Crustaceans Research Articles

Mesozoic and Cenozoic Crustacea: updating their systematics

Mesozoic and Cenozoic Crustacea: updating their systematics

霞ヶ浦における魚類および甲殻類の現存量の経年変化

霞ヶ浦の魚類と甲殻類の現存量が漁獲量と同調して減少しているかを検証するため，1986～2005年に霞ヶ浦の北岸と南岸で行われた定置網調査のデータを解析した。その結果，解析対象の魚類38種と甲殻類2種の調査1回あたりの平均入網総重量は北岸，南岸ともに増加し，また，入網1個体あたりの平均体重も増加していた。各種の平均入網重量の経年変化は種によって動向が異なっており，北岸でいえば，アユやニゴイ，コイ，フナ類，チャネルキャットフィッシュなど11種では増加し，ワカサギやクルメサヨリ，ヌマチチブなどハゼ科魚類4種は減少していた。以上のことから魚類と甲殻類の現存量は，漁獲量とは異なり20年間で増加傾向にあることが強く示唆され，現存量を把握するためには漁獲統計に基づかないモニタリング調査が必要といえた。また，この現存量の増加は小型魚の増加によるものではなく，中・大型魚の増加によるものと考えられた。

Age, growth, sex ratio and diet of eastern mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859 in Seyhan Dam Lake (Adana/Turkey)

The aim of this study is to provide necessary information on the biology of mosquitofish in Seyhan Dam Lake in Adana, which is located in southern part of Turkey. The population structure of eastern mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859 was studied in Seyhan Dam Lake. A total of 1582 specimens (772 males and 810 females) were collected monthly from January to December, 2007. The age composition of the sample range between 0+ and 2+in both sexes. The sex ratio was M:F= 1:1.04. The length-weight relationship calculated for all individuals, with W=0.0129 x L 2.927 . von Bertalanffy growth parameters were for males, L∞=3.31cm, K=0.6597 year -1 , to =0.9483 year; for females L∞=6.62cm, K=0.2369 year 1 , to =0.9259 year; for all samples, L∞=5.84cm, K=0.2369 year -1 , to =-1.0740 year. A total of 102 stomachs were examined and total of organisms identified from alimentary canal. The diet mainly consist of Diptera (Chironomidae (pupa) 29.40%; Diptera (adult) 24.50%), Egg (mosquito 14.70%; different organisms 1.96%), Crustacea (Copepoda 9.80%, Cladocera 3.92%), Coleoptera 4.90%, Hemiptera 1.96%, Fishes (G. holbrooki 3.92%), Other Hymenoptera 1.96%, Tricoptera 0.98%, Plecoptera 0.98%, Formicidae 0.98%. These data were conducted to compare with the results of other studies to carry out for other geographic areas.

Ecological traits of Caribbean sea anemones and symbiotic crustaceans

In Caribbean coral reefs, many crustacean species associate with sea anemones, but only a few are anemone symbionts. We examined several ecological traits of 3 anemone species (Bartholomea annulata, Condylactis gigantea, Lebrunia danae) and their crustacean symbionts (6 species) on a coral reef at Puerto Morelos, Mexico. On average, C. gigantea was the largest and B. annulata the most abundant of the 3 anemone species. Season did not affect the density distri- bution of any species, whereas reef zone (back reef, fore reef, reef channels) significantly affected density and mean size of B. annulata and C. gigantea, but only density of L. danae. The probability of harboring crusta ceans increased with anemone size in all species, but varied with reef zone and season in B. annulata only. These patterns may be due to different microhabitat requirements, reproductive strategies, or photosynthetic plasticity of dinoflagellate endosymbionts among hosts, and different flow regimes among reef zones. Alpheus armatus and Ancylomenes pedersoni were strongly associated with B. annulata, and Periclimenes rathbunae with L. danae. Thor amboinen- sis and Mithraculus cinctimanus occurred more often in C. gigantea, while P. yucatanicus was more evenly associated with the 3 hosts. Only Ancylomenes pedersoni and T. amboinensis occurred in conspecific groups more often than expected by chance. Commensal complexes of up to 3 symbiont species occurred in all host species, with symbionts that typically used different parts of the host coexisting more frequently. These results provide a baseline to assess the poten- tial influence of local and global anthropogenic stressors on anemonecrustacean symbioses.

Analysis on heavy metal pollution in major seafoods from Zhoushan Fishery, China

Through reviewing data on surveys, tested materials especially on lead in Zhoushan fisheries, with ground lead, cadmium and methyl-mercury were analyzed and evaluated. According to the distribution of Zhoushan fisheries, we randomly selected a certain number of Zhoushan seafood as research objects from four counties or districts. Different kinds of seafood would include sea fish, seawater crustaceans, seawater soft-bodied animals and sea algae. The inedible parts of all the seafood were removed, and then the samples of the edible parts were grinding into homogenate. We measured the contents of lead and cadmium, using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry method. The content of methylmercury was measured, using the gas chromatography (acid extraction method of mercaptoacetic cotton). Data from 2007 to 2009 was analyzed under SPSS software. (1) The average standardized rates were: lead as 3.90% (11/282), cadmium as 11.35% (32/282) and methylmercury as 2.84% (8/282). (2) Results from the comprehensive evaluation on the contents of metals showed the following rankings: seaweed (0.4513 mg/kg), marine molluscs (0.1155 mg/kg), marine crustaceans (0.0486 mg/kg), sea-fish (0.0419 mg/kg). (3) Results from the single-factor variance analysis showed that the accumulation of lead, cadmium and methylmercury in different types of seafood were: lead F = 35.683 (P < 0.001); cadmium F = 25.301 (P < 0.001); methylmercury F = 25.990 (P < 0.001). (4) Data on the safety analysis related to the different types of seafood on lead, cadmium, methylmercury food, the Chi-square tests showed as: lead χ(2) = 10.167, P < 0.05; cadmium χ(2) = 62.940, P < 0.001; methylmercury χ(2) = 20.960, P < 0.001. (5) Seafood in different years on lead, cadmium, methylmercury accumulation comparison, the Spearman correlation test results showed: lead P = 0.000, cadmium P = 0.974, methylmercury P = 0.024. (6) The contents of seafood lead, cadmium and methylmercury in different years that with statistically significant differences were as follows: lead χ(2) = 6.440, P < 0.05; cadmium χ(2) = 34.455, P < 0.001; methylmercury χ(2) = 5.226, P > 0.05. The situation of heavy metal pollution in different kinds of Zhoushan fisheries was different. Algae appeared the worst while sea fish, sea water crustaceans pollution were light, with lead and methylmercury mainly influencing sea algae and cadmium mainly in the sea algae, followed by seawater software class. The rates over standards of different kinds of seafood were different from each other, while the rates over standards of lead, cadmium and methylmercury in sea algae were the highest. Evaluated by pollution index, lead, methylmercury pollution was still low, but cadmium in the sea with mild pollution in algae seafood. In the recent three years, heavy metal lead pollution in seafood were worsened, while the cadmium, methylmercury pollution levels remained basically stable.

Fungi and Straminipilous organisms found at bathing sites in the vicinity of Białystok

Introduction. Fungi and straminipilous organisms play a significant role in aquatic ecosystems as a food source for many invertebrates and in the process of mineralization of organic matter. Research on the occurrence of fungi and straminipila at bathing sites has a major sanitary and epidemiological significance since it allows registration of fungi that can be potentially pathogenic to man. The ai m of the present study was to establish species diversity of fungi and straminipila found in four bathing sites in the vicinity of Bialystok, to determine or exclude potential etiological factors of mycotic infections, and to determine the effect of physicochemical parameters of the waters examined on the growth of this group of destruents in the spring and autumn of 2006/2007. Material and methods. The baiting method was used to isolate fungi from water samples collected at the respective bathing sites. Fungi and straminipilous organisms were trapped using amphipod crustacean Gammarus pulex , grass snake skin, onion skin, buckwheat seeds, as well as seeds of clover and cannabis. Results. Forty-two species were identified, with the predominance of saprothrophic fungi, particularly species Aspergillus fumigatus - a potential etiologic agent factor for aspergillosis. Most species were found in the water of the bathing site in Supraśl and Jurowce -26 (RF-63.41%), the fewest in Korycin -16 (RF-39.02%). Conclusion. Species diversity of the fungal and straminipilous organisms at the investigated bathing sites depended on characteristics of a given ecosystem, biotic and abiotic factors.

Tiny crustacean has terrific teeth

Elastic protein helps copepods munch through shells.

Trophic and reproductive aspects of some batoids caught at Santa Marta in the Colombian Caribbean Sea

This paper presents the reproductive condition and feeding spectrum of four batoid species caught as bycatch by artisanal fishermen in two sectors of the Colombian Caribbean Sea between August 2005 and September 2006. Specimens were evaluated from a total of 570 hauls done off Salguero beach and 149 off Don Jaca, with sampling periods of 12 to 26 days per month. The total and relative abundance of the batoids caught were determined, as were the sexual proportion and representativity of each sexual maturity stage. Specimens sampled were: 176 Narcine bancroftii (127 females, 49 males); 167 Rhinobatos percellens (83 females, 84 males); 237 Urotrygon venezuelae (126 females, 111 males), and 119 Dasyatis guttata (58 females, 61 males). Although specimens from all stages of maturity were caught, the immature (I) and mature (III) stages were dominant. Based on the sexual proportion obtained, no marked spatial-temporal segregation was observed. The overall diet consisted of crustaceans, annelids, and teleosts, with unique food preferences that allow the sampled species to avoid interspecific competition.

Population Dynamics of the Indonesian Mantis Shrimp, Harpiosquilla raphidea (Fabricius 1798) (Crustacea: Stomatopoda) Collected from a Mud Flat in Kuala Tungkal, Jambi Province, Sumatera Island

This study aim was to reveal the population structure, growth, life span and exploitation rate of mantis shrimp ( Harpiosquilla raphidea Fabricius, 1798). This research was conducted in Kuala Tungkal, Tanjung Jabung Barat, Jambi from July 2009 to June 2010 and partially carried out periodically. The results showed the difference in group size distribution between the mantis shrimp caught in the intertidal and those caught in subtidal areas. The length of the mantis shrimps in the intertidal area ranged from 25 to 233 mm with the dominant length was 7996 mm, while in the subtidal area the length ranged from 160-366 with dominant length between 193-258 mm. Growth coefficient (K) was 0.14 for males and 0.11 for females; while L ∞ was the same for the two sexes, i.e. 381.68 mm. The life-span of the shrimp was estimated to be 6.7 to 8.5 years. The value of exploitation rate (E) was 0.42 indicating a not optimum exploitation rate of the shrimp. Key words: mantis shrimp, growth, exploitation rate, life-span, Kuala Tungkal Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan struktur populasi, pertumbuhan, lama mass hidup, dan laju ekspoitasi dari udang mantis ( Harpiosquilla raphidea Fabricius, 1798). Penelitian ini dilakukan secara periodik di Kuala Tungkal, Tanjung Jabung Barat, Jambi dari Juli 2009 hingga Juni 2010. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan adanya dua kelompok ukuran yang berbeda di daerah intertidal dengan di daerah subtidal. Ukuran panjang udang mantis yang hidup di daerah intertidal berkisar 25-233 mm dengan kelompok dominan berukuran 79-96 mm, sedangkan di daerah subtidal ukuran panjang udang mantis adalah 160-366 mm dengan kelompok dominan berukuran 193-258 mm. Koefisien pertumbuhan (K) adalah 0,14 untuk jantan dan 0,11 untuk betina; sementara L ∞ kedua jenis kelamin adalah sama yakni 381,68 mm. Lamanya masa hidup jenis udang mantis ini diperkirakan antara 6,7 sampai 8,5 tahun. Nilai laju eksploitasi (E) sebesar 0,42 mengindikasikan laju yang belum optimum. Kata kunci: Udang mantis, pertumbuhan, laju eksploitasi, masa hidup, Kuala Tungkal

Hemocyanin subunits composition as a molecular marker for identification of Intra-specific variations of Gammarus

Crustacean hemocyanins represent a unique case of molecular heterogeneity among oxygen-carrying proteins. Two populations of Gammarus lacustris and six populations of Gammarus komareki were identified and isolated from aquatic habitats of Ardabil (northwest of Iran). The populations were nominated based on name of isolated region. Principal component analysis of morphological absolute attributes showed that the populations were relatively dissociated. The Meshkin population of G. komareki was completely different from other populations. The analysis of relative attributes was not shown any dissociation. Hemolymph profile analysis using Native PAGE revealed 5 to 7 hemocyanin subunits for four populations of G. komareki and 8 subunits for two populations of G. lacustris. Detection of copper ions using bathocuproin sulfonate on Native PAGE surface confirmed the hemocyanin bands. Using SDS PAGE, 1-3 and 1 protein bands were separated for hemolymph samples from G. lacustris and G. komareki, respectively. Molecular weights of the bands were 75 - 80 KDa. Comparison of our results with the previous published data confirms species specificity of hemocyanin subunit composition. These results imply that ecological variation may affect the morphological traits, but the hemocyanin profiles are useful as a molecular marker for taxonomic studies and identifying very closely-related species of Gammarus.

Contenido de metales en Cancer polyodon (Crustacea: Decapoda) en un sistema de bahias del norte de Chile (27°S)

El contenido de Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Fe, Al y Ni fue analizado en tejido muscular de Cancer polyodon en las bahias de Caldera, Calderilla, Inglesa y Salada (Atacama, Chile). Los resultados fueron comparados con estudios similares desarrollados por otros autores y la normativa de caracter nacional e internacional relacionada con el contenido de metales pesados en crustaceos para consumo humano. El orden de abundancia de los metales analizados en C. polyodon fue Cd<Ni<Cu<Pb<Zn<Fe<Al. Las concentraciones medias de Cd, Pb, Fe y Al fueron mas elevadas en bahia Salada, mientras que el Cu y Ni lo fue en bahia Caldera y el Zn en bahia Inglesa. Todos los metales, con excepcion de Cu, presentaron diferencias significativas ( P < 0,05) entre las bahias analizadas. De los siete metales analizados en C. polyodon las concentraciones de Pb, Fe y Al presentaron niveles mas elevados que los reportados para otros sistemas costeros. Las concentraciones de Cu (excepto bahia Calderilla), Cd (excepto bahias Caldera e Inglesa) y Pb sobrepasaron los valores permitidos por la normativa nacional e internacional, lo que sugiere que la presencia de estos metales en C. polydon representa un potencial riesgo para la salud humana.

Characterization of a natural hemolysin in the serum of a hermit crab Clibanarius longitarsus (Crustacea: Decapoda)

A naturally occurring hemolysin (HL) was detected in the serum of the hermit crab Clibanarius longitarsus using mammalian RBC as indicator cells. The serum gave the highest HL titer with rabbit RBC. Cross adsorption of C. longitarsus serum with fixed rabbit RBC resulted in the complete removal of the lytic activity from the serum. The hemolytic activity in the serum of C. longitarsus was independent of divalent cations, reversibly sensitive to EDTA, thermolabile, stable between the pH 6-8. Further studies demonstrated that the HL activity is proteinaceous as it was precipitable by conventional deproteinizing agents and susceptible to the action of proteases and 2-mercapthoethanol. The HL-inhibition assay performed with several carbohydrates (mono, di, oligo, polysaccharides and Lipo polysaccharides) revealed that the serum HL was capable of specifically recognizing laminarin (a homopolymer of β 1, 3-glucan). Thus this hemolysin appears to be unique among all the known crustacean hemolysins.

Fragile X mental retardation protein is required for programmed cell death and clearance of developmentally-transient peptidergic neurons

Fragile X syndrome (FXS), caused by loss of fragile X mental retardation 1 ( FMR1) gene function, is the most common heritable cause of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders. The FMR1 product (FMRP) is an RNA-binding protein best established to function in activity-dependent modulation of synaptic connections. In the Drosophila FXS disease model, loss of functionally-conserved dFMRP causes synaptic overgrowth and overelaboration in pigment dispersing factor (PDF) peptidergic neurons in the adult brain. Here, we identify a very different component of PDF neuron misregulation in dfmr1 mutants: the aberrant retention of normally developmentally-transient PDF tritocerebral (PDF-TRI) neurons. In wild-type animals, PDF-TRI neurons in the central brain undergo programmed cell death and complete, processive clearance within days of eclosion. In the absence of dFMRP, a defective apoptotic program leads to constitutive maintenance of these peptidergic neurons. We tested whether this apoptotic defect is circuit-specific by examining crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) and bursicon circuits, which are similarly developmentally-transient and normally eliminated immediately post-eclosion. In dfmr1 null mutants, CCAP/bursicon neurons also exhibit significantly delayed clearance dynamics, but are subsequently eliminated from the nervous system, in contrast to the fully persistent PDF-TRI neurons. Thus, the requirement of dFMRP for the retention of transitory peptidergic neurons shows evident circuit specificity. The novel defect of impaired apoptosis and aberrant neuron persistence in the Drosophila FXS model suggests an entirely new level of “pruning” dysfunction may contribute to the FXS disease state.

Effects of temperature and photoperiod on glucose and vitellogenin hemolymph concentrations in crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (van Martens 1868)

The freshwater crayfish Cherax quaricarinatus has been recently introduced in several countries world-wide. From a practical point of view there is a growing interest in the biology of this species. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of scientific information concerning the reproduction of this species and the effects of environmental factors which occur during ovarian maturation (Sagi et al., 1996). In tropical crustacean species, the reproduction cycle is very short compared to the European crayfish native species and it occurs several times per year...

Presence of Penaeus monodon in the continental shelf of the State of Para, Northern Brazil (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae)

Um especime do camarao-tigre-gigante Penaeus monodon foi capturado em outubro de 2010 com rede de arrasto de fundo, por embarcacoes da frota industrial de peixes diversos, na plataforma continental do Estado do Para. O exemplar e uma femea e foi coletado em profundidade de 25 m. O registro comprova que, desde a decada de 1980, a especie ocorre em aguas da plataforma continental norte brasileira.

Relationship between taxocenoses of decapod crustaceans and characteristics of coastal detritic bottoms in the east and southeast of the Spanish coast

espanolThis paper studies the composition of decapod crustacean populations in coastal detritic bottoms of east and southeast Spain. A series of statistical analyses were performed in order to compare composition and diversity. The decapod taxocenoses shows higher levels of abundance, wealth and diversity in the locations identifi ed as typical detritic bottoms. Finally, some groups of species could be used for typify the biocenoses of typical coastal detritic bottom, like: Paguristes eremita, Ebalia edwardsi, E. deshayesi, Eurynome aspera, Galathea intermedia, Parthenope massena, and Anapagurus hyndmani; the biocenoses of muddy coastal detritic bottoms: Ebalia tuberosa, Atelecyclus rotundatus, Ethusa mascarone and Liocarcinus zariquieyi; and Muddy sand biocenoses: Upogebia deltaura, Goneplax rhomboides. francaisNous avons etudie la composition des populations de crustaces decapodes a l'Est des fonds detritiques circalittoral et du Sud-Iberique par rapport aux differents facies, la realisation de diverses analyses statistiques sur la composition et la diversite. Le taxocenosis crus taces decapodes montre des valeurs elevees de l'abondance, la richesse et la diversite dans les endroits identifi es comme des fonds detritiques cotiers aspect typique. Enfi n, certains groupes d'es peces pourraient etre utilisees pour caracteriser les debris de fonds typiques biocenose cotieres, telles que: Paguristes eremita, Ebalia edwardsi, E. deshayesi, Eurynome aspera, Galathea intermedia, Parthenope massena et Anapagurus hyndmani; biocenose des boueuse detritiques cotiers: Ebalia tuberosa, Atelecyclus rotundatus, Ethusa mascarone, Liocarcinus zariquieyi; et biocenose sable vaseux: Upogebia deltaura, Goneplax rhomboides.

Freshwater Copepoda (Crustacea) from the Chihuahuan Desert with Comments on Biogeography

The zooplankton fauna of freshwater systems of the Chihuahuan Desert was surveyed 2005-2008. Samples were obtained from habitats including natural lakes, ephemeral waters, springs, and reservoirs. Copepods were sorted and identified to species. Including previous surveys, a total of 38 species occur in the Chihuahuan Desert, the checklist includes 6 calanoids (1 Temoridae, 5 Diaptomidae), 24 cyclopoids (12 Eucyclopinae, 12 Cyclopinae), and 8 harpacticoids. These species were assigned to different biogeographic categories (i.e., cosmopolitan, Nearctic, Neotropical, potential endemics). Results indicated that the Chihuahuan Desert, a transitional biogeographic region in Mexico with both Nearctic and Neotropical influences, represents an interesting geographic and environmental realm characterized by a balanced mixture of elements from different origins and affinities. There is a relatively high proportion (23%) of species that probably are endemic. RESUMEN—La fauna de zooplancton de los sistemas de aguas dulces del desierto de Chihuahua fue muestreada en 2005-2008. Las muestras se obtuvieron de habitats que incluyeron lagos naturales, charcas temporales, manantiales y represas. Se separaron los copepodos y se identificaron a nivel de especie. Incluyendo muestreos previos, un total de 38 especies ocurre en el desierto de Chihuahua, la lista incluye 6 calanoides (1 Temoridae, 5 Diaptomidae), 24 ciclopoides (12 Eucyclopinae, 12 Cyclopinae) y 8 harpacticoides. Estas especies fueron asignadas a diferentes categoro ´as biogeograficas (por ejemplo, cosmopolita, Neartica, Neotropical, endemica potencial). Los resultados indicaron que el desierto Chihuahuense, una region biogeografica transicional en Mexico, con influencias Nearticas y Neotropicales, representa una interesante entidad geografica y ambiental caracterizada por una mezcla balanceada de elementos de diferentes oro ´genes y afinidades. Hay una proporcion relativamente alta

Influences of sex, total length and weight on content of omega-3 in edible tissue of two crustacean species (Penaeus semisulcatus and Thenus orientalis) from the Persian Gulf.

In current research relationship between Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (% of total fatty acids) in edible tissue (muscle) of Green Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus) and Lobster (Thenus orientalis) collected from Persian Gulf, was investigated with some biological factors (total length, total weight and sex). Results showed that in all two species, EPA and DHA percent was decreased in relation to increase of total length and weight, that was significantly for all relationships in Green Tiger Shrimp and relationship between DHA and total length for Lobster (p<0.03). the result also showed that: There were highly significant differences between the sexes in EPA levels of P.semisulcatus, with males showing higher levels than females (12.38 and 10.56 respectively). Keywords: Penaeus semisulcatus, Thenus orientalis, Eicosapentaenic acid, Docosahexaenoic acid, Biological factors

Crustacean Species of Izmir Bay.

Crustacean Species of Izmir Bay.

Parasitic fauna of spiny eel Mastacembelus mastacembelus from Greater Zab river in Iraq

A total of 128 spiny eels Mastacembelus mastacembelus (Mastacembelidae) were collected from the Greater Zab river at Iski Kalak town, west of Erbil city, Kurdistan region, Iraq, from July 2007 to the end of June 2008. The fish were examined for ecto and endo parasites. The study revealed the existence of 16 species of parasites (with a total prevalence of 89.06%) including: two species of protozoans (Trypanosoma sp. and Trichodina pediculus), one species of monogenetic trematodes (Mastacembelocleidus heteranchorus), six species of digenetic trematodes (Allocreadium transversale, Asymphylodora macracetabulum, Pseudochetosoma salmonicola, Clinostomum complanatum, Diplostomum flexicaudum and D. spathaceum), two species of cestodes (Polyonchobothrium magnum and Ligula intestinalis), two species of nematodes (Agamospirura sp. and Procamallanus viviparus), one species of leech, crustacean and arachnoide (Cystobranchus mammillatus, Argulus foliaceus and Arrenurus sp. respectively). Five species of these parasites (T. pediculus, A. transversale, D. flexicaudum, C. mammillatus and Arrenurus sp.) were recorded for the first time in Iraq. In addition, M. mastacembelus was regarded as a new host for A. macracetabulum, C. complanatum and A. foliaceus.