Применение минеральных и органических удобрений для повышения эффективности возделывания кукурузы на зерно

Abstract

Purpose: to analyze scientific research in the field of various fertilizer doses application and their effect on the grain corn yield in various soil and climatic conditions, to determine the need to improve the elements of cultivation technology under consideration, and in the future to conduct research in the formed areas. Discussion. The overview of research papers related to mineral and organic fertilizers applied in the grain corn cultivation is presented. In this paper, the issues of the influence of various doses of fertilizers on various types of soils are considered. The analysis of schemes for applying mineral and organic fertilizers in different ratios was carried out. Conclusions. An analysis of the results of studies conducted by the au-thors, devoted to the fertilizer systems for grain corn on various soils showed that the applica-tion of organic and mineral fertilizers contributes to an increase in yield up to 50 %. The maxi-mum yields of corn for grain were obtained by applying biohumus with mineral fertilizers. The application of biohumus and mineral fertilizers together increases the content of nutrients in soil up to 50 %, the yield by 30–50 % and improves the quality of the grain. To obtain maximum yields of corn grain, pre-sowing application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N₆₀P₆₀ is recommended. In non-irrigated conditions in Rostov region, the yield of grain corn does not exceed 3 t/ha, so it must be cultivated under irrigation. In the conditions of Rostov region, only a few studies are currently being carried out in the direction outlined, and the issues of using various rates and organic and mineral fertilizers rates for growing corn for grain under irrigation are not closed, so it is worth expanding a number of research questions on this direction.