Critical Path Method Research Articles

Evaluation of Business Feasibility of Construction and Building Services Business at CV. Nirwatama

In developing a construction service business, it must consider various possibilities and developments in the future. Evaluation of business feasibility from various aspects is carried out in order to have clear goals and directions. CV. Nirwatama is a construction service industry company that belongs to the small class (K) category. Evaluation of business feasibility is carried out with two aspects, namely non-financial aspects and financial aspects. In the non-financial aspect, the CV. Nirwatama company can be said to be feasible enough to continue running in the next few years. While in the financial aspect of finance, the payback period (PP) value is obtained as much as 4 years 8 months 5 days < 5 years. Then at a net present value (NPV) of IDR. 14,114,466 and an internal rate of return (IRR) value of 14%> MARR = 12%. So it can be concluded that the construction services business of the CV. Nirwatama company is said to be very profitable and feasible to run or invest. One of the projects undertaken by CV. Nirwatama, namely the Light Rehabilitation of the Non-Rise Building of the Great Mosque, has significant problems regarding time delays in project work so that the contractor must coordinate again with the architect planner. To overcome time delays and minimize fines, this research uses the Critical Path Method (CPM). The result of the CPM method is that the optimal time duration for project work is 19 days so that the company is not subject to fines.

Investment project management paradigm: budgeting challenges

Introduction. The paper discusses methods of investment capital budget management, which adapts budget management practices and increases synergy with project management, adjusting the allocation of resources in accordance with the constraints and operational risks of business processes. Businesses regularly use project management to achieve unique results with limited resources under critical time constraints. In the service sector of the economy (in particular, trade), the use of project management to achieve organizational goals is even more common. The purpose of the paper is the application of the budgeting system in the management of the investment project. Results. As a result, it encourages flexibility in dealing with contingencies, focus on a strategic perspective, speed of budget management, cost-effective budgeting, added value to the enterprise and encouragement of collaboration. Thus, constraints can be operational or managerial, related to organizational politics and culture. To identify constraints in an organization, you must understand how the organization works as a system. In the business sphere, the functioning of the company is a vision of business processes. Business processes are sets of activities that create results (products and services) whose value is perceived by interest groups (stakeholders). The impact of deterministic decisions in the short term on the overall result of the organization decreases. However, budget management methods do not represent a probabilistic approach, as seen in the proposal of the critical path method as a means of improving project management in a volatile business environment. Conclusion. It is recommended that each capital investment of the organization be structured in the form of projects, and the method of rewarding managers should also reward those who achieve goals with minimal use of investment resources. If possible, the manager should strive to evenly return resources to investment capital. Finally, it is suggested for future research to identify other business practices that can benefit from this paradigm shift.

Network Planning Analysis Using The Critical Path Method (CPM) as an Evaluation Tool for Project Planning and Control (Case Study of a Residential House Development Project in Pare City, Kediri Regency)

The construction of residential houses in Pare City Kediri Regency experienced problems in the construction process was late from the predetermined schedule, which resulted in increased costs incurred. This project is located in Pare City, Kediri Regency, on a land area of 1200 M² with a size of 120 x 10 M first construction is a 20 x 8 M residential house. According to the agreed plan and a master schedule, this project is expected to be completed within 80 working days, and every day only work for 8 hours reality the implementation of this project, various factors affect the progress of the work. The percentage of actual cumulative progress until the 4th week of January is 97.42% of the 100% master schedule plan, there is a deviation of 2. 58 & it can be seen that the achievement of progress from the previous month indicates a continuous delay from the monthly plans made. One of the methods that must be used to design Network Planning is the Critical Path Method (CPM). The CPM method is used to plan, schedule, and control project activities that are deterministic or single time after evaluation data is obtained so that time and cost are more efficient and effective in calculating evaluation data using the CPM method. The project, which was initially completed in 103 days at Rp. 213,956,500 after being evaluated, and if there were no mistakes during project implementation, the normal time was 72 days at Rp. 160,276. 500 and then using the CPM method obtained an effective time of 52 days and an efficiency cost of Rp. 115,755,240.
 Keywords: Critical path method (CPM), Network Planning, Acceleration, Time, Cost.

ANALISIS PENJADWALAN WAKTU MENGGUNAKAN METODE CPM DAN PERT PADA PEMBANGUNAN GUDANG DEXA MEDICA PALEMBANG

The project is a series of sensitive work mechanisms because each aspect of the project is interconnected with each other. The purpose of this research is to determine the planned duration, critical path activities, and probability in the implementation of the Dexa Medica warehouse construction project in Palembang. Primary data used for estimation of work time, while secondary data used time schedules (S-curve) and work plan drawings. The methods used are the Critical Path Method (CPM) and the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT). The planned project completion duration using the CPM calculation method is 39 weeks. The activities known to be on the critical path are preparation, earthworks and others on the 1st floor, concrete work on the 1st floor, architectural work on the 1st floor, site development, and genset room work. The planned project completion duration using the PERT calculation method is 40.2 weeks. The probability (Probabiliti) with the PERT method is found to be 0.7324, meaning that there is a 73.24% probability that the project will be completed within 41 weeks.

The Road to Sustainable Logistics: Using the Fuzzy Nonlinear Multi-Objective Optimization Model to Build Photovoltaic Stations in Taiwan’s Logistics Centers

In Taiwan, numerous company logistics centers have embraced installing solar photovoltaic power stations (SPPSs) on their rooftops. The primary objective of this study is to expedite the generation of green electricity for sale, bolstering the logistics center’s income and enhancing its environmental, social, and governance (ESG) profile. How can we secure solar photovoltaic power station (SPPS) projects with expedited construction timelines, reduced investment costs, and heightened quality aligned with the long-term ESG objectives? The study applies the critical path method (CPM) to determine the item’s path. Next, the mothed leverages Zimmermann’s mathematical models for nonlinear multi-objectives and Yager’s fuzzy sets to enhance project efficiency, minimizing completion time and cost while maximizing the quality ratio. Subsequently, the project uses Liou and Wang’s defuzzification values and incorporates Dong’s fuzzy to accelerate calculations. In this case, Project HP’s item J, the construction time is reduced from 24.3 to 3.2 days, ensuring that construction quality meets an 85% standard. Item J necessitates expanding the fuzzy cost interval (4549.90, 15,416.65, 26,283.41) (it refers to a scope of possible costs). It becomes evident that construction time plays a pivotal role in controlling costs. For Project HP’s item H, the unit time quality decision ranges from TWD 238,000 to 240,000, to turn into a cost interval of TWD 215,100, 239,000, and 262,900. Consequently, cost transformation transitions from an active to a more passive role, with quality and construction time becoming the driving components. This study uses a fuzzy nonlinear multi-objective model to guide the decision analysis of SPPSs within logistics centers. This strategy enables decision-makers to streamline logistics center operations, ensuring time, cost, and quality (TCQ) alignment during SPPS installation, thereby advancing ESG sustainability goals.

Study of Rescheduling of MV Alfa Trans Satu Ship Repair Using Critical Path Method (CPM) and Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

Study of Rescheduling of MV Alfa Trans Satu Ship Repair Using Critical Path Method (CPM) and Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

Mastering Construction Schedules: The Power of CPM and Pert Integration

Abstract: Mastering construction schedules is a crucial task in project management, requiring a careful strategy for timely completion and overall success. This overview explores how Critical Path Method (CPM) and Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) methods work together, highlighting the strength that comes from combining them. CPM, a certain method, focuses on putting tasks in order to find the critical path, which decides the project's duration. PERT, a method that considers uncertainties, provides a realistic view of timelines. Blending these methods creates a strong scheduling framework that balances certain and uncertain elements. This hybrid approach identifies critical paths, offering project managers a flexible scheduling model that adapts to uncertainties, helping them make more informed decisions. The abstract emphasizes the role of technology in integrating CPM and PERT, using computational power to seamlessly bring them together. Modern project management software automates critical path analysis, allowing real-time adjustments based on project conditions. This technology-driven integration is vital in today's project management. Moreover, the abstract highlights that CPM and PERT integration goes beyond traditional construction management, making it versatile for uncertain and dynamic projects, including research, development initiatives, and innovative construction. The adaptability of this integrated approach makes it valuable in various industries, indicating its broader impact on project scheduling. This overview outlines the core principles of the integration, demonstrating its practical use in addressing construction project management challenges. Embracing this integrated approach empowers project managers to navigate uncertainties, optimize resource use, and increase the chances of project success in a complex and dynamic environment.

Construction Delays Analysis in the Kampung Akuarium Flats Project, Penjaringan-Jakarta

<p class="Abstract"><span lang="EN-US">The most common impediment to project work is a delay in implementing work activities. Even though the completion time has been calculated, there are several influencing factors, such as natural factors that cannot be predicted, late material delivery, a lack of workers that are not optimal when doing project work, and insufficient funds. In this case, the construction project of the Kampung Akuarium flats in Penjaringan area of North Jakarta was delayed from both technical and non-technical. The objective of this study</span><span lang="EN-US"> is</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">to identify the factors causing the project delays and the delay time of the project. This research was conducted by collecting data obtained and processed using Microsoft Project 2019 and the Critical Path Method (CPM) to help identify the problems. From the results that have been analyzed, critical paths include the structural work, finishing architecture 3rd floor, finishing architecture 4th floor, and finishing architecture 5th floor. If not completed immediately or delayed during implementation, the entire project schedule will be delayed. This has an effect where the initial contract plan was completed in 182 days to 259 days with a difference of 77 days or 11 weeks.</span></p>

Finding Bottlenecks in Message Passing Interface Programs by Scalable Critical Path Analysis

Bottlenecks and imbalance in parallel programs can significantly affect performance of parallel execution. Finding these bottlenecks is a key issue in performance analysis of MPI programs especially on a large scale. One of the ways to discover bottlenecks is to analyze the critical path of the parallel program: the longest execution path in the program activity graph. There are a number of methods of finding the critical path; however, most of them suffer a performance drop when scaled. In this paper, we analyze several methods of critical path finding based on classical Dijkstra and Delta-stepping algorithms along with the proposed algorithm based on topological sorting. Corresponding algorithms for each approach are presented including additional enhancements for increasing performance. The implementation of the algorithms and resulting performance for several benchmark applications (NAS Parallel Benchmarks, CP2K, OpenFOAM, LAMMPS, and MiniFE) are analyzed and discussed.

ANALYSIS OF ACCELERATION OF STRUCTURE WORK TIME USING CPM METHOD IN THE 57 NGANJUK HOTEL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

Structural work is a major job in a project for the construction of high-rise buildings and other buildings, because the structure is a strengthening foundation of a building. In the Nganjuk Guest House 57 Hotel development project, it becomes a place to conduct research. Accelerating the duration of structural work on a schedule in a project is the beginning of an acceleration in other project work, because if structural work can be completed quickly, other work can also be completed earlier too. In this study, the acceleration of the schedule uses the CPM (Critical Path Method) method and with the help of Microsoft Project 2013 software which in this study aims to serve as a reference for contractors to work on the next project. Microsoft Project 2013 functions to make normal scheduling and determine work that is on a critical path, and the CPM method is a method of speeding up the duration of a job in a critical area. The data analysis carried out by the researchers was from the master schedule, RAB, and HSPK in 2022 which were then processed in such a way and with the help of Microsoft Project 2013. In the normal structural work duration data it was written for 246 days with a total overall construction cost of Rp. 15,881,406,908.69 and after acceleration with the CPM (Critical Path Method) method, acceleration is obtained for 81 days by adding 3 hours of overtime each day on critical work with an overtime fee of Rp. 211,214,347.45. Then the duration of the change is obtained to be 165 days with a processing fee of Rp. 16,092,621,256.14

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ACCELERATION ALTERNATIVES FOR THE DRAINAGE CHANNEL PROJECT ON XYZ STREET USINGTHE TIME-COST TRADE-OFF (TCTO) METHOD

In response to the increasing occurrence of rain, the city government is actively striving to mitigate urban flooding by enhancing the drainage system. Collaboration with contracted construction firms is central to this endeavor, although it is not without its challenges, including community opposition driven by concerns over potential disruptions and limited financial resources among contractors. This study adopts the Critical Path Method (CPM) and Microsoft Project software, supplemented with the Time Cost Trade Off (TCTO) method to expedite project completion, emphasizing a comprehensive evaluation that encompasses both time and financial aspects. Notably, the analysis identifies the most feasible acceleration opportunity within the excavation of ordinary soil for construction, with original plans indicating a cost of Rp. 60,818,919 over a 40-day period. Three alternatives are considered: (1) overtime labor, incurring Rp. 65,520,000, with a 34-day duration; (2) increased workforce, incurring Rp. 68,000,000, with a 34-day duration; and (3) introducing a new addendum for the replacement of manual excavation with heavy machinery, incurring Rp. 37,440,000, with a 16-day duration. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive strategy for accelerating the urban drainage project, considering the critical path, time-cost trade-offs, and cost-benefit factors, highlighting the significance of selecting the most cost-effective alternative while addressing community concerns and resource limitations in flood risk mitigation efforts.

Process Improvement Analysis in Toll Corridor Development With Lean Six Sigma Approach

Toll Corridor Development (TCD) is one of the businesses conducted by PT Jasamarga Related Business as a follow-up to the issuance of Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat (PUPR) No. 28 of 2021. In the development of its first TCD project, Jasamarga Related Business (JMRB) encountered issues that resulted in the delay of the project's completion. The purpose of this research is to analyze and make improvements to the causes of delays in the Taman Mini Toll Corridor Development (TCD) project. In this research, the lean six sigma approach is used to analyze process improvements that can be carried out so that these problems can be minimized in the further development of TCD. To identify activities that cause delays in the implementation of this project, the Critical Path Method (CPM) concept was used and further analyzed based on the results of interviews with those directly involved in the development of TCD Taman Mini. From the activities that cause the delay, a causal analysis is carried out using a fishbone diagram, and then an analysis of possible improvements is carried out using a lean concept approach. Based on the analysis results, three main issues are identified, namely inadequate planning process, ineffective partner or consultant selection process and delays in construction completion. From the cause-and-effect analysis, it can be concluded that potential improvements can be made by implementing the concept of pull planning, improving the business process by reducing waste and enhancing value-added activities, establishing effective stakeholder management, and maximizing the use of technology-based applications to aid project control.

Research on the identification and formation mechanism of the main path of digital technology diffusion: Empirical evidence from China

The diffusion of digital technology has brought a subversive impact on the technological development of various industries, but the diffusion path and formation mechanism of digital technology in various industries have not been clear. In this paper, the patent data of 97 Chinese national economic industries from 2000 to 2019 were used to construct the citation network, and the Search Path Count (SPC) and critical path algorithm were used to identify the main path of digital technology diffusion among industries. This paper analyzes the formation mechanism of the main path of digital technology diffusion from four dimensions of technology characteristics by using exponential random graph model (ERGM). Through the identification of the diffusion main paths, it is found that the 13 digital technology diffusion main paths are disconnected and involve significant differences in technology fields, core technologies, major cities and institutions, possibly due to the influence of industry boundaries and industry heterogeneity. The results of the exponential random graph model show that technology combinatorial opportunity and technology proximity have significant positive effects on the formation of diffusion main path, while technical knowledge diversity and technical cooperative potential have significant negative effects on the formation of diffusion main path. In addition, the endogenous network structure variables have a significant positive impact on the formation of the main path of digital technology diffusion. These findings reveal the current trend and direction of China's digital technology development, which provides an important basis for technology developers and policy makers to choose the path of digital technology development, and provides effective guidance for traditional industries to grasp the development opportunities brought by digital technology.

Γ-robust optimization of project scheduling problems

In this paper, we investigate the problem of finding a robust baseline schedule for the project scheduling problem under uncertain process times. We assume that the probability distribution for the duration is unknown, but an estimate is given along with an interval in which this time can vary. At most Γ of the tasks will deviate from the estimated time.We present two approaches to solving this problem. The first approach treats the problem of determining the earliest guaranteed finish times and can be solved in polynomial time by an extension of the critical path method. The second is a two-stage approach that determines the baseline schedule in the first stage and an adaptation to the scenario in the second stage. We show strong NP-hardness of the second stage problem and introduce a novel formulation. From this formulation we derive an exact algorithm and three heuristics. A computational study on benchmark instances shows that the heuristics perform well on larger instances.

A multi-criteria decision-making model for analyzing a project-driven supply chain under interval type-2 fuzzy sets

Reviewing and integrating decisions in the supply chain and project management is crucial. This problem is known as a project-driven supply chain problem. By the growing dependency of project-driven companies on suppliers since they prefer to concentrate on their core and subcontracting processes, the project-based organization's dependence on suppliers has increased. A project-driven supply chain (PDSC) focuses on integrating project management activities into the supply chain. In this paper, a new model is presented for the integration of supply chain and project management decisions. Firstly, a new method is proposed to determine the resilience score of suppliers. This new model consists of three parts: the weighting of criteria, the weighting of experts, and the ranking of suppliers. To give weight to the experts, a new version of the combinative distance-based assessment (CODAS) method is presented based on the average and positive ideal concepts. Also, the importance of the criteria is specified by an expanded best-worst method (BWM). Computing the resilience score of suppliers is done through a developed CODAS method that is extended by the average and positive concepts. Furthermore, in order to consider the uncertainty of project-driven supply chain problems, interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2FSs) are used. Secondly, a new subtraction operation is defined to avoid producing negative in recursive critical path method (CPM) calculations in the IT2F environment. Also, the criticality score of the project's activities is defined. According to the criticality and resilience indexes of activities, suggestions are made to project management to prevent delays. Finally, a case study of hospital construction is solved to illustrate the strengths of the proposed model.

Repair Project Acceleration Strategy of Three Ship Units using Fuzzy Logic Analysis and Critical Path Method

Repair Project Acceleration Strategy of Three Ship Units using Fuzzy Logic Analysis and Critical Path Method

Project Acceleration By Time and Cost Optimization at PT. Dui Esa Unggul With CPM & Pert Method

Projects are activities that are temporary in nature, have deadlines, budgets, resources and have product specifications to be produced. The case study of this research is the Matarbari Throat Ring Unit-2 fabrication project carried out by PT. Dui Esa Superior . The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that cause project delays, and to find out how long the duration and the optimal cost for the project are. The methods used are FTA (Fault Tree Analysis), CPM (Critical Path Method), and PERT (Project Evaluation and Review Technique). The results of direct field observations and interviews, as well as analysis and evaluation using the FTA, CPM and PERT methods, obtained 19 basic event factors causing project delays, namely labor shortages, workers lack of understanding of drawings, bad weather / rain , and others. There are 9 basic event combinations or minimum cut sets, namely (D1*D2*D3), (D4*D5), (C3), (D6), (E1*E2), (E3*E4*E5), (F1 ), (F2*F3*F4), (F5*G1*G2). The optimal duration of the Matarbari Throat Ring Unit-2 project is 57 days from the normal 61 days with a 69.15% chance. The total optimal cost of the Matarbari Throat Ring Unit-2 project with the optimal duration is Rp. 127,772,400.

Nature of Project Management Found in Nature

This research’s urgency is evident from the growing gap between students’ expectations and what universities are able or willing to provide. The theoretical background is based on constructivist learning theories and a praxiological approach. The parallel group method laid the basis of this study design when comparing project management students from two universities, A and B. In addition, a specific pedagogical experiment in the forest was implemented at University A. The experiment lasted one academic year and included a total of 179 students. Work breakdown structure, the Critical Path Method, resource management, planning, manipulative business practices, and the role of team members were demonstrated in parallel with bees, ants, bumblebees, wolves, zombie mushrooms, squirrels and orangutans. Experimental intervention at University A has led to higher point scores on achievement tests compared to University B students and brought other remarkable findings, “aha” moments and answers to the assigned research questions: What key moments increase student engagement during the class (1), and what are the findings and recommendations for future project management pedagogy (2). This study combines quantitative and qualitative methods, including bio-mimicry analogies, parallel group technique, focus groups, action- and game-based learning, achievement test, and statistical tests.

Power system low delay resource scheduling model based on edge computing node

As more and more intelligent devices are put into the field of power system, the number of connected nodes in the power network is increasing exponentially. Under the background of smart grid cooperation across power areas and voltage levels, how to effectively process the massive data generated by smart grid has become a difficult problem to ensure the stable operation of power system. In the complex calculation process of power system, the operation time of complex calculation can not be shortened to the greatest extent, and the execution efficiency can not be improved. Therefore, this paper proposes a two-phase heuristic algorithm based on edge computing. In solving the virtual machine sequence problem, for the main partition and the coordination partition, the critical path algorithm is used to sort the virtual machines to minimize the computing time. For other sub-partitions, the minimum cut algorithm is used to reduce the traffic interaction of each sub-partition. In the second stage of the virtual machine placement process, an improved best fit algorithm is used to avoid poor placement of virtual machines across physical machine configurations, resulting in increased computing time. Through the experiment on the test system, it is proved that the calculation efficiency is improved when the coordinated partition calculation belongs to the target partition. Because the edge computing is closer to the data source, it can save more data transmission time than cloud computing. This paper provides an effective algorithm for power system distributed computing in virtual machine configuration in edge computing, which can effectively reduce the computing time of power system and improve the efficiency of system resource utilization.

An Improved Design of Absolute-value Detector by Using Optimized Ripple Adder

Absolute-value detector (AVD) is one of the most basic bit-operating devices, which compares the magnitude of two inputs. However, the traditional 4-bit AVD is not only time-consuming but also has a high energy consumption. This paper uses a hybrid design to optimize the 4-bit AVD by introducing an improved ripple adder in the absolute value extraction part, which then can be less energy-consuming and requires fewer transistors. The paper divides the design of AVD into an absolute value extraction part and a comparator. The input (2’s complement) can be positive or negative numbers in the absolute value extraction part. By observing the most significant bit (MSB) of the input, the design can determine the sign of input and output magnitude. For the comparator, this paper uses a logic of step-by-step comparison from the most to the least significant bits. Then, this paper finds the minimum delay of the design by critical path analysis and gate sizing. The final delay is set at 1.5 times its minimum. Device voltage optimization is applied for calculating the energy consumption. Finally, with 1.5 times the minimum delay, the energy consumption is 40% less than the consumption when the delay is the minimum.