Systemic Crisis Research Articles

MONETARY AND FISCAL COORDINATION IN UKRAINE AND ITS IMPACT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF MARITAL STATE

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policy instruments, to determine the level of influence of monetary and fiscal factors on economic growth, as well as to justify ways for improving the effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policy coordination. Insufficient coordination of monetary and fiscal policies entails devastating economic consequences. The critical analysis of scientific publications proved that today the coordination of monetary and fiscal policies depends on the degree of balanced regulation of interest rates and inflation control. The research uses a NARDL model to capture mainstream trends in the influence of monetary and fiscal factors, as well as in the empirical study of their coordination. According to the estimations it was established that the weighted average rate of NBU instruments is absorbed to a greater extent in the monetary component of coordination, the system of managing the internal public debt – in the fiscal component. The participation of monetary authorities in the management of the national internal debt remains a debatable issue today. It is proved that the process of coordination of monetary and fiscal policies is influenced by the state of Ukraine’s economy during the war.Despite the difficult political and economic situation in Ukraine, it is necessary to focus on improving the coordination of monetary and fiscal policies. In particular, the significant contribution of the NBU in financing the state budget deficit due to their purchase of government bonds needs to be resolved. Strengthening the role of macroprudential policy in the coordination of monetary and fiscal policies, one of the goals of which is to counter the emergence of a systemic crisis; formation of a clearly developed coordination strategy, which would be based on clearly defined goals, set tasks on the basis of selected methods and instruments for their achievement.

Confronting Conundrums of Care in College Student Advising

At colleges and universities throughout the United States, academic advisors play a central role in stemming the tide of declining student enrollment and academic underachievement—especially in the wake of academic, physical, emotional, and interpersonal setbacks incurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. For many undergraduates, the mentoring relationship with their academic advisor provides the longest lasting and deepest connection with a faculty or staff member throughout their college experience. Increasingly, the expectations that institutions and students place on academic advisors have escalated far beyond simply guiding course selection and checking fulfillment of graduation requirements. While this more holistic approach to advising can cultivate a greater sense of belonging, it also places the advisors in a precarious position as the parameters of their responsibilities and the extent of caregiving continue to broaden. The ever-expanding expectations of caregiving placed on college academic advisors exemplify how pandemic-informed labor practices across many workplaces inadequately acknowledge caregivers while the care recipients may become overly dependent. This study investigates how advising evolves to become an extrapolation of the caregiving demands socially placed upon women in traditional, patriarchally structured families and workplaces. Using methods derived from critical incident theory that identify systemic crisis points and opportunities for intervention, the authors examine narratives of two women who serve as the lead advisors for their departments in southeastern United States universities. Their narratives delineate two double binds. First, the presumably bottomless reservoir of care demanded from women places nurturance of students in tension with career advancement and other care responsibilities (e.g., self and family). Second, setting boundaries to caregiving may generate accusations of insensitivity, but boundless care can accommodate and encourage learned helplessness among students. The investigation concludes with suggestions to reform institutional policies and build student resilience that equips them to learn independently.

Новое образование для новой России

The problem of new education for today’s Russia is of great importance due to the fact that Russia has withdrawn from the Bologna educational system and is now beginning to form a new national education system. The crisis of liberalism is a manifestation of a new systemic crisis. A new ideology of education based on patriotism, traditional culture and modern achievements of science is required. The paper proposes the main principles of the new ideology and measures of post-market reform of the education system. The subject of the study is the crisis of the Russian education system and the problem of the ideology of teaching humanities. The purpose of the work is to formulate new principles of ideology and directions for the creation of a sovereign national education system in Russia. The stated purpose required the application of a systematic approach to the research. The practical result of the implementation of the methodology of moral-religious neo-institutionalism was the release by INFRA M Publishing House of a series of educational literature - the textbook “Economic Theory. Russian economics” and related textbooks on the philosophy of economy, home economics and methodology of scientific research, united by the subtitle on the moral content of science and economics. The importance of the research is due to the fact that the results obtained open new opportunities for secondary and higher school pedagogy in the light of the creation of a sovereign national system of education in Russia. The novelty of the study lies in the formulation of principles for a new national system of education taking into account the national patriotic ideology.

Palaeogeographic heterogeneity of large-amplitude changes in marine sedimentation rates during the Carnian Pluvial Episode (Late Triassic)

Major environmental changes marked the Carnian (Late Triassic), including global warming and enhanced hydrological cycling linked to multiple carbon cycle perturbations. These perturbations occurred in an interval called the Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE), between the Julian 1–Julian 2 boundary and the base of the Tuvalian 2 (late early to middle late Carnian). The CPE is linked to pronounced changes in terrestrial and marine sedimentary basins, with abrupt switches in the sedimentation style and a widespread crisis of carbonate systems. In this study, we have quantified changes in sedimentation rate and the relative variations in sedimentation rate through well age-constrained successions spanning the CPE in different marine basins. Relative to background (pre-CPE) Julian 1 values, during the CPE interval sedimentation rates rose by 142%–3400% in the Julian 2, and then decreased in the Tuvalian 1 in the marine sequences of Western Tethys and Panthalassa. By contrast, in the successions of Eastern Tethys sedimentation rates dropped by 50%–100% across the CPE interval. In the Western Tethys, the high increases in sedimentation rates were coupled with a shift from prevailing carbonate to siliciclastic sedimentation, but a similar lithological shift is associated with a decrease in sedimentation rates in Eastern Tethys. In Panthalassa, higher Julian 2 sedimentation rates can be linked to mineralogical and geochemical evidence of increased input of aeolian dust under arid environmental conditions. The heterogenous changes in sedimentation rate across different basins/regions during the CPE interval indicate that sedimentation was likely controlled by the interplay of different, sometimes local phenomena such as synsedimentary tectonism, sea-level oscillations and climate. However, they could ultimately be related to palaeogeographically different responses to the pronounced environmental changes implied by the Carnian carbon cycle perturbations.

Macroeconomic determinants of multidimensional risk of Islamic banks across the world

Banking system crises and bank failures can have painful impacts. Being an Islamic Bank is riskier than being a conventional bank. As IBIs risk management emphasizes risk-sharing, conventional banks transfer their risk to borrowers. In our study, we have taken 4 risk factors which are Rate of Return Risk, Operational Risk, Credit Risk and Liquidity Risk, as a proxy of all the risks faced by IBIs and developed a Composite Risk Index using these major risk indicators of Islamic banks. Further, this study has proposed indicators like Size1 for liquid assets and Size2 for fixed assets, as in Islamic banks, there is no concept of money markets. The data for the research was collected from the secondary sources of Islamic banks’ financial statements, the EIKON database and World development indicators. The data for 96 Islamic banks were analyzed. The data was analyzed through Python, R and Stata. This study is instrumental in using the unsupervised machine learning clustering algorithm known as KMeans to estimate the prevalent risk level of the bank by aggregating four-dimensional risk indicators to form a single indicator. Moreover, the study explored macroeconomic determinants i.e., Asymmetric Stock Market, Real Business Cycle (GDP), Regulatory Quality and Economic Globalization of the Composite Risk Index and developed a channel via which it affects the risk level of banks. The results showed that in a country, better regulatory quality, higher fixed assets and economic boom in the business cycle play an important role in reducing the risk level of Islamic banks. This study provides a quantified contribution of Islamic banking to social welfare, compared to focusing on the numbers of risk indicators only and comparing it with fixed boundaries developed for the case other indicators.

Impacto da pandemia do covid-19 no diagnóstico e tratamento do câncer de colo de útero: um estudo retrospectivo brasileiro

The Covid-19 pandemic has represented a crisis in healthcare systems. The impact of its effects on the diagnosis and treatment of incident malignancies, such as cervical cancer, can be evidenced in metrics. Materials and methods: In this cohort, we carried out a retrospective and quantitative comparative analysis of time series, between 2014 and 2022, with the total data of diagnoses and hysterectomies performed for the treatment of malignant cervical neoplasms, through the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). Results: From 2014 to 2022, Brazil recorded 173,300 cases of malignant cervical neoplasms. Increasing trends in the number of annual diagnoses were examined, with a decrease in the pattern between 2019 and 2020, coinciding with the pandemic period. Similarly, the total number of hysterectomies, the main treatment for cervical cancer, was affected. Between 2014 and 2019, an average of 53,652 surgeries were performed annually. However, in 2020 it fell to 30,698 (40.2%) interventions compared to 2019. Conclusion: In the period from 2019 to 2020, there were substantial reductions in the number of procedures coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, the data suggest a delay in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of cervical neoplasms, impacting relevant clinical outcomes and overall survival.

Impacto da pandemia do covid-19 no diagnóstico e tratamento do câncer de colo de útero: um estudo retrospectivo brasileiro

The Covid-19 pandemic has represented a crisis in healthcare systems. The impact of its effects on the diagnosis and treatment of incident malignancies, such as cervical cancer, can be evidenced in metrics. Materials and methods: In this cohort, we carried out a retrospective and quantitative comparative analysis of time series, between 2014 and 2022, with the total data of diagnoses and hysterectomies performed for the treatment of malignant cervical neoplasms, through the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). Results: From 2014 to 2022, Brazil recorded 173,300 cases of malignant cervical neoplasms. Increasing trends in the number of annual diagnoses were examined, with a decrease in the pattern between 2019 and 2020, coinciding with the pandemic period. Similarly, the total number of hysterectomies, the main treatment for cervical cancer, was affected. Between 2014 and 2019, an average of 53,652 surgeries were performed annually. However, in 2020 it fell to 30,698 (40.2%) interventions compared to 2019. Conclusion: In the period from 2019 to 2020, there were substantial reductions in the number of procedures coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, the data suggest a delay in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of cervical neoplasms, impacting relevant clinical outcomes and overall survival.

The Necessity of System Change

In a world of convergent crises, leading voices have called for radical changes to food, financial, and energy systems. However, these fail to account for a deeper systemic crisis: unfettered and accelerating of capital accumulation. In this article, M. Graziano Ceddia and Jacopo Nicola Bergamo provide a more comprehensive narrative, one which emphasizes capital as a social relation—and the potential of the environmental proletariat to dismantle its dominance.

Development of migration processes in the context of transformation of international relations

Introduction. The practical study of migration trends in the modern global economy and the increase in the movement of people has become a key area of research. This subject requires reliable theoretical and methodological support due to the rapid pace of change and the ever-changing socio-economic landscape, as well as the challenges of transforming global relations. In fact, migration processes have always been an integral part of international relations, but the conditions and context of their development are constantly changing. Transformations in international relations caused by political, economic, social, and environmental factors have a particular impact on the direction of migration processes. Therefore, it is necessary to reassess existing approaches to global migration policy, taking into account their impact on the socio-economic development of countries with different socio-economic systems. The purpose of the paper is to identify conceptually new approaches to migration processes and to reveal transformational processes in international economic relations. Results. Migration can be defined as the movement across international borders from or within a place of residence. Migration can be viewed from different perspectives, both in a positive sense (moving in search of a new job or better living conditions) and in a negative sense (fleeing political repression, conflict, violence, natural disasters or human rights violations). In principle, migration involves significant changes in the cultural structures of both the migrant and the host country. In the context of socio-economic instability, the model of the migration process development environment should be based on building the potential of intellectual, human and economic security, justifying the priorities of the national economy in the context of limited resources. Methodological assessments of the migration process environment should determine not only the level of pushing the population abroad and attracting migrants to the destination country, but also the optimal containment of labor and educational migration. Conclusion. The global arena is undergoing a process of transformation of international economic relations, which is caused by the approaching systemic crisis caused by capital overhang. This phenomenon affects every country in the world. In the process of global transformation, in order to maintain relations between countries, it is necessary to reform the migration system. It is important that migration policy is regulated at the international level, so that each state can control its population, labour market and support its economy. It also ensures the rights of foreign workers: working conditions, wages, social protection, and health insurance. The prospect of further research is a statistical analysis of the number of migrants and their impact on the economies of the host countries. This includes analysing the impact of migration on the labour market, economic growth and wealth distribution, socio-cultural impact, political implications, security aspects, and technological innovations.

«THE STATE» AND «LEGALITY» IN THE DISCOURSE OF P.A. STOLYPIN DURING THE REVOLUTIONARY CRISIS OF 1905–1907

The relevance of the research is determined by the need to disclose the political and legal concepts used by P.A. Stolypin during the first Russian Revolution and the beginning of forming the constitutional political system in Russia. Solving this problem makes it possible to better understand the ideas of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers, who played a significant role in developing the government’s reform program during the first Russian Revolution, and assess its compliance with historical time. The novelty of the research lies in studying the influence of historical circumstances on P.A. Stolypin’s ideological design of the course aimed at creating a state governed by the rule of law, as well as at identifying its political values, which determined the main tasks of its activities. The purpose of the study is to study the influence of historical circumstances on the ideological justification of P.A. Stolypin’s state activities during the years of the revolutionary crisis and transformation of the political system in Russia, in the analysis of his political discourse. Materials and methods of the study. The source base of the work was made up of speeches by P.A. Stolypin and deputies of the State Duma in 1906–1907. The work is carried out in the context of the theory of political modernization and the axiological approach, which obliges to identify the system of values that determined the worldview of a historical personality. Study results. In the new Russian historical conditions – the beginning of creating a constitutional state, arbitrariness of left–wing parties, criticism of government policy by Constitutional Democrats – the «healthy forces» in power actualized the task of creating the rule of law, offering their own version of its functioning: representative institutions are engaged in legislative work within their powers and recognize the prerogatives of the emperor. There was there is much concern about the authorities’ choice of means to combat to preserve the statehood and order. In Stolypin’s understanding, the priorities of the government should be to restore order in the interests of all compatriots. He disagreed with the liberals’ view that the government sought to govern on the basis of «exceptional laws,» saying that it was the duty of the authorities to preserve order. The government must fight destructive forces with all measures,» therefore, Stolypin believed, the government can resort to extraordinary means to prevent destruction of statehood and seizure of power by rebels. Conclusions. The formation of the political discourse of the Prime Minister Stolypin was influenced by such historical circumstances as creation of a constitutional political system in 1905–1906, emergence of «healthy forces» in power capable of carrying out reforms, the activities of liberal parties demanding the rule of law, activation of a left-wing radical movement focused on destruction of the existing system. Stolypin thought through and ideologically justified the program, which was based on indisputable national values: integrity and greatness of Russia, strong statehood, legality, welfare and education of people, preservation of culture created by many generations of ancestors. Stolypin’s discourse was defined by the era of transition from autocracy to the rule of law, when a conflict arose between the value system of traditionalists, liberals and radicals. Maneuvering, Stolypin simultaneously formed the ideological foundations of the rule of law and protection of the management system by repressive means.

The COVID-19 Pandemic Through the Environmental Discourse: the State, Civil Society, the Problems of Development

This paper examines the response of political communities to the COVID-19 pandemic. Using methodological approaches such as political globalism, world-system and structural-functional analysis, the author examines the political conditions of nation-states for coping with the pandemic and its consequences. Within this framework, the problem of the systemic crisis of the modern state, the effectiveness of public administration and decision-making systems was also addressed. The focus was on issues of political development, considered in the context of the evolution of democracy, civic political participation, the role of non-governmental organisations and elites, and the relationship between values and goals in the global and national political agenda. The article also touches upon the problem of “infodemics.” The paper concludes with recommendations for adding an environmental component to the concept of national security.

Higher Education, Human Development and Growing Inequality in Pre- and Post-Pandemic Haiti

For almost four decades, Haiti has been engaged in the tenuous process of democratization, exacerbated by political, economic, social, climate, and more recently the COVID-19 crises. With each crisis, efforts are made to reimagine national development and revitalize the public sphere, with limited success. Yet, largely absent from these debates is the higher education sector. We argue that the neglect of higher education since Haiti’s transition from dictatorship to democracy is a result of the nation’s failure to articulate a clear vision for the sector. In this article, we ask: How has the failure to articulate a clear purpose for the higher education sector in Haiti exacerbated the country’s systemic crisis amid the COVID-19 pandemic? In order to answer this question, we provide a sociohistorical examination of the role of power and politics in Haitian higher education beginning in its founding in the 19th century culminating at the time of the pandemic. We explore how the absence of a strategic vision for higher education institutions in Haiti and ad-hoc neoliberal policies have impacted the professoriate and students while impeding the sector’s potential contributions to society in a time characterized by systemic and uninterrupted crises including the COVID-19 pandemic.

STRATEGY AND IMPORTANCE OF DEPOSIT INSURANCE SYSTEM IN GEORGIA

Georgia is a country that has chosen the path of development of European integration and, taking into account European practice and experience, introduced a deposit insurance system in the country at the cost of certain risks. From the point of view of socio-economic development in Georgia, the introduction of the deposit insurance system and its complete formation was related to the strengthening of the financial security system, the protection of depositors and the prevention of systemic crisis in the banking sector.
 The main goal of the paper is to study and analyze the strategy and importance of the deposit insurance system in Georgia and its economic and financial effects, both for the country and for the wide circle of users interested in this system. However, the problem lies in the fact that, despite the sharing of theoretical and practical experiences of various countries of the world, the mentioned issues still require refinement and formation as a final result.

The impact of COVID-19 on young people's mental health, wellbeing and routine from a European perspective: A co-produced qualitative systematic review.

The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on young people's (YP) mental health has been mixed. Systematic reviews to date have focused predominantly on quantitative studies and lacked involvement from YP with lived experience of mental health difficulties. Therefore, our primary aim was to conduct a qualitative systematic review to examine the perceived impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on YP's (aged 10-24) mental health and wellbeing across Europe. We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, MEDRXIV, OSF preprints, Google, and voluntary sector websites for studies published from 1st January 2020 to 15th November 2022. European studies were included if they reported qualitative data that could be extracted on YP's (aged 10-24) own perspectives of their experiences of Covid-19 and related disruptions to their mental health and wellbeing. Screening, data extraction and appraisal was conducted independently in duplicate by researchers and YP with lived experience of mental health difficulties (co-researchers). Confidence was assessed using the Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research (CERQual) approach. We co-produced an adapted narrative thematic synthesis with co-researchers. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021251578. We found 82 publications and included 77 unique studies in our narrative synthesis. Most studies were from the UK (n = 50; 65%); and generated data during the first Covid-19 wave (March-May 2020; n = 33; 43%). Across the 79,491 participants, views, and experiences of YP minoritised by ethnicity and sexual orientation, and from marginalised or vulnerable YP were limited. Five synthesised themes were identified: negative impact of pandemic information and restrictions on wellbeing; education and learning on wellbeing; social connection to prevent loneliness and disconnection; emotional, lifestyle and behavioural changes; and mental health support. YP's mental health and wellbeing across Europe were reported to have fluctuated during the pandemic. Challenges were similar but coping strategies to manage the impact of these challenges on mental health varied across person, study, and country. Short-term impacts were related to the consequences of changing restrictions on social connection, day-to-day lifestyle, and education set-up. However, YP identified potential issues in these areas going forward, and therefore stressed the importance of ongoing long-term support in education, learning and mental health post-Covid-19. Our findings map onto the complex picture seen from quantitative systematic reviews regarding the impact of Covid-19 on YP's mental health. The comparatively little qualitative data found in our review means there is an urgent need for more high-quality qualitative research outside of the UK and/or about the experiences of minoritised groups to ensure all voices are heard and everyone is getting the support they need following the pandemic. YP's voices need to be prioritised in decision-making processes on education, self-care strategies, and mental health and wellbeing, to drive impactful, meaningful policy changes in anticipation of a future systemic crisis.

Кризис регулирования радона в России: масштаб проблемы и предложения по исправлению

Among the many accumulated challenges, radon mitigation measures for existing buildings are not still carried out in Russia that, combined with the use of an inadequate method for indoor radon measurements, has led to stagnation and crisis of the radon regulation system. To overcome the crisis, a ranking of buildings and responsibility distribution in radon control, including theses on updating the national norms and regulations for ensuring radiation safety, as well as nine priority activities of the radon action plan are proposed in accordance with IAEA requirements.

Development of polyresistance in microorganisms during antibiotic therapy in a multidisciplinary hospital during a pandemic COVID-19

Background. Irrational and excessive use of antimicrobials drugs (AMD) creates conditions for the development of a global crisis of health systems around the world associated with antibiotic resistance.
 Aim. To conduct a retrospective study of the impact of the use of AMD on the change in the microbiological landscape and the sensitivity of microorganisms in the conditions of pandemic of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in 2020–2021 in intensive care departments (ICD) of a multidisciplinary hospital.
 Materials and methods. In the course of the work, strains of microorganisms isolated from patients and from the surfaces of the hospital environment and changes in their sensitivity to significant groups of AMD in ICD for somatic and infectious patients with COVID-19 were compared. The sensitivity of the isolates was evaluated in accordance with the criteria of requirements of European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing – EUCAST, version 10.0, 2020.
 Results. A total of 1,394 isolates were studied, including 1,379 clinical and 15 isolates from the surfaces of the hospital environment. It was found that in all ICD in 2020–2021, gram-negative microorganisms prevailed in infectious loci in 70% of cases or more. In 2021, in the ICD in infectious patients with COVID-19, the persistent dominance of the Acinetobacter baumannii microorganism was revealed with an increase in the number of poly- and pan-resistant strains – 48.7%. While in the ICD for somatic patients Klebsiella Pneumoniae prevailed among gram-negative microorganisms – 37.5% in 2020 and 43.7% in 2021. It has been shown that in one department or in adjacent departments of the same medical institution, various nosocomial microorganisms with an unequal set of resistance genes and sensitivity to AMD may appear over time.
 Conclusion. The necessity of conducting constant microbiological monitoring and a passport of the medical department with mandatory registration of not only isolated strains of microorganisms, but also resistance genes in order to optimize the appointment of timely adequate empirical antimicrobial therapy is substantiated. The period of the latter should be as short as possible, and confirmed by convincing clinical signs of bacterial infection, and subsequently by the isolation of nosocomial flora from the biomaterial of critical loci from patients.

Economic uncertainty, public debt and non-performing loans in the Eurozone: Three systemic crises

Recent systemic crises, from the Global Financial Crisis to Covid19 pandemic, have put geoeconomic uncertainty to the forefront of financial services decision-making and planning. Yet, to-date, research connecting economic policy uncertainty to banking sector risks and performance metrics is lacking. This paper examines the relationship between the Economic Policy Uncertainty Index on the non-performing loans across 19 Eurozone member states, using panel data for 194 banks during the 2001–2021 period. As the crises covered were endogenous to the banking sector regulatory and operational environments, we introduce a novel control for the interaction between crises severity and duration, and banking sector strategic and operating environment. This control is proxied by public debt changes which reflect fiscal measures deployed to ameliorate effects of the crises. We find that rising EPU during the crises is associated with higher NPLs and government debt. We also document how this relationship is changing over time and across different crises.

Return and volatility spillovers between non-fungible tokens and conventional currencies: evidence from the TVP-VAR model

This study investigates the static and dynamic return and volatility spillovers between non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and conventional currencies using the time-varying parameter vector autoregressions approach. We reveal that the total connectedness between these markets is weak, implying that investors may increase the diversification benefits of their multicurrency portfolios by adding NFTs. We also find that NFTs are net transmitters of both return and volatility spillovers; however, in the case of return spillovers, the influence of NFTs on conventional currencies is more pronounced than that of volatility shock transmissions. The dynamic exercise reveals that the returns and volatility spillovers vary over time, largely increasing during the onset of the Covid-19 crisis, which deeply affected the relationship between NFTs and the conventional currencies markets. Our findings are useful for currency traders and NFT investors seeking to build effective cross-currency and cross-asset hedge strategies during systemic crises.

Efficient synchronous retrieval of OAM modes and AT strength using multi-task neural networks.

Encoding information using OAM beams as carriers greatly alleviates the capacity crisis in communication systems. When transmitted through the atmospheric channel, OAM beams are influenced by the random fluctuations in the refractive index caused by atmospheric turbulence, resulting in phase distortion and intensity dispersion of the beams, leading to severe signal interference. Due to the high randomness of atmospheric turbulence, it is essential for OAM mode recognition methods to have good stability to ensure communication quality. We establish an equivalence relationship between the continuous dynamics system and the network unit RUEM, ensuring its stability through theoretical derivation and numerical experiments. We propose a multitask neural network model, OATNN, embedded with RUEM to achieve efficient simultaneous recognition of turbulence intensity in atmospheric turbulence environments and OAM modes in free-space optical communication systems. Numerical experimental results show that under four turbulence intensity levels, the network achieves a recognition accuracy of 99.37%, and for ten modes, the recognition accuracy is 99.05%. Additionally, we explore the performance of this network in a 2000m channel transmission scenario.

Education in the prison system: an analysis of the Amazonas prison system

This study investigates the effectiveness of public education policies for people deprived of their liberty in the state of Amazonas, in the context of a systemic crisis recognized by the Federal Supreme Court (STF) as an unconstitutional state of affairs. The research was motivated by the need to examine the strategies implemented to tackle the widespread violations of fundamental rights within the prison system, with a special focus on education as a means of resocialization. The central objective was to evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of public education policies aimed at inmates and former inmates, with a focus on the state education plan for the Amazonas prison system. Using documentary analysis and a literature review, as well as statistical data provided by the National Penitentiary Department (DEPEN), this study identified significant advances in the provision of educational activities, evidenced by the increase in the number of inmates engaged in educational programs. However, the research revealed important gaps, such as the lack of precise indicators for evaluating policies and the need to guarantee the quality of the education offered. It was concluded that, despite quantitative progress, qualitative and strategic improvements are needed if education in the prison system is to effectively promote the resocialization and social reintegration of individuals. Future research suggests analyzing the impact of these policies on reducing recidivism and improving the quality of life of inmates, as well as comparing educational practices between different states to identify successful models.