Abstract
The increase in the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere, which enhances the greenhouse effect and leads to climate change, is the fundamental scientific problem of nowadays. Modern approaches to fertility management technologies of acid soils based on the principles of resource conservation and environmental safety are presented. They are based on the results of the study of carbon dioxide emission intensity, humus status, and crop rotation productivity in a classic long-term agricultural experiment under the influence of long-term use of various fertilizer systems with the application of ameliorant doses calculated by pH buffering capacity and hydrolytic acidity. The organo-mineral fertilizer system with the addition of 10 t of manure per ha of crop rotation area + N65P68K68, liming with a CaCO3 dose calculated according to pH buffering capacity (2.5 t/ha) contributes most to the optimization of soil processes. At the same time, it ensures the rational use of fertilizers and ameliorants, preservation of fertility, optimizes the processes of humus formation and carbon dioxide release. A high level of productivity of Albic Stagnic Luvisols forms under these conditions – 7.38 t/ha of grain units. Application of 1.0 and 1.5 lime norms calculated according to soil hydrolytic acidity with organic-mineral and mineral fertilizer systems on Albic Stagnic Luvisols in a short four-field crop rotation is not only a high-cost measure. However, it causes significant carbon loss in the form of CO2 due to additional mineralization. It is accompanied by calcium leaching and creates environmental problems in the conditions of the periodic washing-off water regime. Therefore, liming by CaCO3 dose calculated according to acid-base buffering capacity should be carried out before each of the following rotations in order to harmonize the environmental and productive functions of Albic Stagnic Luvisols in the short crop rotation. The obtained research results will be used to improve the methodology for determining carbon dioxide emissions and predicting the effect of various fertilizer and liming systems on its balance in the soil.
Highlights
Acid degradation of soils is one of the most acute problems of agriculture, today and in the future
In the variants of the organo-mineral fertilizer system with liming by 1.0 dose of CaCO3 according to hydrolytic acidity, the intensity of CO2 emission was 18.7 compared to 14.4 ppm/min in the similar fertilizer system with liming by
Seasonal dynamics of carbon dioxide production in fields of winter wheat and corn for silage depending on different fertilizer systems and periodic liming were studied in the conditions of a long-term agricultural experiment
Summary
Acid degradation of soils is one of the most acute problems of agriculture, today and in the future. The process of soil acidification is becoming global. It leads to the deterioration of the agroecological condition and loss of one of the main soil functions – fertility. Acidic soils account for approximately four billion hectares worldwide (30–40% of arable land) and are distributed mainly in tropical and subtropical regions (Martins et al, 2014). Acidic soils occupy approximately 5,500,000 ha of the arable land in Ukraine, including 636.1 thousand ha of strongly acidic soils (Tsapko et al, 2018). The urgent need for early diagnosis of changes in transformed ecosystems and its components is forcing intensification of the search for new types of indicators that objectively reflect the agroecological state of the soil. The accumulation of carbon dioxide in the ground air and the intensity of its emission from the soil into the atmosphere is a sensitive indicator that responds instantly to the disturbances in the balanced natural cycles of substances, in particular carbon (Demydenko & Velychko, 2014; Gorban et al, 2020)
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