration. For the JLA compilation, we found significant correlations between the celestial distribution of data points and the directional studies of $H_0$ and $q_0$, suggesting that these results can be attributed to the intrinsic anisotropy of the sample. In the case of the Union2.1 data, nonetheless, these correlations are less pronounced, and we verify that the dipole asymmetry found in the $H_0$ analyses coincides with the well-known bulk-flow motion of our local group. From these analyses, we conclude that the directional asymmetry on the cosmological parameters maps are mainly either of local origin or due to celestial incompleteness of current SNe Ia samples.

Prognostic Impact of Preoperative Tumor Marker Levels and Lymphovascular Invasion in Pathological Stage I Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung

Some unfavorable prognostic factors for stage I non-small-cell lung cancers have been reported; however, they are not reflected in the current Tumor-Node-Metastasis classification. We retrospectively reviewed 629 patients who underwent complete resection of pathological stage I adenocarcinomas (ADs) or squamous cell carcinomas (SQs) at two institutes between 1996 and 2011. The correlation between clinicopathological characteristics and survival rates was analyzed to identify prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis indicated that among ADs, high serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels (p = 0.04 for overall survival [OS]; p < 0.01 for recurrence-free survival [RFS]; p = 0.02 for disease-specific survival [DSS]), lymphatic permeation (p < 0.01 for RFS and DSS), and vascular invasion (p < 0.01 for OS and RFS; p = 0.03 for DSS) were independent prognostic factors. Among SQs, high squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) (p < 0.05 for OS), and vascular invasion (p < 0.05 for RFS and DSS) were independently prognostic. We suggest that among completely resected tumors less than or equal to 5 cm without lymph node metastasis, the current stages IA and IB AD with high serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels, lymphatic permeation, or vascular invasion should be upgraded to stage IB and IIA, respectively. The current stage IA SQ with high SCC antigen levels or vascular invasion should be upgraded to stage IB. These reclassifications accurately reflect survival status (p < 0.04 in all comparisons). Some important differences in prognostic factors were observed between AD and SQ. High preoperative serum tumor marker levels and lymphovascular invasion should be included as additional criteria in the forthcoming Tumor-Node-Metastasis staging.

Thermodynamical behavior of the variable Chaplygin gas

The thermodynamical behavior of the variable Chaplygin gas (VCG) model is studied, using an equation-of-state (EoS) like [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text]. Here B0 is a positive universal constant, n is also a constant and V is the volume of the fluid. From the consideration of thermodynamic stability, it is seen that only if the values of n are allowed to be negative, then [Formula: see text] throughout the evolution. Again thermal capacity at constant volume cV shows positive expression. Using the best fit value of n = -3.4 as previously found by Guo and Zhang (Phys. Lett. B. 645 (2007) 326) gives that the fluid is thermodynamically stable throughout the evolution. The effective EoS for the special case of n = 0 goes to Λ Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) model. Again for n &lt; 0, it favors phantom-like cosmology which is in agreement with the current SNe Ia constraints like VCG model. The deceleration parameter is also studied in the context of thermodynamics and the analysis shows that the flip occurs for the value of n &lt; 4. Finally, the thermal EoS is discussed which is an explicit function of temperature only. It is also observed that the third law of thermodynamics is satisfied in this model. As expected, the volume increases as temperature falls during adiabatic expansions. In this case, for T → 0, the thermal EoS reduces to [Formula: see text], which is identical with the EoS for the case of large volume.

IMPACT ASSESSMENT RESEARCH IN BRAZIL: ACHIEVEMENTS, GAPS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

This paper provides an overview of current IA research in Brazil, considering its extension, lessons learned and the quality of its practice, as well as barriers to research, current gaps and future research endeavours. Despite the big effort devoted to IA research in the country, there is a small number of groups dedicated to the systematic research of IA instruments, its procedures and methods, the assessment of its effectiveness and the evidence to support good practice, the study of the organization of IA systems and their influence on decision-making. In our opinion, the lack of a well structured and distinct field of training and research is one of the major barriers to IA research. Similar to other countries, IA research is not recognised by scientific agencies/committees as a proper field of research, which means the majority of IA research grants is being evaluated/approved by committees with a small or no background in IA. There is, however, a significant contribution to be offered by research to foster IA development in Brazil. Besides the systematic assessment of IA effectiveness and the definition of procedures, methods and approaches to fill the currently well-described gaps, future research efforts should include the study of learning processes through IA practice and their influence in decision-making, the connections between IA and planning, and the benchmarks to environmental governance coming from IA practice.