Corn Cultivation Research Articles

The study of the fertilising power of urban sludge from the Dar Gueddari Wastewater Treatment Plant: Case of maize ( Zea mays)

The objective of this study is to recover sludge from the Dar Gueddari sewage treatment plant and use it in the cultivation of corn in the open field on clay soil. To do this, four doses were tested against two types of controls: a control without addition of sludge and another with the addition of nitrogen-based fertilisers (200 kg N, 100 kg P and 100 kg K). The short-term effects indicated that the application of the sludge had a beneficial effect on the fertilising qualities of the soil and therefore on the crop yield. The monitoring of the agronomic parameters of the maize plant showed that the growths and the yields varied according to doses of the sludge. In grain yield, the difference between plot E4 and E0 was around 3.3 Mg∙ha –1. In addition, the plots treated with large sludge doses experienced improvements in total nitrogen and organic matter. During the second season, the results obtained showed decrease in nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus). It emerged from the C:N ratio which was 8. This indicated a good mineralisation of the organic matter (OM) which was average of 2.48 ±0.04% and 2.5 ±0.01%, respectively in the E4 and E5 treatments. In addition, the amounts of N, P and Ca in dry matter (DM) increased with increasing the dose of sludge. During the 2017 season, the highest values were detected in plot E5 with averages of 1.6% in N and 0.53% in P.

Can food security and low carbon be achieved simultaneously? —An empirical analysis of the mechanisms influencing the carbon footprint of potato and corn cultivation in irrigation areas

Irrigated agriculture has tripled since 1950, accounting for 20% of the global arable land and 40% of food production. Irrigated agriculture increases food security yet has controversial implications for global climate change. Most previous studies have calculated carbon emissions and their composition in irrigated areas using the engineering approach to life-cycle assessment. By combining life cycle assessment (LCA)-based carbon emissions accounting with econometric models such as multiple linear regression and structural equation modeling (SEM), we conducted an interdisciplinary study to identify the influencing factors and internal mechanisms of the carbon footprint (CFP) of smallholder crop cultivation on irrigation reform pilot areas. To this end, we investigated corn and potato production data in the 2019–2020 crop years for 852 plots of 345 rural households in six villages (two irrigation agriculture pilot villages and four surrounding villages as controls) in Southwest China. The crop CFP in the irrigation agriculture pilot areas was significantly lower than in non-reform areas. Irrigation reforms mainly impacted the crop CFP through four intermediary effects: the project (implementation of field irrigation channels), technology (improving adoption of new irrigation technologies), management (proper irrigation operation and maintenance), and yield effects. All effects inhibited the CFP, except for the project effect that promotes carbon emissions. Among them, yield increase has the greatest impact on reducing CFP, followed by management and technology effects. Furthermore, planting practices, individual characteristics, and plot quality significantly impacted the crop CFP. This study has policy implications for understanding the food security–climate nexus in the food production industry.

Assessment of the state and trends in the development of grain production as part of the formation of a sustainable fodder supply of agricultural organizations in the Vitebsk region

The current state of the main branches of animal husbandry and the grain crops production, including the corn cultivation for grain, is reviewed, using the example of agricultural organizations in the Vitebsk region. The efficiency of using grain for fodder purposes was analyzed, taking into account the sales prices dynamics and profit margin, the ranking was made according to the yield of feed units per 1 hectare of grain crops and their cost. The most suitable for the region conditions culture has been selected and the factors influencing fluctuations in its yield have been determined.

Study of irrigation regimes of corn varieties NS-770, NS-6010 in conditions of meadow alluvial soils of Bukhara region

Optimizing the balance of nutrients in the soil, obtaining a high yield of grain and green mass, and providing the population with food products, raw materials for industry, and nutritious feed for livestock are achieved by improving the irrigation method and irrigation procedures in the cultivation of corn in the main and repeated periods. In this regard, scientific research on the effect of using new fertilizers developed on the basis of phosphorites together with nitrogenous and potassium mineral fertilizers on the growth, development, and productivity of corn, as well as on the development of optimal technology for their use is considered relevant.

Local Community Initiatives in Education for Sustainable Development: Mexican Experience

The article shows the importance of local community initiatives in education for sustainable development in the United Mexican States. Mexico hosts a rich biodiversity but at the same time there exists a number of serious threats to its conservation (low income, poaching etc). A number of examples is given to demonstrate the role of local communities in strengthening sustainability of natural ecosystems along with social (raising quality of education) and economic effects (intensification of eco-tourism, revitalization of traditional crafts and agricultural practices) which overall aligns with the principles of sustainable development. The cases discussed are projects that have both conservation and education components: maintaining a population of American crocodiles (the town of La Manzanilla, Jalisco), community cooperation around the “Cave of the Hanging Snakes” (Kantemo, Quintana Roo). Another characteristic of those projects is the attention to study and popularization of traditional sustainable practices: meliponary, milpa (combined cultivation of corn, beans, and pumpkins), preservation of agricultural biodiversity and other. The article also presents the authors’ project to develop an international school in the immediate vicinity of Tamarindo private nature reserve where education for sustainable development will be one of the key features of the curriculum. The research is based on a comparative pedagogical approach that allows to analyze the tendencies in development of educational practices in specific countries, identify general trends and national contexts with reference to social and economic factors, as well as to identify the limitations of “transplanting” of foreign practices into the national ground.

Roles of Women on Decision-Making And Implementation of Corn Planting in Wera District Bima Regency

Women have a role in activities in the agricultural sector including in corn cultivation. Success in corn production cannot be separated from the contribution of women who also work in corn cultivation activities. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the role of women in decision making and in the implementation of corn cultivation, its impact and the factors that influence this which is carried out in Wera Regency, Bima Regency. Retrieval of data using survey methods through interviews with questionnaires on 68 respondents. Data analysis used descriptive statistical methods and multiple linear regression tests. The results showed that the role of women in making decisions and implementing corn cultivation was included in the high category. The impact of the role of women in decision making and implementation of cultivation can be observed significantly in the managerial and optimization of corn cultivation results. Internal and external factors have no significant effect on women's role in decision making

Intra-Population Alteration on Voltinism of Asian Corn Borer in Response to Climate Warming.

The Asian corn borer (ACB) Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) can occur in one to seven generations annually from cool (48°00' N) to warm (18°10' N) region of corn cultivation in China. Although ACB is commonly known as a facultative larval diapause insect, the co-existence of various voltinism suggests that intra-population variation may have evolved for the nature of diapause, i.e., voltinism plasticity. Here, we conducted recurrent selection efforts to establish three strains of, respectively, univoltine (with obligate diapause), multivoltine (with facultative diapause), and non-diapausing ACB under various temperature and photoperiod environments. The univoltine (Lu) strain has evolved a stable univoltinism under a diapause suppressing condition (16 h daylength at 28 °C), with the diapause incidence constantly over 80% after three generations of selection. The multivoltine strain (Lm) under the high temperature (28 °C) was shown to have a typical facultative diapause induced by a range of short-day lengths (11-13.5 h). Diapause incidence was constantly <2.6% under the long day length (16 h) when the temperature was from 18 to 28 °C, i.e., low temperature could not enhance the diapause response in the Lm strain. However, the development was prolonged from 14.2 ± 0.3 d to 46.0 ± 0.8 d when the temperature was reduced from 28 °C to 18 °C. The majority (94.4%) of the developed Ln strain still maintained the non-diapausing nature under a diapause enhancing condition, i.e., a short (13 h) daylength at a low temperature (22 °C). Lm and Ln were able to complete their second generation in Heihe (50°14' N) if the first-generation moth oviposits before 18 June. The study suggests that ACB has evolutionary intra-population variation in voltinism. Under the climate change scenario warmer spring and summer might affect the proportion of sympatric voltine biotype populations that evolve toward being multivoltine.

ADOPSI GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE (GAP) JAGUNG HIBRIDA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIVITAS JAGUNG OLEH PETANI

One of the reasons for the low productivity of corn is the low adoption of technology in corn cultivation. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine the innovation components of GAP in hybrid corn cultivation, (2) identify the diversity of adoption of technology components in GAP of corn carried out by farmers, and (3) identify the characteristics of farmers that correlate with the adoption of GAP in hybrid corn. The method used in this study is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods (mixed method), with a sequential exploratory model design. This research was conducted in Pilolaheya Village, Bone Bolango Regency, Gorontalo Province, with 60 corn farmers as respondents. The results showed that there were ten components in GAP corn cultivation that could increase maize productivity by farmers in Pilolaheya Village. Among these components, harvesting on time, drying immediately after harvest, and pests and diseases control in corn plants are the components with the highest adoption rate, and the components of planting one seed per one hole, using organic fertilizer, and piling up corn roots are components with the lowest adoption rate. The characteristic that correlates with farmer adoption is the level of education, where farmers who attained a higher level of education tend to adopt the innovation component in the GAP of corn cultivation.

FARMERS' ADOPTION LEVEL OF CORN CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY (Zea Mays L) IN THE SUB-DISTRICT OF LABUHANBATU DISTRICT ON THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS

Farmers are the people who use land (nature), labor, and capital to organize production in the agricultural field, whether for profit or not. Farming is a production organization.Corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the main commodities of legumes. It is a staple food in the United States because it is a good source of vegetable protein that helps diversify the food supply and ensures the nation's food security.Farmers are influenced by a variety of factors, including economic ones, such as capital control, the expectation of greater profits from farming, which will be chosen in comparison to other forms of farming. This is especially true when it comes to prioritizing optimal production results.The study was conducted in Sidorukun Village, Pangkatan District, Labuhanbatu Regency, with the goals of determining the level of farmer adoption of corn cultivation technology and the socioeconomic influence of farmers on corn cultivation technology.By using survey techniques, this study employs either quantitative or descriptive methods.According to the study's findings, the adoption rate of maize cultivation in Sidorukun village, Pangkatan District, Labuhanbatu Regency, is influenced by age, education level, duration of farming, and frequency of counseling. Additionally, corn cultivation did not adhere to all components of cultivation technology recommended by Field Agricultural Extension (PPL).

VARIATION OVER TIME OF BIOINSECTICIDES EFFECT ON Spodoptera frugiperda INCIDENCE IN CORN (Zea mays) IN DRY SEASON IN MOCACHE, LOS RÍOS, ECUADOR

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background.&lt;/strong&gt; Corn cultivation – one of the main crops in the world – is important in Ecuador for human and animal nutrition, but one of the main limitations in production is the damage caused by the insect pest &lt;em&gt;Spodoptera frugiperda&lt;/em&gt; (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). &lt;strong&gt;Objective&lt;/strong&gt;. Therefore, the objective of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness over time of three bio-insecticides on pest incidence in maize hybrid INIAP H601 in Mocache, Los Ríos, Ecuador in the dry season. &lt;strong&gt;Methodology&lt;/strong&gt;. A completely randomized design was used with five treatments and four replicates: (1) Natural neem (&lt;em&gt;Azadirachta indica&lt;/em&gt;) leaf extract in doses of 1.88 L; (2) Bassigeos (&lt;em&gt;Beauveria bassiana&lt;/em&gt;) in doses of 5 L; (3) Neem + &lt;em&gt;B. bassiana&lt;/em&gt; mix in doses of 7 L; (4) Chemical bait in doses of 80 kg.ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;; and (5) Control group without application, processed by a linear model of repeated measures. &lt;strong&gt;Results&lt;/strong&gt;. A significant variation was observed in the treatments due to the influence of time. &lt;strong&gt;Implications&lt;/strong&gt;. Corn agricultural production has a long tradition and importance in Ecuador, especially in the Province of Los Ríos where productions are affected by &lt;em&gt;S. frugiperda &lt;/em&gt;whose major control is by using polluting chemical products. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusions&lt;/strong&gt;. Because the effect of the applied bio-insecticide treatments changes overtime, pest incidence is modified through a linear model of repeated measures. The lowest incidence percentages are achieved with the use of &lt;em&gt;B. bassiana &lt;/em&gt;(Bb), &lt;em&gt;A. indica&lt;/em&gt; (neem) and Bb + Neem mix after day 15, whereas the chemical control group achieves it throughout the evaluated time interval.&lt;/p&gt;

Fumonisin reduction using fungicides in forage corn cultivation

AbstractThis study investigated the possibility of a reduced‐fumonisin corn cultivation method using two fungicides, azoxystrobin and propiconazole. A field‐based cultivation experiment was conducted, wherein Kimimaru and LG3490 corn were cultivated for 2 years with a fungicide applied. In the first year, the use of fungicides reduced the concentration of fumonisin in corn, but in the following years, no fumonisin‐reducing effect was observed. Differences in precipitation may be the cause, but details were unknown. Although a minor effect was observed, the results suggested that the method was not wholly effective. Next, in an in vitro incubation experiment, the relationship between fumonisin‐producing fungi (Fusarium fujikuroi) and fumonisin production was examined in the presence of two fungicides. Both fungicides reduced F. fujikuroi cell mass in a concentration‐dependent manner. Fumonisin production did not decrease noticeably at low fungicide concentrations but at high concentrations. This indicates that a fungicide concentration above a certain threshold is required to suppress fumonisin production. The fumonisin produced per fungal cell mass remained almost constant between 0.1 and 10 mg/L propiconazole, although it decreased to zero at higher propiconazole concentrations. Thus, the propiconazole‐induced decrease in fumonisin production was likely caused by a reduction in fungal cell mass. In contrast, fungal cell mass decreased as azoxystrobin concentration increased, and the azoxystrobin produced per cell mass reduced. Thus, fumonisin production was synergistically suppressed by decreased cell mass and production. The results of both experiments did not exhibit the desired level of reduction effect likely because a sufficiently high concentration of fungicide could not be maintained for outdoor cultivation. Various other factors, such as weather conditions, may have affected the disinfectant concentration, leading to the reduced fungicide concentration.

Economics and fertility status of organic and inorganic fertilizer-applied soil in sweet corn (Zea mays) cultivation

A rainfed field experiment was laid out during the rainy season of 2019 at the Research farm of Raj Mohini Devi College of Agriculture and Research Station, Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh, to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on economic viability and residual nutrient status of soil in sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata). The experiment comprised 2 sources of organic manures, viz. vermicompost and FYM together with no organic manure and 3 levels of fertilizers, viz. 50%, 75% and 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) (120, 60 &amp; 40 kg N, P and K/ha respectively) and replicated trice. The result showed that, the application of 3 t vermicompost/ha resulted in the highest growth and yield attributes as well as cob and fodder yields, followed by 5 t FYM/ha and both these treatments proved significantly superior to no organic manure. However, 100% RDF recorded higher value of these parameters and was found significantly superior to 75% and 50% RDF. The highest dehusked cob yield (14.9 t/ha) and net returns (` 147,265.2/ha) were obtained with 3.0 t vermicompost/ha + 100% RDF. Different organic sources did not cause any significant effect on available N, P and K but significantly enhanced organic carbon content of the soil. Nutrient levels had significant effect on available N, P and K of the soil at harvesting.

Infestation of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and Ostrinia furnacalis Guenee on three tropical altitude variations

Pest infestation is a major problem in corn cultivation because it causes a decrease in crop productivity or even crop failure. This study aimed to evaluate the level of crop damage caused by Helicoverpa armigera and Ostrinia furnacalis in three tropical altitude variations. Ten hybrid corns from cross-breeding strains and three commercial hybrid corn varieties were evaluated at three locations with different altitudes, classified as lowland (30 masl), midland (600 masl), and highland (1000 masl). The evaluation was carried out on the level of crop damage and plant resistance. The results showed that the highest percentage of H. armigera attack on hybrid corn was 75% at Caps 17B x Caps 23 (moderately susceptible) at the lowland and the lowest was 8% at Caps 2 x Caps 17A (resistant). The percentage of H. armigera attack was 100% at Caps 15 x Caps 22 (very susceptible) and the lowest was the evaluation of Caps 5 x Caps 17B was 58% (susceptible) at the midland. Meanwhile, the highest attack percentage was 92% on the Caps 17A x Caps 17B, Caps 17A x Caps 22, and Caps 5 x Caps 22 hybrids (very susceptible), while the lowest was 67% on the Caps 3 x Caps 17B and Secada hybrids (moderately susceptible) at the highland. O. furnacalis attack showed that all hybrid corns were classified as resistant except for Caps 5 x Caps 22 and Paragon was moderately resistant with a percentage attack of 25% at lowland. At the midland, Caps 5 x Caps 17B hybrid corn was classified as very susceptible with an attack of 92%, while Caps 15 x Caps 22 was classified as resistant with an attack percentage of 8%. At an altitude of 1000 masl, Caps 17A x Caps 17B, Caps 3 x Caps 17A, and Caps 5 x Caps 17B were moderately resistant with an attack percentage of 33% and other hybrids were resistant with an attack percentage of 8%.

Effect of Different Soil Types and Plant Densities on Growth Dynamic and Yield of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.) in Peninsular Malaysia

Aims: Soils and plant densities are two of the major factors affecting sweet corn growth and yield. Although many worldwide studies were done to evaluate the effect of these factors on sweet corn, it is still necessary to do more study in this area because environmental factors will give significant effect to growth and yield of sweet corn. The objective of this study is to assess yield optimization through different plant densities for different type of soils for sweet corn (Zea mays L.) cultivation.&#x0D; Study Design: The experiment was carried out from February to May 2018 using split-split plot design with four replications. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with probability value of @ 0.05 using LSD was used to analyze the obtained data. Regression analyses were performed using Nonlinear Regression Model (NLIN Procedure); Logistic Growth Model y=A/(1+be-cx) and their rate of change was calculated using its derivate, dy/dx = (Abce-cx)/(1+be-cx)2.&#x0D; Methodology: A variety of sweet corn seed Akik SC422 at (i) four soils which were riverine soil (Tanah Merah, Kelantan), BRIS (Bachok, Kelantan), peat (Simpang Renggam, Johor) and sedentary soil (UPM, Serdang, Selangor) assigned as the main plots with (ii) 1 and 2 row(s) per bed plant arrangements as subplots at (iii) 25 cm and 50 cm planting distances formed as sub-subplots.&#x0D; Results: Interaction between peat at 2-row per bed plant arrangement at 25 cm planting distance produced the highest potential plant height while peat at 1-row per bed plant arrangement at 50 cm planting distance the best in highest potential in stem diameter. The interaction between peat with 1-row per bed plant arrangement at 50 cm planting distance; low plant density produced the highest in cob weight, cob length, cob diameter, thousand kernel’s weight and total sugar content. This was reflected by higher growth rates of photosynthesis rate, leaf area per plant and relative chlorophyll content of each individually plant. However, the interaction between peat with 2-row per bed plant arrangement at 25 cm planting distance; high plant density produced the highest in quantity per hectare.&#x0D; Conclusion: Results of this study confirms that significant differences in the plant growth, physiological attributes and yield components of sweet corn grown on different soil types, plant arrangements and planting distances.

Corn Pests and Evaluation of the Implementation of Integrated Pest Management in West Sumatra, Indonesia

Indonesia is one of the maize-producing countries in the world. However, Indonesia's production is below the world average. One of the problems that can reduce productivity is pests. In addition, although corn is grown globally in Indonesia, it is usually not grown under the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program. Therefore, this study aims to obtain pest information on maize and evaluate the application of IPM in West Sumatra. The study was conducted centra production of maize in West Sumatra from May 2019 to August 2020. The method used purposive random sampling. The results showed differences in the population density of pests on centra production of maize in West Sumatra. The highest percentage of pest attacks on cornfields was Pasaman Regency (41%), while the lowest pest attack was in Solok Regency (19%). The difference in population density of pests caused the influence of climate, varieties of maize, altitude, weather conditions at the time of pest observation, and the application of IPM. Several types of pests found were Beetles (Chrysomelidae), Aphids (Aphididae), Seed Flies (Muscidae), Grasshopper Oxya Chinensis (Acrididae), Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Noctuidae), and Corn Planthoppers (Delphacidae). The most common pest found attacking maize in West Sumatra were S. frugiperda. Then the study results also showed that not all corn farmers in West Sumatra applied IPM in their corn cultivation. IPM is needed to manage corn pests, so there is no economic loss.

Simulation of Soil Water and Salt Balance in Three Water-Saving Irrigation Technologies with HYDRUS-2D

Mulch drip irrigation (MDI) technology can effectively solve the problem of insufficient temperature accumulation during the pre-fertility period and facilitate the efficient supplementation of water and fertilizer during the fertility period in spring corn planting. Moreover, this local MDI technology also has impacts on the farmland environment. To investigate the effect of drip irrigation technology on the water and salt environment of farmland, a field study on corn cultivation was carried out at West Liaohe Plain. In addition, the water and salt dynamics of the farmland were simulated using HYDRUS-2D for mulch drip irrigation (MDI), shallowly buried drip irrigation (SBDI), and sprinkler irrigation (SI), with variable rainfall and initial salt content. The results showed that the distribution of and variation in water and salt in the soil were similar under MDI and SBDI. The change near the drip tape was mainly affected by irrigation, while the water and salt in the soil between drip tapes were correlated with irrigation and rainfall. The amount of salt in the topsoil (5 cm) increased with a decrease in rainfall. With an initial EC = 480 μs/cm (soil salt content 0.1%), the salinity of the topsoil under MDI was significantly higher than that under SBDI and SI within two years. The topsoil salinity was similar for all three irrigation technologies with increasing operating life, reaching a relatively stable state, and much lower than the salinity determination threshold of 480 μs/cm. Given the current conditions of rainfall, soil, buried depth, and mineralization in the West Liaohe Plain, the risk of secondary salinization is minimal if irrigation management is reasonable. This study provides data to support the application of drip irrigation technology in the Western Liaohe Plain.

Salinity Tolerance of Different Silage Hybrids Maize Cultivars

Since corn is sensitive to salt and saline irrigation water, soil salinity poses a serious threat to corn production. Therefore, it is important to know in advance the response of the cultivated corn varieties to salt stress in order not to lose too much in production. In this study, it was aimed to determine the response to salt (NaCl) stress of thirteen commercial silage maize hybrid varieties commonly used by farmers in Türkiye. For this purpose, seed germination and early seedling growth were tested by exposing the plants to different salt stress levels (0, 40, 80 and 120 mM) for 14 days. Three basic groups (Biomass, Seedling Growth Vigor and Seed Germination) were established by factor analysis (FA) for the nine parameters -seed germination percentage (sgp), mean germination time (mgt), shoot lenght (sl), root lenght (rl), fresh weight (fw), dry weight(dw), dry matter (dm), plant water content (pwc), vigor index (vi)- tested for seed germination and seedling growth. As a result of the two-way analysis of variance with heterogeneous variance on standardized factor scores; it was determined that 'Dekalb-7211' hybrid cultivar showed the best performance and "Dekalb-7240" hybrid cultivar showed the worst performance in different salt stress levels tested in terms of three main groups formed. The results of this research will contribute to the determination of stress-tolerant varieties, which is one of the important and first steps of maize breeding.

Allelopathic potential of native species on weeds in Morelos, Mexico associated with the cultivation of corn

The main objective of the study was to identify native plants of the State of Morelos with allelopathic potential associated with the cultivation of corn, which could be involved as a Push-Pull strategy. Aqueous extracts of thirty collected weed species were applied against two white species, evaluated by a new sandwich microbioassay in Elisa plates, in parallel with a plate bioassay. Effects on germination, root growth and hypocotyl were calculated. A second trial evaluated the allelopathic potential of weeds on the growth of Parthenium hysterophorus under semi-controlled conditions, recording the total effect, foliar and root interaction without barriers, competition for cover and root interaction, to then calculate the root interaction (IR) based on the witness. The results indicated that the medium doses 2.5% w/v and high doses 5% w/v of aqueous extracts of the weeds Rhynchosia minima, Antigonon leptopus, Ipomoea tricolor, Ipomoea triloba, Calopogonium mucunoides, Crotalaria pumila and Ipomoea hederifolia, show inhibitory activity on the germination and growth of Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Panicum maximum. All the residues inhibited the germination and growth of the weeds, increasing their activity when increasing the dose. Species with allelopathic potential could be evaluated in a program that involves the Push-Pull strategy associated with maize cultivation. Seven native species with potential allelopathic effect were identified by means of a fast and economic protocol such as sandwich microbioassay, in addition, the weeds with the highest inhibition were verified using two doses of residues, and the predominant effect of three species of Convulvulaceae was illuminated, in the inhibition with interaction. root on weeds.

Features of the use of growth regulators in the cultivation of corn for grain in Western Siberia

The results of three-year studies (2020-2022) on the effectiveness of the use of various growth regulators in the cultivation of corn hybrids for grain in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia are presented. The studies were carried out on leached chernozem of the Novosibirsk region of the Novosibirsk region and on gray forest soil of the forest-steppe zone of the Novosibirsk Ob region. It is shown that in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia it is effective to use modern innovative growth regulators and chelate fertilizers in the process of corn grain production. It has been shown that on soil types it is effective to apply growth regulators Ecofus 0.001%, Epin-Extra 0.04% l/ha and chelated organosilicon fertilizer Siliplant 0.01% with a working solution flow rate of 300 l/ha in the phase of four to six maize leaves on six hybrids. It was statistically determined that the yield of corn grain depended on the element of technology by 33, genotype - 27 and the conditions of the year 23% and green mass, respectively, 35, 29 and 25%. It was shown that growth regulators and chelate fertilizers improved the parameters of the yield structure of corn hybrids.

Применение минеральных и органических удобрений для повышения эффективности возделывания кукурузы на зерно

Purpose: to analyze scientific research in the field of various fertilizer doses application and their effect on the grain corn yield in various soil and climatic conditions, to determine the need to improve the elements of cultivation technology under consideration, and in the future to conduct research in the formed areas. Discussion. The overview of research papers related to mineral and organic fertilizers applied in the grain corn cultivation is presented. In this paper, the issues of the influence of various doses of fertilizers on various types of soils are considered. The analysis of schemes for applying mineral and organic fertilizers in different ratios was carried out. Conclusions. An analysis of the results of studies conducted by the au-thors, devoted to the fertilizer systems for grain corn on various soils showed that the applica-tion of organic and mineral fertilizers contributes to an increase in yield up to 50 %. The maxi-mum yields of corn for grain were obtained by applying biohumus with mineral fertilizers. The application of biohumus and mineral fertilizers together increases the content of nutrients in soil up to 50 %, the yield by 30–50 % and improves the quality of the grain. To obtain maximum yields of corn grain, pre-sowing application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N₆₀P₆₀ is recommended. In non-irrigated conditions in Rostov region, the yield of grain corn does not exceed 3 t/ha, so it must be cultivated under irrigation. In the conditions of Rostov region, only a few studies are currently being carried out in the direction outlined, and the issues of using various rates and organic and mineral fertilizers rates for growing corn for grain under irrigation are not closed, so it is worth expanding a number of research questions on this direction.