Crisis Management Tools Research Articles

Digitalization and the Covid-19-led public crisis management: an evaluation of financial sustainability in the Azerbaijan business sector

One of the key challenges for businesses during the Covid-19 pandemic has been to maintain financial sustainability despite the public crisis and consumer demand shocks. While some companies have managed to digitize and cope with the new realities, others have not. This will determine the future of companies and the direction of anti-crisis tools in management strategies. The purpose of this study is to analyze the use of digitalization as an anti-crisis tool among Azerbaijani businesses during the Covid-19 outbreak. The data set is based on voluntary survey data gathered from key businesses of the Azerbaijan economy. Our analysis applied k-means clustering, the related-samples Wilcoxon Signed Rank test and the independent-samples Mann-Whitney U test to learn whether there was any connection between digitalization and financial sustainability. Our findings indicate that 42% of the businesses that participated in the study obtained benefits by using digitalization as a crisis management tool during the Covid-19 pandemic period, but 38% of the respondents did not report any significant changes in their businesses despite increased digitalization efforts. Moreover, 20% of the businesses examined experienced negative changes after digitalization. The results of the independent-samples Mann-Whitney U test indicated that those businesses that had high scores before and after the increased digitalization efforts during the Covid-19 pandemic, achieved higher median profits, while the businesses with lower scores experienced a financial loss. As can be seen from the results, the chances of benefiting from digitalization are rather uncertain for local businesses. The main policy conclusion from this study is that businesses in Azerbaijan need to address the digitization challenge comprehensively to increase benefits and reduce costs. The results of our study are useful for business owners, policy makers, and top managers when developing strategies for enterprise-level digitization, especially during and after viral outbreaks.

Artificial Intelligence Based Sentiment Analysis for Health Crisis Management in Smart Cities

Smart city promotes the unification of conventional urban infrastructure and information technology (IT) to improve the quality of living and sustainable urban services in the city. To accomplish this, smart cities necessitate collaboration among the public as well as private sectors to install IT platforms to collect and examine massive quantities of data. At the same time, it is essential to design effective artificial intelligence (AI) based tools to handle healthcare crisis situations in smart cities. To offer proficient services to people during healthcare crisis time, the authorities need to look closer towards them. Sentiment analysis (SA) in social networking can provide valuable information regarding public opinion towards government actions. With this motivation, this paper presents a new AI based SA tool for healthcare crisis management (AISA-HCM) in smart cities. The AISA-HCM technique aims to determine the emotions of the people during the healthcare crisis time, such as COVID-19. The proposed AISA-HCM technique involves distinct operations such as pre-processing, feature extraction, and classification. Besides, brain storm optimization (BSO) with deep belief network (DBN), called BSO-DBN model is employed for feature extraction. Moreover, beetle antenna search with extreme learning machine (BAS-ELM) method was utilized for classifying the sentiments as to various classes. The use of BSO and BAS algorithms helps to effectively modify the parameters involved in the DBN and ELM models respectively. The performance validation of the AISA-HCM technique takes place using Twitter data and the outcomes are examined with respect to various measures. The experimental outcomes highlighted the enhanced performance of the AISA-HCM technique over the recent state of art SA approaches with the maximum precision of 0.89, recall of 0.88, F-measure of 0.89, and accuracy of 0.94.

КРИЗИСНЫЕ МОДЕЛИ РАЗВИТИЯ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ

This article discusses the key factors that affect the sustainable development of an industrial enterprise. Within the framework of anti-crisis management, the use of strategic innovations as an effective tool for crisis management and stabilization of the main parameters of a business entity is proposed. The scope of the application of strategic innovations has been determined, allowing on the basis of specific criteria of economic development to form mechanisms for crisis prevention at the micro and macro levels. The object of the study is anti-crisis models of industrial development. The purpose of the work is to study possible ways out of the crisis of Russian industrial enterprises. In the course of the work, the peculiarities of the emergence and course of crisis situations in the real sector of the economy in the temporal and spatial aspect at the macro and micro levels are determined. The following research methods have been used: methods of system, situational and comparative analysis. As a result of the study, anti-crisis government spending, innovative preventive solutions, as well as the experience of international companies with the participation of Russian business are analyzed. It is shown that the creation and practical use of modern anti-crisis mechanisms can be considered an effective way to reduce the negative consequences of crisis phenomena. A model of statics and dynamics of crisis management has been developed. The key specific criteria for differentiating crisis situations at the micro and macro levels are classified, and the mechanism of their development is formed

БІЗНЕС-ПЛАНУВАННЯ ТА МАЛІ І СЕРЕДНІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

The value of the business plan of Ukrainian small and medium enterprises for small enterprises is substantiated in the article. However, the practical activities of domestic enterprises, this tool is not used enough. The main reason is the reluctance of the business owner to spend time on issues and the desire to start a business. It is proved that the effectiveness of business planning depends on the fact that the monitoring of the implementation of the business plan in the course of current activities. This important task is not performed in small enterprises, however, it applies to small enterprises when it comes to staff who would perform all the additional tasks and the owners' understanding of the need for such control. The paper considers the possibilities of using business planning as a tool for crisis management for small businesses. This requires the management of the subjects to implement this plan certain special knowledge, skills that do not work in the process of developing types of plan. They create this for SMEs even more, because they require even more universal workers who are able to take into account the requirements of the crisis situation, or get the cost of third-party services. The article finds that the variety of purposes for which business plans can be formed does not extend to small and medium enterprises in Ukraine. In domestic practice, the planning of a majority enterprise is used to raise funds and justify projects, as this is usually caused by external initiative. At the same time, other goals, such as enterprise risk management and generalization and evaluation of current activities are formed on the initiative of the enterprises themselves, and therefore are practically not implemented in the studied group of enterprises. The cost of business planning is a deterrent to its operation of small and medium enterprises. This is due to an objective reason – limited financial resources in small farms and subjective – the desire to save them on the development of a business plan. One of the main uses of business plans is to raise funds from various sources. At the same time, high-quality business planning reduces the ability of small and medium-sized enterprises to convince investors and credit institutions. Business planning makes it possible to plan the needs of raw materials to segment the market. These two areas are problematic in the economic activities of the studied enterprises.

ЗАВДАННЯ, МЕТА ТА ІНСТРУМЕНТИ АНТИКРИЗОВОГО МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ РЕСТОРАННИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ В УМОВАХ ПАНДЕМІЇ COVID-19

The article is devoted to theoretical issues of research of crisis management of enterprises in general, and restaurant business enterprises in particular. In 2019, the world faced another challenge of its time, which will surely go down in the history of all human civilization – a global pandemic caused by the coronavirus SARS COVID-19. The impact of the pandemic on all spheres of society and the state is difficult to overestimate, as it affects almost all aspects of normal and daily life of humankind in general, and everyone in particular. Of course, such rapid and radical events could not but cause significant changes in the lives of people and the state. In particular, one of the areas most affected by the global pandemic and quarantine restrictions is tourism and hotel and restaurant services, which, being closely linked to human resources and potential has faced enormous challenges in providing its own services. Many businesses did not withstand the pressure of lockouts and restrictions to counter the spread of the virus. Restaurants in Ukraine and around the world faced with the issue of minimizing the negative effects of the crisis, optimizing processes, and surviving competition in the food market. This is why the article is relevant, because anticrisis restaurant management is the only effective way for a restaurant company not to go bankrupt and continue its activities. Therefore, in a crisis, there is an urgent objective need to study such restaurant management, its theoretical justification, and tools of influence. The main goal of anti-crisis management for restaurants is formed. The list of basic tasks facing entrepreneurs of the restaurant industry during the implementation of anti-crisis measures in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic has been determined. Among which: withdrawal of the restaurant business from the legal status of bankruptcy, counteraction and activities aimed at avoiding the status of bankruptcy, localization of crisis phenomena, stabilization of financial activities and financial condition of the restaurant company, prevention of recurrence of crisis phenomena and others. A list of crisis management tools has been formed, which may differ depending on the type of crisis management: either for prevention or directly in crisis conditions.

Policies for controlling the covid-19 pandemic through social media communications by the East Kalimantan provincial government

During the Covid-19 outbreak, social media became the home for all sources of information for the use of social media due to limited public activities outside. Social media can be used well with innovation and information conveyed to the public; the public uses social media as a general information channel, especially Twitter. This study aims to find information related to the Covid-19 pandemic control policy through social media communication by the East Kalimantan Provincial Government. This study uses a qualitative method, QDA Miner or qualitative data analysis miner Nvivo 12 Plus, which analyzes content, network, and word cloud. The two Twitter accounts that are the source of data in this study are the official account of the Provincial Government of East Kalimantan @Pemprov_Kaltim, and the official account of the Office of Communication and Information Province East Kalimantan @Kominfokaltim. The findings of this study indicate that the Twitter social media account of the East Kalimantan Provincial Government has a function as a crisis mitigation and management tool. Twitter's social media account with high intensity is the @kominfokaltim account with a difference in the number of tweets that is not much different from the @Pemprov_Kaltim account and the monthly Twitter intensity of the @kominfokaltim Twitter social media account, which is more intense every month in providing information. Information content based on analysis using Nvivo 12 Plus shows that the information conveyed during the Covid-19 outbreak is directly related to policies for handling and growing Covid-19 cases in East Kalimantan.

BANK LENDING DURING THE COVID-19 CRISIS: EVIDENCE FROM SWITZERLAND

Abstract. This paper is devoted to the analysis of the influence of bank lending on the economy in Switzerland during COVID-19 pandemic. Analysis of the main economic indicators (GDP and its components, inflation, monetary supply) before and during corona-crisis proves that the impact of corona-crisis is stronger than that of the 2008—2009 financial crisis. A sharp decline of GDP, exports and imports is underlined. The components of GDP that were most stable over the last 12 years and did not decrease during the 2008—2009 financial crisis, namely «Households Consumption Expenditures» and «Total Consumption Expenditures», had a negative trend in 2020. It outlines the non-economic nature of the crisis. The pandemic period is characterized by growth of inflation and changes of the money supply structure, such as a reduction of deposits in transaction accounts by half. The most vulnerable economic entity was the population, whose solvency decreased significantly. It led to the consumption and transactions reduction. It is underlined that in such conditions bank lending can be used to boost consumption, consumer demand, stimulate economic growth. The authors’ analysis demonstrates that the amounts of credit lines and utilisation were higher in 2020 during ongoing pandemic compared to the previous year. Loans to individuals remain the most significant in banks credit portfolio, its share was 66 % at the end of 2020. At the same time corporate loans grow faster during the crisis, which indicates businesses have higher demand for credit and use it as a crisis management tool. Contrary to the existing opinion on the negative impact of bank lending on inflation, the article proves that the increase of bank lending as part of fiscal and monetary policy measures has a positive impact on economic recovery during and after the crisis. The analysed Swiss experience can be used in Ukrainian realities. Keywords: bank loan, mortgage loan, corporate loan, lending, Switzerland, COVID-19. JEL Classification Е42, Е50, F29, G21 Formulas: 0; fig.: 7; tabl.: 2; bibl.: 17.

Benchmarking as a crisis management tool – from theoretical framework to practical application

The use of new management techniques is an integral part of the work of modern organizations. A key difference is the huge pressure currently under which the organizing is currently being put. In this regard, the application and approbation of new techniques successfully applied in other organizations is likely to continue to expand and lead to better results and more hope for the future. Benchmarking as a modern management tool is increasingly necessary in the practice of modern organizations and its proper use is a kind of guarantee for the development of flexibility and adaptability of the structures of successful managers. The use of new management methods is an integral part of the reforming picture of management and is a key factor for competitiveness. On the other hand, a small number of organizations are conservative about changes in their activities, lack initiative on the part of employees in their work and lack flexibility in managing certain processes due to over-centralization of decision-making processes.

CONTROLLING AS A TOOL FOR CRISIS MANAGEMENT OF AN ENTERPRISE

The article considers controlling as a tool of crisis management of an enterprise, the main task of which is to provide crisis response (management) with an up-to-date information and analytical base. It is defined that anti-crisis management of an enterprise is a complex of measures to analyse and assess potential crises, develop anti-crisis action plans, identify signs of crises, implement action plans to prevent and overcome crises, eliminate their consequences and prevent crises in the future. The goals and objectives of crisis management of an enterprise are defined as follows: foreseeing the crisis and adequate preparation for it; hindering dangerous factors of crisis; managing the dynamics of crisis development; ensuring the vitality of the enterprise in crisis state; mitigating the negative consequences of crisis; using factors and consequences of crisis for the enterprise development. The main elements of controlling (object, purpose, objectives and tools) in the short and long term are described. The general and special functions of controlling are given. It is proposed to distinguish such function of controlling as crisis response. As a controlling functionality, a list of procedures performed by the controlling system was formulated and justified, which made up the crisis response complex: communication, coordination, cooperation, completing, converting, complementing and cogeneration. It has been substantiated that according to the crisis response complex the main role is assigned to communication. It is determined that the crisis response complex should act according to the types of crises that exist and may arise in the activities of the enterprise. A list of classic controlling principles has been provided and supplemented by such ones as the business responsibility and the anti-crisis principle. The principle of business responsibility provides for that the controlling service, while collecting, processing, analysing data and providing the basis for making certain management decisions, must be responsible for the reliability and relevance of the information provided. The second proposed principle (anti-crisis) provides for the prediction and anticipation of turning points in the activities of the enterprise and crisis response.

Spatio-temporal location of population: Strengthening the capacities of sudden hazards risk management in Goma, DRC

The population at risk from sudden hazards, such as volcanic eruptions, is often estimated based on the location of the residents. Crisis management tools, such as evacuation and emergency plans, are usually based on this information. Therefore, they often do not reflect over- and underpopulation in areas where the present population is different from the resident population at the time of the crisis. In the context of data scarcity that characterises Goma city (North Kivu, DRC), the results of the spatial analysis presented in this paper allowed the population to be located hour by hour on each day of the week. The dual movement of those leaving and those arriving in Goma made it possible to establish the temporal variations of the total population located in Goma. The variations are similar on all weekdays but differ for Sundays. Moreover, the spatio-temporal location of the population over time appeared to be strongly influenced by the activity rhythm of the city's vital infrastructures. In other words, areas where commercial activities, employment, and schools are concentrated, are crowded during working hours, while areas with a predominantly residential character become depopulated at these times. Therefore, the various areas of Goma could be impacted differently by sudden natural hazards. If their occupancy is poorly known, the safety of the population and the satisfaction of their expectations are difficult to predict accurately. Modelling these spatio-temporal variations of the population is crucial information for quantifying the resources needed to manage a future sudden crisis in Goma.

Strategic management of the enterprise in the conditions in the instability of the market environment

The article discusses the role of preventive anti-crisis management on the basis of comprehensive measures to overcome the crisis situations. The reasons and moments of crisis beginning are considered, and in case of objective impossibility to avoid entering the crisis period, the approaches to overcoming them are indicated. The basic concepts of anti-crisis management, preventive management and preventive anti-crisis management, which are effective tools for crisis management in the conditions of cyclical crisis phenomena, are defined. The main tasks of preventive anti-crisis management are revealed, and the estimation of probability of occurrence and analysis of consequences of influence of potential crisis phenomena and situations, at development of anti-crisis strategy, realization of action plans on crisis prevention is presented. The key areas of preventive management and the necessary tools for the implementation of anti-crisis measures at the enterprise are identified. The crisis warning functions that will be performed by the crisis prevention service are presented.

What Kept the Boat Afloat? Sustainability of Employment in Knowledge-Intensive Sectors Due to Government Measures during COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed new aspects of sustainable entrepreneurship and the resilience of SMEs in the conditions of individual countries. This empirical study contributes to entrepreneurship sustainability literature and business resilience literature by estimating the impact of various utilized internal crisis management tools and state compensation measures on retaining the pre-crisis levels of employment after two waves of the pandemic on the conditions of a V4 country. The study adopts an econometric approach towards assessing the influence of key factors of mitigating the problems caused by the pandemic, and the results suggest a crucial role of digitalization, internal policies optimizing variable costs, and utilization of direct governmental supportive measures to compensate for restrictions in force for employment retention in knowledge-intensive SMEs. According to the results, knowledge-intensive SMEs appears to have increased resilience towards economic shocks due to the capability to swiftly change the management of ventures to adapt to a crisis.

Looking Back: Reviewing the Challenges of Policy Development During the COVID-19 Pandemic for a TNE Partnership in Higher Education

This paper takes a retrospective view of the year 2020, with a focus on how Higher Education policy development was undertaken on a Transnational Education (TNE) program between the University of Glasgow (UofG) and the University of Electronics, Science and Technology in Chengdu (UESTC), China in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. It explores the approach to policy development under normal circumstances, contrasting this with the approach taken during the emergence of the epidemic and how the unfolding situation impacted on those policies. It demonstrates how the application of management tools for scenario planning and crisis management can be used effectively to develop a clear and prescriptive policy for staff. It also demonstrates how the use of such tools, combined with careful analysis and planning, can minimize disruption to student learning, teaching, and assessment. The paper then goes on to explain the creation and implementation of policies addressing three main areas: learning and teaching, Final Year Projects, and assessment. Finally, it reflects on the student and staff perspectives on the policies, considering how this information might be used to enhance the policy development process in future.

Organizational changes in the activity of enterprises in the context of urgent crisis management

Eliminating or reducing the negative impact of crisis phenomena on the economic condition of an enterprise and ensuring its further effective development is closely related to the concept of organizational changes. On the one hand, urgent crisis management tools almost always cause such changes. On the other hand, crisis phenomena in the activities of a business entity lead to the need to introduce organizational changes. In this context, it is noted that it is important to diagnose such changes even before their practical implementation begins. This problem is especially relevant when it is necessary to introduce so-called large-scale changes in the context of crisis management. Any mistakes at the beginning most likely will lead to failure to achieve the set goals and to problems in the practical implementation of these changes. Consequently, based on the results of the conducted research, organizational changes in the activities of enterprises in the conditions of crisis management at the beginning are proposed to be diagnosed taking into account four areas that correspond to the PAEI-model of Adizes, well known in the theory and practice. At the same time, it provides for determining the market orientation of organizational changes (proactive nature of organizational changes); the social orientation of organizational changes (integrative nature of organizational changes); the impact of organizational changes on the enterprise administration system (complementary nature of organizational changes); the impact of organizational changes on the operating environment of the enterprise (functional nature of organizational changes). The article offers a method for diagnosing organizational changes in the activities of enterprises in the conditions of crisis management, based on the method of hierarchy analysis (Analytic Hierarchy Process – AHP) and provides for the implementation of such key stages: the formation of an expert group; determining the level of a hierarchical model for diagnosing organizational changes in the conditions of anti-crisis management; studying the essence and characteristics of the proposed organizational changes, so that then diagnose them taking into account the directions of proactive, integrative, functional and complementary nature, using matrices of pairwise comparisons; determining eigenvectors, as well as establishing their normalized values, applying the known geometric mean of the matrix lines; determining the consistency of expert opinions; forming conclusions and recommendations. The possibility of practical use of the proposed method of diagnosing organizational changes in the activities of enterprises in the context of crisis management is confirmed by relevant calculations on the example of several business entities in the Lviv region.

Theoretical foundations of crisis management in the activities of public administration

It is known that the processes of reform of local self-government and territorial organization of government are accompanied by crises, risks and uncertainties, namely phenomena that negatively affect community life and require the use of anti-crisis approaches in the activities of public administration. Special relevance is the issue of improving the efficiency and competence of management of public administration, which cannot be done without the introduction of crisis management tools. The justification of this provision is chosen for the purpose of this article.The concepts of «crisis», «crisis management», «crisis management» are analyzed. The essence of anti-crisis management in the activity of public administration bodies is revealed. Peculiarities of using the concept of «crisis management» in the field of public administration are determined. The functions and principles of crisis management are outlined. The mechanism and technologies of anti-crisis activity in public administration are revealed. The breadth and evolution of views on the definition of «crisis management» are shown. Based on the analysis of modern publications, the stages of crisis management, the requirements for their diagnosis, the appropriate choice of priority actions are considered. These tools of crisis management. The conditions for successful implementation of anti-crisis management in the activities of public administration bodies have been clarified. The advantages of introduction of the newest methodical approaches of anti-crisis management, use of modern information and communication technologies and means of the analysis in anti-crisis management are analyzed. It is shown that the introduction of crisis management in the work of public authorities is a necessary condition for their effective operation.On the basе of the conducted research the conclusion on expediency of system and complex use of available tools of anti-crisis management considering a current situation, normative-legal maintenance and resource possibilities is made. The need for a full-fledged digital transformation based on the use of reengineering – a component of crisis management. Prospects for further research on this issue are outlined.

Crisis Management of Restaurant Business in Modern Conditions

The aim of the article is the study of presumable and real causes of the crisis, the factors that cause it, its signs and consequences that deteriorate the normal conditions of the enterprise functioning. Research methods used in the process of writing the work include general and special methods. From general research methods the following were used: deduction (when constructing the structure of work in the logical interconnectedness and unity, as well as the interdependence of its components), induction (when forming general conclusions of the study), abstract logic and synthesis (when clarifying the interpretations of the categorical tools of crisis management), analysis (in the development of classifications of crisis phenomena, in the study of trends in restaurants crisis management, in processing the results). Special methods used include factor analysis, computational analysis and method of comparisons, tabular and graphic, economic and statistical correlation analysis, forecasting methods (in justifying the prospects of institutions) restaurant business after the cessation of the spread of the coronavirus pandemic) and other methods of studying economic and managerial processes and phenomena. This paper investigates the system of restaurant crisis management and defines its essence and main components. It also considers necessity and relevance of crisis diagnostics and monitoring of restaurants activities and operations during different crisis lifecycle stages. The present work includes a comparison of foreign and Ukrainian experience, as well as the practices of crisis management and reorganization, state regulation in the realm of bankruptcy. It establishes the main external factors of unprofitable activity of restaurant establishments. It determines that the innovation policy in the crisis management process is one of the main tools that contributes to the exit of the establishments under study from the crisis and increase their competitive positions in the market. The current study presents a generalized sequence of crisis management strategic goals implementation. It identifies the phases of the crisis development and the stages of the crisis lifecycle in the restaurant business. It shows the developed structural organisation of restaurant establishments under the influence of the anti-crisis action program. Also, it presents specially developed proposals to reduce electricity costs in the restaurant business. This research offers motivational components that are recommended for introduction into the establishments activities and presents the structural model of restaurants activity crisis management system.

Modelling the crisis management and impacts of 21st century disruptive events in tourism: the case of the COVID-19 pandemic

Creación de un modelo de gestión de crisis e impactos de los eventos disruptivos en turismo del siglo XXI: el caso de la pandemia del COVID-19PropósitoIdentificar los eventos disruptivos mundiales más importantes que han afectado el turismo en el siglo XXI poniendo especial atención en la pandemia causada por el COVID-19 en el 2020.Diseño/metodología/enfoqueMediante un enfoque a las ciencias de la complejidad aplicado al turismo y una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica, este artículo esclarece el reto que significa un evento disruptivo en el turismo.ResultadosLos eventos disruptivos, en particular el COVID-19, son complejos y generan un alto impacto tanto en el aspecto psicológico, sanitario, social, económico, cultural, tecnológico, medioambiental y político. En su interacción, todos ellos añaden un diferente grado de complejidad al sistema del turismo. Este artículo propone adoptar un modelo de resiliencia como herramienta de gestión de crisis para afrontar eventos disruptivos en el campo del turismo.OriginalidadProponer una primera clasificación de los impactos multidimensionales de los eventos disruptivos del siglo XXI en el turismo y un desglose de las fases de gestión de crisis, como así también proponer un modelo integrador de ambos aspectos propios de un evento disruptivo.Limitaciones de la investigación/implicacionesDebido al carácter teórico de este artículo, el modelo integrador sugerido representa un marco prometedor para futuras investigaciones en el plano empírico.Implicaciones practicesEste artículo presta atención a aquellos países que han gestionado la pandemia de forma exitosa o no, para así tener una mejor noción de gestión de crisis y herramientas para hacer frente a futuros eventos disruptivos.

Changes in working conditions of employees of public organizations/institutions under the influence of measures introduced to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease (covid-19)

Problem setting. During the action of response to the epidemic in Ukraine in 2020 – 2021 [1-9], several additional rules, requirements, recommendations, restrictions on the behaviour by employees during to perform all or part of their work duties or to supply their services were introduced in the teams of enterprises, organizations, institutions, which significantly affected on the full implementation of labour and social rights established by international law, laws of Ukraine and collective agreements.
 The materials presented in the article highlight are some generalized results of the survey of representatives of trade unions and employees of state organizations/institutions on the questionnaire "Status of observance of workers' rights in the context of changes introduced to prevent the spread of coronavirus (COVID-19)".
 Recent research and publications analysis. Noting the high interest of domestic and foreign scientists in the impact of coronavirus disease on various spheres of human life and society [13-15], special researches and materials of international organizations (ILO, WHO, OECD, etc.), it should be noted that the issue of workers' rights of the state organizations/institutions in the context of changes introduced to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease remain poorly described and poorly researched and little-understood subject.
 Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. The purpose of this article is to clarify the situation regarding changes in working conditions of employees of state organizations/institutions under the influence of measures introduced to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and substantiate the relevance of social dialogue as an effective tool for crisis management and increased protection of employees' rights workers of the state organizations/institutions and local governments in terms of COVID-19.
 Paper main body. The article highlight is some generalized results of the questionnaire survey conducted in April-May 2021 among employees of state organizations/institutions and representatives of their trade unions.
 The body of the text of the article reveals the idea and methodology of the questionnaire, reflects the assessments of employees of state organizations/institutions on employers' measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19, the state of affairs with the provider of individual and collective protection of employees in government organizations/institutions, the impact of measures to prevent the spread of COVID 19 on working conditions and the state of protection of workers' rights.
 According to the questionnaire results, the changes introduced as a result of COVID-19 led to an increase in the volume of work performed (40.0%), an increase in the complexity of work performed (45.5%), an increase in the duration of work performed (40.7%), a decrease in wages (17, 8%) employees.
 More than 52% of employees have faced and/or continue to face difficulties in adapting to the changes brought about by COVID-19: almost every tenth employee has personal difficulties in arranging a remote workplace (12.3%), mastering digital (online) work technologies (9.5%) etc.
 Most employees feel a lack and insufficient level of provision of labour protection measures by the administration of the organization/institution. And the incidence of coronavirus among employees of government organizations/ institutions is many times higher than the average incidence among the population of Ukraine (~ 5.3%) [20], and almost twice the incidence of COVID-19 among the adults' population in the country (~ 22%)) [21].
 At the same time, only 30.8% of representatives of state organizations/ institutions expressed readiness to be vaccinated against coronavirus soon, 29.4% - against vaccination, another 39.8% - were undecided. And this is even though the fact that currently, about 65% of Ukrainians are ready to be vaccinated against COVID [21].
 The results show a high level of psycho-emotional stress in which employees are due to long-standing fears for health (their own and family's) (38.9%), feelings of insecurity and anxiety (37.0%). Another 16.1% of workers are concerned about the decline in family income since the beginning of the pandemic and the deterioration of health (14.2%).
 Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. The pandemic of COVID-19 has caused unprecedented problems and caused drastic changes in the activities of government organizations/institutions and changes in working conditions. These changes strengthen the responsibility of employers of government organizations/institutions for continuous monitoring of the situation, timely identification and effective implementation of tasks to take appropriate measures to prevent and control the spread of COVID-19 in workplaces.
 The priority of our further research is the development of social dialogue between employers and trade unions as a mechanism for ensuring labour and socio-economic rights of employees of government organizations/institutions.

Prerequisites for the formation of an anti-crisis management system at industrial enterprises

Introduction. The development of Ukraine's economy today takes place in an unstable market environment, continuous modernization of the regulatory and legal field of economic activity of enterprises and structural transformations of the financial and economic sphere. The systemic financial crisis and the high level of impact of negative factors of entrepreneurial activity cause an increase in the level of risk of financial crisis in enterprises. In this regard, the formation of an effective system of crisis management in industrial enterprises is of particular importance The purpose of the paper is to study the determining factors and conditions of formation of the anti-crisis management system at the enterprises of the industrial sector of the economy of Ukraine. Results. The paper considers the main prerequisites for the formation of a crisis management system at enterprises in the context of the systemic transformation of the external and internal components of the business environment, identifies problematic aspects of the crisis management system. It is established that industrial enterprises in Ukraine carry out their economic activities under the influence of a wide range of adverse factors of internal and external nature, which certainly requires further development of the crisis management component as an integral part of the overall management system. The main scientific approaches that reveal the essence of anti-crisis management, as well as the regulatory framework governing the mechanism of enterprise management in a crisis are studied. The study establishes the following basic principles of crisis management: early identification of crisis phenomena and the factors that cause them, rapid response to signs of crisis, use of internal potential and rehabilitation mechanisms to counter crisis phenomena, ensuring control over the effectiveness of crisis measures. As a result, of the study, the main approaches to the classification of crisis management tools in enterprises are identified, which is a prerequisite for the formation of a rational system of crisis management in enterprises. Conclusion. It is established that further research can be aimed at determining the vector of development of the crisis management system in the transitive economic and legal system of management in Ukraine.

The Role of the Key Components of Renewable Energy (Combustible Renewables and Waste) in the Context of CO2 Emissions and Economic Growth of Selected Countries in Europe

In the case of developing countries, it is not clear which crisis management tools will ensure sustainable development in a sustainable and environmentally friendly way, as well as reducing CO2 emissions in addition to ensuring GDP growth. The next analysis discusses the details of this issue. The study explores the connection between per capita GDP, emission of CO2, combustible energy, and waste consumption. The Hausman test ratifies that the regression model with the fixed effect is the proper method for the panel balanced data from 1990 to 2019 in the selected 13 countries of the EU. This study ordered the data into three categories (for 13 selected countries, the top nine EU countries (in GDP), and Visegrad countries (Hungary, Slovakia, Czech Republic and Poland)). The study found a significant positive effect of combustible energy and waste consumption and the negative impact of CO2 emission on GDP per capita. The cointegration test confirms that all three variables are cointegrated. This implies a long-term link among all three variables in the context of all three types of the selected panel. The Granger causality results ensure that there is a two-way cause–effect relation between the variables. The study strongly recommends that developed European Union countries (the top nine EU countries) increase energy production from biomass-based renewable energy and waste to stimulate economic growth. The same strategy was not recommended in the Visegrad countries because of the much lower GDP growth due to the N-shaped Kuznets curve. In these countries, it is advisable to avoid unexpected increases in CO2 emissions from biomass and fossil fuel-burning, to achieve greenhouse gas reductions using other circular, platform-based models instead of simple biomass energy production. Due to the low level of energy efficiency and the lack of application of technological innovation, the energy use of biomass can significantly slow down GDP growth in less developed EU countries (such as the V4 countries).