Crystallization Peak Research Articles

Effect of Sn Concentration on the Structural and Thermal Properties of SnxSb20Se80−x Glasses

SnxSb20Se80−x bulk glasses were prepared using the well-known melt quenching technique, where x was taken as 7.5 at.%, 9.5 at.%, 11.5 at.% and 13 at.%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetery (DSC) were used to monitor the crystallinity and transition temperatures, respectively. XRD examinations showed that the 7.5 at.% and 9.5 at.% compositions were purely amorphous, while the other two compositions exhibited a crystalline structure. DSC thermograms demonstrated that 7.5 at.% and 9.5 at.% alloys had a single crystallization peak, whereas for the 11.5 at.% and 13 at.% alloys, two exothermic peaks and three peaks appeared. The glass stability and kinetics of amorphization and crystallization were studied using different approaches. The correlation between topological constraints and the dimensionality of the growth was established.

THE STRUCTURAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF NON-STOICHIOMETRIC CADMIUM SELENIDE THIN FILMS

Non-stoichiometric CdxSe100-x (x=10, 20, 30 at. %) alloys were prepared by melt-quenching technique, while thin films of these alloys were prepared by vacuum thermal evaporation technique. The Differential thermal analysis (DTA) results showed that the composition affects the characteristic temperatures, for instance, the glass transition, and peak crystallization temperatures. X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) of the as-deposited films confirmed its amorphous nature except for films with x=30 at. %. These results were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations and correlated to the rigidity percolation threshold of the lattice. Furthermore, XRD patterns indicated that amorphous structures transformed into crystalline structures for annealed thin films at 423 K for 30 minutes. The microstructure parameters (crystal size, microstrain, and dislocation density) of both Se and CdSe phases were calculated for annealed films. The temperature dependence of dark d.c. conductivity of thin films was studied in the temperature range (300-500 K). The electrical measurements results showed two types of conduction mechanisms. Conduction is due to extended state in the temperature range (370-500 K) and variable range hopping in the temperature range (300-370 K). Moreover, in the high temperature range, the results indicate the validity of Meyer-Neldel rule (MNR) in the studied samples.

Exploring the impact of Bi2O3 addition on the thermal properties and crystallization behavior of lead borosilicate glasses

Novel heavy-metal oxide glasses with different compositions, specifically (80-x)PbO– xBi2O3–10B2O3–10SiO2, where x ranges from 0 to 60 mol%, were synthesized using a conventional melt-quenching technique. The amorphous nature of these glasses was confirmed through X-ray diffraction analysis. Additionally, infrared spectra were obtained for the prepared samples to explore their structural characteristics. Differential thermal analysis was performed to investigate the characteristic temperatures of the glasses, including the glass transition temperature, melting temperature, onset crystallization temperature, and peak crystallization temperature. The addition of Bi2O3 shifts the characteristic temperatures to higher values and affects the crystallization process and phases formed. Parameters like ΔT, KH, and KSP are used to evaluate and quantify glass stability. Dilatometric measurements demonstrated that substituting PbO with Bi2O3 in the glass composition resulted in an increase in glass transition temperature and dilatometric softening temperature, as well as a decrease in the coefficient of thermal expansion. Furthermore, we determined the density and calculated the molar volume of the samples. These findings deepen our understanding of the thermal behavior, glass stability, and structure-property relationships in lead borosilicate glasses with Bi2O3, facilitating the development and customization of glass compositions with desired thermal and physical characteristics for specific applications.

Thermo-Oxidative Aging Effect on Charge Transport in Polypropylene/Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Nanocomposites

This study investigates the impact of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles on the thermo-oxidative aging behavior of blends of polypropylene (PP) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). The samples, both unfilled and filled with MgO, were aged at 120 °C for varying durations of up to 672 h. The observed structural changes are not monotonic; recrystallization leads to the increased crystallinity and melting temperature of UHMWPE until 336 h. Beyond this, the consumption of the antioxidant leads to chain scission which, in turn, results in decreased crystallinity. The presence of carbonyl groups indicates chemical changes and, as such, the carbonyl index is used as an indicator of aging, with subsequent changes to charge transport. During thermal aging, the interaction between PP and UHMWPE chains at interfaces is enhanced, leading to improved compatibility and the emergence of a new single crystallization peak in PP/UHMWPE blends. Although MgO does not show evidence of elevating the crystallization temperature, implying the absence of enhanced nucleation, it acts as a compatibilizer, improving interfacial interaction compared with the unfilled blend counterparts. MgO hinders the breakage of molecular structures and impedes the diffusion of oxygen. This, in turn, results in nanocomposites filled with MgO having reduced their charge accumulation and conductivity, thus delaying the aging process compared to PP/UHMWPE blends without nanofiller.

Defining the physical properties of blends of acetyl‐triacylglycerols derived from transgenic oil seeds

AbstractAcetyl‐TAG are unusually structured triacylglycerols (TAG) that possess an acetate group at their sn‐3 position. Acetyl‐TAG have different physical properties compared to regular TAG, including lower viscosity and improved cold temperature properties, making acetyl‐TAG useful for different applications, including as a diesel replacement. These unusual TAG molecules can be synthesized in the seeds of transgenic plants through the expression of diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (DAcT) enzymes isolated from different Euonymus species. In this study, the kinematic viscosity as well as the crystallization and melting behavior of blends of acetyl‐TAG and regular TAG were examined to define goals for acetyl‐TAG synthesis in transgenic plants. Even small amounts of regular TAG when blended with acetyl‐TAG had a disproportionate effect on the viscosity of mixture. This effect of regular TAG in increasing kinematic viscosity was more pronounced at lower temperatures. Under slow cooling conditions, the two different TAGs and their blends possessed two main crystallization events with different degree of separation of the thermal transition, and the lower crystallization temperature decreased with increasing amounts of acetyl‐TAG in the blend. At higher cooling rates, one broad and tailed crystallization peak was observed. Heating thermograms indicate similar polymorphic behavior of the blends and a general peak shift to lower transition range with increasing acetyl‐TAG compared to the two pure lipids. This information about the viscosity and thermal properties of blends of TAG and acetyl‐TAG will provide useful targets for engineering higher levels of acetyl‐TAG in transgenic seeds.

Glass transition temperatures and crystallization kinetics of a synthetic, anhydrous, amorphous calcium-magnesium carbonate.

We report the first calorimetric observations of glass transition temperatures and crystallization rates of anhydrous, amorphous calcium-magnesium carbonate using fast scanning differential scanning calorimetry. Hydrous amorphous Ca0.95Mg0.05CO3 · 0.5H2O (ACMC) solid was precipitated from a MgCl2-NaHCO3 buffered solution, separated from the supernatant, and freeze-dried. An aliquot of the freeze-dried samples was additionally dried at 250°C for up to 6 h in a furnace and in a high-purity N2 atmosphere to produce anhydrous ACMC. The glass transition temperature of the anhydrous Ca0.95Mg0.05CO3 was determined by applying different heating rates (1000-6000 K s-1) and correcting for thermal lag to be 376°C and the relaxational heat capacity was determined to be Cp = 0.16 J/(g K). Additionally, the heating rate dependence of the temperature that is associated with the corrected crystallization peaks is used to determine the activation energy of crystallization to be 275 kJ mol-1. A high-resolution transmission electron microscopy study on the hydrous and anhydrous samples provided further constraints on their compositional and structural states. This article is part of the theme issue 'Exploring the length scales, timescales and chemistry of challenging materials (Part 1)'.

Preparation and Properties of MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 Glass–Ceramics with Controllable Crystalline Phases

MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 (MAS) glass–ceramics with controllable crystalline phases were successfully prepared using the melting method followed by heat treatment. The effects of the main components of glass on the crystallisation kinetics, nucleation, crystallisation and properties of glass–ceramics were investigated in detail. As the Al2O3 and MgO contents increase and SiO2 content decreases, the crystallisation peak temperature and activation energy of MAS glass decrease, while the crystal growth tends to follow a homogeneous nucleation crystallisation. The MAS glass nucleation temperature and time increase with higher concentrations of Al2O3 and MgO and with a lower SiO2 concentration. Mg2(Al4Si5O18) indialite and MgAl2O4 spinel precipitate simultaneously in the MAS glass after crystallisation; the relative proportion of crystalline phases is related to the composition and crystallisation temperature. A higher SiO2 content allows the formation of a dominant indialite phase, while higher MgO and Al2O3 contents promote the formation of a dominant spinel phase. The MAS glass ceramic with a greater indialite phase has good dielectric properties with a dielectric constant of 6.499 and dielectric loss of 0.0064, while that of a higher spinel phase possesses improved mechanical properties, with a Vickers hardness of 715 Hv and a bending strength of 244.9 MPa.

Effect of calcium pimelate on crystallization kinetics of polyphenylene sulfide

AbstractThe use of nucleating agents (NAs) to accelerate semicrystalline polymers crystallization is a widely recognized technique during processing. However, the commercially available NA for poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) has been rather limited. In this work, it is found that calcium pimelate (CaPim), a commercial nucleating agent for isotactic polypropylene, could also accelerate the crystallization process of PPS. The influence of CaPim addition on the crystallization behaviors of PPS was investigated under non‐isothermal and isothermal condition. Upon the addition of 0.3 wt% CaPim, the crystallization peak temperature and the onset crystallization temperature increases by 5.3 and 8.4°C at 10°C/min cooling rate, and the half‐time of crystallization reduces 51% at crystallization temperature of 272°C. Polarized optical observation revealed a substantial enhancement in nucleation due to the presence of CaPim. Avrami equation analysis suggested that the nucleating agent significantly increased the crystallization rate constant without affecting the growth dimension. Moreover, Lauritzen–Hoffman theory analysis indicateed that the addition of CaPim lowers the nucleation energy barrier, contributing to its high‐nucleation efficiency. These findings demonstrate that calcium pimelate holds promise as an effective nucleating agent for PPS.

Thermal and molecular characteristics of novel water-soluble polysaccharide from the Pteridium aquilinum and Dryopteris filix-mas

Novel water-soluble complex polysaccharides (CPS) were obtained from Pteridium aquilinum and Dryopteris filix-mas. The yield of CPS was determined to be 4.161%-5.677%. As a result of the physicochemical composition, the CPS contained 12.10–13.65% moisture, 1.983–2.686% protein, 0.123–0.916% lipids and 12.06–21.52% ash. In HPLC analysis, sugar components of the samples (glucose+fructose+saccharose+maltose+lactose) ranged between 35.85–40.98%. Peaks of the fingerprint region specific for polysaccharides were identified during FT-IR analysis. DSC analysis showed that the glassy transition temperature of the DFR sample was higher than in the other three samples. A double cold crystallization peak was detected in all samples. During TGA analysis, the CPS samples exhibited a small amount of mass loss (1.2–1.85%) between 0 and 100 °C, and the DTGmax.p1 region continued up to 215–230 °C. These findings indicate that the four types of polysaccharides have excellent thermal stability (up to 230 °C) and are applicable to high-temperature food processing.

Preparation of glass-ceramic by low-pressure hot-pressing sintering of CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2(-CaCl2) glass powder

CaCl2 can dissolve in the silicate glasses, and thus, using the CaCl2-bearing glass for the preparation of glass-ceramic could be a potential method for treating CaCl2-bearing wastes. In this work, two kinds of glass powders, CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 and CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-CaCl2, were sintered at 825–850 ℃ to prepare the glass-ceramic. Besides, a low-pressure (19.1kPa) hot-pressing sintering technology was applied to reduce the porosity and pore size of the glass-ceramic. The addition of CaCl2 (5 wt%) reduced the polymerization degree, glass transition temperature, crystallization peak temperature, and crystallization activation energy of the glass. Augite was the main crystalline phase of the glass-ceramic, and the addition of CaCl2 promoted the precipitation of anorthite. The glass-ceramic prepared from the Cl-containing glass always exhibited a higher bending strength than that obtained from the Cl-free glass. When sintered at 825 ℃ for 8 h, the glass-ceramic showed the highest bending strength of 171 MPa.

Crystallization kinetics in a lithium disilicate glass revisited: Model-free and model-fitting approaches

The present work estimated the crystallization activation energy, Eα, the pre-exponential term, A, and the reaction model, g(α), of a lithium disilicate glass using model-free and model-fitting approaches. Samples with distinct granulometry (PD1: < 105 μm; and PD5: 600–850 μm) were heated at several rates (0.5 to 30 K/min). Our results show that Eα, A, and g(α) are susceptible to particle size. PD1 crystallizes in a single step, and the surface mainly governs it all β values. On the other hand, the overall crystallization of PD5 is more complex and can be described by different Avrami reaction models, with n = 1, 1.5, 2, and 3. In addition, we found that the crystallized fraction at the crystallization peak (αTp) varies significantly with the particle size and heating rate, which confirms that all the methods that assume that the αTp is constant are inadequate to describe the crystallization of glasses over a wide range of heating rates.

Two Fe-Zr-B-Cu Nanocrystalline Magnetic Alloys Produced by Mechanical Alloying Technique

Fe-rich soft magnetic alloys are candidates for applications as magnetic sensors and actuators. Spring magnets can be obtained when these alloys are added to hard magnetic compounds. In this work, two nanocrystalline Fe-Zr-B-Cu alloys are produced by mechanical alloying, MA. The increase in boron content favours the reduction of the crystalline size. Thermal analysis (by differential scanning calorimetry) shows that, in the temperature range compressed between 450 and 650 K, wide exothermic processes take place, which are associated with the relaxation of the tensions of the alloys produced by MA. At high temperatures, a main crystallisation peak is found. A Kissinger and an isoconversional method were used to determine the apparent activation of the exothermic processes. The values are compared with those found in the scientific literature. Likewise, adapted thermogravimetry allowed for the determination of the Curie temperature. The functional response has been analysed by hysteresis loop cycles. According to the composition, the decrease of the Fe/B ratio diminishes the soft magnetic behaviour.

Control of the crystalline morphology of polyphenylene sulfide in secondary thermoforming by the strong memory effect of crystallization

Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), as a typical resin for aerospace thermoplastic composites, often undergoes repeated melting and crystallization during thermoforming. Thermal histories can introduce the self-nucleation (SN) effect in certain circumstances, which will significantly accelerate the overall crystallization rate of PPS. In this article, the SN behavior of PPS and its influence on nonisothermal and isothermal crystallization behavior were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, and the multiscale crystalline morphology and structure were characterized. A unique SN domain within the temperature range of 292 °C–323 °C was identified, where the melting endotherm reaches the melt baseline and the peak crystallization temperature remains stable, while the spherulite size is several hundred nanometers. The mechanisms of the impact of molecular chain topology at different melting temperatures on the SN behavior were proposed. This work provides guidance for the design of PPS crystalline structure and suggests a stable thermoforming processing region, approximately 20 °C above the melting point.

Crystallization mechanism and properties of CaO-B2O3-SiO2-Nb2O5 (CBSN) glass-ceramics

CaO-B2O3-SiO2Nb2O5 (CBSN) glass-ceramics were produced by melt water quenching and isothermal heat treatment in this paper. The FTIR results showed that with the addition of Nb2O5, the combination of B-O and Si-O would be destroyed, resulting in a decrease in the number of [BO3] and [SiO4] units. The results about DSC of glass powder showed that with the increase of Nb2O5 doping amount, the softening temperature (Tg) of glass, the initial temperature of the crystallization peak (Tc), the temperature corresponding to the endothermic peak intensity (Tp) of exothermic peaks and the activation energy values of the CaSiO3 and CaB2O4 crystal phase moved to high values, indicating that the crystallization of the CaSiO3 and CaB2O4 phase became difficult. The results of crystallization kinetics showed that the nucleation rate and crystallization rate decreased near Tc1 and Tc2, indicating that the crystal phase crystallization near Tc1 and Tc2 was inhibited. The critical cooling rate decreased with the addition of Nb2O5, indicating that the viscosity of the glass system increased. The XRD results of glass-ceramics showed that the main crystal phase of the sample changed from α-CaSiO3 to β-CaSiO3 and finally to CaNb2O6 with the addition of Nb2O5.The CBSN2 glass-ceramics sintered at 865 °C for 15 min had excellent dielectric properties: εr = 6.42 and tanδ = 1.049 × 10−3 (1 MHz). The results indicated that CBSN glass-ceramics could be a potential LTCC substrate material.

Resolving Molecular Size and Homologues with a Self-Assembled Metal–Organic Framework Photonic Crystal Detector

Traditional environmental photonic sensing based on the balanced reflection of a photonic structure can hardly be applied to distinguish molecular size and homologues, since the refractive index change introduced by these analytes can be too similar to be unambiguously distinguished. Here, a sensing method based on the pore size selectivity and organics adsorption–desorption capacity of self-assembled ZIF-8 photonics crystal is demonstrated, which can tell apart different molecular sizes, homologues, and organics with similar structures and physical properties. Specificity is improved by the inherent relationships between the pore size of ZIF-8 metal–organic frameworks and the associated molecular diffusion rates in the pores, so that the combination of the observed peak shift and recovery time are unique to each analyte. Using this method, selective detection of molecular size is also demonstrated in the case of linear vs cyclic molecules, since only the former can penetrate inside the ZIF-8 pores to induce a large wavelength shift. The reflection peak shift caused by the linear molecules was found to be about 30–40 nm, an order of magnitude larger compared to those for the cyclic molecules. A relationship between the diffusion rate of linear molecules in ZIF-8 pore and the recovery time of photonic crystal reflective peak is further established, linking the recovery time and the linear molecular diffusion coefficient. Finally, different linear molecules are identified by their associated recovery time to detect homologues or organics with similar refractive index.

Structural and thermal characteristics of Ge30−xSbxTe10Se60 (0 ≤ x ≤ 20) glasses for electronic devices

Thermal characterization of different compositions of Ge30−xSbxTe10Se60 (x = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 at.%) glassy materials has been investigated through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The tested glasses have been synthesized by melt-quench technique. Glassy materials display compositional phase separation at x = 0, 5, 10, 15 at.%. For additional increase in Sb content at x = 20 at.%, the separation of phases combines in the glass matrix. The glass transition temperature (Tg), initial temperature of crystallization (Tc), peak crystallization temperature (Tp) and melting temperature (Tm) were found to be affected by both heating rate and composition. It is noticed that the increasing of antimony mass percentage in the glassy matrix is leading to decrease in Tg, Tc, Tp and Tm values. The melting temperature (Tm) of these glasses was found in the range 733–746 K for the first phase and in the range 740–792 K for the second phase. The activation energy of glass transition (Eg), activation energy for crystallization (Ec), Avrami index (n) and fragility index (Fi) were calculated using these specific temperatures. Eg decreases with increasing Sb content in all studied samples, but Eg is increasing in the sample with Sb content of 20%, and hence, it varies between 102.7 and 110.6 kJ approximately, whereas (Ec) decreases with the increase in the Sb content in all the tested samples and varies between 283 and 339 kJ. The fragility index varies between 10 and 26 indicating that the melts of these glasses are strong, and the fragility is minimum. The results were discussed in terms of the average coordination number NC and chemical bond approach.

A method for studying nucleating additives in high-density polyethylene via crystallization of micro-droplets in immiscible blends

Typically, the study of additives with nucleating ability towards high-density polyethylene (HDPE) is challenging, because of the exceedingly high intrinsic nucleation density of this polymer, which prevents the detection of mild nucleation effects with standard calorimetric methods. Here we propose a novel method to tackle this issue by making use of the fractionated crystallization, observed when blending HDPE with polystyrene (PS). In this system, a small amount of HDPE is dispersed into droplets of around 1 μm size in the amorphous matrix and, due to the presence of droplets ensembles free of nucleating heterogeneity, the achievable undercooling is greatly enlarged with respect to bulk HDPE. As such, it is found that various potentially nucleating additives affect the fractionated crystallization behavior of the blend, forming populations of droplets which crystallize at distinctly higher temperatures with respect to that of neat HDPE/PS. On the contrary, bulk additivated HDPEs do not show meaningful differences in their peak crystallization temperatures. The method was applied to the technological problem of shrinkage and warpage in injection moulded coloured HDPEs, revealing that the critical behavior of a particular coloured masterbatch could be clearly associated with its higher nucleating efficiency with respect to a “non-critical” masterbatch. Moreover, the calculation of the fraction of crystallization enthalpy in selected temperature ranges allowed to determine in a semi-quantitative way the nucleation efficiency of several additives. Thus, the proposed fractionated crystallization approach proved to be successful in the notoriously difficult task of assessing different HDPE nucleating additives.

Remediation of Cd-contaminated soil by electrokinetics coupled with the permeable reactive barrier from immobilized yeast

Yeast was used to prepare permeable reactive barrier (PRB) with immobilized microbial technology, and the electrokinetics coupled with the immobilized yeast PRB (IMEK-PRB) was established to remediate Cd-contaminated soil. The effect of the different PRBs prepared by immobilized microbial technology on Cd removal was explored. The voltage gradient had influence on the removal of Cd, and the removal reached as high as 53.70 % at a voltage gradient of 2.5 V/cm. The lowest removal about 34.12 % was obtained with yeast pellets prepared by the embedding method used as PRB. The yeast in PRB was partially broken and adhered, and the intensity of the absorption peak of the group analyzed with infrared spectra and the crystal diffraction peak from X-ray diffraction changed, leading to a decrease in its activity. The average removal of Cd increased by >10 % when fly ash-based yeast pellets prepared with the adsorption-embedding method, and fly ash-adsorbed yeast prepared by the adsorption method were used as PRB. IMEK-PRB remediation would greatly reduce the toxicity of Cd-contaminated soil, weaken harmful effects on the soil environment and reduce environmental risks. The fly ash-based yeast pellets used in IMEK-PRB have great application prospects for the remediation of Cd-contaminated soil.

A new purification method for 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and its application as vulcanization accelerator

In this work, a new purification method for 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) and its application as a vulcanization accelerator was reported, and the properties of MBT samples were comprehensively investigated. According to the chemical equation of this purified reaction, the byproduct of the CO2 method was easy to treat. Results showed that the melting point and yield of experimental CAMBT samples were increased to 173.6 °C and 93.11%, respectively. The chemical structure and crystal absorption peak of all MBT samples were also measured by the FTIR and XRD analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to study the residue of resin in MBT samples. Element content confirmed the existence of C, N, H, and S elements, and there were no other elements in the products. What is more important, the mechanical properties of experimental CDMBT@NR and SAMBT@NR samples were better than that of UMBT@NR. Thus, this paper offers a new purification method for MBT and investigates its application as a vulcanization accelerator.

Amorphous solid dispersion preparation via coprecipitation improves the dissolution, oral bioavailability, and intestinal health enhancement properties of magnolol

Magnolol (MAG) is a multifunctional plant polyphenol with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant and antitumor properties. In poultry, it has been shown to improve growth performance, antioxidant, immune functions and intestinal health. However, its applications are limited by poor solubility and low oral bioavailability. This study aimed at improving the water solubility of MAG through solid dispersion and investigating its effects in Arbor Acre (AA) broilers. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose succinic acid (HPMCAS) was used as a carrier to prepare magnolol solid dispersions (MAG-HPMCAS SD) via antisolvent coprecipitation, which were characterized thereafter. Optimal formulation proportions for SD were screened by in vitro dissolution assays, while its effects on improving absorption were investigated via in vivo pharmacokinetic assays. In addition, we evaluated the effects of MAG-HPMCAS SD on growth performance, antioxidant status, and gut microbiota in AA broilers. The powder samples prepared via antisolvent coprecipitation did not exhibit a crystal diffraction peak of MAG in powder X-ray diffractions or melting point peak in differential scanning calorimetry, proving the successful preparation of an amorphous solid dispersion system. The in vitro dissolution assay showed that the cumulative dissolution rate of MAG-HPMCAS(LF) SD (2:8, w/w) was 100%. Pharmacokinetic analyses revealed that the peak concentration (Cmax) of MAG-HPMCAS SD was 5.07 ± 0.73 μg/mL, which was 1.76 times greater than that of MAG. In addition, AUC0-48 and t1/2 of MAG-HPMCAS SD were 40.49 ± 6.29 g·h/mL and 9.15 ± 3.23 h, respectively, which were 2.17 and 2.56 times higher than those of MAG. Supplementation of MAG-HPMCAS SD in AA broilers significantly increased ADG (7-14 d and 15-21 d) and reduced feed conversion ratio (15-21 d) (P < 0.05). Bacterial diversity in the MAG-HPMCAS SD-supplemented group was greater than in the Control and MAG-supplemented group. Supplementation of MAG-HPMCAS SD stimulated the proliferation of beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae. In conclusion, the MAG-HPMCAS SD prepared by coprecipitation improved the dissolution rate, the bioavailability of MAG, growth promotion, antioxidant effects and gut health in broilers.