Crisis Mitigation Research Articles

Engineering Uranyl Sites into MOF for the Efficient and Highly Selective Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction†

Utilizing sunlight for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO and other high value-added products represents a pivotal strategy for the environment protection and energy crisis mitigation. Herein, we have designed...

CRISIS MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND ENTREPRENEURIAL RESILIENCE OF TOURISM BUSINESS OPERATORS IN JAKARTA AMID COVID-19

The tourism and creative economy sectors in Indonesia have undergone notable growth over recent years, playing a pivotal role in bolstering the nation's revenue and contributing to the advancement of communities across the country. Jakarta, as the nation’s capital and the economic center, serves as the primary entry point for international tourists, supporting the overall growth of the tourism industry. Soekarno-Hatta Airport, aside from being an international aviation hub, facilitates access to various tourist destinations across Indonesia. The emergence of Covid-19 has triggered a global crisis and greatly disrupted the world economy. The WHO's declaration of a health emergency led to the implementation of multiple virus control measures, including lockdowns, social distancing protocols, and travel restrictions. Consequently, the tourism sector which heavily reliant on human mobility, experienced severe setbacks and become one of the hardest-hit industry. To endure such crises, businesses are required to adapt swiftly and adopt an entrepreneurial perspective to meet consumer needs amid uncertainty. This research aims to investigate the strategies for crisis management and the application of entrepreneurial resilience among Jakarta's tourism business operators in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. The study employs qualitative descriptive approaches, using semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis as data collection techniques. Interviews were conducted with stakeholders in the tour and travel and hospitality industry. Findings indicate that not all businesses have crisis mitigation procedures for the unexpected threats. Businesses are responding to this crisis by adapting, innovating, and seizing every opportunity to ensure their survivals.

Enhanced electrolytic immersion cooling for thermal crisis mitigation in high-energy–density systems

Motivated by the increasing need for effective cooling solutions in high-energy–density systems, this experimental study presents the two-phase cooling of a superheated SS 316L sample via immersion quenching in saturated deionized (DI) water at atmospheric pressure conditions with and without a DC electric field. We investigate the effect of the applied electric field, electrode polarity, and in-situ oxidation on quenching characteristics such as the cooling profile, vapour layer behaviour, minimum film boiling temperature (Tmin), and heat transfer rate. The cooling curves of samples quenched with the application of an electric field shift towards the left compared to the sample quenched without an electric field. The cathode sample at 200 V exhibits 33 % faster cooling than the bare sample (0 V). Overall, the in-situ oxidised SS 316L cathode sample at 200 V exhibits a 55 % reduction in film boiling duration, and Tmin increased from 268 °C to 322 °C compared to the bare sample (0 V). The visualisation studies highlight that the liquid–vapour interface experiences a series of oscillations followed by temporal collapse due to electrostatic attraction and electrolytic activity. The obtained results show that hydrogen-rich vapour bubbles increase heat transfer performance. The evolution of hydrogen and its adsorption at the sample surface reduces the activation energy for bubble nucleation and improves the bubble density via liquid pumping. These insights open the pathway for employing hydrogen bubbles for handling ultra-high thermal loads in high-energy density systems, and the specific case of a revised design of concentrating solar receiver is considered based on the present findings.

Influences of vaccination and public health strategies on COVID-19 dynamics in the United States: Evaluating policy impacts, behavioral responses, and variant proliferation

Background and Aim: The United States (US) government implemented interventions against COVID-19, but their effects on variant-related risks remain inconclusive. We aimed to assess the causal effects of vaccination rates, booster uptakes, face mask mandates, and public area mobility (societal behavioral factor) on early-stage COVID-19 case and death growth rates and identify the most effective public health response for controlling COVID-19 in the US. Materials and Methods: We performed retrospective analyses using four standard correlated random effects models, analyzing a robust panel dataset that encompasses 16,700 records across all fifty US states. Models 1 and 3 analyzed COVID-19 case rates and death growth rates, respectively, from January 2021 to November 2021. In contrast, using the data from August 2021 to November 2021, Models 2 and 4 assessed the effect of Delta variants and booster shots on COVID-19 case and death growth rates, respectively. Results: We found that face mask mandate (p < 0.01) and workplace mobility (p < 0.05) led to lower COVID-19 case growth rates. COVID-19 vaccination uptake rate reduced COVID-19 death growth rates (p < 0.01). Furthermore, contrary to Epsilon variant (p < 0.01), which contributed to reduced COVID-19 case growth rates, Delta variant led to significant increases in COVID-19 cases (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study suggests that immediate public health interventions, like mask mandates, are crucial for crisis mitigation, while long-term solutions like vaccination effectively address pandemics. The findings of this study not only sheds light on the recent pandemic but also equips policy-makers and health professionals with tools and knowledge to tackle future public health emergencies more effectively. Keywords: COVID-19, face mask mandate, public mobility, vaccination, variants.

기후위기에 관한 한·중 대학생의 인식 비교

This study aims to analyze the differences in how Korean and Chinese college students perceive climate crisis and to suggest strategies to elicit practical action through changes in cognitive attitudes related to addressing this issue. Results indicate that Korean students show a higher level of awareness about the severity of climate crisis, its impact, and the necessary response, compared to Chinese students. Moreover, both groups display appropriate concerns about their respective countries' climate crisis responses. Despite this, both countries were rated as 'very low' in the 2023 'Climate Change Performance Index' report, with China ranked 51st and Korea 60th. This discrepancy could be due to lack of objectively in evaluating their countries and a lack of environmental education. Therefore, to foster a change in cognitive attitudes and stimulate voluntary participation in climate crisis mitigation efforts, introduction of a climate crisis curriculum in universities is needed.

Financial crisis, labor market frictions, and economic volatility.

This article analyzes cross-country data encompassing 130 countries and regions from 2000 to 2019 to investigate the correlation between financial crises, labor market frictions, and economic volatility. The empirical findings demonstrate that financial crises have a milder impact on real gross domestic product (GDP) in developing countries with flexible labor markets. This trend also applies to non-eurozone developed countries, where labor market flexibility aids crisis mitigation. However, this pattern doesn't hold for eurozone countries. Further examination of developing nations reveals that those with heightened labor market flexibility tend to experience reduced adverse effects on non-tradable sectors, thereby mitigating the impact on real GDP.

From economic growth to inclusive green growth: How do carbon emissions, eco-innovation and international collaboration develop economic growth and tackle climate change?

The climate crisis is recognized as one of the world's most serious concerns, posing a threat to environmental, social, and economic growth. However, previous work has failed to address the dynamic effects through which economic growth may affect green growth and climate crisis. In this research, we take a closer look at the impact of carbon emissions, eco-innovation adoption, and international collaboration on economic growth and the influence of economic growth on green growth. This paper used the generalized method of moments (GMM) for 54 African countries from 2010 to 2019, allied with an imbalanced panel of 540 observations. This paper finds a positive relationship between carbon emissions, eco-innovation international cooperation, and economic growth with p-values lower than 0.047. Our study discovers economic growth's robust and positive impact on green growth with a p-value of 0.009. This research finds a three-pronged mediating effect of economic growth between its driving factors and green growth. Lastly, this paper furnishes new visions into the argument over economic growth versus green growth. It informs policymakers of the need to pay attention to the growing effect of eco-innovation driving factors on attaining sustainable and greener growth and climate crisis mitigation.

The FDA approves the second OTC naloxone - a step toward opioid crisis mitigation.

The FDA approves the second OTC naloxone - a step toward opioid crisis mitigation.

The role of B2B digital platforms for managing future worldwide crisis. A strategic sensitivity framework for exploiting the breakthrough technological innovations

The recent years have been dominated by the urgency of mitigating the effects of dramatic emergencies. In the first step the sudden outbreak of Covid19 and next the Ukraine conflict raising have put under stress the stability of worldwide B2B digital platforms sectors. In response to the unpredictable catastrophes the worldwide organizations started to adopt several breakthrough technologies by means of confused response strategies. The literature did not sufficiently address the issue of which could be the most effective ways to relief a crisis picking solutions from the new breakthrough innovations in B2B digital platform systems. The analysis of B2B digital platforms during a crisis is not trivial because of the system complexity. To fill the literature, gap this paper exploits the line of study of crisis theory. Through the lens of analysis of the adaptive management model, the paper aims at creating a theoretical model based on the most impactful breakthrough innovations on B2B digital platforms mechanisms. Related to dual adaptive management approaches, the study creates four different scenarios to simulate through a system dynamic method. The results of the simulation come up with four main mitigation strategy patterns associated with the different levels of crisis perturbation and adaptive approach style. The paper aims at expanding the study on B2B digital platform technological evolution and provides some interesting insights on how to configure an effective crisis mitigation strategy.

A Scenario-Based and Game-Based Geographical Information System (GIS) Approach for Earthquake Disaster Simulation and Crisis Mitigation

The current research study aims to introduce the experience of implementing a serious game using the concept of game-based GIS approach for crisis management during earthquake disasters. In this study, we aimed to develop a game-based GIS approach and examine its efficiency for simulating earthquake rescue management in Tabriz city. In designing this game, typical scenario-based, game-based GIS methods and techniques were employed, and the proposed approach was applied to crisis management. To achieve this goal, we addressed the technical details regarding the development and implementation of the scenario-based and game-based GIS approach. Based on the results, game-based simulations can be considered an efficient approach for disaster simulation and can improve the skills of rescue teams. The outcome of this application is an intellectual game that almost all users at any age can play, and the game can challenge their ability to solve critical issues. The results are critical for explaining the effectiveness of rescue teams and crisis management facilities. As we intended to develop an approach for the simulation of earthquake disasters and emergency responses, we therefore conclude that the results of this study can also be employed to improve the skills of rescue teams and citizens for dealing with crises resulting from earthquake disasters. As a result of this research, the developed tool is published, together with this paper, as an open source and can be employed for any scenario-based analysis in other case studies. By presenting a-state-of-the-art approach, the results of this research study can provide significant contribution to further the development of GIScience and its applications for disaster and risk mitigation and management.

Insights on Resilience and Flexibility During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study on Wheat Supply Chains in Pakistan

The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted global supply chains, including those in the food industry, posing significant challenges to food security and sustainable production. This study focuses on investigating the resilience of Pakistan's wheat supply chain during the pandemic, with a particular emphasis on the concept of supply chain flexibility. Through structured interviews with 50 individuals involved in the wheat supply the study examines the impact of proactive capability, supply chain design, and reactive capability on the resilience of the wheat supply chain. The findings reveal that proactive capability in the wheat supply chain demonstrated flexibility in various aspects, except for sourcing. Integration among departments showed collaboration, but issues were encountered in information sharing and efficiency. The readiness of the supply chain showed detection ability but lacked training and strong security measures. Supply chain design complexities were observed in direct dealings and a lack of flexibility in flow. Reactive capability indicated challenges in quick response, crisis mitigation, and recovery, emphasizing the importance of response teams and financial readiness. The study provides valuable insights for supply chain managers, highlighting areas for improvement such as sourcing strategies, information management, quality control, and financial support. Future research could explore other sectors and agricultural products, investigating different geographical areas, and increasing the sample size. By further understanding the dynamics of supply chain resilience and flexibility, organizations can better prepare for and respond to disruptions, ensuring the continuity of critical food supply chains during crises.

Destination Marketing Implementationi in The Tourism Crisis Governance Policy by The Department of Tourism and Culture of West Bandung Regency

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on tourism in Indonesia, particularly in the West Bandung Regency. This study aims to comprehend the direction of destination governance policies, tourism crisis mitigation management, and the West Bandung Regency Tourism Office's implementation of tourism destination marketing in the New Habit Adaptation Era. Regulatory and marketing conditions in the West Bandung Regency area will be characterized using a descriptive approach and case study methodology. In the New Habit Adaptation Era, the results of this study indicate the direction of destination governance policies, mitigation management, and marketing in the destination area

Supply chain resilience and absorptive capacity: crisis mitigation and performance effects during Covid-19

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships of supply chain resilience (SCR) and absorptive capacity (ACAP) with firm performance by specifically examining the crisis-mitigating effects under an environmental jolt such as COVID-19.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on data from a questionnaire survey among Danish manufacturing and transport and logistics companies with 174 respondents.FindingsWhile the adaptive capabilities associated with both SCR and ACAP are well recognized in extant SCM literature, less is known about their boundary conditions. Examining the functioning of SCR and ACAP amid the COVID-19 crisis, this study finds that both SCR and ACAP related positively to firm performance. However, while the positive relationship between SCR and firm performance was partly mediated by better crisis-mitigation, the results of this study did not find that a similar mechanism was present for ACAP. These results suggest notable refinements of current understandings of SCR and ACAP.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is limited by the cross-sectional design, the focus on Danish companies only, and by examining only two industries. Hence, comparisons to other countries and other industries would be of significant interest.Practical implicationsInvesting in SCR and ACAP to different extents provides for a complementary mix of longer-term opportunity-generating dynamic capabilities and more short-term crisis-mitigating dynamic capabilities. Firms will benefit from both types of dynamic capabilities during a crisis, but the latter will be more important for mitigating specific crisis impacts.Originality/valueThis paper extends current theorizing on ACAP and SCR by adding the distinction between the long-term opportunity generating dynamic capabilities and short-term crisis-mitigating dynamic capabilities. This paper provides novelty by empirically examining this theorizing by investigating the performance- and crisis-mitigating effect of SCR and ACAP in the light of the COVID-19 crisis.

Will Indonesia enter the 2023 financial crisis? Application of early warning model system

Purpose ― This paper estimates the possibility of a financial crisis in Indonesia using an early warning system (EWMS) model. Method ― A quantitative EWMS model has been developed to detect a potential financial crisis in 2023 based on the econometric logistic probability model (Logit) Findings ― Based on the model estimates, Indonesia is expected to enter a financial crisis without adequate macroeconomic policies in the next 12 to 24 months. In recent years, Indonesia has implemented prudent macroeconomic policies such as increasing the Bank Indonesia policy rate and sustaining the state budget to avoid the impact of a deep financial crisis. Implications ― To avoid the potential for further financial crises, Indonesia must implement a wider range of crisis mitigation policies. Originality/value ― Although many argue that financial crises are predictable, it has been demonstrated in the literature that little is known about how to prevent them. This paper contributes to providing empirical evidence to address these issues.

Digital Public Relations Program Management to Improving Customer Service Quality

Digital public relations are a new concept adopted in state corporate management. With form Customer Service Implementation Units (UP3), there is a numbers staff team that manages corporate media social accounts with different expertise backgrounds. Hence, it is important to establish engagement standards for digital public relations for improving high-quality service outreach to consumers. This study aimed to identify the digital public relations program of electricity state corporate with a case study on a branch unit in Banten. There were four informants selected through the purposive sampling method, and data were analyzed based on the following steps: data reduction, data display, and data verification. The results indicate the unit branch performs five (5) stages; problem analysis, plotting planning action, communication action, and evaluation. All stages are implemented in digital public relations for developing engagement strategies on dialog forums with a core focus on crisis mitigation and education campaign. Incorporating analysis tools such as SOAR or SWOT in digital public relations management evaluation programs could provide holistic improvement. Keyword : Digital Public Relations, Social Media, Communication, Customers Service

Understanding the Complexity of Rural Tourism Business: Scholarly Perspective

The aim of this paper is to identify and analyze the four core driving forces that shaped the complex picture of rural tourist businesses. These driving forces are marketability, participatory, crisis mitigation and sustainability. This study focused on the scholarly perspective to study and analyze the rural tourism businesses’ literature and its link with these four driving forces. By using the bibliometric analysis technique and VosViewer as a visualization tool, the results revealed that less than 50% of rural tourism literature was concerned with local businesses. Regarding the four driving forces, sustainability was the most linked force with the rural tourism businesses’ scientific production. Contrarily, a relatively small body of the rural tourism businesses’ literature discussed marketability, participatory and crisis mitigation, despite their significant role in the development of these local rural businesses. In addition, the results of this study showed the interest of rural tourism articles in the crisis mitigation pillar, especially recently after the COVID-19 pandemic.

ПРОЯВ СОЦІАЛЬНО ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОЇ ПОВЕДІНКИ СУБ’ЄКТАМИ ГОСПОДАРЮВАННЯ УКРАЇНИ В ПЕРІОД КРИЗ ОСТАННІХ РОКІВ

The article examines the critical role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in stabilizing Ukraine's economic and social environment amidst recent crisis events, focusing on the active responses of Ukrainian businesses during three key periods: russia's initial military aggression in 2014, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the full-scale invasion in 2022. Through a comprehensive review, the author analyzes the adaptive CSR strategies of businesses, illustrating how various companies provided humanitarian, medical, logistical, and military support. The article highlights CSR’s transformative power, positing that during periods of heightened risk and instability, socially responsible initiatives by businesses not only foster economic resilience but also reinforce social cohesion and national identity. This research delves into two main facets of business response: internal measures for employee welfare and external contributions to community well-being and national defense. It also emphasizes the expansion of business participation in humanitarian relief, financial aid, and infrastructure rebuilding, with attention to strategies that evolved in response to the unique challenges posed by each crisis. During the 2014 crisis, CSR primarily involved relocation of business assets and personnel from occupied territories and provision of direct humanitarian aid. In response to the pandemic, CSR efforts shifted towards protective measures, such as remote work for employees, stringent sanitation standards, and donations to healthcare institutions to mitigate COVID-19’s impact. The 2022 invasion saw unprecedented levels of support, with businesses actively supplying resources, transportation, and direct financial aid to the Armed Forces of Ukraine, and extending humanitarian aid to affected civilians, particularly those displaced by the conflict. The analysis suggests that the scale and nature of CSR initiatives correlate with the intensity and type of crisis, with the most extensive actions arising from the ongoing war. Furthermore, the article notes a strategic realignment in Ukrainian CSR practices, as many companies have severed ties with Russian and Belarusian markets, thus reaffirming their stance against external aggression. The findings underscore that, beyond economic stabilization, CSR engagement provides a foundation for rapid post-war recovery, serving both immediate crisis mitigation needs and long-term national restoration goals. In this regard, the author argues that maintaining and enhancing CSR activities is essential, as it strengthens the overall resilience of Ukrainian society and aids in preserving the economic and social fabric under extreme conditions.

Anti-crisis Management Mechanism in the Digital Age

This paper conducts a comprehensive theoretical exploration of the anti-crisis management mechanism within the context of local governance, with a specific focus on the integration of digital solutions. Theoretical underpinnings of “crisis” and “anti-crisis management” are expounded upon and synthesized, defining “crisis” as a transformative process that marks a pivotal juncture in system development, entailing irreversible changes. “Anti-crisis management” is considered a multifaceted concept encompassing systemic, process-oriented, and mechanistic dimensions. The examination of local-level crisis phenomena underscores the imperative for effective anti-crisis management aimed at stabilizing regional conditions and devising strategies to mitigate crisis risks. In this context, local-level anti-crisis management is characterized as “a comprehensive system of measures for diagnosing, preventing, neutralizing, and surmounting regional crises”. To inform strategic decision-making for anti-crisis management, an in-depth analysis of local budget revenues and expenditures is conducted, serving as the foundation for judicious tool selection in crisis mitigation. Emphasizing a critical assessment of core concepts and the intricacies of anti-crisis management mechanisms, the paper delineates key objectives for its implementation at the regional level. With regional development as the focal point of anti-crisis management, this paper explores the applicability of digital tools for crisis regulation. However, these findings underscore the paramount importance of tailoring these mechanisms to the unique characteristics and latent potential of each region. The paper concludes with a comprehensive assessment of the efficacy of city budget fund utilization and proposes an approach to optimize the allocation and structure of local budget expenditures by incorporating digital elements to enhance decision-making and crisis response.

Kako strukturna kriza preokreće ekonomsko razmišljanje i poziva na zelenu tranziciju u Srbiji

These days in the economy and society, along with well-known and highly elaborated internal structural imbalances created by economic neoliberalism and exacerbated by fault lines in reactive policies during serial crises, new disruptive forces related to external asymmetric shocks have been unleashed. Due to widening imbalances, the economy fell in a structural crisis (cascading crisis, rolling crisis or a confluence of crises). A high probability of the emergence of apocalyptic consequences warns us that the situation is extremely alarming. The global economy and the planet are in a serious trap of dying slowly but surely. Finding a systemic solution to rising imbalances is the imperative of our time. The so-called "green transition" is a big idea to mitigate the crisis and make a recovery. It is a way to annul the existing structural imbalances and misconceptions of reactive policies, as well as a platform for sustainable economic growth in balance with the limits of nature. This approach is particularly suitable for developing economies that aspire to catch up with the developed world through new industrialization. In this paper, we attempt to concentrate, among dozens of complex issues concerning the transition from an old to a new economic order, on those solutions pertaining to the economic system adjustments in line with the natural limits in a landlocked, small, open, and developing economy such as Serbia. The great majority of economics scholars have agreed upon the root causes of the crisis as well as the key assumptions regarding problem solutions. In defining our proposals, despite different angles, we intend to integrate the most effective elements of a widely accepted but outside-the-box view. No doubt, it is not certain for how long the current crisis will last. Some mitigation activities already exist. Unfortunately, it is not enough. To reverse the regression trend, four questions need to be answered. What is a global priority for action, and what to ignore? What would be a feasible and effective conceptual platform for the crisis mitigation and the subsequent revival and establishment of a sustainable and inclusive economy? How to coordinate transformative activities in the right direction at the local level? How to weight different instruments to finance the transition from a new normal to a better normal, particularly from the perspective of the mission of economic entities and performance measurement system? To answer the previous questions, the economic theory and public policy should first replace the nexus of neoliberal rules, particularly by making well-being a relevant tenet, not only selfinterest. That requires a paradigm change, in both microeconomics and macroeconomics, by adopting a new nexus of economic rules, capable of explaining the behavior of economic agents, sometimes irrational and inconsistent, but always under the impact of natural limits and "universal connectivity" as a dominant free good in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The above requires the implementation of the circular model of growth and heterodox economic policy platform. To make the transition to a new system efficient, funding of this endeavor should be of paramount interest. Following the previous line of reasoning, the material is organized in six parts, besides Introduction and Conclusion. The Part 1 is dedicated to the necessity for a fully radical change to mitigate the structural crisis and to set up a new conceptual platform for sustainable and inclusive growth. The Part 2 is focused on the fault lines of the neoliberal economic policy platform, confirming that this platform cannot provide the conceptual base for economic policies during the system change. The Part 3 proposes the green transition as a solution to the aforementioned problems. To invigorate a greener economy, the Part 4 is suggesting the new ways of financing as a smart enough pivot. The Part 5 discusses the transition toward a greener economy as a challenging response to the current economic situation in Serbia. The Part 6 is focused on the necessity for the accreditation of the green transition program for Serbia.

Factors influencing the resilience of mses to the covid-19 pandemic crisis in indonesia

The purpose of this empirical study is to investigate two things: a) the impact of domestic economic activities falling sharply due to the COVID-19 pandemic on micro and small industries (MSIs) throughout 2020, and (b) the forms of crisis mitigation measures (CMMs) adopted by crisis-affected MSIs. The study evaluates the importance of four components, namely capital, collaboration, cooperation, and digital technology (DT), using data from the Quarterly MSI Survey (QMSIS) 2020, which included 24,000 respondents (owners of MSIs) from around the country. It provides two key findings: (1) The most popular form of CMMs adopted by crisis-affected MSIs was those that produce other goods whose demand remains high during the pandemic, and (2) The most popular form of CMMs adopted by crisis-affected MSIs was those that produce other goods whose demand remains high during the pandemic with a positive regression coefficient according to theory and significant, suggesting that it was an important determinant of MSIs’ resilience. Combined with online sales, this form of CMM has greatly helped many MSIs survive the crisis. The findings have practical implications, including that government stimulus policy during a crisis must complement and correspond with the CMMs adopted by the target MSMEs, therefore, different forms of CMMs in response to different business risks need different policy approaches and stimulus packages. At least in Indonesia, this is the first attempt to empirically examine the impact of the economic crisis due to the COVID-19 on MSIs and explore their CMM by analyzing data from a national survey. In its originality, the findings of this study add to the small business literature, especially studies on the impact of the economic crisis on business.