Critical Discourse Analysis Approach Research Articles

Producing precarity: The individualization of later life unemployment within employment support provision

There have been marked policy shifts within many nations towards ‘extended work lives’, with such shifts often underpinned by an assumption that individual aging citizens can make the responsible choice to prolong work and thereby avoid dependency on the state. However, possibilities for extended work lives are inequitably distributed, and older workers who become unemployed often face prolonged unemployment and barriers to obtaining sustainable employment. Drawing on findings from an ethnographic study addressing the negotiation of long-term unemployment in two North American cities, this article attends to how jobseekers aged 50 and older, employment support service providers, and organizational stakeholders understood and attempted to manage later life unemployment. Employing a critical discourse analysis approach informed by a governmentality perspective, the findings illustrate how possibilities for framing the problems faced by older jobseekers and for managing later life unemployment were constrained by broader individualizing neoliberal mandates. Despite recognition of systemic barriers tied to ageism and its intersection with other axes of disadvantage, stakeholders and service providers enacted a narrow individualized approach to manage ageism. This individualized approach, in turn, produced tensions within service provision and shaped precarity for older jobseekers through encouraging them to be ‘realistic’ regarding the types of work and wages available to them as older workers. If the extended work life agenda continues to be politically promoted as a key solution in the management of population aging, it is imperative to re-configure policy and service approaches to avoid the downloading of insurmountable barriers onto older jobseekers in ways that increasingly produce precarious lives marked by uncertainty, instability, and vulnerability.

CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF INDONESIAN LAW REVISION OF CORRUPTION ERADICATION COMISSION ON JAKARTA POST ONLINE NEWS

This study aims to find out how the revision of the Corruption Eradication Commission Law of Indonesia was represented on the language realized in Jakarta Post online news using a critical discourse analysis approach. Discussion on the revision of Law No.30 of 2002 concerning the Corruption Eradication Commission (UU KPK) is currently one of the main topics being discussed in the community. As the effect of pros and cons of this issue, some of media broadcast the demonstrations that were carried out by students in several regions in Indonesia last September. They demanded the cancellation of the revision of the KPK which was considered not in favor of the people. There are a number of points that have become controversial, so that they are the substance of the demands to conduct such demonstration. One of the online media that publishes this issue is Jakarta Post. In the study of discourse analysis, the critical discourse analysis of the Van Dijk model is one model that views language as related to power, ideology, and politics on media. Based on this, it is important to do an analysis of Van Dijk's critical discourse on the issue of Indonesian Law Revision of Corruption Eradication Commission that has been such controversy for these past several months because most of citizens disagree it. In conducting this research, qualitative descriptive design will be used as the research design, with observation as a method of data collection. The data of this study are linguistic units such as; words, phrases, clauses, sentences, etc. Thus, this research analyze three structures which have become the basic of the theory used, they are; macro structure analysis, super structure analysis, and micro structure analysis. The findings of this study show that Jakarta Post highlights the rule of process ratification of the Corruption Eradication Commission law revision in Indonesia government; It explains reason why that revision weakens the Corruption Eradication Commission as an independent institution in Indonesia, and; Jakarta Post represents Indonesian people that still expect the cancellation of the revision in order to enforce the maximum law against handling corruption in Indonesia.

Tri Rismaharini’s Speech, The Mayor of Surabaya : A Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA)

Language plays the important roles in everyday life for human being. This article relates to the governmental leader using language in communicating with the community or people she leads in order to convey her thoughts of programs of work which will be implemented. It elaborates the usage of Tri Rismaharini’s language as the Mayor of Surabaya Indonesia with Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) Approach. The method, meanwhile, used in the research is qualitative descriptive and it is found the elements of language usage and content of speech providing a macro-themed structure of texts. Keywords : Speech, Critical Discourse Analysis DOI : 10.7176/JLLL/76-03 Publication date: February 28th 2021

The representation of cultural values in Korean as a foreign language (KFL) textbook

The representation of cultural values in textbooks is crucial to be examined because learning a foreign language is bound with the culture. Although previous research has quite extensively investigated this issue, much is yet to be explored in the context of Korean as a foreign language learning. This study aims to address the gap by investigating how cultural values are represented in the Korean as a foreign language (KFL) textbook, published by The Korea Foundation for Indonesians. A critical discourse analysis (CDA) approach was employed to analyze the data. The findings exhibited the representation of cultural values in four language skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The introduction to the Korean language could be given through cultural recognition. Among the identified cultural values in the textbook, the representation of showing respect to creative products or the results of local culture was more evident than the other categories, followed by showing respect to cultural differences from various ethnic or religious groups and merging with nature and life. However, the representation category of showing respect to indigenous people’s culture was not seen in the textbook. This suggests that the textbook is intended to foster the students’ multicultural awareness in learning Korean as a foreign language.

Manusia Membutuhkan Agama di Masyarakat

Religion is one of the most sacred aspects in meeting the standard needs of human life. Humans are the most perfect creatures created by Allah SWT, therefore, humans always need role models to carry out their respective lives. Humans will never feel satisfied with what they already have, therefore humans must meet their daily needs with basic needs such as primary, secondary and tertiary needs. All of these needs must be accompanied by belief, humans can manage their lives with their belief or religion, therefore religion is one of the human needs that is no less important than these basic needs. By having religion, humans can control everything they face in life, humans can control their passions with the rules of their respective beliefs. This study uses library research, with researchers using a hermeneutic critical discourse analysis approach. This research results in the conclusion that, Religion is closely related to humans, Humans are the most perfect creatures of God because humans have all the elements of other living things plus the mind. Humans need religion because it is human nature. This nature is what causes humans to relate to religion to find their identity.Keyword : People, Needs, and Religion.

A corpus-based study of representation of Islam and Muslims in American media: Critical Discourse Analysis Approach

Media representations have significant power to shape opinions and influence public response to communities or groups around the world. This study investigates media representations of Islam and Muslims in the American media, drawing upon an analysis of reports in the New York Times over a 17-year period (from Jan.1, 2000 to Dec. 31, 2016) within the framework of Critical Discourse Analysis. It examines how Islam and Muslims are represented in media coverage and how discursive power is penetrated step by step through such media representations. Most important, it investigates whether Islam and Muslims have been stigmatized through stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination. The findings reveal that the New York Times’ representations of Islam and Muslims are negative and stereotypical: Islam is stereotyped as the unacclimatized outsider and the turmoil maker and Muslims as the negative receiver. The stereotypes contribute to people’s prejudice, such as Islamophobia from the “us” group and fear of the “them” group but do not support a strong conclusion of discrimination.

El "ethos" discursivo del Inca Garcilaso a través del Análisis Crítico del Discurso

El propósito del artículo es examinar cómo el Inca Garcilaso de la Vega construye su ethos discursivo en Los comentarios reales de los incas y cuáles eran las intenciones implícitas de su proyecto. Siguiendo la metodología del Análisis Crítico del Discurso, este trabajo lleva a cabo un estudio de los elementos deícticos ‘otro’, ‘yo’, ‘tú’, ‘nosotros’ inclusivo. Los resultados explican que esta obra historiográfica puede entenderse, gracias a la retórica del autor, más bien como una sutil invitación a la búsqueda colectiva de justicia y armonía entre las culturas andina y occidental.

Botswana Print Media and the Representation of Female Victims of Intimate Partner Homicide: A Critical Discourse Analytical Approach

ABSTRACT Intimate partner homicide (IPH) has become one of the most challenging socio-cultural issues in contemporary Botswana. This paper seeks to examine how female victims of IPH are represented in the Botswana print media. Drawing on data collected from 63 newspaper articles published in four Botswana newspapers between January 2010 and December 2013, the study found that the Botswana print media outlets generally do not represent female victims of IPH in a fair manner as they maintain denigration, degradation and infantilisation of women in their reports. At a macro level, this representation seems to be influenced by an embedded patriarchal ideology. At a micro level, media coverage of intimate femicide tends to sensationalise the causes of passion killings by employing a victim-blaming frame in the representations of the female victims. Using a Critical Discourse Analytical approach, we argue that this mode of media representation does not only maintain the existing gender inequality but also reinforces, perpetuates and naturalises a vicious gender circle. While media reports may have translated the embedded patriarchal ideology to its reporting on the female victims of IPH, we suggest that efforts to achieve gender equality should involve public education including gender-sensitive reporting by public and private print media.

TikTok, Twitter, and Platform-Specific Technocultural Discourse in Response to Taylor Swift’s LGBTQ+ Allyship in ‘You Need to Calm Down’

For most of her career thus far, Taylor Swift’s cultural outputs have remained apolitical, often addressing heteronormative notions of romance, young adult life, and heartbreak. In 2019, Swift broke her politicised silence with ‘You Need to Calm Down’, a track which self-proclaims the artist as an ally to LGBTQ+ communities through her co-option of language historically used to silence marginalised voices, and the inclusion of LGBTQ+-identified celebrities in the accompanying music video. Through a critical technocultural discourse analysis (CTDA) approach, and incorporating digital ethnography, this article examines and compares the multimodal response to ‘You Need to Calm Down’ on TikTok and Twitter. CTDA multimodal analysis is utilised as a method to ascertain both the cultural situatedness of the track, its reception through digital spaces, and also how that reception is connected to the conventions of each platform. Through an analysis of over 20,000 tweets utilising the #YouNeedToCalmDown hashtag, and over 100 TikTok videos based on the track, I examine platform-specific discourse: the de-politicised mimetic creativity of TikTok in comparison to the more hegemonic interpretations found on Twitter. Discussion is organised around three themes of response to ‘You Need to Calm Down’: online communities and ambient affiliations, performative allyship, and cancel culture.

The Application of Schneider’s Critical Discourse Analysis Framework for a Study of Spirituality in Nursing

Using a critical discourse analysis approach in analyzing data is useful in exploring meanings and the wider social, political, and historical context of the meanings. However, analyzing data using a critical discourse analysis approach can be difficult and complex. Hence there is a need for well-defined explicit approaches for discourse analysts to follow. The aim of this paper was to explore a clearly explained framework as a method for data analysis in a study investigating spirituality in nursing. Schneider’s method provided the researcher with such a clearly structured framework underpinned by critical discourse analysis that was used in the analysis of a series of interviews conducted with Australian registered nurses involved in the development of practice standards and those applying them in clinical practice. Schneider’s work steps provided a means of applying Fairclough’s and Chilton’s approaches to critical discourse analysis in a systematic and efficient manner to the analysis of the interview texts. The application of this method enabled the generation of findings that revealed the participants’ discursive constructions of spirituality.

Media, Gender, Politics and Evolving Mentalities: A Discursive Construction of Female Emergence in Cameroonian Newspapers

Many feminist media studies tend to show that media’s contribution to the relegation of women to second position. Some even present the media play role in silencing women in the society. Contrary those publications, this paper demonstrates that, despite the patriarchal pressure, Cameroonian newspapers have enhanced female gender visibility in 2013. Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis (FCDA) as theory helps us to examine how speakers use language to represent, construct and/or negotiate meanings and values on gender. As method of data analysis, we have used the Socio cognitive Approach of Critical Discourse Analysis; it posits that our discourses reflect mental constructs to analyse discursive strategies used on articles. Essentially qualitative, the analysis centres on three main arguments supporting the idea of discursive progressive feminist visibility in politics in Cameroonian media. Firstly the reproduction of international discourses imposing women in politics; secondly, the necessity of women to fight for equity in political context is presented using linguistic strategies; and thirdly, the construction of female participation in public life as a source of hope for change. We concluded that these discursive strategies have contributed to the numerical increase of women in the political sphere during the 2013 senatorial, parliamentary and municipal elections. Although these changes are not yet strong enough, what has been achieved is a step forward to implement gender sensitivity in news reported to citizens. Women are discursively better constructed in media, and the visible effect of the said construction is that more opportunities are given to them as decision-makers.

Parental Engagement and Sustainable Learning in Primary Schools: Perspectives of Parents and School Heads in Rural Primary Schools in Zimbabwe

This article explores parents and school heads’ understanding of parental engagement as a precursor for sustainable learning by children in rural primary schools in Zimbabwe. The article forms part of a larger study on parental engagement for enhancing sustainable learning in rural primary schools. It sought to provide answers to the central question: What is the conceptualisation of parental engagement in enhancing sustainable learning in rural primary schools? The study adopted a qualitative research approach and was informed by Epstein’s theory of parental engagement. Data were collected by use of Focus Group Discussions and face-to-face interviews, and were analysed following Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis approach. The key finding in this study is that, whilst parents and school heads shared the view that parental engagement was key to sustainable learning, conceptualisation of what this practice entails differs significantly between these stakeholders in education. Whereas school heads’ perspective of parental engagement centres on parents as facilitators and financiers of education, parents understand parental engagement as involving, controlling and monitoring the work activities of both school heads and teachers up and above their resourcing and facilitation roles. In fact, parents felt they should also play an oversight role. Clearly, findings from this study contribute to scholarship by elaborating on existing knowledge and by adding new insights into existing literature on parental engagement and sustainable learning by children.

Website Representations of Saudi Universities in Makkah Region: A Critical Discourse Analysis Approach

Universities utilize language as a powerful tool to influence people’s perceptions. By employing language as a means of information and representation, electronic websites are becoming increasingly important for both universities and students. There are unanswered questions related to the portrayal of Saudi universities through the use of linguistic representation on their websites and the contribution of these websites to understanding the overlapping factors that reinforce academic practices within the Saudi social structure. This study compares and analyses the various discourses that are used to represent Saudi universities on their websites in terms of social constructs (e.g., gender and race). To that end, critical discourse analysis (CDA) is utilized to describe, analyse, and interpret the textual and visual representations of five Saudi university websites at the local, institutional and societal levels. The results indicate that the universities use a common systematic promotional discourse to represent themselves, emphasizing prestige and uniqueness. This finding means that universities are in control of the informational message with which their viewers interact. Moreover, terms such as “leaders”, “Vision 2030”, “distinguished education” and “competent” frequently appear without further explanations, thus triggering uncertainty. The findings also suggest that the websites lack diversity in their representation of gender, race and economic status. The descriptive analysis reveals limited textual content providing viewers with cursory information about important topics such as registration, academic majors, campus and financial aid. Furthermore, the acknowledgement of underrepresented individuals is highly asserted by embracing and promoting diversity. This study recommends that these institutions should focus on the quality level of information and areas of strength rather than quantity. Furthermore, they need to employ their mission statements to generate realistic directions and purposes that are tailored to society’s needs.

СПОСОБЫ КОНСТРУИРОВАНИЯ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ В НЕОФИЦИАЛЬНОМ ЮРИДИЧЕСКОМ ДИСКУРСЕ

The article examines means for constructing identities in legal informal discourse on Internet memes corpus. The aim of our research is to establish the regularities in the ways of identity constructions through the categorical oppositions and the stylistic means. The background of the research is the socio-constructionist and critical discourse-analysis approaches. We applied a methodology that integrates two approaches: a critical discourse analysis, as well as methods of humour analysis developed within the framework of a semantic approach to humour based on scripts (Script-based Semantic Theory of Humour (SSTH)). This involved identifying the subject positions based on linguistic and contextual analysis; examination of universal ways of how identities are expressed in informal legal discourse. The focus of our analysis was on the stylistic means that implement a certain way of professional identity construction. Our analysis indicated that identities appear fragmentary and are constructed with the means of different discourses; the central one is the professional legal, which is compared or contrasted to everyday discourse, informal, advertising and even “mom’s” discourse. The list of linguistic resources varies from legal terminology and neutral vocabulary to colloquial and thieves’ and mothers’ slang and invective vocabulary. The study expands the field of knowledge about the ways, stylistic and linguistic means of constructing professional identity through various possibilities of discursive subjects positioning.

Constructing user participation for disabled people—the Norwegian context

The question raised in the article is how user participation and similar terms have been construed in policy for disabled people since the terms were introduced. The empirical base is Norwegian policy documents dealing specifically with policies relating to disabled people from the mid-1960s to the present. The study is based on a critical discourse analytical approach. The dominant discourses are characterised as ‘varying discourses of democracy’. The discourses can be seen as illustrating mutual trust between citizens and the state in the Nordic welfare model. However, the harmony between citizens and the state is not necessarily sufficient to elicit great changes in political practices. The Nordic countries’ reputation of ‘being number one’ in deinstitutionalisation and independent living might also conceal problems such as inflexible systems and the imbalance of power, whereby the control of services lies with the system and the professionals, not the users. Points of interest The article analyses how user participation have been construed in policy documents for disabled people. Norwegian policy documents from the mid-1960s to present is the empirical base. The study is based on critical discourse analysis. The dominant discourses is characterised as varying discourses of democracy. The apparent harmony between the citizens and the state might conceal that the control lies with the system and the professionals, not the users.

Representation of Subaltern Identity: A Study of Othering in Sea of Poppies

The present study is designed to explore the identity construction/reconstruction in Sea of Poppies. It is investigated in the backdrop of postcolonial theory. Norman Faircloughs Three-dimensional approach of critical discourse analysis is used to examine the construction and reconstruction of different types of (us/them) identities in the colonial era reflected in Sea of Poppies. The analysis deals with the descriptive dimension of Critical Discourse Analysis and discusses discourse as a text that investigates the functional linguistic elements of the overall narrative construction (identity construction/reconstruction) as a counter-discourse to power. It analyzes the identity construction on two levels of representation that is the relation between conversational participant/reader and text/discourse and the expressive which unveils attitudes and ideologies the study sheds light on the way the colonizers defined the other subjects just to define themselves as superior by associating the positive attributes to “us” and negative attributes to “them” thus made them peripheral other subjects.

Critical Discourse Analysis: The Knowledge Power Presented by Scholar in Creating Research Article

This study was aimed to analyse the background study on research article and put the argumentation based on the theory about critical discourse analysis related to social cognition theory. Furthermore, the researcher wanted to compare 2 article in critical discourse analysis approach. This method on this study is descriptive qualitative which is presented in the positivist views. Then the result was generalized in the relation on finding and discussion with the theory. In summary, the result showed the different ways in giving the power of the argumentation and explanation between RA1 and RA2. In conclusion, the power of argument used will lead the reader to ignore or accept on how it is become valid statement or not.
 Keywords: Social Cognition, Critical Discourse Analysis, Background Study

Analisis Wacana Kritis Model Teun A.Van Dijk pada Surat Kabar Online dengan Tajuk Kilas Balik Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh Akibat Pandemi Covid-19

This study aimed to describe the Teun A Van Dijk's model text's dimensions in online news text discourse on Kompas.com Newspaper with the headline "Flashback to Distance Learning due to the Covid-19 Pandemic" on September 3, 2020. This study's data were speech and dialogue on the online media kompas.com, while the data source for the online newspaper kompas.com is in the form of news texts about distance learning flashbacks due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Data The data collection methods and techniques used the documentation method with the observation and note technique. In contrast, the data analysis method used the content analysis method with the Teun A Van Dijk model of critical discourse analysis approach. The results of this study indicate that the dimensions of Teun A Van Dijk's text consist of three parts, namely the superstructure, macro-structure, and microstructure measurements. The superstructure dimension is about coherence and schematic of text. The macrostructure dimension discusses thematic/topics, namely examining flashbacks or evaluating the implementation of the distance learning policy announced by the Indonesian Minister of Education and Culture. The measurements of the microstructure that found in background elements, details, intentions, presuppositions, sentence form (passive and active sentences), coherence (additive/addition coherence, causal coherence, and contrast coherence), pronouns (their pronouns and us), lexicon, graphics, and metaphors (figure of speech).

The Critical Discourse Analysis on Pornography News of “V Garut” at TribunJabar.id Online Media

The emergence of pornography cases that had gone viral on social media with the tagline "V Garut" shocked the public because the act was committed by a woman and several men. The female suspect claimed that this act was done because of coercion and pressure that the male suspect had put on her. The research aims to explain the level of text, social cognition and social context of the pornography news of "V Garut" on the online media of TribunJabar.id. The research used a qualitative descriptive method with the theoretical approach of critical discourse analysis by Teun A. Van Dijk. Data collection techniques used observation, interviews, and documentation. The research object was related to the news of "V Garut" on the online media TribunJabar.id with two informants. The results of research at the text level in the elements of macrostructures, superstructures and microstructures explain the existence of a discourse indicating an unfavourable situation such as violence and marginalization on the role of "V Garut". Journalists’ social cognition tends to judge this case as “unique” phenomenon, not focusing on a social issue that must be addressed in society. Based on the analysis of the social context of this news, it can be seen that there is a powerful practice of the media and the authority’s access in reporting the “V Garut” case. Keywords: Critical discourse analysis, pornography, social cognition, social context, text.

Konsolidasi Demokrasi Melalui Liga Santri Nusantara

Penelitian ini mengulas relasi antara organisasi masyarakat sipil/civil society organization (CSO) dengan pemerintah dalam upaya memperkuat praktik demokrasi. Tujuan telaah itu untuk memperlihatkan bahwa CSO dan pemerintah telah berkolaborasi dalam konsolidasi demokrasi melalui pembangunan olahraga. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis wacana kritis. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa Liga Santri Nusantara (LSN) merupakan bentuk pembinaan potensi olahraga bagi para santri di Tanah Air. Selain itu, kompetisi sepak bola itu juga menjadi sarana bagi Rabithah Ma’ahid Islamiah Nahdlatul Ulama (RMI NU) dan Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) untuk berpartisipasi dalam konsolidasi demokrasi di Indonesia. Penyelenggaraan LSN menjadi bentuk dari konsolidasi demokrasi di Indonesia dalam tiga aspek penting. Pertama, konsolidasi itu berlangsung dalam aspek partisipasi terhadap perumusan kebijakan penyelenggaraan LSN, kedua dalam hal implementasi kebijakan penyelenggaraan LSN, dan ketiga dalam pembentukan saluran aspirasi bagi RMI NU dan NU. Konsolidasi demokrasi itu menyisakan hambatan dan tantangan setelah dalam pelaksanaan LSN terdapat miskoordinasi dan misadministrasi. Partisipasi CSO dalam program pembangunan pemerintah ternyata tidak serta-merta berperan penting bagi konsolidasi demokrasi. Partisipasi CSO yang sesuai dengan regulasi dan kewenangan justru menempati kedudukan lebih penting daripada sekadar keterlibatan yang malah melemahkan praktik demokrasi di Tanah Air.