Productivity Of Crop Rotation Research Articles

Productivity of fodder crop rotations and their impact on the fertility of leached chernozem

The paper presents the results of the study on the effect of methods for improving a six-field fodder crop rotation on productivity indicators and the content of macroelements available for plants (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) in a layer of 0-40 cmof leached chernozem in two rotations. Field studies were carried out in 2008–2019 in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. Improvement techniques included introduction of mineral fertilizers, oversowing legumes and oversowing legumes alongside the use of fertilizers. Oversowing legumes in crop rotation fields resulted in the productivity which was not lower than with the application of mineral fertilizer system. When fertilizers were applied, collection of dry matter in the first and second rotation from a unit of crop rotation area increased by 1.6–1.7 times compared to the control, namely 4.20 and6.30 t/ha, respectively, whereas when legumes were sown in each field, the increase was 1.5–1.8 times (3.97–6.59 t/ha). When both these methods were combined, the yield of dry matter in rotations increased by 1.6–1.8 times (4.32–6.98 t/ha). The alternation of crops in the crop rotation alongside improvement methods during the first two rotations contributed to the 1.7 times increase of nitrate nitrogen in the 0–20 cm layer with the use of mineral fertilizers (3.9 mg/kg of soil), and with legume oversowing – 2.5 times (5.7 mg/kg). The positive effect of crop alternation on the reserves of mobile phosphates in the soil in the control crop rotation was identified. The total amount of mobile phosphates in the experiment was 68 mg/kg in the 0–20 cm layer, and 21 mg/kg in the 20–40 cm layer. By the end of the first rotation, their increase reached 108 and 99 mg/kg, by the end of the second – 239 and 214 mg/kg, respectively. By the end of the second rotation, there was a slight increase in exchangeable potassium in the 0–40 cm layer in the control crop rotation, which was more significant in the 20–40 cm layer – from 97 to 103 mg/kg. In 2018, the mineral fertilization system of cereal crop rotation led to a decrease in exchangeable potassium compared to the control from 116 to 104 mg/kg of soil in the 0–20 cm layer, and from 103 to 91 mg/kg in the 20–40 cm layer. The removal of exchangeable potassium with the yield of cultivated crops due to crop rotation improvement methods exceeded its return with plant residues.

Кореляційний аналіз залежності продуктивності сівозміни від фізико-хімічних, агрохімічних показників ясно-сірого лісового поверхнево оглеєного ґрунту за тривалого сільськогосподарського впливу

Кореляційний аналіз залежності продуктивності сівозміни від фізико-хімічних, агрохімічних показників ясно-сірого лісового поверхнево оглеєного ґрунту за тривалого сільськогосподарського впливу

Efficiency of application of multipurpose composition application in grain and grain circulation

Relevance . In recent years, much attention has been paid development of the use of new types of highly effective environmentally friendly organic fertilizers. Methods and results . The results of monitoring the productivity of grain-grass crop rotation in various natural conditions are shown. The research was carried out in 2013-2019 at the agroecological polygon of All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands, within the transect that intersects all the main micro-landscape positions of the course-moraine ridge. In a field where 12 tons of multipurpose compost were once added to the soil for spring wheat, the yield of seven crops of grain-grass crop rotation was determined in various natural conditions of the drained agricultural landscape. Changes in the agro-climatic environment during the research were also taken into account. It was found that the introduction of multipurpose compost and its aftereffect contributes to an increase in the productivity of crop rotation by an average of 0.65 t/ha. Under its influence, crop rotation productivity increased in the central and upper parts of the southern slope, as well as on the top of the moraine hill. The maximum increase from the introduction of multipurpose compost was observed on spring rape and perennial grasses 1 and 3 g. p. In General, the increase in crop productivity was observed only within the southern slope. There is a close correlation between economic indicators and productivity of crop turnover - with the cost of production r = 0.89, with conditional net income r = 0.83, with the availability and level of profitability r = 0.82, and with direct costs slightly weaker than r = 0.71. Using new knowledge about the impact of non-traditional fertilizers in various landscape conditions on the productivity of various crops, it is possible to develop measures for adaptive placement of crops within farms when using

Мониторинг последействия компоста многоцелевого назначения в различных агромикроландшафтных условиях

Abstract. At All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands – a branch of the FRC V. V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute developed and successfully used multi-purpose compost obtained by fermentation of organic raw materials. The purpose of this work was to monitor the aftereffect of KMN, which consists in studying the productivity of seven-year crop rotation in various agrolandscape conditions and determining some biological indicators of soils at the end of rotation. Methodology and research methods. The studies were carried out on the agroecological transect of the All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands testing ground, which intersects all landscape micropositions of the end moraine hill. The transect is divided into two parallel options (test field and control), identical in landscape terms. On the test field, under the laying of a seven-year grain-grass crop rotation, 12 t / ha of multi-purpose compost was added. Subsequent agrotechnological operations on the options were the same. Results. It has been established that over several years the highest productivity of crop rotation crops was obtained at eluvial and eluvial-transit positions of the test field. Further, the dependence of agromicrolandscape – multi-purpose compost – productivity of cultivated crops weakened. After the rotation of the crop rotation was completed, some biological indicators of soils were monitored. It was found that the number of nitrogen-transforming and phosphate-mobilizing microorganisms, as well as the activity of catalase and dehydrogenase enzymes in the test field is generally higher than in the control. Correlation analysis revealed several reliable relationships between the studied parameters on the test field. The main conclusion is that the effective aftereffect of multi-purpose compost is limited to five years of cultivating crops on soils with eluvial processes. Moreover, the application of KMN for seven years contributed to the preservation of soil fertility, ensured the formation of a more stable soil-microbial system, which is confirmed by the revealed correlation dependencies. Scientific novelty. New knowledge was gained about the long-term effect of compost on crop rotation productivity and biological indicators of soil properties at the end of rotation.

Carbon dioxide emission and humus status of Albic Stagnic Luvisol under different fertilization regimes

The increase in the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere, which enhances the greenhouse effect and leads to climate change, is the fundamental scientific problem of nowadays. Modern approaches to fertility management technologies of acid soils based on the principles of resource conservation and environmental safety are presented. They are based on the results of the study of carbon dioxide emission intensity, humus status, and crop rotation productivity in a classic long-term agricultural experiment under the influence of long-term use of various fertilizer systems with the application of ameliorant doses calculated by pH buffering capacity and hydrolytic acidity. The organo-mineral fertilizer system with the addition of 10 t of manure per ha of crop rotation area + N65P68K68, liming with a CaCO3 dose calculated according to pH buffering capacity (2.5 t/ha) contributes most to the optimization of soil processes. At the same time, it ensures the rational use of fertilizers and ameliorants, preservation of fertility, optimizes the processes of humus formation and carbon dioxide release. A high level of productivity of Albic Stagnic Luvisols forms under these conditions – 7.38 t/ha of grain units. Application of 1.0 and 1.5 lime norms calculated according to soil hydrolytic acidity with organic-mineral and mineral fertilizer systems on Albic Stagnic Luvisols in a short four-field crop rotation is not only a high-cost measure. However, it causes significant carbon loss in the form of CO2 due to additional mineralization. It is accompanied by calcium leaching and creates environmental problems in the conditions of the periodic washing-off water regime. Therefore, liming by CaCO3 dose calculated according to acid-base buffering capacity should be carried out before each of the following rotations in order to harmonize the environmental and productive functions of Albic Stagnic Luvisols in the short crop rotation. The obtained research results will be used to improve the methodology for determining carbon dioxide emissions and predicting the effect of various fertilizer and liming systems on its balance in the soil.

Продуктивність короткоротаційних сівозмін на осушуваних ґрунтах зони Полісся

Goal. To implement agroeconomic and environmental assessment of short crop rotations with different proportions of corn and agrochemical provision on drained sod-podzolic soil. Methods. Field, statistical, laboratory. Results. The productivity of short crop rotations depended on their saturation with corn for grain, which grain yield on average over 2016–2019 at the recommended (N60P60K60) and high doses of mineral fertilizers (N90P90K90) on the background of litter manure or by-product precursors was at the level of 6.04–7,66 t/ha. The highest yield of grain units per 1 ha of the sowed area was cropped in 3-fields crop rotation (with 66.6% of corn) — from 3.14 t in the control to 6.05 t — at increased doses of mineral fertilizers (N62P86K90). The productivity of 3- and 4-fields crop rotations with one field of corn (33 and 25%, respectively) were close: from 2,43–2.57 in the control to 4.23–4,52 t of grain points at the increased dose of fertilizer (N62P86K90). Conclusions. Plowing all of the by-products in crop rotations contributed to a deficit-free balance of humus at the level of 20–90 kg/ha. 4- and 3-fields crop rotation with a share of corn 25 and 66% in the variants with fertilizers provides a simple reproduction of humus (20–220 kg). The combination of N42P57K60 and N62P86K90 on the background of by-product in all crop rotations contributed to the formation of extended reproduction of humus (310–630 kg). Deficient nitrogen balance in all the rotations developed only at entering N42P57K60 on the background of 10 t of litter manure per 1 ha of sowed area. The positive balance of phosphorus and potassium is provided by entering mineral fertilizers.

Ecological and economic efficiency of green manure in crop rotation on irrigated lands in the south of Ukraine

One of the ways to solve the problem of preserving soil fertility is the use of special soil protection measures and scientifically proven technologies. The main measures to increase crop productivity, preserve soil fertility and improve ecological state of the environment are the primary tillage and fertilization systems in modern high-intensity farming systems with scientifically proven methods, techniques, and depth of loosening, as well as doses of mineral and organic fertilizers. The article presents the results of experimental studies of changes in the humus reserves in the arable layer of the soil under the influence of longterm use of differentiated systems of primary tillage, in which different methods and depth of the primary tillage alternate during crop rotation, different depth (23–25 cm and 28–30 cm) subsurface chisel tillage, single-depth shallow (12–14 cm) disk and zero tillage, against the background of the fertilizer system using post-harvest green manure. The research was conducted during 2015–2019 on the irrigated lands of the Askaniya State Agricultural Research Station of the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture of NAAS, in the area of the Kakhovka irrigation system, in a fourfield row crop rotation with successive crop rotation of the following: soybean, winter wheat + mustard (postharvest for green manure), corn for grain, winter barley + mustard (postharvest for green manure). The soil of the experimental field is dark chestnut, slightly saline, medium loamy. Based on data from field, laboratory and analytical studies, it is established that in short-term row crops rotation on irrigated lands of southern Ukraine an effective measure to increase the fertility of dark chestnut soils is organic-mineral fertilizer systems with a mineral fertilizer dose of N120P40 (per hectare of crop rotation area), the use of spring mustard as fertilizer in post-harvest crops as well as the use of all by-products of crop rotation. Differentiated and different-depth subsurface systems of primary tillage against the background of organicmineral fertilization system provide productivity of short-term crop rotation at the level of 7.77 and 8.09 t/ha of grain units respectively, increase of humus by 1.25 and 1.33 t/ha, and total ecological economic efficiency of crop rotation operation by 61.50 and 64.63 thousand UAH/ha.

Special Issue No. – 10, June, 2020 Journal > Special Issue > Special Issue No. – 10, June, 2020 > Page 5 “Quantative Methods in Modern Science” organized by Academic Paper Ltd, Russia MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF THE GENUS GAGEA SALISB., GROWING IN THE EAST KAZAKHSTAN REGION Authors: Zhamal T. Igissinova,Almash A. Kitapbayeva,Anargul S. Sharipkhanova,Alexander L. Vorobyev,Svetlana F. Kolosova,Zhanat

Special Issue No. – 10, June, 2020 Journal > Special Issue > Special Issue No. – 10, June, 2020 > Page 5 “Quantative Methods in Modern Science” organized by Academic Paper Ltd, Russia MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF THE GENUS GAGEA SALISB., GROWING IN THE EAST KAZAKHSTAN REGION Authors: Zhamal T. Igissinova,Almash A. Kitapbayeva,Anargul S. Sharipkhanova,Alexander L. Vorobyev,Svetlana F. Kolosova,Zhanat

SHORT CROP ROTATION PRODUCTIVITY WITH ADAPTIVE AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES

Studies performed on an experimental field by the Tver State Agricultural Academy in 2011-2019 showed that in experiments with various types of crop rotations in the southern taiga subzone, crop rotations with seeded fallow were most effective (productivity of arable land increased by 11-25%). It was established that the aftereffect of mineral fertilizers depended on the type of crop rotation and herbicides. Thus, crop productivity increased by 30-31% in crop rotations with clean fallow and by 22-23% in crop rotations with seeded fallow. The efficiency of fertilizers decreased by about 10%. In the second experiment with 66% of grain crops in the early development of crop rotation, oats were the most responsive to fertilizer application. The introduction of 24 kg/ha of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contributed to an increase in productivity by 23-31% in oats, by 12-13% in vetch-oats, and by 2-6% in triticale. A double dose of mineral fertilizers increased the productivity of oats by 43-44%, vetch-oats by 17-30%, and triticale by 10-13%. On average, a single dose of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium increased the crop rotation productivity by 14% and a double dose – by 26%. The effectiveness of mineral nutrition in the clover-timothy mixture was determined by the age of the grass stand. The highest productivity of the clover-timothy mixture in 2 years of use in the control variant was 34.1 dt/ha of dry weight; with the use of N48P48K48, it was 40.1 dt/ha. It was found that the use of herbicides in crop rotations was about 7%. In the crop rotation with 66% of grain crops, the increase in productivity when applying herbicides ranged from 20 to 22%. The efficiency of the herbicide use depended on the crop. In oats, the yield increase with the use of the herbicide reached 0.31 dt/ha in the variant without mineral fertilizer. The effects of Agritox on the clover-timothy mixture were either not observed, or a trend towards a decrease in yield was observed.

Effect of soil treatment on pest infestation and crop disease distribution in black soil fields with short rotation crops

We have established the influence of four tillage systems on pest distribution and development of diseases in cultivated cereals during three-year research (2017-2019) in the field stationary of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Ukraine (chernozem grain sprouting with five-course rotation). The population of turnip moth in winter wheat, spring barley, and soya was the highest under application of disk tillage, the lowest – under moldboard tillage. The moldboard treatment limited while the beardless and disk treatments stimulate the development of beet webworm in the cereal crops. The number of pests in soya, winter wheat, spring barley, and maize was higher under combined soil treatment compared to moldboard. We recorded no significant difference in pests towards tillage systems in sunflower crops. In soya, winter wheat and maize crops, the number of wireworm was significantly higher in molded than in molded cultivation; the opposite pattern was observed in the sunflower field, while for spring barley these values were at the same level. The distribution and development of root rot in cereal crops was higher in comparison with control, but this difference was insignificant in spring barley. The development of powdery mildew in spring barley crops was almost the same for these tillage options. In cereal crops, septoriosis lesions were almost at the same level in case of moldboard and combined tillage. Significant deterioration of phytosanitary condition at beardless and disk tillage resulted in significant reduction of crop rotation productivity in comparison with control. In the fields with combined and disk treatments, the productivity value was almost the same.

Продуктивність короткоротаційної сівозміни з різними бобовими культурами на чорноземі типовому

Goal. To analyze results of long-term research in productivity of different short field crop rotations in conditions of left bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine. Methods. General scientific and special: long-term field — to determine quantitative performance metrics of short crop rotations, and analytical. Results. They determined the yield of crops in crop rotations, as well as the calculated productivity of different 4-filed rotations. The positive role is emphasized by leguminous predecessors for leading grain crop of Ukraine — winter wheat. It is revealed that the use of pea, lentil and vetch-oat mixture in the short crop rotation increases the yields of winter wheat and root crops of the 3rd culture of crop rotation — sugar beet. The influence of crop rotations on crop yield in the 4th year of the rotation (spring barley) is somewhat reduced. The role of fallow in the crop rotation is known. Numerous studies have established that in the conditions of insufficient and unstable moistening the best precursor for winter wheat is clean fallow. The fallow makes it possible to prepare the soil, retain enough moisture and nutrients in the form available to plants practically at any weather conditions. This helps to obtain high yields of winter wheat, but the productivity of the 4-field crop rotations with this precursor is greatly reduced. This primarily happens due to the lack of products in the field of clean fallow. Conclusions. In the conditions of unstable moistening of the left bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine on typical chernozem, the higher output of food-protein units was got in the crop rotations with soybean, pea, lentil and vetch-oat mixture. The worse indices were got in the rotation with Lathyrus sativus L. The low productivity had short crop rotations with silage maize and beans. Studies revealed a significant reduction in the productivity of crop rotation with a clean fallow. It provided minimal productivity due to the lack of production in the first field.

Influence of different systems of basic cultivation and fertilizer on biological activity of soil and productivity of crop rotation on irrigated lands of the south of Ukraine

Influence of different systems of basic cultivation and fertilizer on biological activity of soil and productivity of crop rotation on irrigated lands of the south of Ukraine

Evaluation of anthropogenic sustainability of agro-gray forest soil in intensive agriculture by change of its biological activity indicators

Studies have been carried out with the identification of criteria for the anthropogenic stability of agro-gray forest soils according to the main indicators of biological activity under conditions of intensive farming. Soils of this type are dominant in the soil cover of the Republic of Tatarstan, so the results of the experiment can be widely interpolated to similar conditions of soil formation and serve as quickly defined markers for diagnosing anthropogenic pressure. Studies have been carried out in field crop rotation since 1992, using various doses of potassium at three levels of soil nitrogen supply. As a result of long-term use of fertilizers, changes in microbiological activity have been revealed, in the variant with the use of environmentally balanced doses of mineral nutrition, an increase in microorganisms from 3,400 thousand (control) to 4,000 thousand per 1 g of soil is observed. A subsequent increase in the dose of fertilizers led to a decrease in the number of microorganisms relative to the control. Under the influence of the optimal combination of fertilizers (option 3), conditions for the development of actinomycetes, ammonifiers, nitrifiers, cellulose-decomposing bacteria are improved, while very high doses of mineral fertilizers (N180P60K200) worsen them, indicating a decrease in the activity of beneficial bacterial microflora. This leads to a slowdown in decomposition of fiber, nitrification and other biochemical processes. Indicators of the biological activity of the soil correlate among themselves, as well as with other indicators of its fertility, with the productivity of crop rotation and therefore can serve as an additional diagnostic sign when assessing the anthropogenic stability of the agricultural soil of the agricultural soil in intensive agriculture.

Soil organic carbon sequestration according to two Geoset long-term field experiments in the Moscow region

The feasibility of implementing the "4 ppm" initiative, which assumes an annual increase in organic carbon stocks of agricultural soils in the layer 0-40 cm, was estimated with the dynamic carbon model RothC in two long-term DAOS experiments in the Moscow region, conducted in neighbouring fields for 74 and 76 years. Treatments included absolute control, application of organic, mineral, organic and mineral fertilizers at increasing rates. One of the experiments showed the growth of C stocks 12‰ in the layer 0-20 cm in the first 20 years in treatments with mineral fertilization, and 17‰ with the additional application of manure in an average annual rate of 10 Mg·ha-1. The accumulation of C allowed increasing its stock by 18-25%. Still, with the subsequent decline in crop rotation productivity, there was a loss of part of the previously accumulated C. In another experiment, at close values of annual C input, there was a loss of initial C stock due to the history of land use. The crop rotation adjustment provided a 3-8 ‰ increase of soil C in the 0-20 cm layer in the first 20 years after introduction but was insufficient to match the "4 ppm" initiative. In the long term, the organic fertilizer system had an advantage over the mineral one in ensuring the stability of organic C stocks in the arable layer. However, the management of C sequestration was complicated in the non-equilibrium state of the carbon system "plant residues-organic fertilizer-soil".

Yield of Crops and Productivity of Grain-Beet Crop Rotation in Russia’s Central Black-Earth Region with Long-Term Application of Fertilizers

The aim of the investigations is to determine the influence of fertilizers’ application during a long period (from 1936 to 2017) on yield of crops and productivity of the grain-arable crop rotation under conditions of the forest-steppe of the Central Black Earth Region. The object of the investigations is yield of a main crop product in a grain-beet crop rotation (sugar beet, winter wheat, barley, oats, clover). Application of fertilizers in the long-term experiment (from 1936 to 2017) revealed that prolongation of fertilizers’ period of use considerably increased their total efficiency. With direct effect of fertilizers, the average yield for nine rotations of sugar beet roots increased by 21.6–31.9%. After-effect of fertilizers was the greatest for barley, whose average yield increased by 18.4–36.4% in comparison with the control over the period under investigation. Oats and clover showed the least response (10.1–18.4 and 12.7–18.2%, accordingly). For direct effect and after-effect of fertilizers, the best dose of fertilizers was N135P135K135 for sugar beets + 25 t/hectare of manure. In a crop rotation, barley and clover demonstrated the most rapid after-effect (15 years), while winter wheat showed the slowest (40 years). The direct effect of fertilizers for sugar beet was the greatest after 45 years. Between the I and IX rotations, increase in yield (by 7.80–50.4%) and crop rotation productivity (by 10.9–25.4%) for most of the crops was noted; the system N135P135K135 + 25 t/hectare of manure had the greatest positive influence.

Effectiveness of various types and norms of fertilizers in increasing the productivity of cultivated crops and the fertility of gray forest soil in the Pre-Kama Area of Tatarstan

The article discusses the effectiveness of various types and norms of organic fertilizers in improving soil fertility, productivity and crop production quality, as well as crop rotation productivity in a comparative aspect with the estimated norms of mineral fertilizers for obtaining the planned yield. Various norms of thermally dried granulated chicken manure were studied, its suitability as an environmentally safe complex organic fertilizer and its effectiveness in increasing yields, produce quality, soil fertility and crop rotation productivity compared with traditional manure, buckwheat green manure crop, mineral fertilizers and natural nutritional background were established. The economic efficiency of the use of various types of fertilizers in crop rotation is determined and its increase to a profitability level of 74–222 % depending on the type and norms of fertilizers is established.

Crop rotation productivity under different systems of basic tillage in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine under irrigation

Crop rotation productivity under different systems of basic tillage in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine under irrigation

Impurity of sowing and productivity of crop rotations depending on correlation of cultures and systems of tillage of soil on irrigation of south of Ukraine

Impurity of sowing and productivity of crop rotations depending on correlation of cultures and systems of tillage of soil on irrigation of south of Ukraine

Modern approaches to adaptive tillage complexes in crop rotation and intensive land use in the Middle Urals

The article presents the results of many years of research on soil treatment systems and techniques. It is established that for the conditions of the Perm region on sod-podzolic loamy soils, the most optimal system of basic treatment and reception is: 1. in grain-grass crop rotations with clean and occupied pairs, when applying medium and high doses of mineral and organic fertilizers, disk, minimum and plow-disk processing systems are most effective, ensuring the level of productivity of crop rotations is not lower than during annual plowing. At the same time, the humus content does not decrease, and the cost of soil processing is reduced by 20 – 35%. To obtain maximum productivity in grain-grass crop rotations, multi-depth processing is promising, in which the costs are at the same level as the costs of ordinary processing, including annual plowing to a depth of 22-24 cm.2. in grain-steam crop rotations, when applying medium and high doses of fertilizers, the most perspective processing is that which includes ploughing by 40 cm per pair, disking by 14 cm and ploughing by 20 cm for spring crops. Carrying out soil ploughing to a depth of 20 cm with SibIME stands instead of annual plowing is more effective, since this processing does not reduce the humus content, reduces the cost of processing by 17.8% and the yield of grain crops is not lower than with plow processing.

Biological activity of typical chernozemic soil under different systems of main tillage and crops fertilisation of a short crop rotation

The influence of four main tillage systems and four fertilization systems on biological reactivity of a plow layer of typical chernozemic soil under agrophytocenosis of five crops was investigated during four year research (2016–2019) of the stationary field grain row crop rotation. Loss of mass of flax linen in a plow layer of soil during two months of the study characterizing the intensity of cellulose-decomposing microorganisms under beard, beardless, differential and disc tillage made correspondingly 24.5; 22.7; 23.4 and 23.3 % – for soybeans; 16.3; 15.7; 15.9 and 16.2 % for winter wheat, 24.1; 22.8; 24.7 and 22.6 % – for sunflowers, 27.7; 24.1; 25.1 and 23.7 % – for spring barley, 21.9; 19.9; 22.4 and 19.0 % – for corn. Steady surface and beardless tillage strengthen the differentiation of a plow layer according to the intensity indices of flax linen decomposing while the beard one tillage decreases. The most heterogenic plow layer was observed under beardless tillage; it was a bit lower under disk tillage in a crop rotation. The intensity of flax linen decomposing on the top of a plow layer (0–10 cm) is the highest under beardless tillage and the lowest under beard tillage, while in the bottom (20–30 cm) of a plow layer an inverse relation can be observed. The intensity of carbon dioxide production by the soil under soybeans, winter wheat and spring barley is the highest under beard tillage and the lowest it is for soybeans under beardless and differential tillage, for winter wheat, sunflowers and spring barley under beardless tillage and for corn under disc tillage. For sunflowers and corn this index is higher under differential rather than under beard tillage in a crop rotation. The biological reactivity of a plow layer of a typical chornozemic soil increases as the fertilizers application rates increase. Crop rotation productivity is almost at the same level under beard and beard-beardless tillage in a crop rotation. Systematic beardless and surface disc tillage decreases this index significantly. Key words: soil, crop, crop rotation, tillage, fertilizers, flax linen, carbon dioxide, plow layer, heterogeneity.