Crossover Approach Research Articles

Feature Selection for Liver Disease using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

Information Mining is one of the preeminent descriptive parts of automatic order and identification. It embroils information mining calculations and methods to inspect restorative information. Lately, liver protests have lopsidedly increased and liver diseases are complimenting one of the most human afflictions in various nations. Early determination of Liver Disorder is basic for the welfare of human culture. This grievance ought to be considered earnestly by setting up canny frameworks for the early analyze and anticipation of Liver infections. The robotized grouping framework endures with absence of exactness results when contrasted and careful biopsy. We propose another model for liver disorder order for breaking down the patient's restorative information utilizing cross breed counterfeit neural system. The therapeutic records are arranged whether there is a plausibility of presence of sickness or not. This proposed strategy utilizes M-PSO for highlight choice of information factors and M-ANN calculation for sickness order. The exhibited crossover approach improves the precision when contrasted with existing order calculations. This paper concentrates on feature selection on using PSO algorithm.

A newly designed 0.018-in.-compatible inner dilator as a novel option for endovascular therapy with the crossover approach.

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of guiding sheath delivery with the crossover approach using a newly customized inner dilator for a 0.018-in. guidewire of the Destination® guiding sheath (Terumo Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) (18-system), compared with that of the conventional-type 0.035-in. guidewires with inner dilators (35-system), and to predict failure of guiding sheath delivery. We conducted a prospective multicenter case series study of the contralateral crossover approach using Destination®, to determine whether the 18-system could be a rescue system in cases in which the conventional 35-system failed. To evaluate the efficacy of the 18-system, we created an in vitro aortoiliac bifurcation model by using a silicone vessel. We enrolled 172 cases consecutively. The initial crossover approach with the 35-system failed in 37 cases (21.5%), and a second attempt with the 18-system was successful in all failed cases. The bifurcation angles in the 35-system failure cases were significantly steeper than those in the 35-system success cases. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that an aortoiliac bifurcation angle of 68° was the optimal cut-off value for predicting failure of the crossover procedure. Data from the analysis using the silicone vessel model suggested that the 18-system provided superior results, especially in aortoiliac bifurcation angles steeper than 60°, consistent with the in vivo findings. The results of the initial use of the 18-system with the crossover approach suggest that it may be superior to the conventional 35-system, especially in cases of steeper aortoiliac bifurcation angles.

The usefulness of a bilateral trans-cervical pneumomediastinal approach for mediastinoscopic radical esophagectomy: a right transcervical approach is an available option.

We investigated the merits and demerits of right cervical open surgery with right trans-cervical pneumomediastinal approach in mediastinoscopic esophagectomy. Ten thoracic esophageal cancer patients were treated using this approach. Under pneumomediastinum via a right neck incision, the right cervical and upper mediastinal paraesophageal lymph nodes were dissected. The left recurrent nerve lymph nodes were dissected using a left trans-cervical pneumomediastinal approach. The subaortic arch to the left tracheobronchial lymph nodes was dissected with a combined right and left trans-cervical crossover approach. The average number of dissected lymph nodes among the right cervical and upper mediastinal paraesophageal lymph nodes identified with a right cervical open/right trans-cervical mediastinoscopic/right thoracoscopic approach was 3.2/4.0/0.6, respectively. The average number of dissected lymph nodes among the subaortic arch to the left tracheobronchial lymph nodes with a right trans-cervical mediastinoscopic/right thoracoscopic approach was 1.5/0.6, respectively. These findings indicate that, without using the right trans-cervical pneumomediastinal approach, it might be impossible to successfully remove some of the right cervical and upper mediastinal paraesophageal lymph nodes and the subaortic arch to the left tracheobronchial lymph nodes lymph nodes. Regarding surgical complications, one case of bilateral recurrent nerve palsy as well as two cases on the right and two cases on the left were noted. Although the rate of recurrent nerve palsy should still be reduced, a bilateral (especially right-sided) trans-cervical pneumomediastinal approach is an available option for achieving sufficient upper mediastinal lymph node dissection and esophagectomy.

Endoscopic and Microscopic Segmental Decompression via Translaminar Crossover Spinal Approach in Elderly Patients

For effective minimally invasive lumbar decompression, we changed the routine of segmental decompression. Using a high-speed drill or an ultrasound knife, we created a working channel, starting at the base of the spinous process of the upper vertebra slightly above the disc level, to target and decompress the contralateral recess, and termed it the translaminar crossover decompression (TCD). We evaluated the feasibility and compared the outcomes of a navigation-guided endoscopic translaminar crossover approach for segmental decompression (eTCD) in elderly patients with microscopic decompression using the same approach (mTCD). A total of 740 elderly patients were enrolled in a prospective cohort study. Of the 740 patients, 297, who had undergone mTCD, and 253, who had undergone eTCD, completed a 1-year follow-up visit. In addition to the surgical data, numerical rating scales (NRSs) for back and leg pain, the Core Outcome Measures Index and Oswestry Disability Index were recorded preoperatively and 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. The MacNab criteria were supplemented by qualitative assessment of the patients' postoperative pain-free walking distance. A comparison of the preoperative and postoperative clinical scores showed significant improvement after TCD in both cohorts (P < 0.01): Oswestry Disability Index, from 50.3% ± 12.6% to 15.5% ± 7.43%; NRS (back), from 6.9 ± 1.9 to 2.5 ± 1.3; NRS (leg), from 8.0 ± 0.85 to 1.6 ± 0.33; Core Outcome Measures Index (back), from 7.8 ± 2.0 to 2.7 ± 1.5. No statistically significant differences were found in the outcomes between the 2 cohorts. TCD inherently eliminated central stenosis and facilitated decompression of both recesses via mutual undercutting, with preservation of facet joint integrity.

Optimal Pair DNA Sequence Alignment based on Matching Regions and Multi-Zone Genetic Algorithm

DNA sequence alignment is an important and challenging task in Bioinformatics, which is used for finding the optimal arrangement between two sequences. In this paper, two methods are proposed in two stages to solve the pairwise sequence alignment problem. The first method is Matching Regions(MR) concerns on splitting the DNA into regions with adaptive interleaving windows to isolate the DNA tape into matched and non-matched regions. Additionally, a Multi-Zone Genetic Algorithm (MZGA) is proposed as an improved method in the second stage. It consists of segmenting a large non-matched region into smaller search space. Then, the MZGA is implemented in parallel to save time. Genetic Algorithm can be applied as an optimization toolto produce multiple solutions. Furthermore, the improvement focuses on the enhancement of Simple GA operators. In the selection, the population is divided into three Zones according to the fitness score. A new crossover approach is proposed depending on cut-points and location of gaps. The proposed method guarantees that the value of fitness tends to improvement or convergence in each successive generation. Thus, the offspring of populations will have better fitness value. The system has been applied to the real-world dataset of DNA with variable lengths which are ranged from 66 bases up to 26037 bases. As a result, the proposed technique satisfied the best alignment score of the DNA sequences. Finally, it is worth mentioning that the proposed system proved to be generalizable.

Carbohydrate Intake Does Not Counter the Post-Exercise Decrease in Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity.

In a study using a randomized crossover approach, cyclists (n = 20, overnight fasted) engaged in three 75 km time trials while ingesting water (WAT) or carbohydrate (0.2 g/kg every 15 min) from bananas (BAN) or a 6% sugar beverage (SUG). Blood samples were collected pre-exercise and 0 h, 1.5 h, and 21 h post-exercise and analyzed for natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity activity (NKCA) using pure NK cell populations. The two carbohydrate trials (BAN, SUG) compared to WAT were associated with higher post-exercise glucose and lower cortisol, total blood leukocyte, neutrophil, and NK cell counts (interaction effects, p < 0.001). The immediate post-exercise increase in NK cell counts was higher in WAT (78%) compared to BAN (32%) and SUG (15%) trials (p ≤ 0.017). The 1.5 h post-exercise decrease in NK cell counts did not differ after WAT (−46%), BAN (−46%), and SUG (−51%) trials. The pattern of change in post-exercise NKCA differed between trials (p < 0.001). The 1.5 h post-exercise decreases in NKCA were 23%, 29%, and 33% in the WAT, BAN, and SUG trials, respectively, but trial contrasts did not differ significantly. Carbohydrate ingestion from BAN or SUG attenuated immediate post-exercise increases in leukocyte, neutrophil, and NK cell counts, but did not counter the 1.5 h decreases in NK cell counts and NKCA.

Identification of two genes required for heptadecane production in a N2-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120

Cyanobacteria photosynthetically produce long-chain hydrocarbons, which are considered as infrastructure-compatible biofuels. However, native cyanobacteria do not produce these hydrocarbons at sufficient rates or yields to warrant commercial deployment. This research sought to identify specific genes required for photosynthetic production of alkanes to enable future metabolic engineering for commercially viable production of alkanes. The two putative genes (alr5283 and alr5284) required for long-chain hydrocarbon production in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 were knocked out through a double crossover approach. The knockout mutant abolished the production of heptadecane (C17H36). The mutant is able to be complemented by a plasmid bearing the two genes along with their native promoters only. The complemented mutant restored photosynthetic production of heptadecane. This combined genetic and metabolite (alkanes) profiling approach may be broadly applicable to characterization of knockout mutants, using N2-fixing cyanobacteria as a cellular factory driven by solar energy to produce a wide range of commodity chemicals and drop-in-fuels from atmospheric gases (CO2 and N2 gas) and mineralized water.

Variable heavy-variable light domain and Fab-arm CrossMabs with charged residue exchanges to enforce correct light chain assembly.

Technologies for the production of bispecific antibodies need to overcome two major challenges. The first one is correct heavy chain assembly, which was solved by knobs-into-holes technology or charge interactions in the CH3 domains. The second challenge is correct light chain assembly. This can be solved by engineering the Fab-arm interfaces or applying the immunoglobulin domain crossover approach. There are three different crossovers possible, namely Fab-arm, constant domain and variable domain crossovers. The CrossMabCH1–CL exchange does not lead to the formation of unexpected side products, whereas the CrossMabFab and the CrossMabVH–VL formats result in the formation of typical side products. Thus, CrossMabCH1–CL was initially favored for therapeutic antibody development. Here, we report a novel improved CrossMab design principle making use of site-specific positional exchanges of charged amino acid pairs in the constant domain of these CrossMabs to enable the correct light chain assembly in the CrossMabVH–VL and improvements for the CrossMabFab design.

Effects of Electrolyte Beverage on Preventing Dehydration among Workers in Different Environmental Temperature

Background and ObjectivesWater and electrolyte balance is important to maintain cognitive and physical performance, especially in hot environment. This study aims to evaluate the effects of two different type of fluid intake at the workplace in preventing dehydration among male workers working in a hot and conveniently cool environment.Methods and Study DesignThis randomized double-blinded placebo controlled trial study was performed in two appointed factories in West-Java in January-February 2012. Seventy-eight healthy male subjects, age 25-45 years were selected and they were grouped based on their working environmental temperature, i.e. hot and conveniently cool environment. The subjects were randomly allocated in two intervention phases by using crossover approach, to have non-electrolyte beverage (plain water) and electrolyte drink in the workplace for 2 days, respectively. Hydration and electrolyte biomarkers were collected from blood and urine samples at before and after the intervention.Results and Conclusions:At baseline, subjects of the hot environment workplace had higher daily working hours, hemoglobin, hematocrit, blood viscosity, and blood sodium concentration as compared to those of conveniently cool environment (P&lt;0.05). After the intervention, for the subjects in hot environment alone, there were significantly lower value of blood viscosity, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, but significantly higher value for blood sodium, USG (urine specific gravity), pH, urinary sodium, urinary potassium and urinary chloride (P&lt;0.05), among subjects having the electrolyte drink as compared to the plain water. In conclusion, this study confirmed that consumption of electrolyte beverage during working in hot environment temperature could help improve hydration status and electrolyte concentration.

Thermal behaviour of a building in its environment: Modelling, experimentation, and comparison

A building influences its surrounding external environment, and its indoor environment is usually sensitive to its surroundings. In order to obtain a more accurate prediction of the indoor thermal behaviour of a building or a building stock, it is necessary to consider the interactions between the indoor and outdoor thermal environments.The modelling approach presented in this paper is based on a building energy model and the urban modelling tool SOLENE-Microclimat. A sensitivity analysis is undertaken to highlight the parameters which influence the performance of the building model. Then, the thermal indoor behaviour of a building is compared to in situ experimental measurements and the outdoor thermal environment is evaluated in terms of external surface temperatures. The model's accuracy and behaviour is evaluated and a crossover approach with the sensitivity analysis results is proposed. The model obtains a good level of performance for almost all variables, unless some external surface temperatures intervals.

Impact of Hippotherapy on Gross Motor Function and Quality of Life in Children with Bilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Open-Label Crossover Study.

This study investigated the effect of hippotherapy on gross motor function (Gross Motor Function Measure [GMFM]-66, GMFM dimension E and D) and quality of life (Child Health Questionnaire [CHQ 28], KIDSCREEN-27 parental versions) in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy. Seventy-three children (age: 9.1 ± 3.3 years; male = 44; GMFCS levels II = 27; III = 17; IV = 29) were randomized to an early (n = 35) or late (n = 38) treatment group. Data from 66 probands were available for further analysis. Probands received hippotherapy once to twice weekly during a period of 16 to 20 weeks (mean: 17 treatments) in a crossover approach. Whereas no significant changes were found for total GMFM scores and quality of life parameters, a significant increase in GMFM dimension E was found. Children terminating the study early showed lower mean psychosocial quality of life scores than children who completed the whole study (CHQ-28 "psychosocial dimension"; KIDSCREEN-27 "mood and emotional dimension"). Our data are in line with previous reports and suggest that hippotherapy shows distinct therapeutic strengths with regard to promoting upright stand and gait in children with cerebral palsy. Children with higher psychosocial burden of disease may need special support to get access to and benefit from intensified physiotherapy programs.

High‐performance full adder architecture in quantum‐dot cellular automata

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a new and promising computation paradigm, which can be a viable replacement for the complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor technology at nano-scale level. This technology provides a possible solution for improving the computation in various computational applications. Two QCA full adder architectures are presented and evaluated: a new and efficient 1-bit QCA full adder architecture and a 4-bit QCA ripple carry adder (RCA) architecture. The proposed architectures are simulated using QCADesigner tool version 2.0.1. These architectures are implemented with the coplanar crossover approach. The simulation results show that the proposed 1-bit QCA full adder and 4-bit QCA RCA architectures utilise 33 and 175 QCA cells, respectively. Our simulation results show that the proposed architectures outperform most results so far in the literature.

A novel multiplexer-based structure for random access memory cell in quantum-dot cellular automata

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a new technology in scale of nano and perfect replacement for CMOS circuits in the future. Memory is one of the basic components in any digital system, so designing the random access memory (RAM) with high speed and optimal in QCA is important. In this paper, by employing the structure of multiplexer, a novel RAM cell architecture is proposed. The proposed architecture is implemented without the coplanar crossover approach. The proposed architecture is simulated using the QCADesigner version 2.0.3 and QCAPro. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed QCA RAM architecture has the best performance in terms of delay, circuit complexity, area, cell count and energy consumption in comparison with other QCA RAM architectures.

Prediction of thermodynamic behavior of binary mixtures by applying the crossover approach to Soave–Redlich–Kwong equation of state

Thermodynamic analysis of binary mixtures near the critical region is essential for many chemical process designs. In this research, based on isomorphism principle and incorporating general crossover approach the original Soave–Redlich–Kwong (SRK) equation of state (EOS) was developed for the binary mixtures. We have introduced an additional term in the crossover function in order to take into account the difference between the classical critical parameters and the real critical parameters. The applicability of this crossover EOS was verified against methane–ethane mixture to describe their thermodynamic properties over a wide range of thermodynamic states, because of their wide applications. It is shown that based on this approach we can received too much more accuracy for predicting thermodynamic properties in comparison with classical form of SRK EOS.

Negative wealth shock and short-term changes in depressive symptoms and medication adherence among late middle-aged adults

BackgroundExperiencing a negative wealth shock in late middle age may cause high levels of stress and induce reductions in health-related consumption.MethodsWe used data on late middle age individuals (51–64 years)...

Air pollution and the incidence of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke in the South London Stroke Register: a case–cross-over analysis

BackgroundFew European studies investigating associations between short-term exposure to air pollution and incident stroke have considered stroke subtypes. Using information from the South London Stroke Register for 2005–2012, we investigated...

TCTAP C-250 Usefulness of Rapid Exchange Guiding Extension Catheter (GuideLiner PV) Difficulty in Crossover Approach

TCTAP C-250 Usefulness of Rapid Exchange Guiding Extension Catheter (GuideLiner PV) Difficulty in Crossover Approach

Influence of Carbohydrate Ingestion from Bananas or Sugar Beverage on Natural Killer Cells During Recovery from 75‐km Cycling

Natural killer cells are part of the first line of defense against infection. They are also the most responsive of all immune cell types to acute exercise bouts, and their depletion from the bloodstream and potential cytotoxic capabilities loss during the recovery phase open a window for opportunistic infections to develop. Carbohydrate intake has multiple effects for the exercising athlete, including enhanced glucose availability to the working muscle, resulting in reduced post‐exercise cortisol and epinephrine levels, decreased leukocytosis and phagocytosis, and lower inflammatory cytokines. The effect of carbohydrate intake on post‐exercise NK bioactivity has never been directly assessed, and the purpose of this study was to compare ingestion of Cavendish bananas with an equicaloric, sugar‐only beverage or water alone on NK cell release and cytotoxic activity during recovery from an intensive 75‐km cycling bout. Participants included 16 male and female cyclists (age 39.9±2.4 years) who regularly competed in road races and were capable of cycling 75‐km at race pace. This study utilized a randomized crossover approach, and participants engaged in three 75‐km cycling time trials while ingesting water only, bananas and water, and a 6% sugar beverage in an overnight fasted state, with data analyzed using a repeated measures two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), or paired two‐tailed student t‐test. Before the exercise bout, participants ingested 5 ml/kg water alone, 6% sugar beverage, Cavendish (with water) adjusted to quantities providing 0.4 g carbohydrate per kilogram of body weight (g carb/kg). During the cycling bout, water was ingested at a rate of 3 ml/kg every 15 minutes, with carbohydrate intake from the 6% sugar beverage and banana adjusted to 0.2 g carb/kg every 15 minutes. Blood samples were collected pre‐ and post‐exercise, and then at 1.5 h and 21 h post‐exercise. Isolation and count of NK cells from whole blood was done using a Magnetic Assisted Cell Sorting technology (Miltenyi, Germany) using a CD56 positive selection. NK cell cytotoxicity was assessed using an Amnis Imagestream flow cytometer (Millipore, MA). NK cell count profile was significantly different in the water group compared to all the other groups (group interaction p=0.0051 by ANOVA), with post‐exercise NK cell counts about 71% higher in the water‐treated group vs all other groups (p&lt;0.05 by Student t‐test). NK cell cytotoxicity was significantly decreased about 70% 1.5 h post‐exercise for all treatments, with no trial differences (time effect, p=0.0057 by ANOVA). In conclusion, these data indicate that carbohydrate ingestion from bananas with water or a 6% sugar beverage compared to water alone attenuates the sharp post‐exercise release of NK cells in the blood compartment, but has little effect on countering the post‐exercise decrement in NK cell cytotoxic potential.Support or Funding InformationSupport provided by Dole Foods, Inc., Westlake Village, CA

TCTAP A-125 A Newly Designed Guiding Sheath Provides a Novel Option for a Crossover Approach in Endovascular Therapy

TCTAP A-125 A Newly Designed Guiding Sheath Provides a Novel Option for a Crossover Approach in Endovascular Therapy

Influence of Carbohydrate Ingestion from Bananas or Sugar Beverage on 9‐ and 13‐Hydroxy‐octadecadienoic acids (9 + 13 HODE) During Recovery from 75‐km Cycling

Linoleic acid, an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), is the direct precursor to oxidized linoleic acid metabolites (OXLAMs) including 9‐ and 13‐hydroxy‐octadecadienoic acid (9 + 13 HODE). 9 + 13 HODE are stable and abundant oxidation products in plasma, play a role in the regulation of inflammatory processes, and are elevated during recovery from intensive and long‐duration exercise. Carbohydrate intake has multiple benefits for the exercising athlete, including enhanced glucose availability to the working muscle, resulting in reduced post‐exercise cortisol and epinephrine levels, decreased leukocytosis and phagocytosis, and lower inflammatory cytokines. The effect of carbohydrate intake on post‐exercise HODEs is unknown, and the purpose of this study was to compare ingestion of Cavendish bananas with an equicaloric, sugar‐only beverage or water alone on plasma 9 + 13 HODE levels during recovery from an intensive 75‐km cycling bout (183.9±5.8 min across all trials). Participants included 16 male and female cyclists (age 39.9±2.4 years) who regularly competed in road races and were capable of cycling 75‐km at race pace. This study utilized a randomized crossover approach, and participants engaged in three 75‐km cycling time trials while ingesting water only, bananas and water, and a 6% sugar beverage in an overnight fasted state, with data analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), within subjects approach. Before the exercise bout, participants ingested 5 ml/kg water alone, or the 6% sugar beverage or Cavendish banana (with water) adjusted to quantities providing 0.4 g carbohydrate per kilogram of body weight (g carb/kg). During the cycling bout, water was ingested at a rate of 3 ml/kg every 15 minutes, with carbohydrate intake from the 6% sugar beverage and banana adjusted to 0.2 g carb/kg every 15 minutes. Blood samples were collected pre‐ and post‐exercise, and then at 1.5 h and 21 h post‐exercise. Detection of plasma 9 + 13 HODE was conducted on an UPLC system coupled with Quattro Premier XE MS (Waters, Milford, MA) operated in electrospray ionization (ESI) negative mode. The overall pattern of change in 9 + 13 HODE was significantly different between treatment trials (interaction p‐value &lt;0.05), with 94%, 63%, and 72% increases immediately post‐exercise, and 22%, 4.2%, and 6.8% increases 1.5 h post‐exercise in the water alone, banana, and sugar beverage trials, respectively. Plasma 9 + 13 HODE was back to pre‐exercise levels in all trials by the next morning (21 h post‐exercise). In conclusion, these data indicate that carbohydrate ingestion from bananas with water or a 6% sugar beverage compared to water alone attenuates the post‐exercise increase in plasma 9 + 13 HODE following 75‐km of intensive cycling in overnight fasted athletes.Support or Funding InformationSupport provided by Dole Foods, Inc., Westlake Village, CA