Farming Culture Research Articles

Extension and Advisory Organizations on the Road to the Digitalization of Animal Farming: An Organizational Learning Perspective.

Simple SummaryWhile agricultural digitalization is viewed as a revolutionary shift that has the potential to regenerate agriculture, it may have disruptive impacts on agricultural extension and advisory organizations. Adaptive or transitional change (morphostasis) can help these organizations survive and achieve their goals through learning to perform their chosen strategies in a different environment. On the other hand, transformative change (morphogenesis) leads organizations to learn by questioning their purposes, value systems, routines, and operating paradigms, and by moving out of their comfort zone. In this conceptual article, we outline these two change pathways, and we present the learning opportunities that they create for extension and advisory organizations.Agricultural digitalization emerged as a radical innovation, punctuating the gradual evolution of the agrifood sector and having the potential to fundamentally restructure the context within which extension and advisory organizations operate. Digital technologies are expected to alter the practice and culture of animal farming in the future. To suit the changing environmental conditions, organizations can make minor adjustments or can call into question their purposes, belief systems, and operating paradigms. Each pattern of change is associated with different types of organizational learning. In this conceptual article, adopting an organizational learning perspective and building upon organizational change models, we present two potential change and learning pathways that extension and advisory organizations can follow to cope with digitalization: morphostasis and morphogenesis. Morphostatic change has a transitional nature and helps organizations survive by adapting to the new environmental conditions. Organizations that follow this pathway learn by recognizing and correcting errors. This way, they increase their competence in specific services and activities. Morphogenetic change, on the other hand, occurs when organizations acknowledge the need to move beyond existing operating paradigms, redefine their purposes, and explore new possibilities. By transforming themselves, organizations learn new ways to understand and interpret contextual cues. We conclude by presenting some factors that explain extension and advisory organizations’ tendency to morphostasis.

Alterations in biochemical parameters of fish species under choline administration directly into the pond water in a semi-intensive fish farming system: A comparative study

The present study deals with the impact of choline chloride supplementation, applied directly into the pond water in a semi-intensive farm culture system for 90 d on two Indian Major Carps (IMCs) (Catla catla, Labeo rohita) and two air-breathing teleostean fishes (Anabas testudineus, Clarias batracus).The experiment was conducted in two seasons (breeding and dry) under choline (treated) and non-choline (control) exposure. Biochemical parameters, viz., PRO (total protein) content gained maximum significantly (p< 0.01) in treated-breeding with the lowest in control-dry in intestine, liver, muscle, brain. IMCs showed significant (p< 0.01) increased amylase activity in the liver and intestine in treated-dry and treatment-breeding conditions, while liver amylase activity in both the seasons increased manifolds significantly (p< 0.01) in air-breathing fishes, showing a sharp decline only in the intestine. Protease and lipase activity in the intestine and liver of choline-fed fishes disclosed declining trend in the breeding season significantly (p< 0.01), but treated (choline-fed) IMCs under dry revealed the significant (p< 0.01) increasing and decreasing trend of protease and lipase activity respectively; the reverse trend at dry season was found in air-breathing fishes under choline-fed condition. ALP (alkaline phosphatase) in intestine indicated significant (p< 0.01) lowest activity in treatment-breeding, highest in treatment-dry. This study explored the higher activity towards total protein generation, especially muscle; higher carbohydrate digestion; elevated lipid digestion in choline-fed fishes. So, the fishes from this farm-based pisciculture system are healthy and its yield can be prescribed as a rich source of quality fish food for human health.

Excavating new facts from ancient Hepatitis B virus sequences

Recently, two independent studies discovered 15 ancient Hepatitis B virus (aHBV) sequences, of which 7 dated back to the Neolithic age (NA) and the Bronze Age (BA). In the present research, all the available aHBV sequences were collectively re-analysed with reference to extant HBV diversity to understand the role of these aHBV genotypes in evolution of extant HBV genetic diversity. Several intergenotype recombination events were documented, which corroborated well with population admixture and ancient human migration. Present analyses suggested replacement of HBV genotype associated with early Neolithic European farming cultures by the migrating steppe people, during Bronze Age Steppe migration. Additionally, detailed analyses of recombinations revealed evolution of a number of extant genotypes and suggested their possible site of origin. Through this manuscript, novel and important findings of the analyses are communicated.

Reshaping a farming culture through participatory extension: An institutional logics perspective

Historically the dominant farming culture in Western developed countries, such as Scotland and New Zealand, has been based on maximising food production and maintaining the family business. However, this culture of production and family is under pressure from societal calls to increase the uptake of environmental practices in farm management. The pressure is leading farmers to adopt environmental practices, which causes a clash with the beliefs and values underlying the culture of production and family business. This clash is problematic, as it might form a barrier to sustained environmental change, for which not only practice change is required, but also a change in beliefs and values guiding the farming culture. This study explores the clash using an institutional perspective to: i) analyse how farmer practices, beliefs and values change due to external pressure to adopt environmental practices; ii) identify mechanisms via which this change unfolds; and iii) understand the role of participatory extension programmes in this change. An institutional perspective enables this study to move beyond the role of individual's attitudes and behaviours in adoption of environmental practices, towards considering how farmers' practices, beliefs and values together constitute the culture of farming, and how these are shaped by societal and institutional mechanisms. Twenty Scottish and 52 New Zealand farmers participated in qualitative, open-ended interviews and were observed during discussion groups or advisory meetings. Our findings show that all farmers are guided by a ‘business’, ‘lifestyle’ and/or ‘learning’ logic. The institutional clash influenced practices underlying the business logic to change from being purely based on maximising productivity, to including environmental aspects. However, no change in values was observed. Participatory extension programmes influenced practices, beliefs and values underlying the learning logic (changing from a ‘linear’ to ‘multi-actor’ logic) and thus can help facilitate more effective practice change by providing support via micro-mechanisms and enabling dynamics. The study contributes to current literature by introducing a new lens for understanding change induced by participatory extension programmes and by providing change agents, such as extensionists, with more in-depth knowledge about the main logics guiding the culture of farming, and the mechanisms by which farmer practices, beliefs and values may change. The in depth-knowledge will help to communicate, frame and organise extension initiatives. • Farming culture in Scotland and New Zealand consists of a business and family logic. • Farming culture change is identified after external environmental pressures. • Change is observed in practices and beliefs, but not in values of farmer participants. • Participatory extension can support change, via e.g. timing of programme initiation. • Additional policy instruments are required to generate change in farming culture.

The Culture of Farming by Farmers in the Production Forest Management Unit (KPHP) of Batulanteh, Sumbawa Regency

Farming is the main livelihood of farmers in Sumbawa which is culturally heritated in their live. The purpose of this study is to describe the culture of farming carried out by farmers so that the development policy making can be more directed. This activity was carried out in the Sumbawa Batulanteh KPHP area in August and October 2016. Data were collected through open interviews with 34 respondents living in the area and 34 respondents living outside the area, while the collected data was analyzed descriptively. The total area of arable land by farmers living in the area was 1 hectare per head of household (hh), while those living outside the area were 1.75 hectare / hh. The results of the study showed that farming activities were carried out on arable land and on private land. The longest distance of arable land to the location of residence was 3 km. Agroforestry patterns were chosen by farmers to meet economic and environmental goals. Farmers were not only trying to meet their daily consumption needs, but also their investment needs. Farming activities were influenced by the season, where during the rainy season the activities were planting, whereas during the dry season the activities were only in the form of land preparation. Farmer culture in clearing land was by chopping and burning because it was cheaper and easier, while at harvest time, the waste was returned to the field as compost to fertilize the soil.

Komunikasi dan Akulturasi: Studi Fenomenologi pada Masyarakat Lokal dan Muslim di Perbatasan Indonesia-Malaysia

This study attempted to analyze the process of communication and socio-cultural acculturation, especially local society with Muslims at the border. This research was qualitative using a naturalistic paradigm, with a phenomenological approach. Data were obtained through three ways, namely observation, interviews and documentation. The research method was a case study. The analysis revealed that, first, acculturation in border society occured because there were five aspects affecting it such as increasing population, increasing levels of education, easy and free access to economy, attractions and socio-cultural heterogeneity at the border. The existence of these factors contributed greatly to the reconstruction of the social order of border society. The process of dialectics and communication between cultures of local society and Muslims was bound to make the acculturation process between the two or vice versa. Based on the field findings, there were at least two forms of acculturation process, namely culutural cover and overt cultural. Second, the form of acculturation had two major influences on the local society in particular and the migrant society in general both negative and positive influences. Negative influences included the declining local culture, which began to diminish and traditional lifestyles beginning to change more modern. Meanwhile, positive influences included more practical methods of farming to support local society life, ways of thinking that were more advanced and developing, and more modern lifestyles. As for the acculturation process, it emerged several cultures. Among of them were to create new cultures, such as farming culture, lifestyle, and knowledge. There were also those who maintained the existence of each cultural substance such as language, values and innate norms inherent in the element of origin of culture. Also, it eliminated the culture existed between the two cultures, both the local people culture and the newcomers culture including the way of life from the traditional farming patterns to being more modern. Keyword : Acculturation, Communication, Border Society

Sport and Social Relationships in the Falkland Islands up to 1982

ABSTRACT This article uses sport as a means of examining aspects of social relationships amongst Falkland Islanders up to the 1982 Falklands War. This examination – researched primarily via archival, newspaper, and interview evidence – is accomplished via four routes. Firstly, rifle shooting, including the territorial Falkland Islands Defence Force (FIDF)’s annual participation in the National Rifle Association (NRA)’s imperial tournaments, is used examine the application of popular imperialism and gubernatorial power within Falklands society. Horse racing and other agricultural-based sports are used to display how sport was used a means of displaying occupation prowess, in the context of a paternalistic farming (mono)culture created and managed by the absentee landlords of the Falkland Islands Company (FIC). Third: badminton’s popularity, primarily in the capital, Stanley, is applied towards examining the social lives of women, including amongst its British-born community. Finally, football – whose English clubs were well-followed bye Falklands men over the BBC Empire/World Service – is used to elucidate aspects of Islanders’ relationships with their South American neighbours, including Argentina, which continually claimed sovereignty over the Falklands. This article makes the case that sports culture in the Falklands was both reflective of greater trends in British imperial culture, whilst also containing peculiarities relating to its location, demographics, and unusual political status.

Vegetation dynamics and its response to climate change during the past 2000 years along the Amur River Basin, Northeast China

Abstract The Amur River Basin is located in high latitudes, which is sensitive to the global climate change. However, only a few previous studies have tried to study the climate change in this region. To better understand the historical variation of vegetation and climate during the past 2000 years, we present a new palynological data from the Lesser Khingan Mountains, and compared the vegetation change along the Amur River Basin. It was possible to reconstruct climate based on vegetation composition before human disturbance. The results show that: the climate was moderately cold and humid during the 2000 to 700 cal yr BP, and the vegetation was mainly coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, and the abundance of Cyperaceae was relatively high. After that, the temperature and humidity declined, corresponding to the Little Ice Age. And the vegetation types also obviously changed that the conifers expanded, and the contents of broad-leaved trees and herbaceous Cyperaceae decreased. Since about 150 cal yr BP, the climate tended to be warm which belonged to Current Warm Period, and the main vegetation type was the secondary forests. The spread of the Han farming culture accompanied by the territorial expansion of the Tang Dynasty to the Sanjiang Plain at around 1300 cal yr BP caused human disturbance occurred earlier in the Sanjiang Plain than the Greater and Lesser Khingan Mountains. Additionally, the anthropogenic activities obviously intensified during the past hundred years along the Amur River Basin.

Research on the Fusion of Decoration Design and Modern Elements of the Oroqen Nationality Based on Big Data Analysis

The Oroqen nationality is one of the minority ethnic groups in the north of China. Oroqen is one of the oldest and rarest ethnic groups in China. Since the oroqen ethnic group still retains the characteristics of nomads, many related cultures cannot be retained as the farming culture, and the sharp decrease of population has also become a major problem. Protecting national culture has become an important means to highlight national characteristics and display national personality. However, in-depth study of the shapes and implications of national decorative patterns can better understand the history, humanity, production and life of the nation. In this way, the civilization of the nation can be inherited better, so as to provide a favorable theoretical basis for development.

ФАРҒОНА ВИЛОЯТИДА ФЕРМЕР ХЎЖАЛИКЛАРИ РИВОЖЛАНИШИНИНГ ИЖТИМОИЙ –ҲУДУДИЙ ЖИҲАТЛАРИ

The Fergana Valley is a region rich in various natural resources, where agriculture, animal husbandry, horticulture and other industries flourished. During the years of independence, the productivity of farmers has increased due to the growing sense of ownership of their products, and on this basis, the desire to use the available land more efficiently from year to year. This was naturally due to the fact that the population had a deep understanding of the farming culture and experience. The possibility of exporting the crops grown during the reforms in Fergana region to neighboring countries also became a continuation of the reforms

A Moral Insight into the Culture of Baby Farming and Harvesting for Ritual Sacrifices in Nigeria

Abstract Human ritual sacrifices are one of the cultural practices that are undertaken in Nigeria and in many West African countries. While such ritual sacrifices are utilized for different purposes, this paper, however, focuses on baby farming for the purpose of human child ritual sacrifice for community and individual utilizations. Recruiting women for the sole purpose of using them for procreation is exploitative as such young women are usually in dire economic situations. Baby farmers identify the economic vulnerabilities of such women and make them offers they cannot refuse. In like manner, helpless children who are harvested from the farms and who suffer gruesome deaths must be considered as the greatest victims in baby farming and harvesting arrangements. The paper stresses the need for stricter government vigilance and community sensitization to the horror of killing babies for sacrifice.

Ecological assessment of the condition of soil and field crops cultivation with application of mineral fertilizers in the conditions of the northern steppe of Ukraine

In order to obtain a higher level of crop yields in crop rotation, there is a need to increase the application of fertilizers and pesticides, which, in turn, creates environmental problems of soil and groundwater pollution by harmful chemical elements and compounds. The purpose of the study was to study the influence of fertilizer systems with different tillage systems on the accumulation of heavy metals and nitrates in the soil and the main products of field crops. Bookmarking and conducting field experiments were carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods of research. The maximum increase in grain yield from the use of N48Р18K18 on the shelf tillage system was – 0.25 (8.7%), grain units – 0.36 (9.9%), feed units – 0.41 (10.3%), digestible protein – 0.02 (5.0%) t/ha of crop rotation area. The use of N48Р18K18 in a differentiated tillage system increased grain yield by 0.34 (12.2%), grain units – 0.49 (13.5%), feed units – 1.12 (28.0%), digestible protein – 0.06 (13.6%) t/ha of crop rotation area. The use of N48Р18K18 in crop rotation with a shallow (mulching) tillage system gave an increase in grain yield by 0.38 (13.6%), grain units – 0.51 (14.2%), feed units – 0.57 (14.5%), digestible protein – 0.07 (15.9%) t/ha of crop rotation area. According to the results of research, the highest increases in mineral fertilizers in terms of productivity were characteristic of a shallow (mulching) background with a characteristic stricter nutrient regime. Our research has not found a significant increase in the content of heavy metals and nitrates in the main and by-products of field crops when applying mineral fertilizers, because their content in the products was within acceptable concentrations. The content of nitrates in the grain of different crops ranged from 18 to 40.4 mg/kg at a maximum concentration limit of 300 mg/kg. High culture of agriculture, improvement and development of new, more effective technologies of application of fertilizers in crop rotation and under each field crop taking into account soil and climatic conditions of the region, biological features of cultures and grades, specialization of crop rotations, etc. prevent environmental pollution. Rational use of mineral and organic fertilizers helps to increase soil fertility and is a major and indispensable factor in significantly increasing plant productivity and crop quality, maintaining an active biological and economic balance of nutrients without contamination of the environment with nitrates and heavy metals.

INTEGRATING INTELLIGENCE IN HYDROPONIC FARMS

Agriculture plays a major role on improving the economy of the country. Modern farming technique like Hydroponics is in rise which is soilless farming culture and the plants were grown with the help of nutrient solutions. The Hydroponic system can be controlled by applying machine learning algorithms like Deep Neural Networks. Internet of Things (IoT) allows Machine to Machine communication and controlling the hydroponic system autonomously and intelligently. This work proposes to develop an intelligent IoT based hydroponic system by employing Deep Neural Networks. The system so developed is intelligent enough in providing the appropriate control over the sprinkler and water flow for the hydroponic environment based on the multiple input parameters gathered from sensors like pH, temperature, humidity and water flow.

Research on the Inheritance and Development Strategy of “Hua’er” Based on the influence of Network Technology

Due to the significant changes in the communication environment, the lack of communication subjects (communicators and audiences), the lagging of contemporary style in the communication content, the singularity of the communication channel, and the evolution of communication functions, etc., the “Hua’er” folk song produced in the soil of farming culture is caught in a dilemma of being dissolved in the process of modernization. In this paper, given the survival innovation and development of “Hua’er” folk song in the society today, some strategies are proposed from the aspects of the advance with the times in the communication contents, the return of communication subjects (communicators and audiences), the diversity of communication channels, and the development of cultural industries.

Study on the Spatial Characteristics of Religious Traditional Villages—Take Songpan County, for Example

As the carrier of thousands of years of farming culture in China, the value of traditional villages is self-evident, with the rapid development of cities, the problem of hollowing out villages is becoming more and more serious, and religious traditional villages are rich in culture and are also facing threats. Taking Songpan County as an example, through data reference and field research, the overall spatial landscape, public space characteristics and residential courtyard space features in the village’s physical space features are studied, and the protection strategies of traditional religious villages rooted in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River are explored. It provides useful reference in theory and practice for the protection and construction of traditional villages in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River.

Assessment of soil clogging and seed productivity of weeds on poplar black landings

Goal. Determination of soil contamination of plots planted for planting black poplar and evaluation of seed productivity of weeds.&#x0D; Methods. The level of seed productivity of the weeds was determined by the weighting method in the following sequence. In the experiment, 10 plants of one weed species were cut and manually threshed on a tarpaulin. The purified seeds were weighed and, after determining the mass of 1000 seeds, the average amount (thousand units /plant) of seeds per plant was converted.&#x0D; Results. The problem with perennial plantations of bioenergy crops is that the plants are grown for 10—15 years in monoculture on the same section of the field. Consequently, large stocks of certain weeds in the soil can significantly affect the growth and development and productivity level of cultivated plants. So, before planting a plantation, it is necessary to assess the clogging of the plots for the presence of problematic weed species, which can potentially breed on black poplar plantings and impede effective plant care. Virtually all arable land is mothballed with a different weed seed bank. Weed seed stocks depend on the direction of use of the plot, the culture of agriculture, the quality of agricultural operations on care, crop rotation, culture, etc. However, two areas with the same seed reserves in the soil are difficult to find, although the percentage of the main weed species may be identical.&#x0D; Conclusions. Weeds traditionally have high seed productivity and form large seed banks in the arable soil, reaching 1.5—2.0 million units / ha. Bioenergy crops, especially perennial species, are extremely sensitive to weeds in the first year of growing season. Because they form rather modest growths of vegetative mass and can not receive photosynthetically active energy to the soil, and therefore it is important to ensure the purity of the field from weeds during the first year of vegetation.

The Sustainable Socio-Economic Development of Rural Areas in Terms of Development of Organic Farming

Sustainable socio-economic development of rural areas of the Altai territory in the development of organic farming remains an urgent task. The irrationality of crop management is manifested in the low culture of agriculture, the increased level of unprofitability of territories, which ultimately leads to indifferent farming in the region. The article substantiates that among the internal factors of socio-economic development of rural areas one of the main is the production-territorial localization, represented by the territorial-production localization of raw materials and commodity markets. Production and territorial localization of rural areas allows us to assess the development trends of a single territory, its economic potential in the direction of organic agriculture, as well as contributes to the development of appropriate measures of regional socio-economic policy.

Perlindungan Hukum Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan (PLP2B) Di Kabupaten Gresik Terhadap Ijin Usaha dan Industri

Rather than the function of agricultural land resulted in a variety of direct and indirect impacts and the serious implications of negative impacts on food production, environment, and culture of society that live on the upstream and surrounding land that is converted The. Thus over the function of agricultural land not only causes food production capacity to fall, but is one form of investment waste, degradation of agroecosystems, degradation of traditions and culture of agriculture, and slowly The perpetrators of the food farming will leave the food sector when not balanced by alihfunction control, incentive giving, and community empowerment. Therefore, the determination of sustainable food farming land and the management of food farming land is one of the very strategic policies.

Asymptotic behavior of solutions of Aoki-Shida-Shigesada model in bounded domains

The beginning of the transition from a hunter-gatherer way of life to a more settled, farming-based one in Europe is dated to the Neolithic period. The spread of farming culture from the Middle East is associated, among other things, with the transformation of landscape, cultivation of domesticated plants, domestication of animals, as well as it is identified with the distribution of certain human genetic lineages. Ecological models attribute the Neolithic transition either to the spread of the initial farming populations or to the dispersal of farming knowledge and ideas with the simultaneous conversion of hunter-gatherers to farmers. A reaction-diffusion model proposed by Aoki, Shida and Shigesada in 1996 is the first model that includes the populations of initial farmers and converted farmers from hunter-gatherers. Both populations compete for the same resources in this model, however, otherwise they evolve independently of each other from a genetic point of view. We study the large time behaviour of solutions to this model in bounded domains and we explain which farmers under what conditions dominate over the other and eventually occupy the whole habitat.

The limiting factor: energy, growth, and divergence, 1820–1913

AbstractOn the basis of a new series on the consumption of traditional and modern sources of energy between 1820 and 1913, this article addresses the start of modern growth and the great divergence on the world scale. Since the beginning of the nineteenth century, the greater availability of modern energy sources expanded working capacity well beyond the potential of previous agricultural civilizations. Growth of energy consumption rose primarily in western Europe, northern America, and Oceania. As a result, labour productivity rose, leading to an increase in real wages, which was an incentive to replace labour with mechanical engines. The higher energy consumption in these three macro‐areas led to global inequality in productive capacity and technology which peaked on the eve of the First World War.