CuO Nano Research Articles

Preparation and Characterization of CuO Nano Particles Using Sol-Gel Method and Its Application as CuO/ Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Supported Catalyst

In this research copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were prepared by sol gel method. In this method CuCl₂.2H₂O was used as precursor, the obtained CuO nanoparticles were further supported by alumina to produce copper oxide support on alumina catalyst, the copper oxide nanoparticle and the catalyst were characterized using different analytical techniques such as titrimetric method, x-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and the catalyst was applied in the synthesis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). The obtained results indicated the formation of copper oxide nanoparticles and copper oxide supported in alumina catalyst in high quality, also the catalyst increased the rate of formation of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS).

Structure, morphology, thermal and electrochemical studies of electrochemically synthesized polyaniline/copper oxide nanocomposite for energy storage devices

Polyaniline (PANI)/copper oxide nano composite (PCN) was synthesized by electrochemical deposition method. The PCN nanocomposite was characterized by using Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Impedance analyser and electrochemical workstation methods. The FT-IR analysis shows proper chemical interaction of PANI with CuO nanoparticles. In XRD it is found that the amorphousity increases with increasing CuO concentration. The surface morphology observed changes from granular to rod shape structure and TEM gives the particle size range from 30–70 nm. UV-visible spectra shows increase the absorption and decreased the optical band gap with addition of nano composite concentration. The CV curve exhibits rectangular shape with high current density and specific capacitance (Csp) was observed increases with increasing CuO nano concentration at various scan rates from 100–500 mVs−1. The highest specific capacitance (Csp) value 286.66 Fg−1 was obtained for PCN1 nano composite. These results suggest that the PCN nano composite can be used in the energy storage device applications.

The Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity of Non-Polar Hybrid CuO Nanofluid (CuO+ DEA + Cyclohexane) (CuO + DEA + 1-4 Dioxane)

Nano fluid is the new class of engineering fluid for the heat transfer applications. Copper Oxide (CuO) nano particles were dispersed in the binary fluid (Cyclohexane + DEA) and (1-4 dioxane + DEA) then prepared non-polar hybrid CuO nano fluid. Thermal conductivity (K ) and viscosity (η) of non-polar hybrid CuO nanofluid measured for very low concentration from 0.01 M to 0.06 M and various temperatures ranging from 298 K to 318 K. The transient hotwire method is used for the thermal conductivity measurements and viscometer is used for the viscosity measurement. As the concentration increases K decreases but it increases with the increase of temperature. η increases with the increase of concentration as well as with temperature. From the results the spectacular heat transfer enhancement occurred in the hybrid CuO nanofluid compared to the binary mixtures. The percentage increment of thermal conductivity of non-polar hybrid CuO nano fluid is of 15% to 20% and the viscosity increment is of from 18% to 25%.

Energy conservation in the refrigeration system through improvement of Coefficient of Performance and power consumption reduction using Nanofluids

The performance of the refrigeration system can be improved by means of employing Nano refrigerants by dispersing Nanoparticles. In the present study, CuO, ZnO and Al2O3 nanoparticles have been synthesised by chemical method and characterised by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fourier Transfer Infrared Spectroscopy. The effect of Nanofluid refrigerants on the Coefficient of Performance and power consumption have been studied. Improvement in COP was achieved for CuO and Al2O3 Nano refrigerants such as 12.2% and 3.42% respectively when compared to normal refrigerants at 0.1% with Polyester oil. Reduction in power consumption has been achieved for CuO and Al2O3 Nano refrigerants such as 1.39% and 0.6% respectively when compared to normal refrigerants at 0.1% with Polyester oil. Effective improvement has been achieved by Nano-refrigerant in Vapour Compression Refrigeration system, which can be attributed to the dispersion property of Nanoparticles which enhances the thermal conductivity and heat transfer coefficient.

Fabrication and characterization of needle shaped CuO nanoparticles and their application as photocatalyst for degradation of organic pollutants

Fabrication of nanomaterials for deprivation of organic pollutants like dyes is important. In present research work spotlight is on preparation of copper oxide (CuO) nano needles and characterized by using various techniques such as ultraviolet (UV)–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The photocatalytic efficiency of CuO nano needles has been examined on both kind of dyes such as cation dye (Victoria Blue) and anionic dye (Direct Red 81). CuO nano needles catalytic efficiency in degradation of dye was measured by examining the change in absorbance of dye under UV-spectrophotometer. The effects of functional parameters such as catalyst amount, pH and initial dye concentration were explored. CuO nano needles demonstrated brilliant degradation capacity in the existence of UV–visible radiations. Degradation processes follows pseudo-first order kinetics. The rate constant was fruitfully launched and reusability experiments were made to assure the steadiness of the used catalysts.

Role of nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots on CuO nano-leaves as solar induced photo catalyst

A p-type transition metal oxide, copper oxide (CuO) was modified with nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots (NCQDs) to fabricate an effective CuO/NCQDs solar driven photo catalyst. The fabrication of single phase monoclinic CuO was confirmed by XRD. SEM images showed the leaf like morphology for CuO which appeared rough and densely packed in CuO/NCQDs composites. TEM images of CuO/NCQDs shows slightly distorted nano-leaves with NCQDs dispersed on them. HRTEM of CuO/NCQDs shows fringes with characteristic planes confirming that the addition of NCQDs has not distorted the crystal structure of CuO. SAED of CuO/NCQDs further confirms the crystalline nature of the as synthesized composite photo catalyst by exhibiting bright diffraction rings. These results further supported the XRD data. EDS spectra of NCQDs and CuO/NCQDs confirm the formation of pure nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots and Cu, N, C and O atoms confirming that NCQDs are well incorporated on CuO Nano leaves. UV–Vis spectra showed a slight increase of band gap energies due to quantum confinement effects. PL spectra exhibited decreased photoluminescence intensity indicating suppression of recombination rate. The developed photocatalyst was applied for the degradation of harmful dye methyl orange. The composite catalyst showed superior degradation efficiency as compared to pure CuO nano-leaves attributed to enhanced visible light absorption and better charge separation ability due to introduction of NCQDs.

Antibacterial activity of CuO - cellulose nano rods depends on anew green synthesis (cotton)

In this study CuO nano sheets were prepared using the cellulose extracted from green synthesis (cotton) as a novel me project. Structural properties were examined using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and Ultra Violet (UV-Vis). The optimum copper oxide peak was at 2 theta 〖35.44〗^°corresponding to (1 11) while for the cellulose was 〖22.8〗^°corresponds to (002). FESEM images of CuO nano sheets were relatively homogenous with diameters less than 30 nm. The UV-Vis for CuO-cellulose nano rods was observed at 350-360 nm, which is higher than of pure CuO nano sheet. The energy band gaps were 3.20 eV and 3.30 eV of CuO and CuO-CNR respectively. Finally antimicrobial activities of samples have been investigated against the Gram positive (pneumonia) and gram-negative (pseudomonas). The maximum antibacterial activities against the Gram positive (pneumonia) of CuO nano sheet and of CuO- cellulose nano rods are 16 mm and 19 mm respectively. The maximum antibacterial activities against the Gram negative (pseudomonas) of CuO nano sheet and of CuO- cellulose nano rods are 30 mm and 33 mm.

Enhancement of Heat Transfer through a Hole Type Twisted Tape Insert using 0.4% Concentration Cuo (Copper Oxide) Nano Fluid

Heat is transferred from one fluid to another fluid in the heat exchanger influenced by the motion of molecules of fluids in the heat exchanger tube. An experimental work was conducted for determining the enhancement of heat transfer in heat exchanger using water and nanofluid flowing through circular and horizontal duct inserted with rotating twisted tape. A stainless-steel pipe with outer diameter 34mm and internal diameter of 30mm with insertion of a test section length of 800mm, a stainless-steel twisted type tape with 2.37 twist ratio with holes of 2.5mm diameter with 40mm interval distance was pushed into the circular duct. The tape which is made to rotate inside the tube. An invariable heat of the tube was produced by using heaters located on the external part of the circular duct. The significant limitation of conventional fluids is its lower conductivity in the area of development of fluids for heat transfer that are needed in many applications. In this work, the suggestion of an advanced category of fluids, which can be produced by suspending Nanoparticles in establishing fluids are used. The suspension of Nanoparticles with the base fluid the thermo-physical attributes of Nanofluids are changed when compared with those of currently used fluids and this represents the hope for improved heat carrying capacity in the heat exchanger. The properties and possible use of the Nanofluids are estimated. In this investigation, an experimental study has been carried to determine the results of 0.4% concentration CuO (Copper Oxide) Nanofluid which is synthesized with water as base fluid in the place of currently used heat transfer fluids like water, etc. where we are comparing the experimental results obtained from experiments done on water and water based CuO Nanofluid at 0.4% concentration. The experiment is conducted using rotating hole type twisted tape with the speed varying from 0 to 300 RPM and flow rate is ranging from 1 to 3 LPM.

Effect of Addition of Different Mass Fractions of CuO Nano Particles in Compressor oil upon COP of the Refrigeration System

Nano fluids are produced by mixing particles of nano dimensions in the standard fluids. Thermal conductivities of the nanofluids are higher than that of the base fluids. These are the properties which makes nanofluids unique and superior to normal solid liquid suspensions. i) heat transfer between the particles and fluid is higher due to the high surface area of the particles ii) enhanced dispersion stability with pre-eminent Brownian motion iii) particle clogging is minimized iv) Power required for pumping is less as compared to the base fluid for proportionate heat transfer. In this project Cu0 nanoparticles of size 20nm-50nm has been used as Nano lubricant for performance study of Refrigeration test rig. CuO nanoparticles are mixed in POE oil (Compressor oil) to form the nanolubricant. The nanolubricant so formed is further stabilized by Ultrasonic agitation. Nano lubricants with specific mass fractions 0.30%, 0.70%, 1.05%, 1.4% are added in the compressor oil and the experimentation is carried out which shows significant improvement in the performance of refrigeration system. Compressor work is reduced and consequently COP of refrigeration system is improved.

Thermal Behaviour Study of Heat Exchanger with Heat Pipes Using CuO Nano Fluid

Thermal Behaviour Study of Heat Exchanger with Heat Pipes Using CuO Nano Fluid

A Low Cost Synthesis and Characterization of CuO Nanoparticles for Photovoltaic Applications

A simple low cost chemical route has been used to synthesize cupric oxide nanoparticles. The synthesized CuO nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, TEM and UV-absorption. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the synthesized nanoparticles to be a pure cupric oxide. EDAX analysis showed the presence of copper and Oxygen in the as prepared CuO nano particles, with the AAS indicating that Cu2+ represented 53.5% of the sample. The particle size and particle size distribution of the cupric oxide nanoparticles were obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) whereas the crystallite size and crystallite size distribution were obtained by X-ray diffraction. The particle size was found to be between 20 nm and 60 nm. The particle size distribution obtained from cumulative percentage frequency plots features a log-normal function. Absorbance measurements and analysis showed that the material has an absorbance peak at 314 nm and energy bandgap of 1.48 eV, making it a good candidate for photovoltaic applications.

CuO nano particles synthesized via the mechanichanical method starting with solids state chemichal reactions.

Copper oxide nanoparticles have been prepared by the reductions of cupper salts in the solid sodium hydroxid in the presence of salisylic acid as a catalyst and NaOH as asstabilizing. The prepared nano particles were charecterized using. FT–IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction pattern, and scanning electron microscope, the synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles, have sizes in the range of (5-31)nm and layer thikness 6-9nm depending on the starting materials ( cupper salts).

Antibacterial activity assessment and characterization of green synthesized CuO nano rods using Asparagus racemosus roots extract

The present investigation aims to synthesize copper oxide nano rods using Asparagus racemosus roots extract (Ar–CuO) in an ecofriendly process. The synthesized CuO nano rods are characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, FT-IR, Raman and UV–visible spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction pattern showed typical monoclinic structure. SEM and TEM analysis revealed the formation of self-assembled CuO nano rods with diameter and length ~ 50–100 nm and 400–500 nm respectively. The antimicrobial activity of green synthesized copper oxide nanorods was tested against various bacterial pathogens i.e., E. coli, B. subtilus, K. pneumonia, A. hydrophila, P. fluorescens, Y. ruckeri, F. branchiophilum and E. tarda with fascinating action towards harmful bacteria.

All-solid-state metal-mediated Z-scheme photoelectrochemical immunoassay with enhanced photoexcited charge-separation for monitoring of prostate-specific antigen

An all-solid-state metal-mediated Z-scheme photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunoassay was designed for sensitive detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) by using WO3-Au-CdS nanocomposite as photoactive material and copper ion (Cu2+) as an inhibitor. The Z-scheme PEC system comprising of CdS nanoparticle (photosystem I; PS I), WO3 nanorod (photosystem II; PS II) and gold nanoparticle (Au NP; solid electron mediator) was reasonably established by a simple and green synthetic method. As an important part of Z-scheme system, the sandwiched gold nanoparticles between electron donor materials and hole provider materials could accelerate electron transfer from positive conduction band (CB) of WO3 to negative valence band (VB) of CdS, thus resulting in high-efficient separation of the carriers. In the presence of target PSA, a sandwiched immunoreaction was executed between capture antibody-coated microplate and CuO nanoparticle-labeled detection antibody. Thereafter, CuO nano labels were dissolved into Cu2+ ions under acidic condition to decrease the photocurrent of Z-scheme WO3-Au-CdS thanks to the formation of exciton trapping center of CuxS (x = 1,2) on the surface. Under optimum conditions, Z-scheme PEC immunoassay exhibited good photocurrents toward target PSA within a linear range of 0.01–50 ng mL−1 at a limit of detection of 1.8 pg mL−1. Moreover, the Z-scheme PEC immunoassay had high selectivity and accuracy. Importantly, this method provides a new horizon for detection of disease-related biomarkers with high sensitivity.

Comprehensive Study on the Effect of CuO Nano Fluids Prepared Using One-Step Chemical Synthesis Method on the Behavior of Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel in Compression Ignition Engine

Vegetable oil is considered as one among the promising alternatives for diesel fuel as it holds properties very close to diesel fuel. However, straight usage of vegetable oil in compression ignition (CI) engine resulted in inferior performance and emission behavior. This can be improved by modifying the straight vegetable oil into its esters, emulsion, and using them as a fuel in CI engine showcased an improved engine behavior. Waste cooking oil (WCO) is one such kind of vegetable oil gained a lot of attraction globally as it is generated in a large quantity locally. The present investigation aims at analyzing various parameters of single cylinder four stroke CI engine fueled with waste cooking oil biodiesel (WCOB), waste cooking oil biodiesel water emulsion (WCOBE) while the engine is operated with a constant speed of 1500 rpm. Furthermore, an attempt is made to study the impact of nanofluids in the behavior of the engine fueled with WCOB blended with nanofluids (WCOBN50). This work also explored a novel method of producing nanofluids using one-step chemical synthesis method. Copper oxide (CuO) nanofluids were prepared by the above mentioned method and blended with waste cooking oil biodiesel (WCOBN50) using ethylene glycol as a suitable emulsifier. Results revealed that brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of WCOBN50 are significantly improved when compared to WCOB and WCOBE. Furthermore, a higher reduction in oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and smoke emissions were observed with WCOBN50 on comparison with all other tested fuels at different power outputs. It is also identified that one-step chemical synthesis method is a promising technique for preparing nanofluids with a high range of stability.

Experimental study on thermal performance of solar absorber with CuO nano structure selective coating

Abstract To improve the efficiency of solar thermal collector, solar absorber with selective coating is essential. Solar absorbers with CuO nano structure selective coating were prepared by chemical oxidation with 0.065mol/L K2S2O8 and 2.5mol/L KOH solution at 60℃ for 5min, 15min and 60min, respectively, and then heat treated at 180℃ in air for 2h. Transient calorimetric method was applied to obtain the absorptance (α). And outdoor tests were conducted in summer in Nanjing to obtain emittance (e) of CuO nano structure selective coating and instantaneous efficiency of solar absorber. It shows that the oxidation time has obvious effect on absorptance, emittance of CuO nano structure selective coating and instantaneous efficiency of solar absorber. The absorptance and emittance (α/e) are measured to be approximately 0.88/0.13 (5min), 0.90/0.11 (15min) and 0.88/0.39 (60min). The instantaneous efficiency measured to be 76.8% (5min), 78.3% (15min) and 64.9% (60min). CuO nano structure selective coating showed great potential on application of solar thermal collector.

Optical characterization of tungsten doped CuO nanoparticles produced through Micro-EDM

Abstract Study of doped nanoparticles draws more attention by many researchers due to its excellent properties. In this investigation, optical performance is carried out of tungsten doped CuO nanoparticles produced through Micro-EDM process. Pure and tungsten doped CuO nano powders (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 % of W) have been produced by varying frequency of micro-EDM. The produced tungsten doped CuO nanoparticles were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The size of nanoparticles is depicted by UV-Vis spectroscopy which indicate smaller size nanoparticles are fabricated at 30V.

Heat Transfer Performance Analysis of Screen Mesh Wick Heat Pipe Using CuO Nano Fluid

In this paper, the effect of multilayer screen mesh wicks and CuO nano-fluid as working fluid is investigated on the performance of heat pipe. Three heat pipes were fabricated with different layers of screen mesh wicks to improve capillary action of working fluid. Heat pipes of 350 mm length and 19.5 mm diameter were used. The different mesh configurations used in this work were 100+150 mesh, 100+2X150 mesh and 4X150 meshes. The concentration of CuO nano-fluids in the experiments was maintained at 1% by weight of water. The heat pipes are tested with water and CuO as working fluid for different heat inputs of 35W, 50W 75W, 100W and 120W. The thermal resistance and heat transfer rate were determined. It is found that the thermal resistance decreases with increase in heat input. There is increase in heat transfer rate in case of CuO nanofluid loading in ordinary water compared to distilled water as working fluid. For all orientation the maximum heat transfer through the heat pipe increased as the number of mesh layer of the wick is increased. The heat transfer rate is found to be maximum at 100 l/h mass flow rate compared to that of 150 l/h.

Preparation and Application of La2O3 and CuO Nano Particles as Catalysts for Ammonium Perchlorate Thermal Decomposition

AbstractNanoparticles (NPs) from lanthanum oxide (La2O3) and copper oxide (CuO) with spherical morphology were synthesized through precursor calcinations of copper and lanthanum carbonate and then using a bioactive shell membrane of eggshell. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to evaluate particle size, chemical structure, purity and morphology of the synthesized La2O3 and CuO NPs. The XRD outcomes established the creation of the targeted compounds, SEM images obviously displayed morphology of the synthesized La2O3 and CuO as spherical NPs with average particle sizes of roughly 35 and 30 nm, correspondingly. The catalytic effects of these NPs on the thermal decomposition behavior of ammonium perchlorate (AP) were tested using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in coupling with thermo‐gravimetric analysis (TG). The results of these experiments showed that the addition of 5 % La2O3 nanoparticles has an attractive catalytic effect on the thermal decomposition of the AP. Moreover, AP thermal decomposition was facilitated by the addition of 5 % CuO NPs. A more accurate comparison was made between the catalytic effects of synthesized NPs via computing their thermal decomposition activation energies (E), ΔS#, ΔH# and ΔG# using diverse non‐isothermal approaches.

High Reliability of Ag Reflectors with AgCu Alloy for High Efficiency GaN-Based Light Emitting Diodes.

We propose an Ag reflector layer with an AgCu alloy layer as a thermally reliable reflector for high power flip-chip and vertical light emitting diodes (LEDs). By annealing the deposited Ag and Cu layers, intermixed grains and grain boundaries from the alloyed AgCu layer were formed on the LEDs, and CuO nano dots precipitated at the grain boundaries. A thick AgCu layer was deposited to cover the AgCu alloy layer. The precipitation of the CuO nano dots at the grain boundaries suppressed Ag agglomeration, leading to enhanced light reflectance after the annealing process. Consequently, the alloyed AgCu/Ag reflector produced by annealing at a high temperature of 500 °C demonstrated a higher reflectance of 78% and a lower contact resistance of 7.0 × 10-5 Ω · cm2.