Critical Discourse Analysis Approach Research Articles

Penerapan Digital Content #CiptakanKebaikan sebagai Bentuk Promosi pada Platform Tiktok

Tiktok is a social media that now has the potential to promote products ranging from goods, services, or information that can be delivered quickly. The context of communication teaches several important roles including about 'messages', how good message content will bring up a person's responsive attitude, so that messages in the realm of promotion on the Tiktok platform are to show content ideas in visual form. Problems or social phenomena regarding visual violence or cyberbullying are a form of shared unrest, so the Ministry of Information and Communication (KOMINFO) collaborates with Tiktok to promote a #CiptakanKebaikan campaign to provide understanding and create digital forms of conversation in the current era. This study uses a qualitative method where researchers see how this campaign is formed so as to form a Digital Literacy. The researcher uses the Critical Discourse Analysis approach as an accurate form to reflect on how the analysis is built in the campaign. The researcher analyzed the entire content regarding #CiptakanKebaikan to see how the implementation of this campaign could be utilized by Tiktok social media and the implications of that content for building Digital Literacy. The results of the research show that there are three content used in the #CiptakanKebaikan campaign including storytelling, sharing, and experience.

A Critical Discourse Analysis of The Use of Modal Verbs in Former Prime Minister Speech During Covid-19

This article is an effort at looking at critical discourse analysis strategies and modality use in a speech text by Tan Sri Dato’ Muhyiddin Yassin, the eighth Prime Minister of Malaysia. This research hopes to explain how discourse is part of a social process, and to show that the social process can be explained with a systematic and critical discourse analysis approach. A nation leader’s speech can be meaningful and highlight his actions to the public. In the Malaysian context, a leader’s speech transcript is usually used as a main reference to better understand how the discourse is used by leaders to influence or deliver their ideologies to the people. This research will study the use of modality to identify or highlight the speaker’s intentions that is contained within the discourse. Modality helps in identifying discourse functions and illustrates how power is hidden within discourse. In this case, the critical discourse analysis theoretical framework is used to explore complex social issues in a leader’s discourse in order to examine power relationships and how it is applied within the economical, sociological and political context. The critical discourse analysis introduced by Norman Fairclough (1995) will be applied in this research. The analysis will follow the three dimensional framework which is the text, discourse practice, and sociocultural practice analyses. This research will use the Covid 19 Special Address by YAB Tan Sri Dato Muhyiddin Yassin, Prime Minister of Malaysia, as data in examining a nation leader’s discourse practices. Findings showed that the new government utilizes the power of language or discourse by using modality in delivering messages, fulfilling intentions, and gathering support to reinforce political power.

CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF ONLINE MEDIA NEWS: MINISTRY OF RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS BANNING ARABIC LANGUGE

The purpose of this research was to describe the micro, mezzo, and macro linguistic aspects of the news discourse ‘Ministry of Religious Affairs banning Arabic language’ on Tempo.co and Republika online media. The news topic has emerged a polemic among the madrasas or Islamic school environments. It is because there are a lot of Indonesian muslim children study at the schools. This research applied descriptive-qualitative method with critical discourse analysis (CDA) approach. The analysis was divided into three dimensions, namely the micro, mezzo, and macro. From the microdimension, in Tempo news, there were found four data of modalities and each two for positive evaluation sentences and assertive verbs. Meanwhile, in Republika, there are two data of modalities and only one from each metaphor and negative evaluation sentence. In the mezzodimension, the scope of Tempo's discourse is not only restricted to the issue on the prohibition of using Arabic language but also of using hijabs or veils. On the other hand, the news of Republika focuses on the banning of Arabic language without associating it to another case. In the macrodimension, both news texts show an alignment to the government, particularly Ministry of Religious Affairs.

SUARA PEREMPUAN DALAM LAGU PADUAN SUARA DIALITA

<p>The women, who survived the 1965 tragedy and had been political prisoners because they were thought to have ties to the Indonesian Communist Party, had been silenced for a long time. Those female survivors then spoke through songs in the Dialita Choir. What they do is a form of women’s writing which is an attempt to include women in historical narratives. This study aims to analyze their act as a form of feminine writing that can be seen through the lyrics of a song sung by the Dialita Choir. The lyrics from the Dialita Choir are treated as text. The analysis in this study uses a feminist perspective with a critical discourse analysis approach. This study found that written songs became a coping mechanism for them while being arrested.</p>

Evolving discourses of COVID-19 and implications for medical education: a critical discourse analysis.

The othering of individuals has been identified as a concern during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to examine public commentary during early stages of the pandemic for: 1) emerging discourses that highlighted population-level inequities, and 2) the implications these discourses may have for medical education. Using a critical discourse analysis (CDA) approach, an archive of texts available in the public domain discussing COVID-19 was iteratively created, reviewed, and coded. We used an intersectional framework to analyze how COVID-19 highlighted structural and institutional inequity at the population level. We found 86 representative texts published from March to June 2020. We focused our analysis on implications within Ontario. The two major discourses that emerged were "COVID-19 as Equalizer" and "COVID-19 as Discriminator." The former emerged in the early stages of the pandemic to mobilize public health recommendations and describe near-universal impacts on the public. The latter followed to highlight new and pre-existing forms of marginalization exacerbated by the pandemic. This study provides a unique perspective on how structural and systemic responses to COVID-19 were shaped through analysis of public discourse, and therefore, has implications for how the COVID-19 pandemic and future pandemics are framed for future medical learners.

Islam Nusantara dan Diskursus Politik: Analisis Wacana Kritis Berita di CNN Indonesia

This paper reports on textual analysis research of three news media stories published by CNN Indonesia (cnninodenesia.com) in 2019 pertaining to Islam Nusantara and politics, using a critical discourse analysis approach proposed by Teun A. Van Dijk. Findings reveal that in the political context of Islam Nusantara (Islam of the Archipelago) discourse offers solutions to prevent conflict, tragedy, and violence in the name of religion. Further, it is also found that the political situation in Indonesia, which was rife with religious issues and increased intolerance, made Islam Nusantara dragged into the political sphere. This is because Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (The National Awakening Party/PKB) which was historically born from the womb of the Nahdlatul Ulama was one of the ruling coalition parties.

A Critical Discourse Study on Meghan and Harry’s CBS Primetime Interview

This study focuses on Meghan and Harry’s narratives in the CBS Primetime interview with Oprah Winfrey where they highlighted the issues they faced before moving to America. During the interview, the couple raised several bombshells ranging from the lack of freedom, to Archie’s royal title and security, racism, and the lack of support and guidance from the Royal Family, which negatively portrayed the Royal Family and British tabloids. Using van Dijk’s ideological square model and its discursive strategies as a framework, this study examines how the Duke and Duchess of Sussex linguistically construct the self-other representations that are evident in their interview via critical discourse analysis and narrative inquiry approach. Findings show that the couple most commonly employed discursive strategies such as victimisation, vagueness, disclaimers, comparisons, evidentiality, hyperbole, history as a lesson, generalisation, pseudo-ignorance, implications, distancing, openness, and polarisation of us versus them. In doing so, they represented themselves as positive, while portraying the British tabloids and the Royal Family as the negative-other. Consequently, the use of language in this interview narrative may legitimise the Duke and Duchess of Sussex while suppress the Royal family and British tabloids. This paper is timely as it is only through in-depth analysis of the linguistic features that we are able to unveil ideological presupposition and biases underlying the interview. It also serves to educate the public that there is always more than one side to a story. Therefore, we should avoid having any biases or ideological presupposition towards anyone in any event before the truth is revealed from both sides.

‘Defending Religious Rights’: The Critical Analysis of Religious Minority Discourse in Indonesia

Freedom of religion, as the main part of human rights, has been one of the main discourses in traditional and modern Indonesia. However, its current development reveals that such a freedom is still far from its final agreement, especially in guaranteeing the religious right of minority. By using the approach of Critical Discourse Analysis (henceforth CDA), this article investigates the religious freedom discourse as defended and disseminated by one of the NGOs in Indonesia, namely the Setara Institute, to identify how the Indonesia Ahmadiyya sect is discursively discriminated against. The study is carried out by analysing multiple texts in various genres produced and disseminated by this NGO when defending the Ahmadiyya minority sect. The sect has been the target of religious discrimination and violent attacks perpetrated by Islamic majority groups in the country. The data used in this study are annual reports, books, interviews, and public debates. The analysis reveals that freedom of religion is still not properly established and Ahhamdiyya followers are not treated equally both in religious or political matters. This can be seen in four discourse constructions, namely discourses of democracy, unrestricted freedom of religion, impartiality and the weakness of leadership.

A Critical Discourse Analysis of Women’s Silence amongst the Banyakitara

The Banyakitara cultures today bring together the Banyankore, Bakiga, Banyoro, and Batooro people of Western Uganda. These are modern era Bantu remnants of the ancient Bunyoro-Kitara kingdom which at the height of its expansion, extended from the Karagwe area in Tanzania to the northern shores of Lake Kyoga. Among the Banyakitara, the women were typically assigned a subordinate status in the home and they in turn were inclined to use their silence for expressing submission, consent, indifference, and objection according to each situation. Based on the foregoing, the overall objective of this qualitative study which is based on conversational interviews was to interpret women’s silence among the Banyakitara, with a focus on the Banyankore- Bakiga. This overall objective was supported by specific ones aimed at investigating the linguistic, cultural, and ideological significance of women’s silence using the Critical Discourse Analysis approach. In the final part, the researcher also applied the African Feminist Framework to gauge whether women’s silence is a projection of the muting of their voices and whether public silence has private outlets within the power relations framing gendered discourse among the Banyakitara

The Politics of Mother Tongue Education in Ethiopia

This study uncovers controversies about the use of mother tongue as a medium of instruction in Ethiopia. It examines motives for the use of the mother tongue as a medium of instruction at the elementary level, and on which grounds the rights of minority linguistic groups to be instructed in their mother tongue are overlooked. To this effect, data were gathered from government language policy-related documents as well as 28 purposefully selected key informants through in-depth interviews. The data were analysed through a critical discourse analysis approach. Data showed that the government uses mother-tongue education for political motives and has the power to put its political interests into practice without conducting any societal needs assessments. On the other hand, the government lacks commitment to putting its language-use ideology into practice. It has used only some of the languages as mediums of instruction, with the result that many children of minority groups are not learning their daily lessons effectively. The study recommends that the government should confirm the right to learn through mother-tongue instruction at an elementary level to benefit children so that they can enjoy the opportunities of learning in their languages.

Legitimation Strategies in Political Rhetoric: Examples From Presidential Speeches on Covid-19

Heads of states are currently focusing on containing the spread of the coronavirus pandemic-commonly called Covid-19, and grappling with a series of strategies for addressing the pandemic. Political discourse concerning Covid-19 can be examined to better understand the ideology of the speaker and its impact on the audience. In this paper, we use Van Leeuwen’s (2007) and Van Leeuwen and Wodak’s (1999) legitimation strategies that social actors use to justify courses of action/political decisions in a critical discourse analysis approach. Drawing on presidential speeches specifically made by Donald Trump (USA) and Xi Jinping (China), this paper elucidates how legitimation strategies are linguistically constituted and fashioned to justify the leaders’ particular policy decisions and actions for controlling and containing the spread of the coronavirus pandemic, thus achieving their political goals.

A Corpus-Based Comparison of the Chief Executive Officer Statements in Annual Reports and Corporate Social Responsibility Reports.

This study presents a corpus-based comparison of the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) statements between annual reports and corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports. Using a corpus of 209 CEO statements from annual reports and CSR reports of Chinese companies, this study employs the Discourse-Historical Approach of critical discourse analysis to investigate the nomination strategies and key topics in these two related reports. The results showed that corporate leaders tend to have different priorities in annual reports and CSR reports. In annual reports, corporate leaders highlight the economic and pragmatic concerns of stakeholders to create a professionally capable and objective corporate image. In CSR reports, corporate leaders highlight the ethical concerns of stakeholders to create a socially responsible corporate image and adopt a more engaging and affiliative voice through the use of first-person pronouns. This study has significance in understanding the differences in the related genres of annual reports and CSR reports for the stakeholders.

FAKE NEWS & HATE SPEECH: A Colloquium Report

Nigeria, the proverbial giant of Africa, has in recent times, been beset with the politics of paternalism which has translated into heightened consciousness in ethnic nationalism and extremist immoderation, all too manifest in the now very dominant paradigm of fake news and hate speech. Amidst this threatening state of confusion, the nation-state witnesses its highest level of polarization among the citizenry and records a harvest of kidnappings, abductions, raping and ritual killings, all of which the government blames on fake news and hate speech. 
 As part of its contribution in the attempt to mitigate and possibly proffer a solution to the twin monsters of fake news and hate speech, the Olusegun Obasanjo Centre for African Studies (OOCAS) at the National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) Abuja organized a one-day Colloquium on Fake News and Hate Speech. This report, therefore, is a descriptive analysis that highlights the culture of impunity with which political elites incite and polarize the citizenry, especially on the contentious issues of religion and ethnicity.
 The paper applies the critical discourse analysis approach to evaluate the colloquium proceedings - the views, positions and propositions of discussants/participants and the ensuing communiqué that fake news and hate speech are largely products of mainstream and social media; with governments and political elites as the main culprits who exploit the volatile issues of religion, politics and ethnicity to polarize and incite.
 The paper concludes with nine communiqué recommendations including, that the mass media, especially the mainstream media, should invest more in the practice of investigative journalism and Nigeria’s governments, in general, should provide good governance, equity and justice to the citizenry; that, participants and discussants believe will curb the menace of fake news and hate speech.

Back to the future, recovering the past: a critical discourse analysis of the terms ‘democracy’ and ‘direct democracy’ in the speeches of the Rassemblement National and the Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs

ABSTRACT In France, the Rassemblement National and, in Austria, the Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs aim to ‘recover’, ‘restore’ or ‘protect’ democracy. In this article, I will study their use of the term ‘democracy’ by focusing on its temporal dimension. Their discourse tells a story, that of a glorious past which should be revived. Adopting a critical discourse analysis approach, I will answer the following questions: what kind of temporality is conveyed by the term ‘democracy’?, and, if ‘democracy’ is perceived as a ‘lost world’, then what vision do those politicians who support the ideology of the two political parties have of tomorrow’s ‘democracy’? I would maintain that whilst right-wing populist parties present themselves as agents of a democratic renewal, their vision of ‘democracy’ remains traditional, i.e. essentially representative and vertical. The term ‘direct democracy’ is limited to particular subjects linked to the nativist ideology of right-wing populist parties (the EU, immigration, international agreements) and these parties are critical of electoral reforms or new forms of participation.

A critical exploration of inclusion policies of elite UK universities

AbstractInclusion is seen as an ethical obligation, grounded in notions of equity and social justice for all groups and at all stages of education, with higher education (HE) representing a distinctive space where the inclusion agenda is becoming more influential. However, inclusion is also increasingly recognised as an ambiguous concept that might have lost its critical edge and is in many cases reduced to ‘chatter’. To explore inclusion in this context, we analysed 48 policy documents from the websites of the 24 Russell Group Universities (the ‘elite’, research‐intensive, UK universities) using a critical discourse analysis approach. We found that inclusion was rarely defined clearly, and that tensions, complexity and pedagogical implications of inclusion were not discussed. Inclusion was also related to excellence and ideas about a ‘global university’ that are central to a university’s reputation and ability to attract international students and staff. We see three ways in which these findings are significant: the way inclusion was approached in the policy documents could largely be described as managerial/legalistic, seen as the responsibility of human resources; inclusion was perceived as an act of legal compliance that was also expected to influence everyday relationships – but without an explanation of how this could happen; and inclusion was discussed together with broader debates within HE, e.g. meritocracy, but without a critical reflection on what this means. We, thus, argue that universities should resist treating inclusion as a quality and performance index and recognise that inclusion is linked to the very purposes of HE.

The contemporary challenges municipalities face in effectively implementing municipal service partnerships

In South Africa, Municipal Service Partnerships (MSPs) have been in existence afore the global breakout of COVID-19 Pandemic as an essential mechanism to expand and accelerate municipal service delivery in the local government sphere. However, once the National Lockdown (NL) was put in place by the state president Cyril Ramaphosa on the 26 of March 2020, many South African municipalities were and still are pushed to look for assistance from their partners in the private sector in order to help with addressing the challenges, imposed by the pandemic, especially, service delivery backlogs. Municipalities are entering into service contracts with the private sector for the provision of basic services that are deemed essential in terms of the National Lockdown Regulations (NLRs). In curbing the spread of the virus in the communities, municipalities extended their effort by commonly cooperating with private partners. For instance, most municipalities went to an extend of collaborating with private partners and other government agencies like Rand Water for the provision of water and water tanks at different schools and communities across the provinces and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), namely masks and hand sanitisers. Methodologically, this is a conceptual paper that is embedded from secondary data. The secondary data was analysed through the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) approach. The article argues that South African municipalities and their MSPs are faced with huge challenges more than ever. It also argues that private partners have been long-standing with a commitment to serve communities on behalf of the government and that now includes partnering with the government in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. The call by President Ramaphosa has been noted for increased partnerships, solidarity, collaboration and the sharing of knowledge and experience to fight the pandemic, poverty, service delivery backlogs and social injustice. The paper concludes by offering feasible solutions to curb the challenges, faced by MSPs and service delivery backlogs.

Multiculturalism in media representation

AbstractThis study explores the issue of multiculturalism in China’s journalism practice through the analysis of news coverage on the Sino-US trade war inChina Daily(CD) and theSouth China Morning Post(SCMP). Following a corpus-based critical discourse analysis approach, the study compares thematic dimensions as well as recurring semantic patterns associated with them that denote two newspapers’ evaluative positioning. The findings reveal that CD’s reporting seems to be nationalistic-centric with overly positive representation of China’s practices and policies, while SCMP’s representation is multiculturalism-oriented with the representation of multiple discourses and articulation of competing and diversified viewpoints towards the evaluation of China’s market access and economic reform. The study concludes by recommending China’s official media practice continues to explore a multiculturalism approach to build dialogues with the international community in tandem with efforts made in promoting political, economic and cultural power.

An Analysis of The Exclusion and Inclusion Processes of Reynhard Sinaga Case’s in Tribunnews.Com

The purpose of this study is to find out how are the exclusion and inclusion processes ofReynhard Sinaga case in Tribunnews.com.This study used a qualitative descriptive method withthe approach of critical discourse analysis from Theo van Leeuwen to describe how the socialactors are portrayed in the news. The source of data of this study was taken from 10 ReynhardSinaga’s news in a Tribunnews.com. dated the February 1th to February 30th, 2020. There areninety data in Reynhard Sinaga's news containing Exclusion and Inclusion processes. The findingof this research were found three strategies of Exclusion process in the Reynhard Sinaga’s newsnamely Passivation, Nominalization and Substitution of clause and seven strategies of Inclusionprocess, namely Differentiation - Indifferentiation, Objectivation - Abstraction, Nomination -Categorization, Nomination - Identification, Determination - Indetermination, Assimilation -Individualization, Association - Dissociation. The most dominant strategy of Exclusion processfound is Passivation with 9%, and for the most dominant strategies of Inclusion process found areobjectivation – abstraction and determination - indetermination with 23%. The writer would like tooffer the suggestion to students of English department to enrich their knowledge in understandingthe process of exclusion and inclusion when writing, to lecturer, for teaching materials for studentsin order to better understand the use of the Exclusion & Inclusion process strategy and its effectsand journalists, and news writers to be able to write news accurately and with certainty withouteliminating one of the social actors and presenting social actors as they are so as not to have anegative effect on readers and society.

Democracy, the West and the Crisis of the Arab World: Arab Intellectuals of Al-Jazeera.net as Drivers of Change

This paper analyzes the opinions, arguments, and topics in the writings of a diverse group of Arab intellectuals contributed to the Al Jazeera website during the period preceding the Arab uprisings of 2011. The intellectuals addressed prevalent social, economic and political problems in the Arab world and responded to dichotomies such as democracy versus authoritarianism, the Arab world versus the West, and revivalist versus moderate interpretations of Islam. Based on a Critical Discourse Analysis approach (Fairclough & Wodak, 1997; Reisigl & Wodak, 2009), a corpus of 57 articles published between 2008 and 2010 was compiled. The analysis shows that four topics underpinned these writings and provided a programmatic agenda for change. Lamenting the abysmal conditions in the Arab world, criticizing Western hegemony over the region, calling for democracy, and advocating a moderate form of Islam loomed large in their writings. This paper emphasizes the disruptive and transformative power of online media through which these reformist writers acted as drivers of change seeking reform and change in the Arab world.

Discipline and resistance in the representation of motherhood: postpartum recovery discussion on Xiaohongshu

ABSTRACT This study analyzes the dominant discourses around postpartum recovery and mothers’ responses to them on Xiaohongshu, a popular social media platform in China. From a Foucauldian point of view, this study follows the approach of critical discourse analysis and conducts the analysis based on 300 posts about postpartum recovery. The results reveal that mothers relinquish the control of their own postpartum body to authoritative knowledge. The unattainable goal of girlishness for mothers propagates narrow visions of what a “normal” postpartum body should be by spreading the before-versus-after templates. Moreover, the dominant discourses are legitimated and penetrated by the mutually dependent and reinforcing moral regulations of the second shift (childcare) and third shift (bodywork). Therefore, mothers would internalize these discourses unconsciously, conduct better self-surveillance through quantified self-report data and invited surveillance in group settings, and pursue a docile postpartum body. This study also explores platform power in cultural production by delineating the new motherhood imaginary on the social media platform. This imaginary unpacks the competing realities of home, work, and self-care for mothers in contemporary China and extends the understanding of the new third shift bodywork as mothers’ neoliberal personal responsibilities and an emergent component of motherhood