Cultural Contact Research Articles

Roots of friendship: Uzbek literature and literary criticism in German literature during 1960-1970 years

Formation and development of literary and cultural contacts, contributed to the domestic and international situation, growing interest in national literatures; acquaintance of the German reader with the life and work of outstanding Uzbek writers and poets, evidence of the sincere sympathy of German scientists, strengthening of international literary relations, assessment of international recognition; Khamza is a talented and multifaceted personality, a well-reasoned assessment of the creativity of Uzbek writers; oppression of the poorest strata of the population, literary theoretical work, fundamental work of German scientists; significant stage, unbiased presentation, horizons of coexistence and development of literatures in the world literary space.

Cultural values and the pragmatic significance of proverbial sayings in Tafi and Ewe

Proverbs have cognitive and socio-cultural value. As tools for socialisation, proverbs are channels of shared moral and cultural values in communities of practice. The paper investigates the functions of, and the cultural values embodied in selected proverbial sayings in Tafi, a Ghana-Togo Mountain language, and their counterparts in Ewe, a Gbe language. The analysis is based on a small corpus of proverbs gathered during immersion fieldwork among the Tafi, and relies on ethnographic and linguistic methods. The Ewe versions are extracted from proverb collections and from the equivalents provided by Tafi bilinguals. From a semantic and a pragmatic perspective, proverbs have both textual and indexical, context-dependent, meanings. I explore the textual semantics of some of the Tafi and Ewe proverbial sayings drawing on the semantic template for proverbs used in the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM). It is suggested that the semantic structure of proverbs comprises framing components of traditionality and of their status as folk wisdom, as well as components describing the message, namely, the recurrent situation that calls forth the proverb, the advice and the analogy in the proverb. The paper reveals that patterns of proverb performance are similar across the languages suggesting shared practices due to language and cultural contact in proverbial language use.

Bolshevism and Religion in Italian Travelogues about Soviet Russia from the 1920s and 1930s

This article analyses religious themes and motifs in travelogues by Italian authors who visited the USSR between the 1920s and 1930s. Their writings deal with religion from two different points of view: first, the authors use religious images and allusions to the Bible and other Christian texts as a common cultural code, which helps them comprehend various phenomena of Soviet reality; second, they explore different ways in which religion is present in Soviet society, which was (as the Italian authors saw it) simultaneously strictly atheistic and permeated with religious spirit. The analysis of these two aspects allows the author to point out some important features of the Italian reception of the Soviet Union and to study the influence of fascist propaganda and the European “Russian myth” on the image of the USSR in Italy. This can help us understand the mechanisms underlying the formation of the image of the “other” in intercultural contacts between Russia and the West. The research is based on studying the travelogues by the Italian writers Curzio Malaparte, Vincenzo Cardarelli, and Corrado Alvaro, who visited the Soviet Union between the 1920s and 1930s when political, economic, and cultural contacts between the USSR and other countries were expanding rapidly after the Civil War. Among other testimonies of the Italian “guests” in the Soviet Union, travelogues created by prose writers and poets are of particular interest as an example of how reality is transformed by literary imagination. These sources are mostly unknown in Russia and have not attracted the attention of researchers. However, they have been studied abroad from the 1980s in several articles and monographs dealing with the image of the USSR in Western culture; recent years have witnessed the publication of several works especially dedicated to Italian writers travelling to the Soviet Union. However, non-Russian researchers mostly regard these texts as historical sources without considering their literary structure: a “philological” approach is crucial for an adequate understanding of such a complex of both fictional and documentary sources. In the long run, the results of this research may contribute to the development of new efficient strategies for intercultural communication in the modern world.

Improving the Tourist’s Perception of the Tourist Destinations Image: An Analysis of Chinese Kung Fu Film and Television

Cultural media, film, and television works can increase the popularity of the image of tourist destinations, thereby promoting the sustainable development of the tourism industry and obtaining economic benefits. This study takes Chinese kung fu film and television as examples to explore the mechanism of audience participation in the perception of tourist destinations. It further explores the mediating effect of cultural contact. The study took the image perception of tourist destinations as the dependent variable and audience participation as the independent variable. A total of 331 subjects were surveyed, and a multi-layer regression model was established to test the rationality and validity of the hypothetical theoretical model. The research results show that audience participation in martial arts films and television tourism can directly and indirectly affect the audience’s perception of martial arts culture. At the same time, the viewer can achieve contact with martial arts culture through film and television, accordingly forming his or her perception of the destination. In other words, film and television audience participation can bring more cultural contact to the audience. In turn, cultural contact can enhance the image perception of tourist destinations and play an important intermediary role in the process of audience participation by enhancing the perception of tourist destinations. By confirming the variable relationship in Wushu film and television tourism, this research fills the gap between the two aspects, which contributes to promoting the two-way interaction between Wushu film and television works and tourism marketing and achieving the long-term sustainable development of tourism destinations.

Caucasian Xenoglossary in Modern Russian and Image of “Caucasian World”

The Caucasus has always been of interest for Russia. Russian-Caucasian contacts are being studied in political, economic, religious and social aspects. But linguistic horizon has not got enough treatment. The Caucasian loanwords in Russian are examined as a specific semantic field – xenoglossary. The method of intentional analysis is used for its highlighting. Хenoglossary is a lexical corpus borrowed from a definite cultural area. Dictionaries of contemporary Russian language are used as a sample. All lexicon is topically divided in household, military and gastronomic spheres. Only last one has nowadays actual usage. Such situation could be explained by different ways of the Russian-Caucasian cultural contact history. The war was a form of contact with Muslim Adyghe people (Circassians). So, this can explain the borrowed military glossary from the Abkhazo-Adyghean languages into Russian. And vice versa, Georgia was annexed to the Russian Empire in peace. Borrowed Kartvelian glossary is the consequence of that fact. It is stated that the borrowing process is still in progress. The main sources of loanwords are Northwest and South Caucasian languages. It is argued that the Caucasian loanwords are being assimilated. The Caucasian loanwords reflect the objects of culture, not natural ones. The loanwords passed in Russian orally and have low usage frequency. Stylistically, these words are neutral. It indicates the fact of axiological equivalence of “Caucasian” and “Russian” cultural areas in Russian language imagination. Penetration of some Caucasian lexemes in other Slavic languages are occurred by means of Russian. Caucasian borrowings have very limited spread in West European languages. Keywords: Caucasian loanwords, Caucasian languages, xenoglossary, semantic field, language contacts

문화지능(CQ)과 관광행태에 근거한 해외여행자 유형 연구: Q방법론적 접근을 중심으로

The purpose of this study is to suggest political & practical implications by classification of cultural intelligence(CQ) and tourism behavior for overseas travelers through Q methodology. In the result of analysis, 3 types were classified. First type is ‘motivational-drifter type travelers’ who are with energy for learning & adapting to different culture. They are adventurous spirit, independence in the course of travel and an active person in the local cultural exchange. Second type is ‘metacognitive-organized type travelers’ who are with perception on different culture in the interaction condition. They take a serious view on safety, organization and want to minimize cultural contact in the local. Third type is ‘motivational-explorer type travelers’ who are with energy for learning & adapting to different culture. They take a serious view on self reliant attitude, novelty and want to maintain properly cultural contact in the local.

Navigating Contact Zones in 21st Century Schools: Creative Identity Development in Two Complex Transcultural Spaces

This article describes the experiences and the creative identity development of A., an 11-year-old bicultural and bilingual boy who attended school in two different cultural contact zones (CCZs), in South Africa and Germany. The study is anchored in a single case qualitative research paradigm and follows an ethnographic approach by using qualitative interviews, observation and field notes. Findings show A.’s identity development within the two CCZs. The article discusses how A. develops creatively to manage himself in the different CCZs by focusing on expanding or minimizing selected identity parts to create “safe zones”. It concludes that to grow within the two school environments, identity needs to be developed creatively and flexibly in correspondence with the schools’ approaches to diversity.

SOUTH CAUCASIAN ETHNIC COMMUNITIES IN RUSSIA: SPECIFICS OF FORMATION AND ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION TO THEIR HOMELANDS

This study has been suggested by the huge importance of labor migration for the social and economic development of the South Caucasian post-Soviet space. Confronted with an unprecedented outflow of their citizens and acutely aware of the problems associated with migration of able-bodied population to other countries, Russia among them, these countries have arrived at a conclusion that their migration policies need reforms. The article analyzes the trends of labor migration from the South Caucasian countries to Russia and other equally popular destinations. The migration trends up to and including Russia’s regions with the maximum numbers of labor migrants from the Southern Caucasus and the structure of their employment by industry are also analyzed. The paper contains statistics on the amounts of remittances sent by labor migrants from Russia to their homelands and assesses their impact on the economies of corresponding states. The cultural and economic contacts between the diasporas and the countries of their origin suggested a comparative analysis of their emergence and development. We have identified the typical industries preferred by representatives of each of the South Caucasian states in Russia, and the documents required of migrants to be employed in Russia. Conclusions related to the specifics of influence and the role of the diasporas in the structure of their employment are contained in the final part of our article along with the identified patterns and trends of these processes. Today, the situation on the market is unbalanced when it comes to job availability and the positions of members of these diasporas. The situation will remain the same as long as diasporas preserve their influence and the migration flows, their proportions. We have identified the most attractive regions in terms of job availability, the spread of migrants from the Southern Caucasus across the regions of the Russian Federation and the rivalry between Azeris, Armenians, and Georgians for jobs in various employment spheres.

Подготовка будущих бакалавров нелингвистических направлений к межкультурному взаимодействию

The process of globalization is currently developing. The process of globalization leads to the expansion of interactions between different countries, peoples and their cultures. Scientific cooperation, trade and tourism, cultural exchanges and direct contacts between state institutions, social groups, and social movements contribute to this process. Communication with people of different cultures becomes an important element of ordinary person's life. Higher education institutions are more often involved in intercultural communication and dialogue of cultures, namely, they exchange students, and teachers participate in joint projects and have internships abroad. Intercultural interaction of students is one of the main aspects of successful adaptation in the international academic environment. It allows foreign students to feel much closer to each other and to regulate the adaptation process over a long period. Today we are witnessing the development of elements of cultural identity. Higher education institutions need to determine the most effective forms and methods of working with students. These forms will prepare them for cross-cultural interaction, especially in the context of academic mobility. In the article, the author reveals the features of the dialogue of cultures in relation to intercultural interaction on the example of higher educational institutions. In the article, the difficulties encountered by university students in intercultural interaction were analyzed. The main reasons for communication problems that arise during the preparation of bachelors in non-linguistic fields were identified. An attempt has been made to reveal the problems that students face in the process of intercultural interaction, and to show their dependence on the type of culture. In the process of intercultural interaction, the parties seek to resolve their problems: to preserve their identity, to become part of the culture in which they now exist, etc. The dialogue of cultures in the modern educational environment makes it possible to formulate the patterns of students communication in foreign languages. The author draws attention to the fact that preparing students to interact with people of other cultures is an important and necessary stage in the process of their infusion into the international academic community.

The changing nature of the cultural tourist: motivations, profiles and experiences of cultural tourists in Budapest

ABSTRACT This paper reflects on the changing nature of the cultural tourist, including motivations, profiles and experiences. The paper firstly reviews broadening definitions of cultural tourism, which now include more intangible, interactive and creative experiences. The research focuses on urban cultural tourism and the city of Budapest in Hungary. The primary data examines how motivated tourists are by different activities including culture; how far tourists are interested in heritage sites and museums compared to everyday culture and creative activities; it analyses variations in cultural activities according to age, gender and nationality; and the types of experiences that are desired the most by tourists. Cultural tourists still appear to be highly educated, but educational experiences are less important than escapism or entertainment. Cultural contact is important, but creative experiences are not. There are only small variations between genders and nationalities, but larger ones according to age groups. Older tourists prefer heritage sites and museums, whereas younger ones prefer night-life, music events and festivals. Overall, the findings are important for urban capital cities that have concerns about overtourism and the night-time economy, as well as the desire to re-establish themselves as cultural tourism destinations.

KAZAKH-AMERICAN LITERARY COOPERATION:DEVELOPMENT DYNAMICS AND CULTURAL TRANSFER

The subject of this article is the newest period of Kazakh-American literary cooperation in the historical and literary perspective. The author aims to provide a summary of modern Kazakh-American literary contacts, popularization and promotion of the model of national cultural development, national cultural code and Kazakh literature in the United States. Defining international literature connections in the modern comparative studies is important as it helps to understand the specifics and awareness of the deep processes in Kazakh and American literature, allows to observe the dynamics of their development and to reveal the mechanism of inheritance and the change of traditions, as well as accumulation of artistic values. The novelty of this article is conditioned by systematization of fragmentary facts of a descriptive nature in the field of Kazakh-American literary connections and the newest period of studying Kazakh-American literary cooperation, revealing new phenomena, world trends and innovations in the system of literary and cultural contacts. The analysis of different levels of literary interaction – from contact links to the identification of genetic and historical typological convergence – allows to discover regular phenomena in the development of the literatures of two countries and provide scientific justification for their comprehensive comprehension in terms of multiculturalism. Multicultural feature (cultural diversity) and multiculturalism are important in the US and Kazakhstan literatures as a set of theories and practices for understanding the new situation. The modern author is open to worldwide cultural experiences perceived by him through cultural experience of his own nation. Literature connections and collaboration in different historical periods have their one development algorithm and level of intensity. Literatures of USA and Kazakhstan today experience a special development dynamics. Self-identification and dialogue are the main categories of modern literature connections.

Religião popular no Egito Greco-Romano: o culto de Serápis

Serápis foi um deus criado por Ptolomeu I Sóter, primeiro faraó da dinastia lágida (305-30 a.C.) como deus guardião dos novos soberanos e da cidade de Alexandria. A representação iconográfica de Serápis seguia os moldes das divindades gregas. Mas também é resultado de um elemento propriamente egípcio no nome. Com base na cultura material feita de terracota, proveniente do Egito greco-romano e representando Serápis, pretendemos analisar as práticas religiosas e a religião popular associadas ao deus. Partimos da hipótese de que Serápis é resultado do contato e emaranhamento da religião egípcia e grega, fruto de um ambiente marcado pela miscigenação e por um estreito contato cultural.

Study on the Influence of Cultural Contact and Tourism Memory on the Intention to Revisit: A Case Study of Cultural and Creative Districts

Cultural and creative tourism is emerging in tourism industry with the potential to be sustainable as an important carrier of traditional culture. This study adopts stimulus–response theory in a cultural integration perspective to investigate how tourists’ cultural memories, cultural contact, and attitude to culture affect their revisit intention. With the questionnaire survey responses from 651 tourists and structural equation modeling method, it was found that tourists’ cultural contact affected their revisit intentions directly and indirectly through cultural memory. Attitude to culture played critical moderating roles in the effects of tourists’ cultural contact on their cultural memory and revisit intention, but it had no significant impact on the relationship between tourists’ cultural memory and their revisit intention. This study indicates that cultural memory dominates tourists’ behavioral decisions, while attitude to culture highlights different effects at different influence paths. The findings provide marketers and managers with strategies for the sustainable development of cultural and creative districts.

Multilingualism and plurilingualism: Language use and education, teaching and proficiency as social and cultural assets in the Dutch golden age

Plurilingualism and multilingualism are terms that are often indifferently used. Yet they reflect two distinct practices and dimensions of social and cultural life, i.e.: the individual ability to master and use several languages at the same time, and the coexistence of different languages at a variety of levels and in various settings in a given society. Both reflect different forms of elasticity of the social fabric, and flourish in times of economic prosperity, mass migration and global cultural contacts, whereas they decline in times of contraction and nationalism. As a period of growth, mass migration and cultural flourishing, and of expansion of the educational institutions and opportunities, the Dutch Golden Age (c. 1580-1750) is an excellent observatory for these phenomena, of which I shall sketch a picture, insisting in particular on the cultural aspects of language, such as language acquisition and teaching, language use, and the social meanings of language.

Lexical and Cultural Contact in Hebrew Bible

Lexical and Cultural Contact in Hebrew Bible

Recalling to Warning:Sosial-Scientific Criticism (SSC) of 1 Corinthians 10:1-13

AbstractThe meeting of certain cultures and religions with outside cultures and religions results in complex cultural contacts that even overlap. Add more, the high heterogeneity which will affect the process of acculturation, assimilation, inculturation and even enculturation which may increase diversity immunity, but on the contrary triggers sosial irregularities experienced by the Corinthian Christians in 1 Cor. 10: 1-13. The purpose of this study is to see the sosial dynamics of 1 Cor. 10: 1-13 and find the theological message in it by using the interpretation of Sosial-Scientific Criticism (SSC). The use of this method is successful in tracing the sosial aspects that accompany Paul's warnings, advice and message to the diverse Corinthian Christian church. As a result, Paul did a recalling to warning (vv. 1-5) regarding the parallel experiences between his ancestors and them to become learning (vv. 6-10) to then turn to turn (vv. 11-13) towards optimal and total balance. starting with religious regularity, namely loyalty to Allah.

Изучение погребальных памятников эпохи палеометалла Корейского полуострова и Японских островов

The study is focused on the cultural contacts between the population of the Korean Peninsula and that of the Japanese islands during the Paleometallic Era based on the materials of the mound-type burial monuments. The time span under study corresponds to Yayoi and Kofun periods in Japan and the Three Kingdoms period in Korea. Field studies of archaeological sites in the Republic of Korea and Japan allow identifying the shapes of barrow mounds characteristic of the Japanese islands solely as well as those found in both territories. In recent years, fragments of clay figures similar to the Japanese Haniva have been discovered at the monuments located on the Korean Peninsula. The comparative study of plot-figure ceramics allowed identifying similar images and plots: dwelling structures, boats, birds, deer, etc. The wooden intra-grave structures – wells and composite coffins used for burials – were found analogous. The use of wood for burials in ancient Japan has been attributed to the influence of migrants from the Korean Peninsula. The excavations of the Kyo-dong Songhyo-dong burial mound in the south of the Korean
 Peninsula have revealed traces of contacts with the population of the Japanese islands. The Kyo-dong Songhyo-dong burial ground belongs to the Japanese Senzuka burial monuments, which are burial mounds comprising hundreds or thousands of small circular mounds closely adjoi­ning each other. The similar sites found in central Japan and in the south of the Korean Peninsula attest to the close relationships between the two territories.

MUSICAL SHEVCHENKIANA IN THE WORKS OF COMPOSERS OF THE LATE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURIES

The article analyzes the vocal and choral works of composers of the late 19th–early 20th, written on the poetic texts of Taras Shevchenko. It is noted that Shevchenko's poems are difficult for musical embodiment and require composers to freely possess the means of compositional technique, as well as aesthetic taste. It is said that Galician amateur composers made a great contribution to the musical Shevchenkiana, who made a lot of efforts to popularize the poet's work and honor his memory in Galicia. In this context, O. Nyzhankivsky's solo song "Gone are the years of youth", which is one of the most valuable works in the composer's musical heritage is analysed. O. Nyzhankivsky reveals his "national face" in the song "Gone are the years of youth" through the prism of romance. At the same time, it is emphasized that the Galician composer does not seek to imitate Lysenko, as he was brought up on the achievements of Austro-German musical culture, in the field of vocal music he tends to F. Schubert and R. Schumann. It is noted that O. Nyzhankivsky refers to Shevchenko's text with "neutral" lexical material. A musical example for the composer could be Schubert's song "Warrior's foreboding" (words by L. Relshtab) from his latest cycle "Swan Song". It is stated that from a different point of view considers Shevchenko F. Kolessa, whose work is marked by the tangible influence of M. Lysenko. It is possible that his interest in folklore inspired F. Kolessa's appeal not only as a composer to Shevchenko's work, but also as a literary critic. In his works, F. Kolessa, in contrast to O. Nyzhankivsky and D. Sichynsky, refers to Shevchenko's texts, marked by a tangible folklore influence. This is evidence of the changes that took place in the musical worldview of Galician composers in the late 1880s under the influence of certain political changes and cultural contacts with representatives of sub-Russian Ukraine. However, in their musical tastes, Galician composers do not always follow the direct path of Lysenko, an example of which is the work of Henryk Topolnytsky. A special place in the work of the composer is occupied by the cantata "Khustyna" ("I did not walk on Sunday"), which is marked by the expressiveness of musical language and is one of the best examples of "finely stylized folk genre." A number of great vocal-instrumental works based on T. Shevchenko's poetic texts were created by J. Kyshakevych, in whose works one can also observe signs of a new intonation, which no longer relies on Old Galician elegy, but tends to Ukrainian lyrical, historical, Cossack marching songs and Duma recitation – a different type of musical speech, which Galicians were insuf-ficiently assimilated due to certain historical and cultural differences.

The <em>Rāmāyana</em> and the Rhizome: Textual Networks in the Work of Minakata Kumagusu

In 1914, the Japanese folklorist Minakata Kumagusu published an essay showing that a parable in the Japanese Buddhist primer Hōbutsushū resembled the Indian epic Rāmāyana. In detailing the transit of the epic, Minakata rejected hierarchical paradigms of “source” and “adaptation” as well as nation-based models that focused on cultural indigenization. Instead, he showed that Buddhist texts across Asia built upon already transformed texts in an adaptational chain with no center. This way of reading adaptations not as local variants but as “access points” to a larger network resembles recent theories of “rhizomatic texts.” Minakata's denationalized and dehierarchized textual networks thus anticipate recent discussions of inter-connections within Asia that reject national, cultural, or ethnic unities and see the heterogeneity produced by cultural contact.

JOÃO DO RIO E AS RELAÇÕES DE PODER NAS TRANSFERÊNCIAS CULTURAIS DA BELLE ÉPOQUE BRASILEIRA

The article examines the intellectual trajectory of Joao do Rio, Paulo Barreto’s pseudonym, through deep study of his private library. The investigation includes the consultation of some of the author’s personal and professional writings, in which records of reading experiences are often found. This study made it possible to map cultural transfers (COOPER-RICHET; GUIMARAES, 2012) through the intense circulation and dissemination of books and comments concerning foreign countries, which can be found in the century’s chronicles. In this context, the results help to understand both the power relationships in cultural contacts between Brazil and Portugal, questioning the idea that only Brazilian culture was influenced by European culture, and the two-way transit of cultural productions. However, the analysis of the controversies involving Joao do Rio, related to his defense of Portugal as Brazil’s sister country, reveals the asymmetry of transfers in the power relationships between the two cultures.