Cs Adsorption Research Articles

SPIDER Cs Ovens functional tests

The SPIDER experiment is operating at the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility PRIMA since June 2018 to study the operation of a full ITER-size negative ion source. In order to increase the negative ion extracted current and reduce the co-extracted electron current, caesium is evaporated inside the source. In fact, the adsorption of Cs onto the plasma grid, i.e. the first grid of the extraction system, lowers the surface work function, enhancing the probability of surface conversion of impinging hydrogen particles into negative ions. At the SPIDER test facility, Cs will be evaporated by heating a liquid Cs reservoir in three Cs ovens located at the back-plate of the ion source. The ovens must assure a controllable and reproducible evaporation. A SPIDER Cs oven prototype was procured and tested in the CAesium Test Stand (CATS) at PRIMA site to validate the design. Following the experimental tests, few improvements were introduced in the final design of the three Cs ovens for the SPIDER source. Then, the ovens were procured in 2019 and commissioned before their installation in SPIDER in 2020. This paper reports the functional tests of the SPIDER Cs ovens and of their embedded diagnostics. These tests were carried out at CATS, with the aim of characterizing the three ovens, in order to validate them for their use in SPIDER in the experimental campaign with caesium evaporation planned for the end of 2020. The ovens were successfully tested and characterized in terms of evaporation rate for different oven temperatures. Moreover, the three ovens show a good reproducibility and reliability.

Radioactive Cs Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Biochar-Immobilized Potassium Nickel Hexacyanoferrate Prepared Using Ball Mill

Biochar-immobilized potassium nickel hexacyanoferrate (KNiFC) as a sorbent for removal of radioactive cesium (Cs) from aqueous solutions was prepared using a novel method. Japanese cedar sawdust loaded with NiSO4 using a ball mill was carbonized at various temperatures. The resultant Ni-loaded biochar was immersed in a K4[Fe(CN)6]·3H2O solution, and biochar-immobilized KNiFC was obtained. For comparison, Ni-loaded biochar was also prepared using the impregnation method. The loading of Ni using the ball mill resulted in a higher Ni amount in the biochar compared with the impregnation method. The carbonization at 400 °C was suitable for Cs adsorption on biochar and synthesis of KNiFC. Consequently, KNiFC immobilization on biochar improved the Cs sorption performance in aqueous solutions with Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Cs+. The sorption performance was selective in aqueous solutions with radioactive Cs and other cations of high concentration. Low-cost Cs adsorbent was prepared using a novel method from bioresource and KNiFC. The application of ball mill was effective for loading Ni on biochar. Immobilization of KNiFC on biochar improved Cs sorption performance. Removal of 134Cs and 137Cs using biochar-immobilized KNiFC was selective.

Preparation, characterization, and applications of polyacrylonitrile/ball clay nanocomposite synthesized by gamma radiation.

Elimination of hazardous metals is of extreme worry for their toxicity at trace levels and accumulation in the biosystem. Polyacrylonitrile ball clay nanocomposite was prepared by gamma irradiation at 20kGy. Different analytical tools were applied to prove morphology, functional groups, and chemical structure for prepared composite; SEM, TEM, IR, XRD, and XRF. From TEM and XRD data expose the studied composite has nanoscale and crystalline. The adsorption of Cs+, Co2+ and Fe3+ onto studied material took place after 24h. Second order was preceded by the kinetic system. The capacity and effect of pH on kd reflect selectivity sequence; Co2+ > Fe3+ > > Cs+. Both Freundlich and Langmuir are applicable for investigated material. Finally, PAN/BC nanocomposite is suitable for the column technique.

Remediation of cesium-contaminated fine soil using electrokinetic method

In this study, electrokinetic remediation equipment was used to remove cesium (Cs) from clay soil and waste solution was treated with sorption process. The influence of electrokinetic process on the removal of Cs was evaluated under the condition of applied electric voltage of 15.0-20.0 V. In addition to monitoring the Cs removal, electrical current and temperature of the electrolyte during experiment were investigated. The removal efficiency of Cs from soil by electrokinetic method was more than 90%. After electrokinetic remediation, Cs was selectively separated from soil waste solution using sorbents. Various adsorption agents such as potassium nickel hexacyanoferrate (KNiHCF), Prussian blue, sodium tetraphenylborate (NaTPB), and zeolite were compared and KNiHCF showed the highest Cs removal efficiency. The Cs adsorption on KNiHCF reached equilibrium in 30 min. The maximum adsorption capacity was 120.4 mg/g at 0.1 g/L of adsorbent dosage. These results demonstrated that our proposed process combined electrokinetic remediation of soil and waste solution treatment with metal ferrocyanide can be a promising technique to decontaminate Cs-contaminated fine soil.

Hydrothermal transformation of geopolymers to bulk zeolite structures for efficient hazardous elements adsorption

This paper reports a facile route to prepare bulk zeolites with tunable phase compositions and microstructures by combining hydrothermal treatment and geopolymer precursor technique. Amorphous Na-based geopolymer (NaGP) is transformed into crystalline analcime following hydrothermal treatments. By systematically investigating the effects of hydrothermal conditions on the phase compositions and microstructures of the products, the optimal hydrothermal procedure is screened as treating NaGP in 1 M NaOH solution at 160 °C for 6 h. Furthermore, we achieve control over phase compositions of the resulting bulk zeolites by tailoring the initial Na/K ratio of geopolymer precursors. For instance, treating the geopolymer precursor with a Na/K ratio of 9: 1 under the optimal hydrothermal procedure leads to the formation of zeolite consisting of analcime and zeolite-P. The as-prepared adsorbents exhibit outstanding adsorption performance for the hazardous elements, among which analcime-zeolite-P shows an adsorption efficiency of 93.3% for Cs+, and NaGP exhibits an adsorption efficiency of 99.6% for Sr2+. Moreover, we reveal the mechanisms underlying the adsorption of Cs+ and Sr2+ in the adsorbents to be chemisorption. Meanwhile, ion exchanges also occur in NaGP and analcime-zeolite-P during Cs+ adsorption. These results render geopolymers and their derived bulk zeolites promising for hazardous elements adsorption.

Non-equilibrium band broadening, gap renormalization and band inversion in black phosphorus

Black phosphorous (BP) is a layered semiconductor with high carrier mobility, anisotropic optical response and wide bandgap tunability. In view of its application in optoelectronic devices, understanding transient photo-induced effects is crucial. Here, we investigate by time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy BP in its pristine state and in the presence of Stark splitting, chemically induced by Cs ad-sorption. We show that photo-injected carriers trigger bandgap renormalization, and a concurrent valence band flattening caused by Pauli blocking. In biased samples, photo-excitation leads to a long-lived (ns) surface photovoltage of few hundreds mV that counterbalances the Cs-induced surface band bending. This allows us to disentangle bulk from surface electronic states, and to clarify the mechanism underlying the band inversion observed in bulk samples.

Exploring n‐type SiC film with ultralow work function Cs coating surface for solar cell anode

In this study, the Cs adsorption behavior on n-type 3C-SiC (0001)-(2 × 1) and -(3 × 2) reconstructed surfaces are investigated via first-principles calculations. The potentiality of 3C-SiC as the anode material of solar cell based on photon-enhanced thermionic emission (PETE) is discussed. Various doping configurations are considered for the determination of an optimum n-type doping structure. Cs-covered (3 × 2) surface exhibits stronger stability compared with (2 × 1) surface. The charge transfer caused by Cs adsorption produces a [Cs+-SiC] dipole moment directing from Cs adatom to reconstructed surface, resulting in an effective declination of work function. Specifically, 0.5 ML Cs coverage surface provides an ultralow work function with 0.9 eV, demonstrating its potential application in PETE devices. Combining with a photoemission model, the maximum conversion efficiency can attain 30% utilizing SiC as an anode. Moreover, the Mulliken charge analysis provides the details of surface charge transfer and implies the inner mechanism of work function alteration. This study provides guiding significance for the synthesis of SiC material with low work function and an effective theoretical method for the design of high-performance anode materials in application of PETE devices. The adsorption mechanism of Cs on n-type doped 3C-SiC(0001)-(2 × 1) and -(3 × 2) reconstructed surfaces and its application as the anode material of solar cell are systematically investigated. For one Cs adatom adsorption, Cs-covered (3 × 2) surfaces present stronger stability compared with (2 × 1) surfaces. Cs-decorated (3 × 2) surface with 0.5 ML coverage exhibits an ultralow work function as low as 0.9 eV. Based on the photoemission model, the maximum conversion efficiency of PETE devices with SiC anode can reach 30%. Highlights Cs-decorated SiC surfaces with ultralow work function are suitable as PETE anode materials. Cs adsorption mechanism on 3C-SiC(0001)-(2 × 1) and -(3 × 2) surfaces are explored. The optimum n-type doped (2 × 1) and (3 × 2) surfaces are, respectively, determined. 0.5 ML Cs-adsorbed (3 × 2) surfaces show an ultralow work function of 0.9 eV. Cs adsorption induces a [Cs+-SiC] dipole moment on (2 × 1) and (3 × 2) surfaces.

Synthesis of potassium metal ferrocyanide/Al-MCM-41 with fast and selective adsorption of cesium

In this work, low-cost and non-toxic diatomite was used as the silicon source and aluminum source to synthesize Al doped MCM-41 (Al-MCM-41), and Cs+ adsorbents has been prepared by immobilizing the potassium metal ferrocyanide (KMeFC, Me = Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Co2+, and Fe3+) on Al-MCM-41. The adsorbents have high surface area from 471.7 to 685.8 m2 g−1, and their Cs+ adsorption performance has been detailed investigated. The max Cs+ adsorption capacity is 1.1602 mmol g−1, 1.092 mmol g−1, 0.8174 mmol g−1, 0.6973 mmol g−1, and 0.4541 mmol g−1 for KZnFC/Al-MCM-41, KNiFC/Al-MCM-41, KCoFC/Al-MCM-41, KCuFC/Al-MCM-41, and KFeFC/Al-MCM-41, respectively. The KZnFC/Al-MCM-41 presents the highest adsorption capacity, and it can reach adsorption equilibrium with 10 min. The pH experiment results show the KZnFC/Al-MCM-41 can keep a higher adsorption capacity in pH range from 2 to 11. What more, the KZnFC/Al-MCM-41 present good adsorption selectivity against to K+, Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. The adsorption mechanism was also discussed, and the adsorption results show the adsorption process of Cs+ by KMeFC/Al-MCM-41 conforms to pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm adsorption model, and the thermodynamic experiments confirmed the adsorption process of Cs+ by KMeFC/Al-MCM-41 are endothermic and spontaneous. The FT-IR, XRD, and XPS of KZnFC/Al-MCM-41 before and after adsorption of Cs+ inferred that the adsorption process of the adsorbents mainly completed by the exchange between Cs+ and K+. This work provide a novel strategy to synthesis of KZnFC/Al-MCM-41 in low-cost and green route, and the adsorbent as-synthesized in this work is an efficient candidate for removing or extracting Cs+ from radioactive wastewater and mineral resources.

Sensitive and accurate methods for determination of low activity level of 90Sr and 137Cs in grass/vegetable samples

Sensitive, precise and accurate methods for determination of low activity level of 90Sr and 137Cs in grass/vegetable samples by a low background β-counter were developed. The method for 90Sr determination was based on coprecipitation as carbonate, elimination of 210Bi and iron with a Microthene-TOA column, separation of 90Y with a Microthene-HDEHP column, and source preparation as Y2(C2O4)3. The method for 137Cs determination was based on Cs adsorption on ammonium molybdophosphate and precipitation as Cs3Bi2I9 for source preparation. The quality control tests indicated that the methods could provide accurate results. The method application showed that: (1) The mean yields of yttrium and cesium were 79 ± 6% and 84 ± 2%, respectively. (2) The activity concentrations of 90Sr in 9 grass/vegetable samples were in the range of 0.04–1.8 Bq kg−1, while that of 137Cs in the range of 0.022–0.18 Bq kg−1. And (3) the uptake rate of 90Sr from soil to grass/vegetable was much higher than that of 137Cs.

Feasibility study on Si-doped ZnO with Cs coating surface for solar cell anode

Using first-principles calculation method, we investigate the possibility of Si-doped ZnO(0001) surface with Cs coating layer applied as the anode material of solar cell based on photon-enhanced thermionic emission (PETE) mechanism. The n-type doping and Cs adsorption process on ZnO(0001) surface are systematically discussed and analyzed. For n-type doping, five Si substitution doping models are established to study the effects of different doping sites on the formation energy, density of state and work function of n-type ZnO (0001) surfaces. Due to the lowest formation energy, the Site-2 doping model with Si replacing the Ga atom at the third bilayer is selected as the Cs adsorption substrate. Moreover, the optimum Cs adsorption site and coverage on Si-doped ZnO (0001) surface are respectively determined. Meanwhile, excessive Cs adsorption will lead to the appearance of “Cs poisoning” phenomenon. The [Cs-ZnO] dipole moment model can be employed to explain the variation mechanism of work function on Cs-covered surfaces. Based on PETE photoemission theory, the conversion efficiency of PETE devices with ZnO as anode material is predicted. These results provide guidelines for the design of PETE anode materials with high-conductivity and low work function.

Selective adsorption of cesium (I) from water by Prussian blue analogues anchored on 3D reduced graphene oxide aerogel

In this paper, Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) anchored on 3D reduced graphene aerogel (denoted as 3D rGO/PBAs) was prepared, characterized and applied for adsorption of Cs(I) from aqueous solution. The results showed that 3D rGO/PBAs had high specific surface and good hydrophilic property, which was beneficial to the exposure of adsorptive sites and the transfer of adsorbates. The composite exhibited excellent adsorption performance towards Cs(I), and the maximum adsorption capacity was up to 204.9 mg/g, higher than most of reported values. The pseudo second-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.999) and the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.997) could fit the adsorption process well, suggesting the nature of homogeneous monolayer chemisorption. High distribution coefficients (kd) (2.8 × 104 to 5.8 × 104 mL/g), revealed that the composite had good selectivity. Ion-exchange, ion trapping and the complexation interaction might be involved in the process of cesium adsorption, in which ion-exchange may be dominant by characterization results.

Insight into the synergistic photocatalytic-adsorptive removal of methyl orange dye using TiO2/chitosan based photocatalyst

The removal of methyl orange (MO) dye has been studied using TiO2/chitosan-montmorillonite (TiO2/Cs–MT) bilayer photocatalyst which also functions as an adsorbent. The dye removal experiments were conducted in the dark and under UV–Vis light irradiation via adsorption and photocatalysis-adsorption processes, respectively. The adsorption modelings were employed on the dark experimental data and compared with the immobilized and suspended Cs–Mt counterparts. It was found that the bilayer photocatalyst closely followed the adsorption properties of immobilized Cs–Mt which obeyed the pseudo-second-order kinetic and film diffusion models. Fluorescent analysis revealed that the charge separation was enhanced in the presence of Cs–Mt as a sub-layer of TiO2. Under light irradiation, the photocatalytic activity of TiO2/Cs–MT corresponded to its adsorption counterpart trend and was optimized at pH 6.5 and 20 mg L−1 of MO dye solution. High removal efficiency and synergism of MO by TiO2/Cs–MT over TiO2 single layer were observed throughout the 10 cycles of application due to contribution of adsorption of Cs–Mt sub-layer and photocatalysis by TiO2 top layer.

The electrochemical adsorption of Cs+ ion on the protonated Ni-doped MnO2 nanorods

In this work, the high-quality protonated Ni-doped MnO2 (H–Ni–MnO2 NRs) nanorods with a mean diameter of about 15 nm were synthesized by a hydrothermal method, which was successfully applied to Cs+ adsorption under electrochemical process. The as-prepared H–Ni–MnO2 NRs showed high selectivity to Cs+ adsorption in both acidic and neutral media. In particular, the amount of Cs+ adsorption increased with increasing solution pH. The adsorption capacity of H–Ni–MnO2 NRs for Cs+ could reach up to 11.5 mmol·g−1 at pH 7, much higher than previous reports (0.06–6 mmol·g−1). The high adsorption of H–Ni–MnO2 NRs ability could be attributed to their especial morphology, Ni doping, and Mn(III) amount enhancement induced by electrochemical reduction.

Removal of low concentration Cs(I) from water using Prussian blue

Many kinds of laboratory-scale synthesized Prussian blue-based materials (PBs) have been investigated as removal agents of radioactive Cs+via the adsorption of Cs+ in the crystal lattice of PBs. The removal ability is canonically demonstrated at high Cs+ concentrations, such as ppm order. However, the actual efflux of radioactive Cs+ after nuclear accidents in the environment is ppb level by dilution. We investigate the Cs+ removal ability of commercially available PB-based compounds at low Cs+ concentration below ppm order. Cs+ cations are rapidly removed using the PBs in a few minutes in water below 500 ppb Cs+ concentrations. Na+ cations in the crystal lattices of a used PB are released to water during the removal process. However, the released amount of Na+ is low compared with the adsorbed amount of Cs+, which indicates that Cs+ cations are removed by concerted two adsorption mechanisms: one is simple adsorption to the vacancy pores, and the other is ion-exchange between Cs+ and Na+. The rapid Cs+ removal is also observed on PBs in artificial seawater, whereas the Cs+ removal ability of zeolites as different types of Cs+ adsorbents disappears under the same removal condition.

High-efficiency continuous enrichment of cesium ions using CuFC composite microspheres: dynamic adsorption and mechanism analysis

In this study, we proposed a novel multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) doping strategy. Based on the composite cross-linking effect, CuFC was encapsulated by Calcium alginate (CA), and Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and MWCNT were introduced into the pellet-forming process to form composite microsphere with excellent mechanical strength. The composite microsphere was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDS and XPS spectrometry. The composite microsphere filled column has excellent adsorption performance and can be used for continuous adsorption of Cs+. The dynamic adsorption behavior was well fitted by the Thomas model and the Yoon–Nelson model. Therefore, CuFC composite microsphere has promising potential for Cs+ continuous adsorption from radioactive wastewater.

In situ assembly of PB/SiO2 composite PVDF membrane for selective removal of trace radiocesium from aqueous environment

A non-toxic and applicable surface-modified polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane consisting of Prussian blue (PB) and aminating silica (A-SiO2) nanoparticles was fabricated for the selective removal of trace radionuclide cesium (Cs) from water. The modified membrane denoted as PB/A-SiO2/PVDF exhibited high selective removal of cesium with a high permeate flux of more than 800 L/h∙bar∙m2 in a wide pH range from 3 to 9. The adsorption experiments showed that the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second order model fitted well with the experimental results. The maximum adsorption capacity was 10.95 mg-Cs/g-membrane (i.e. 78.21 mg-Cs/g-PB sorbent on membrane) for the membrane at an initial Cs concentration of 50 mg/L. Based on the high Cs adsorption capacity of PB, the membrane could remove more than 97.5% Cs in the presence of the coexisting ions and organic matter for more than 10 h. The filtrated membrane could be effectively regenerated by NH4Cl, H2O2 and HNO3 solution with negligible decrease in removal efficiency after repeated use. With the high membrane flux and selective removal efficiency, the fabricated membrane can be potentially applied in Cs contaminated water treatment.

Electro-assisted adsorption of Cs(I) and Co(II) from aqueous solution by capacitive deionization with activated carbon cloth/graphene oxide composite electrode

In this study, a new composite of activated carbon cloth/graphene oxide (ACC/GO) was prepared, characterized and used as electrode material for the electro-assisted adsorptive removal of Co2+ and Cs+ from aqueous solution. The ACC/GO composite was synthesized by a vacuum filtration method, and characterized by cyclic voltammetry and various surface characterization methods. Effect of applied voltage and initial concentration of Co2+ and Cs+ on their removal efficiency was examined. The kinetics and isotherms of Co2+ and Cs+ adsorption were investigated to explain the adsorption mechanism. At 0 V, the removal efficiency of Co2+ and Cs+ was 10.1% and 21.4%; at 1.2 V, electro-assistance increased the removal efficiency of Co2+ and Cs+ to 40.8% and 39.7%, respectively. Moreover, ACC/GO composite electrode had higher adsorption capacity compared to the pristine ACC electrode, due to its higher specific surface area and more oxygen-containing functional groups. The maximum adsorption capacity of Co2+ and Cs+ was 16.7 mg g−1 and 22.9 mg g−1, respectively at 1.2 V and 20 mg L−1 by ACC/GO composite electrode. The modeling and experimental results demonstrated that the removal mechanism involved in physical adsorption, chemical adsorption, and electro-adsorption. Overall, the prepared ACC/GO composite electrode had high capacitive deionization performance in removing heavy metal ions from wastewater.

Efficient cesium encapsulation from contaminated water by cellulosic biomass based activated wood charcoal

In this study, cost-effective cellulosic biomass based activated wood charcoal was developed from Japanese Sugi tree (Cryptomeria japonica) by concentrated nitric acid modification for adsorption of Cs from contaminated water. The physicochemical properties of specimens were investigated using N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms (BET method), FESEM, FTIR, and XPS spectra analysis. The experimental results revealed that the surface area of the raw wood charcoal was significantly decreased after boiling nitric acid modification. However, several oxygen-containing acidic function groups (-COOH, –CO) were introduced on the surface. The adsorption study confirmed that the equilibrium contact time was 1 h, the optimum adsorption pH was neutral to alkaline and the suitable adsorbent dose was 1:100 (solid: liquid). The maximum Cs was removed when the concentration of Na and K were lower (5.0 mM) with Cs in solution. The Cs adsorption processes well approved by the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models and the maximum adsorption capacity was 35.46 mgg−1. The Cs adsorption mechanism was clearly described and it was assumed that the adsorption was strongly followed by chemisorptions mechanism based on the adsorbent surface properties, kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model. Most importantly, about 98% of volume reduction was obtained by burning (500 °C) the Cs adsorbed charcoal, which ensured safe storage and disposal of radioactive waste. Therefore, this study can offer a guideline to produce a functional adsorbent for effective Cs removal and safe radioactive waste disposal.

Adsorption characteristics of cesium onto calcium-silicate-hydrate in concrete powder and block

The concrete building and paved roads in the urban areas can be exposed to cesium (Cs+) in case of the accidental release to environment. The adsorption kinetics of Cs+ onto concrete powder was well-represented by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and intra-particle diffusion model. Both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models adequately described the adsorption of Cs+ onto the concrete powder. Lower temperature favored the adsorption of Cs+, and the activation energy was estimated as 1.57 kJ/mol, which indicates a physical adsorption process. Additionally, the adsorption of Cs+ onto the concrete powder was spontaneous (ΔG<0), exothermic (ΔH<0), and its adsorption formed a stable arrangement onto the concrete powder (ΔS<0). The adsorption of Cs+ onto the concrete block was similar to that onto the powder, where the activation energy was 25.64 kJ/mol indicating physical adsorption. The presence of Na+ enhanced the adsorption of Cs+ because Na+ lowered the competitive inhibition of K+ on the adsorption of Cs+ based on hydrated radius and hydration enthalpy. The amounts of Cs+ adsorbed onto C–S–H gel were not substantial and the adsorption was slow, but it should be considered in an urban area due to a huge coverage of concrete.

Highly selective enrichment of radioactive cesium from solution by using zinc hexacyanoferrate(III)-functionalized magnetic bentonite

Realizing highly effective and selective enrichment of radioactive Cs(I) in complex environmental systems and exploring the microscale adsorption mechanism of Cs(I) on adsorbing material is the key point for developing highly efficient materials for Cs(I) adsorption. In addition, the low cytotoxicity of materials is essential for practical applications and environmental protection. In this study, the controlled assembly of bentonite carrier with a highly selective substance of Cs(I) is prepared by in-situ synthesis method in order to construct a low-toxic functional clay material with high adsorption capacity and selectivity of Cs(I) in complex environmental systems. The efficiency of the zinc hexacyanoferrate(III)-grafted magnetic bentonite (denoted as ZHF/MB) composite was evaluated in adsorption isotherm studies, kinetics analyses, and selectivity tests by using the batch technique. The toxicity of the ZHF/MB composite was evaluated through in vitro cytotoxicity assays using human hepatic cells (HepG2 cells). The results revealed that the ZHF/MB composite had not only a higher adsorption capacity (1.638 mmol/g, 60 °C) for Cs+ ions than a number of other natural and manmade materials but also no cytotoxicity in human cells. In addition, the ZHF/MB composite showed excellent selectivity for Cs+ with a removal efficiency of over 90% from solution (m/V = 0.4 g/L, [Mn+]initial = 10 mg/L, Mn+= Cs+, Ni2+,Sr2+, Co2+). The promising safe toxicology profile, remarkable Cs+ adsorption efficiency, and excellent selectivity of the ZHF/MB composite demonstrate its great potential for using as a decorporation agent for radioactive cesium remediation. The implementation of this research will provide new adsorption materials and method for radioactive Cs(I) waste management.