Cross-border Level Research Articles

Особенности репрезентации понятийного поля «Глобализация» в англоязычной политической риторике 2000-х годов

The article examines a problem of the conceptual framework for Globalization in English-language public political discourse in the early 2000s. This framework correlates with different phases of Globalization as a political and economic project. The study identifes strategies for representing the conceptual framework in public political discourse based on typical Anglo-American rhetorical style and it takes into account current geopolitical situation and psychology of the target audience for American politicians at the beginning of the 21st century. It is worth mentioning that globalization, grounded by the theory of neoliberal economic development, was the process where economic interests of Anglo-Saxon elite intersected with political ones, claiming to build a new model of the world order. In the context of rapid and growing changes in public consciousness and the political situation, certain strategies were developed to influence public opinion all around the world and make people believe that Globalization is a purposeful process that brings clear and confdent leadership against the background of general instability and chaotic changes. The purpose of the study is to identify the specifc features of the conceptual framework for Globalization in the lexical system of the English language that resulted from a new type of social construct having been developed, followed by modifcation in discursive practice of political communication. Thus the paper goes into the mechanisms of how social experience changes being informationally assimilated through linguistic signs, as well as the way the information received through cognitive activity communication is modifed. Conclusions are drawn regarding the world picture being reflected in Anglo-Saxon political communication. In particular, it is noted that typical Anglo-Saxon political discourse in the early 2000s was replenished with new concepts of global studies, processed in accordance with the desire of the elite to lead at the cross-border level, to remove class conflicts from view, and to turn the world development towards the interests of invisible capital travelling without barriers.

The agency-structure complex in international research collaboration: evidence from a Chinese elite university

ABSTRACT International research collaboration is a way to facilitate original knowledge production, share research equipment, promote learning together and talent pooling at a cross-border level. However, it takes place in a hierarchical and unequal global research space. Conditioned by various structural factors, researchers actively exercise their agency to pursue their own objectives through international research collaboration. While researchers’ agency is widely acknowledged in the literature, it remains unclear how the agency-structure plays out in international research collaboration. This study addresses this research gap through a case study of a Chinese elite university. It collected data from the university’s researchers and administers, and national policymakers through in-depth interviews and policy document analyses. The results reveal two types of agency exercised by researchers in international research collaboration – agency as reflexive response to structural factors and agency as reflexivity in seeking international collaborators and collaboration – and influential structural factors that condition researcher’s exercise of agency. The study theoretically contributes to the understanding of the agency-structure complex in international research collaboration and has practical implications for research policymakers, universities, and researchers.

Международное нормотворчество как детерминанта совершенствования правового регулирования государственных закупок для нужд системы МВД России

Introduction. International lawmaking is a source of a legal regulation of public procurement.
 Nevertheless, a defining of the system and the specifics of international agreements is required, regulating public procurement in the system of Russian legislative sources in this area, as well as the role of various international collaborations in determining the key aspects of the improvement of legislation on procurement for public needs (including the needs of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs system).
 Methods. Content analysis, descriptive and systemic methods of data analysis were used as research methods.
 Results. The characterization of international lawmaking and international organizations’ initiatives in the field of public procurement provides the following main conclusions.
 1. General provisions on procurement are contained in the universal and regional model (CIN), standard (UNCITRAL) and plurilateral (WTO) agreements, i.e. in the indicative and advisory instruments.
 The scientific discussion on the international regulation of public procurement is that the specifics of such relations do not provide for the creation of rigid norms at the cross-border level, as they affect national public order. At the same time, these acts reflect modern trends, for instance, the digitalization of state (municipal) procurement, etc. This fact proves that international lawmaking is an obvious determinant of improving the legal regulation of public procurement, including the needs of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs system.
 2. The private aspects of the public procurement process are fragmentarily regularized by special international agreements.
 3. There are also no separate international organizations in the field of public procurement, at the same time, all cross-border trade and economic organizations do not ignore the issues of ensuring public needs and form the norms of the «soft» law. Thus, international lawmaking determines the directions of improving the legal regulation of public procurement for the needs of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs system in the same way as any other public procurement, but with consideration of the specifics of ensuring the powers of the public body in question.

Pillar One and Mobility – A Truly Global Solution?

Mobility should be at the core of the reallocation of taxing rights debate. With such a premise in mind, this contribution addresses this issue within Pillar One in its two components: the apportionment of taxing rights to market jurisdictions on residual profits of the most significant MNEs worldwide (Amount A) and the standardization of the remuneration of related party distributors that perform baseline marketing and distribution activities in market jurisdictions (Amount B). The aim is to show that not only the mobility of individuals but also that of MNE structures when deciding on their presence in market jurisdictions are relevant in building new paradigms on the allocation of taxing rights at a cross-border level through the specific impact of the said OECD proposal. Even if Pillar One seems doomed to fail, lessons learned from its design and its specific impact on mobility matters should inform further developments in reshaping international taxation. OECD, Pillar One, MNEs, digital economy, transfer pricing, mobility, developing countries, market jurisdictions.

Toxic Release Damage Distance Assessment Based on the Short-Cut Method: A Case Study for the Transport of Chlorine and Hydrochloric Acid in Densely Urbanized Areas in the Mediterranean Region.

The transportation of dangerous goods by road is the most accident-prone mode of transportation, even if accidents involving road transportation of dangerous goods are considered as a Low Probability and High Consequence event (LPHC event). However, several dangerous goods are transported by road networks, such as petroleum products and chemicals, which can generate major dangerous consequences such as spills, explosions, fires, or toxic clouds. In this context, this article presents a method to calculate and quickly quantify the sizes of impact zones characterized by high lethality and irreversible injuries to people in the case of a hazardous materials transport accident. This method is used as a module for the analysis of the consequences of different potential accident scenarios, for the Web-GIS platform proposed by LOSE+LAB, that implements appropriate ICT tools and systems for monitoring the flow of goods that would enable a continuous monitoring system at the cross-border level and transmit data and information to the territory actors involved in the management of dangerous goods according to the ADR standard. The proposed method provides the user with a visualization of the possible outcomes of an event by reproducing the impact area for different accident scenarios, which can provide quick maps of the hazard and represents a decision support system for territorial governance in terms of intervention and response protocols for emergency management in the cases of dangerous goods accidents.

Cross-Border Territorial Development through Geographical Indications: Gargano (Italy) and Dibër (Albania)

In a globalized context, characterized by dominant trends towards the homogenization of food products and taste, local and niche productions play a vital role in creating effective strategies of territorial development. Albanian food heritage is definitely one of the most various of the Western Balkans. The Ottoman domination and the Mediterranean position just in front of Italy led to an incredible mix of cultures and traditions. As Albania is a candidate to join the European Union, it has a stronger opportunity of protecting its excellent-quality food products with PDO and PGI marks. Moreover, Albania’s territory shares fundamental features with Gargano lakes, especially with relation to the county of Dibër, where Ulez and Shkopet lakes are located. Both the areas’ traditional food products are and can be an important factor of sustainable and participatory development, and the present contribution aims at exploring possible paths of territorial development at a cross-border level, in the framework of a sort of “dialogue” between the two regions through Geographical Indications (GIs).

Services in the European Single Market and in World Trade: Country Implementation Barriers

The Services sector has been the backbone of the global economy and the most dynamic player in international trade. Trade in Services helps to develop countries' economies, increases competition, and promotes the personal skills of employees. The European Single Market is a cornerstone of the European Union, being the single space within which economic growth factors move freely and unhindered. The scope of this paper is to connect these social and economic factors and to show on the one hand the expected benefits from a single market and on the other the chaotic difficulties emerging from its implementation in many member countries. The Covid-19 pandemic highlighted weaknesses in the functioning of the European Single Market. It is worth mentioning the fact that the Services Directive is the most important step towards achieving a Single Market as it ensures that both service providers and recipients of services can more easily benefit from fundamental freedoms of the European Union, such as freedom of establishment and freedom to provide services to cross-border level.

North Korean trade network adaptation strategies under sanctions: Implications for denuclearization

North Korean trade networks have adapted to international sanctions through a variety of strategies to solve the problem of operating in a hostile environment at both the global level, and at the local level. At the global level, they have engaged in obfuscation of the nature of trade and actors, use of state prerogatives and resource, and arbitraging the countries in which they operate. At the local cross-border level, North Korean trade networks maintain relationships with brokers that obfuscate their true nature, and engage in smuggling across the Chinese border by land, river, and sea. How North Korean trade networks have adapted to sanctions has implications for denuclearization. First, the sanctions-evading strategies used by North Korea in many respects originated in the changes wrought in the North Korean economy since the 1990s, and as such, they are likely to continue even if sanctions are loosened. Second, while North Korean trade networks have adapted to sanctions, this is not necessarily their optimal scenario for economic development, which has implications for Kim Jong-un's denuclearization strategy. Finally, the trade networks themselves can continue to be used as part of a hedging strategy by North Korea even if denuclearization is continuing apace, but this strategy requires the cooperation of non-North Korean businesses.

Personality Types as Predictors of (HACCP) Process Management Success (Analytical Study of a Sample of food Production Companies in Riyadh)

The current study deals with one of the most prominent topics that have received a broad attention by academics and practitioners of management in the contemporary time, especially when the criterion for the success of management has become reliance on the types and personal characteristics of employees and workers in various institutions and companies. The study of personality types is considered one of the most discussed topics in various scientific fields, as it has received great interest in many vital groups in various sectors of society. The results of some scientific research and studies across different languages, cultures and civilizations have indicated a great role for personality traits and types in the individual's success in job performance, feeling of quality of life and enjoyment of mental health. The scientific interest in studying personality has appeared since researchers began to measure personality in the fields of psychology, mental health and sociology. This concept has also recently developed in the field of Food production operations management in addition to its study in the field of management, and every field that deals with personality from its own approach and from its scientific perspective. This interest in personality is explained as the most important elements of success in achieving development and progress in societies are due to the role of the individual in the rising of society. We also note that the information revolution through the electronic information network had a major role in improving the field of psychometric measurement at the global Cross-border level through the electronic information network. Many psychological measures were applied to countless numbers and were developed in the study of personality.The aim of the current research is to identify personality types as predictors of the of the (HACCP) process management success in a sample of employees in three food production companies in the Riyadh region. The study sample consisted of (100) individuals with different academic qualifications, age and years of experience. The study is employed the descriptive, analytical and correlative approach. The results of the study resulted in a positive correlation of personality types (a), (b), (c), and successful (HACCP) process management success through personality types as follows, type (a), followed by type (c), and finally, type (b) as well. The study concluded with some recommendations and suggestions.

Tax sparing clauses as a policy instrument of developing countries: evidence from the Latin-American tax treaty network

Developing countries frequently grant corporate income tax incentives in order to attract foreign direct investment. To secure the effectiveness of these measures at a cross-border level, tax sparing clauses secure a notional credit at residence, meaning a discount on the taxes due even if no or lower taxes were paid at source. These clauses prevent the home country of the investor from taxing that income, allowing the investor to retain the tax spared by the host country. This contribution examines the rationale of tax sparing and conducts an examination of the issue from the perspective of the Latin-American tax treaty network – comprising more than 250 treaties – to draw relevant conclusions from the analysis of the specific clauses included in these agreements.

New rules or old concepts? The golden jackal (Canis aureus) and its legal status in Central Europe

Conflicts have emerged due to range expansions of the golden jackal (Canis aureus) across Europe, characterized by their international conservation status and perceived impacts on livestock and native prey species. Most countries in Central Europe do not yet include the golden jackal in their national list of occurring, native species. Nevertheless, legal obligations arise as soon as golden jackals colonize a particular country. Legal implications of this range expansion were described in past studies from an international perspective. However, they left out specifics on the legal status within any particular country. Therefore, we examine the actual legal status within Central European countries, exemplifying the diverse federal and provincial laws. In particular, we assess the current conservation and hunting laws in Austria’s provinces and discuss them in the context of neighbouring countries to analyse implications for relevant authorities. We found substantial contrasts not only among provinces but also between direct neighbouring countries, impeding efforts for transboundary species conservation and leading to complications regarding the management of this species. Improved procedures for collecting records and hunting-bag data appear necessary for future species assessment on a European level and management on a local level. We recommend a more unified legal system but adjusted to actual golden jackal presence on the regional and cross-border level, combined assessment, or similar management strategies to minimize conflicts, reduce persecution, and clarify legal obligations.

Legal regulation of the transmission of health-related data: Balance of public interests and individual rights in the context of cross-border health care

The article provides a comparative analysis of the regulatory and legal regulation for the processing of a special category of personal health data in the European Union and in the Russian Federation in regard to the digitalization of national health systems. Special attention is paid to the legal framework for the transmission of health information at the cross-border level. It is established that within the framework of European and Russian legislation at this stage, in the context of the formation of digital medicine, there is a comparability in the definition of legal mechanisms for the protection of medical data. It is also noted that in the issue of the transfer of personal health data to third countries, both the Russian Federation and the European Union choose the path of strict restrictive regulation and the introduction of a closed list of grounds for overcoming the ban on cross-border transfer. The reasons for this approach to issues of supranational interaction in healthcare are analyzed, as well as the potential risks of inertia of national legislators in this issue. Based on the analysis, the authors propose a number of amendments and additions to the national legislation on personal data, aimed at simplifying the interaction between jurisdictions on the transfer of confidential medical information. The authors suggest an international agreement on the exchange of medical data in digital format, which potentially should include not only the Russian Federation and the EU states, but also other countries, including Eurasian Economic Union member states, China, and countries of the American continent. The proposed concept is intended to create an opportunity for the formation of a supranational information system in the field of healthcare, which allows for the effective exchange of medical data, taking into account the sovereign interests of the countries participating in the agreement.

A Collaborative Approach on Energy-based Offered Services: Energy 4.0 Ecosystems

The energy market is extended to an open and cross-border level and has increased the competition among the energy supply companies. The energy suppliers focus on the provision of smarter solutions by using the Industry 4.0 digital technologies to industrial customers. These services are linked to energy consumption and could affect the operational costs of the SMEs and suppliers. Therefore, in this paper an energy Industrial Product Service System (IPSS) framework is proposed, towards the creation of a Smart service-based energy ecosystem. The proposed framework has been validated in a real-life case study with a European electricity distributor company.

Odluka suda EU u slučaju Coman - indirektno priznanje istopolnog braka?

In the Coman case, the European Court of Justice was asked whether the term "spouse" - for the purpose of EU law - includes the same-sex spouse of an EU citizen who has moved between EU Member States. The ECJ answered this question affirmatively, holding that a refusal to recognise a same-sex marriage and the resultant refusal to grant family reunification rights to a Union citizen who moves to another Member State, would constitute an unjustified restriction on the right to free movement that Union citiyens enjoy under EU law. This case comment analyses the judgment, arguing that the Court's pronouncement is a very welcome first step towards marriage equality at a cross-border level in the EU. At the same time, the case poses a number of important questions, which will only be answered in case law and practice in the years to come.

The contribution of the reemergence of local identities to the achievement of the European socio-economic cohesion

The present paper attempts to approach the recent phenomenon of the reemergence of the local identities in Europe, applying it, as a case-study, on the European-border Greek-Thracian region in relationship with its Bulgarian neighbors. Globalization provoked fears in local communities for instability, dissolution and loss of identity, urging reactions, targeting to consistency, tranquility and security, traced particularly in the reappearance of local identification procedures. Nevertheless, the new approach, opposite to introversive, often connected to heterophobe behaviors, is actively positive and creative, functioning in the frames set by the EU. The identity-building capacities are now built from the inside, enriched by their interdependent character and visualized through sustainable synergies on a horizontal, cross-border, trans-regional, or trans-national level and a vertical one, functioning on various fields, such as culture, tourism, education, social inclusion, youth and training. The new procedures play a crucial role in the planning and implementation of the European policies, which now embrace communities, since it has been realized that local identities beyond a desirable, constitute an indispensable actor for the overall longevity, so that local diversity potentially contributes substantially to the European economic, social and territorial cohesion and integration.

Cross-Sector Partnerships for Innovation and Growth: Can Creative Industries Support Traditional Sector Innovations?

At the turn of culture and economics, cultural and creative industries (CCIs) stimulate business, technology, and society and drive innovations within individual regions, as well as on a cross-border level. This makes CCIs and thus culture, creativity, and design significant elements of the modern, post-industrial, and knowledge-based economy. The purpose of the paper is to outline the expectations and needs of entrepreneurs in both the creative and traditional sectors for the future cooperation and implementation of cross-sectoral innovations. It is assumed that there are no guidelines on establishing a cross-sectorial process for the efficient transfer of knowledge for innovation between the two sectors, establishing a strong platform of international cooperation for innovations in the region. To obtain information in this area quantitative and qualitative research was done. A series of expert interviews were conducted, and empirical expert observations were made in the form of qualitative surveys and expert assessments. The presented results are based on the summary reports of empirical research activities. The results of the analysis allowed us to determine that the assumption was true and that representatives of both the traditional and creative sectors lack proven models of cooperation and commercialization for joint innovations.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ СИСТЕМЫ "ЭЛЕКТРОННЫЙ РЕЦЕПТ" В РОССИИ. СИСТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР

Development and implementation of the electronic prescription system is one of the priority areas of eHealth which fulfils a number of functions from prescribing medicines to comprehensive analysis of information and support for medical and management decisions. The current Russian legal framework legitimizes a doctor's prescription in the form of an electronic document. However, there is no definition of the following concepts in the legal acts: “Electronic prescription” and “Electronic prescription system”. The subject of the study is information space in the field of electronic prescription. The purpose is to study the Russian and foreign experience in its implementation, problems and prospects for its introduction at the national and cross-border level on the basis of descriptive and analytical methods. Analysis of the situation in the developed countries shows that currently most of the countries have implemented the electronic prescription system which involves physicians, pharmacists, regulatory organizations, insurance companies, and patients. This system ensures rapid interaction between all parties, lower medical errors, monitoring of medicines’ use, information analysis, and enables the patient to see the prescribed and provided medicines. Large-scale European eHealth projects of the last decade have initiated the exchange of digital prescriptions at the cross-border level, when a patient can get medicines from a pharmacy in the country of temporal residence with a prescription issued in the country of permanent resistance. Information support for the processes of prescribing and dispensing medicines in different regions of the Russian Federation is uneven, from its almost complete absence to full-fledged information systems close to the best analogues in the developed countries by functionality. Specific features of implementing the electronic prescription system in Russia are related to the obligatory registration of information related to supply of medicines to benefit recipients, involvement into circulation of medicines of systems and subsystems of various organizations: registration, keeping the state register of medicines, monitoring of medicine movement, monitoring of procurement, prescription and write off in health care facilities, dispensing within the pharmacy network, circulation of medicines and medical devices of the Eurasian Economic Union countries. It is impossible to develop a full-fledged system of electronic prescription in the Russian Federation without consolidated efforts of all parties, legislative consolidation of basic concepts, a unified information space, and standard data management approaches. Keywords: eHealth; electronic prescription (e-prescription); electronic prescription system; system of electronic drug prescription; medical information system; information system of drug provision to benefit recipients; information support for prescription.

The EU Top Court Rules that Married Same-Sex Couples Can Move Freely Between EU Member States as \u201cSpouses\u201d: Case C-673/16, Relu Adrian Coman, Robert Clabourn Hamilton, Asocia\u0163ia Accept v Inspectoratul General pentru Imigr\u0103ri, Ministerul Afacerilor Interne

In the Coman case, the European Court of Justice was asked whether the term “spouse”—for the purposes of EU law—includes the same-sex spouse of an EU citizen who has moved between EU Member States. The ECJ answered this question affirmatively, holding that a refusal to recognise a same-sex marriage and the resultant refusal to grant family reunification rights to a Union citizen who moves to another Member State, would constitute an unjustified restriction on the right to free movement that Union citizens enjoy under EU law. This case comment analyses the judgment, arguing that the Court’s pronouncement is a very welcome first step towards marriage equality at a cross-border level in the EU. At the same time, following the delivery of this ruling, a lot of questions have arisen and gaps in the protection of same-sex couples persist, and these are also analysed in this piece.

Disrupted Flights and Information Duties of Air Carriers: The Interplay Between Regulation (EC) No 261/2004 on Air Passenger Rights and the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive

Regulation (EC) No 261/2004 on passenger rights in cases of denied boarding and of cancellation or delay of flights includes provisions on the air carrier’s duty to inform passengers of their rights. In this regard, the Regulation interacts with Directive 2005/29/EC on Unfair Business-to-Consumer Commercial Practices. Failure of the carrier to provide complete, clear and accurate information to passengers could be an infringement of both legislative instruments, and entail parallel or subsequent administrative enforcement proceedings at both national and crossborder level. This article analyses the carrier’s duty to inform, pursuant to the provisions of these instruments. Special emphasis is laid on certain parameters of administrative enforcement, especially the power to investigate infringements as well as the duplication of proceedings and penalties, taking into account aspects of fundamental human rights.

Aspects of Labor Market in Romania and Bulgaria in the Context of the Impementation of the Strategy Europa 2020. Comparative Study

Abstract During the last years, in Romania and Bulgaria, an acceleration of existent disparities took place compared to the European Union countries as regards the occupational labor structures and an decreased evolution of the active population migration to other EU states. Starting from these considerations, the present paper shows an analysis of general and specific aspects of the labor market in the two neighbouring countries, starting from the general analysis, at national level, continuing with the regional analysis until the local analysis of the labor market, at cross border level. In Romania, in 2016, an employment rate of the population at work age (15-64 years old) was of 61.6%, to an active population of 8,979 thousand persons, of which 8,449 thousand employed persons and 530 thousand were unemployed. In Bulgaria, in 2016 the active population was of 3,264 thousand persons, respectively, 53.3%, of which 3,199.6 thousand employed persons and 64.4 thousand unemployed. The employment rate of the work was of 68.7%.. There are still signs that in the two countries the legislation complies to the realities and needs in practice.