Abstract
The article presents the results of many years of research on soil treatment systems and techniques. It is established that for the conditions of the Perm region on sod-podzolic loamy soils, the most optimal system of basic treatment and reception is: 1. in grain-grass crop rotations with clean and occupied pairs, when applying medium and high doses of mineral and organic fertilizers, disk, minimum and plow-disk processing systems are most effective, ensuring the level of productivity of crop rotations is not lower than during annual plowing. At the same time, the humus content does not decrease, and the cost of soil processing is reduced by 20 – 35%. To obtain maximum productivity in grain-grass crop rotations, multi-depth processing is promising, in which the costs are at the same level as the costs of ordinary processing, including annual plowing to a depth of 22-24 cm.2. in grain-steam crop rotations, when applying medium and high doses of fertilizers, the most perspective processing is that which includes ploughing by 40 cm per pair, disking by 14 cm and ploughing by 20 cm for spring crops. Carrying out soil ploughing to a depth of 20 cm with SibIME stands instead of annual plowing is more effective, since this processing does not reduce the humus content, reduces the cost of processing by 17.8% and the yield of grain crops is not lower than with plow processing.
Highlights
IntroductionResource conservation is the most important direction in agriculture, which reduces the growth of irreplaceable energy costs (chemical ameliorants, mineral fertilizers, pesticides, fuel, electricity, and mechanization tools) in the structure of grain cost
The high energy costs of the main processing system, based on annual plowing, do not allow it to be performed in optimal agrotechnical terms
For the conditions of the Perm region on sod-podzolic loamy soils, the most optimal system of basic treatment and reception is: 1. in grain-grass crop rotations with clean and occupied steam when applying medium and high doses of mineral and organic fertilizers, disk, minimum and plow-disk processing systems are most effective. They ensuring the higher level of productivity of crop rotations than during annual plowing
Summary
Resource conservation is the most important direction in agriculture, which reduces the growth of irreplaceable energy costs (chemical ameliorants, mineral fertilizers, pesticides, fuel, electricity, and mechanization tools) in the structure of grain cost. The technology of cultivation of any agricultural crop should be based on a resource-saving, soil-protective, adapted to the local conditions of the territorial structure of the landscape system of soil processing. Modern adaptive intensification in the cultivation of field agrophytocenoses in the Middle Urals strongly depends on the fertility of arable soils. The most important General agrophysical indicators are the density of addition, the density of the solid phase, which directly depend on the mineralogical composition of the soil-forming rock, the size of soil parts, the content of organic substance, the structural state and sponginess
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