Creation Of Dictionary Research Articles

Funcionalidades del sistema de gestión de corpus, GECO, para la elaboración de diccionarios de especialidad

The use of computational tools for lexicographical work in the creation of specialty dictionaries is undeniable. The process starts from the design and constitution of the specialty corpus, through the extraction of terms, to the automated extraction of definitions, which is a work of computational lexicography. This paper sketches in first place the elements to be considered in specialty corpus constitution. Subsequently the GECO system is described, a manager to upload the corpus, as well as the system applications for dictionaries construction such as the automatic term extractor, the concordances viewer and the definitional contexts extractor. This approach shows an effective solution to the problems in the process of choosing terms and extracting definitions from a large corpus, which significantly reduces the processing time of the data obtained in order to improve the creation of a specialized dictionary.

Cultural transfer – thesaurus of thematization (problematization of transdisciplinarity)

The article analyzes the peculiarities of problematization of transdisciplinary experience in solving interdisciplinary and existential issues of everyday life with the involvement of scientific and value-moral priorities of scientific research. Problematization is considered comprehensively, at the level of thematization of presuppositions of transdisciplinary experience, the formation of explanatory hypotheses (by the type of abduction), taking into account not only direct but indirect evidence, using the heuristics of the thesaurus corresponding to the topic. The formation of the thesaurus is based on a cultural transfer between interdisciplinary discourses with an appeal for mutual understanding to the language of everyday communication in the mode of actual dialogue. Cultural transfer is focused on the translation and understanding of the problems discussed, the removal of speech inconsistencies, contradictions.Problematization, as a mode of conducting transdisciplinary experience, due to its complexly organized nature, does not imply unambiguous solutions once and for all. The latter circumstance plays a positive role, taking into account the chosen methodology for the real presentation of the subject of research. This experience has the ability to challenge the proposed solutions, requiring completeness, evidence, expressiveness and openness, promotes updating depending on the place and time (chronotope) of the research being conducted. Transdisciplinary experience, accumulating skills, always rechecks its methodological approaches: thematization of prerequisites and the creation of an appropriate dictionary, the formation of ways to translate interdisciplinary languages to search for explanatory hypotheses, taking into account not only direct but also indirect evidence.

Some Morphological Characteristics Of Uzbek Dialects

It is well known that dialects are an invaluable spiritual heritage that preserves the mental characteristics of the people. Therefore, the collection of dialect materials and their study in modern areas, along with traditional methods of linguistics and draws scientific conclusions. In Uzbek linguistics, one of the priorities is the creation of dictionaries on dialects and the creation of dialectal atlases. In this article, some morphological features of Uzbek dialects are analyzed in lingvoareal, comparative-historical and descriptive methods.

From Specialized Web Corpora of Tourism to a Learner’s Dictionary

This paper presents the two approaches used in creating specialized web corpora of Croatian tourism in Japanese for their usage in building a specialized learners’ dictionary. Both approaches use the WebBootCat technology (Baroni et al. 2006, Kilgarriff et al. 2014) to automatically create specialized web corpora. The first approach creates the corpora from the selected seed words most relevant to the topic. The second approach specifies a number of web pages that cover tourism-oriented information on specified regions, cities, and sites in Croatia available in Japanese, which are then used for web corpora creation inside the Sketch Engine platform. Both approaches provide specialized web corpora small in size, but quite useful for lexical profiling in the specific field of tourism. In the process of dictionary creation, the second approach has proven to be especially useful for the selection of lexical items, while both approaches have proven to be highly useful for the exploration and selection of authentic examples from the corpora. The research exposes some shortcomings in Japanese language processing, such as errors in the lemmatization of some culturally specific terms and indicates the need to refine existing language processing tools in Japanese. The Japanese-Croatian bilingual learner’s dictionary (Srdanović 2018) is currently in the pilot phase and is being used and built by learners and teachers through the open-source dictionary platform Lexonomy (Mechura 2017). In addition to the fact that work on the bilingual dictionary is useful as a means for training students in language analysis and description using modern technologies (e.g. corpora, corpus query systems, dictionary editing platform), the dictionary is also important in educating new personnel capable of working in tourism using the Japanese language, which is strongly needed. In future, the same approach could be used for creating specialized corpora and dictionaries for Japanese and other language pairs.

THEORETICAL BASIS OF STUDYING POLYCODE DICTIONARY ENTRIES

The article is devoted to the study of the theoretical premises of studying polycode dictionary entries in English learner’s lexicography. Learning any foreign language is unthinkable without the use of a variety of information resources: textbooks, reference books, encyclopedias and, first of all, dictionaries. The communicative specificity of learner’s dictionaries consists in their targeting to a clear segment of the readership. These are non-native speakers of English, studying it as a foreign language and living outside the area of its functioning, and, therefore, outside the situational context. The features of users to whom learner’s dictionaries are addressed determine the content and presentation of lexicographic material, which is aimed primarily at expanding the vocabulary of the reader and, moreover, familiarizing him more closely with the culture of English-speaking society. Lexicographers note that every user of the dictionary faces three problems: how to find the right information; how to understand it (comprehend) and how to apply what you understood. The history of the creation of educational dictionaries of the English language begins in the middle of the twentieth century. The main task of a lexicographic article in an explanatory dictionary is to provide a certain amount of information necessary for the reader to adequately understand a particular word of interest. To solve this problem, compilers of dictionaries resort to using both typesetting and pictorial non-verbal communication means. A polycode lexicographic article is a combination of two definitions of the same sememe, which are made with signs of two different semiotic systems: symbolic (linguistic) and iconic (pictographic).

Ranking concrete and abstract words using Google Books Ngram data

Creation of dictionaries of abstract and concrete words is a well-known task. Such dictionaries are important in several applications of text analysis and computational linguistics. Usually, the process of assembling of concreteness scores for words begins with a lot of manual work. However, the process can be automated significantly using information from large corpora. In this paper we combine two datasets: a dictionary with concreteness scores of 40,000 English words and the GoogleBooks Ngram dataset, in order to test the following hypothesis: in text concrete words tend to occur with more concrete words, than with abstract words (and inverse: abstract words tend to occur with more abstract words, than with concrete words). Using the hypothesis, we proposed a method for automatic evaluation concreteness scores of words using a small amount of initial markup.

THE PRACTICE OF CREATING AND USING BILINGUAL DICTIONARIES WITHIN A BILINGUAL PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE SOCIAL SPHERE SPECIALISTS

This article represents the practical aspects of creating and using bilingual dictionaries in the conditions of future social workers professional training.Introducing the bilingual education into the educational system of Ukraine is a pressing issue nowadays. Creation and usage of bilingual dictionaries is one of the basic foundations of educational and methodological provision of bilingual professional training in higher educational institutions. The use of bilingual dictionaries is carried out within a certain professional (special) subject. At the Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University each subject is developed according to the "Regulations on educational and methodological complex" and has the same structural elements. The Regulations establish the same requirements for the content and design of educational and methodological complexes of educational subjects, which are specified in educational programs and curricula.It is relevant that the students of the specialty "Social work" actively use "Terminology Bilingual Dictionary: Social Sphere" in the first year of studying within the course "Introduction to the specialty and system of social work services". The basic terms are learned during lectures, practical and laboratory classes, and independent work in both written and oral forms. Also, the mastery of the terms is checked during the final test work and during the exam. This practice of using the bilingual dictionary is also applied during the study of other subjects in the specialty. The process of bilingual training at the university is divided into four stages of training (according to the developed model of bilingual professional training of future social workers), each of which has developed specific teaching and training materials to provide professional training in such a way. The bilingual dictionary contains the most common concepts of social work with the foreign language translation. In the native language terms are interpreted in several variants, with deep explanations, various classifications, typologies and only the specified term and a brief interpretation of the term are provided in a foreign language. The dictionary also contains a short grammar guide to the English language and a phrasebook of the most common scientific cliches and expressions in English. The dictionary was designed to facilitate the work of students in the study of professional (special) subjects in their native and foreign languages.It is proved that realization of bilingual professional training will provide a conscious attitude of the future specialist to professional activity, development of their outlook, will expand the possibilities of its adaptation in the modern professional, social, informational, scientific realities.

Defining collocation for Slovenian lexical resources

In this paper, we define the notion of collocation for the purpose of its use in machine-readable language resources, which will be used in the creation of electronic dictionaries and language applications for Slovene. Based on theoretical and lexicographically-driven studies we define collocation as a lexical phenomenon, defined by three key aspects: statistical, syntactic, and semantic. We take lexicographic relevance as a point of departure for defining collocations within the typology of word combinations, as well as for distinguishing them from free combinations. Free combinations are (frequent) syntactically valid word combinations without lexicographic value and consequently there is no need for the description of their meaning, or syntactic role. Next, we distinguish collocations from all multiword lexical units (compounds, phraseological units and lexico-grammatical units) using the lexicographic view that multiword lexical units, whose meaning is not a sum of its parts, require a description of their meaning whereas collocations do not. In the final part, we return to the three aspects of collocation and their role in automatic extraction of collocational information from corpora. Semantic criterion or dictionary relevance of extracted collocations has particularly exposed the problem of semantically broad collocates such as certain types of adverbs, adjectives and verbs, and word which feature in different syntactic roles (e.g. pronouns and adjuncts). We discuss a particular issue of collocations related to proper names and the decisions about their inclusion into the dictionary based on the evaluation of lexicographers.

Analysis of the word-formation nest with the meaning of “nomadity” in the Even language

The subject of this research is the means of modeling cognate formations within word-formation nest with the top of “nomadity” in the Even language. The relevance of this research is justified by the need for systematization and comprehensive research of Even word formation. The goal of this article is to determine the semantics and word formation structure of derivative words of Even word-formation nest with designation “nomadity”, not previously examined in the works of Even language experts. The acquired results can be used in creation of word-forming dictionary of the Even language, and can be included into materials of special courses on lexicology and word formation. Based on the research of the word-formation nest with the meaning of “nomadity”, a discovery is made on the main features of the key concept, expressed using word-forming means. The authors also determine the semantics of these lexical units, and introduce new linguistic material on jargon and dialects of the Even language into the scientific parlance.

«Цан Цзе пянь»: к истории составления и бытования памятника

The article considers the history of creation and functioning of the ancient Chinese hieroglyphic dictionary “Cangjie Pian” as one of the most important lexicographical monuments earlier than “Shuowen Jiezi” dictionary (the beginning of the II century A.D.). The findings indicate that “Cangjie Pian” editing is closely associated with the process of the Chinese writing standardization during the period of Qin and Han dynasties. Originality of the paper lies in the following: for the first time in the domestic sinology, the authors analyse the process of “Cangjie Pian” transformation, each edition of which was based on an earlier version, and it made it possible to adapt the Chinese character worksheets for educational purposes.

Manas Ansiklopedisi nde Özolgu İfadeleri

The concept of realia, is based on the Latin word ‘realis’, which means concrete. This term, which emerged in the 1950s, emerges as concrete elements of the features of nation: The concept of ‘realia’ refers to historical, cultural and lifestyle-specific objects, concepts and phenomena that belong to a nation, which are not found in other nationalities. Realia, cultural linguistics, culture dictionaries started to be written in the 1970s and the concept of realia was also noticed in the field of translation study. The term realia is used in literature such as barbarism, localism, ethnography, ethno-cultural word, nationalistic word, space, etc. words are met. Manas Epic as the basic work of the Kyrgyz culture in which many ‘national realia’ have been studied in terms of determining the ‘national realia’ items. The concept of ‘realia’ was emphasized in the introduction, and in the following sections, the conceptual framework and method are addressed. In the findings of the study, in the Manas epic, which we can consider as the most important epitome of Kyrgyz culture we made on the national self-statements in the epic: 4.1.1.1.1. Mythological National Realia, 4.1.1.1.2. Astrological Emotional Realia, 4.1.1.1.3. Autonomous Realia, related to folk beliefs, 4.1.1.1.4. Emotional statements related to items 4.1.1.1.5. Expressions related to Kyrgyz National Games, 4.1.1.1.6. Emotional Realia, cultural linguistics, culture, Regarding the Epic, 4.1.1.1.7. Emotional Expressions of Tradition, 4.1.1.1.8. Other expressions of self-expression are listed under the eight-item classification. In the conclusion and recommendations section, evaluations were made based on the findings of the study and suggestions were presented. We believe that the study will provide a basis for the creation of self-governmental dictionaries in Kyrgyz Turkish.

К ПРОБЛЕМЕ СОЗДАНИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОННОГО СВОДНОГО ДИАЛЕКТНОГО СЛОВАРЯ

The article addresses the issue of creating an electronic format for a consolidated dictionary of Russian dialects. In the context of discussing the forthcoming reissue of the Dictionary of Russian Folk Dialects , such a form is seen as a necessary milestone on the way to solving the pressing problems of Russian dialect lexicography. The electronic format opens up new possibilities for lexicographic decisions, in particular for reflecting the functional features of live dialect speech, for presenting ethnocultural information in a dictio­nary entry. The creation of an electronic consolidated dialect dictionary involves the development of a database that reflects dialect vocabulary taking into account the interaction of separate dialect systems. The database is understood as a storage system with a wide range of functions for processing information. This will facilitate the systematization of dialect material for its subsequent processing in the framework of the future electronic consolidated dialect dictionary, including materials known to science but disparate and interpreted differently in regional lexicographic projects. In the future, the structure of the proposed database will make it possible to create an electronic card index, containing both cards already processed, and cards based on new, original (collected in the field) materials. The geographic and temporal specification proposed in the database will serve as the basis for the creation of lexical atlases, as well as metachronal maps, allowing the linguistic landscape of a certain territory to be displayed over a given time interval. The priorities are: 1) analysis of the structure of the source data, formation of requirements for the format of their presentation; 2) development of a format for the presentation of metadata on the spatiotemporal characteristics of dialect units that would meet the requirements of multimodality and interoperability; 3) development of an ontology of dialect data and metadata for semantic annotation (in particular, when correlated with external ontologies SKOS, Lemon, LexInfo), etc.

Az íróinév-szótárak kérdései a tervezett Jókai-névszótár kapcsán

The study reviews the main features of literary name-giving, author dictionaries, name dictionaries and literary name dictionaries, mainly based on Hungarian historical data and research results, highlighting key connections. It first reviews the research questions that arise in connection with literary names to examine to what extent they can and should be applied in the compilation of literary name dictionaries. The study details the types and editorial methods of Hungarian author dictionaries, and especially, how proper names are processed within these. It examines the antecedents of and connections between the dictionaries of Hungarian literary names currently being prepared or planned and offers overviews of the dictionaries of two scholars who wrote in English and the onomasticon of a contemporary English researcher. The paper then reviews lexicon-like works that list the names of literary heroes and which can be of use in the creation of literary name dictionaries. Finally, a plan for a dictionary of literary names, the Dictionary of Jókai’s Literary Names is presented, highlighting its place among author dictionaries and onomastic works. The author emphasises the challenges that the 10-million-word oeuvre presents in collecting items and examines the difficulties of selecting entry headwords and philological, textual questions. The paper is closed with a few insights into the structure of the word entries being prepared, and data management issues that still need to be solved.

Персональні бібліографічні покажчики як достовірне джерело історико-біографічних досліджень

The article shows the role of bibliographic indexes as a source of historical biographical research which permit to satisfy completely the information requests on a particular topic, presenting it in a complex, generalized and systematized way. The specifics of personal bibliographic indexes and features of their compilation and structure have been considered. The personal bibliographic indexes are aimed at meeting the information needs and improvement of different users’ information culture. Special attention has been drawn to the bibliographic indexes which are aimed at reproduction of outstanding Ukrainian personalities’ life and activities. Different forms, structure, contents and purpose of bibliographic publications (booklets, memorials, information and bibliographic materials, recommended list of references, guidelines, calendars of significant and memorable dates) about Borys Grinchenko, an outstanding personality of the Ukrainian education and culture, have been analyzed. The material in bibliographic indexes about Borys Grinchenko has been structured together with biographic materials and the list of references. A wide geography of bibliographic indexes about B. Grinchenko, prepared by the specialists of Ukrainian libraries, is relevant for modern users of libraries, especially for educators, scientists, librarians and students. It has been concluded that personal bibliographic indexes preserve their scientific and informational significance regardless of the development of information technologies, emerging of alternative sources information. Such publications can be the basis for further research, including the creation of biobibliographic dictionaries, encyclopedic and reference articles, monographs, etc.

Создание словаря абстрактных существительных в русском языке: критерии отбора лексики

Создание словаря абстрактных существительных в русском языке: критерии отбора лексики

Technology for creating digital explanatory dictionaries

The work considers a new dictionary technology adapted to the digital environment. A network-based knowledge database is developed as a modern way of organizing explanatory-translation dictionaries. The work describes the organization of multilingual explanatory-translation dictionaries by ISMA technology and produces a system of expert organization scheme to support the creation of explanatory dictionaries based on the network knowledge database.

THE IDEAS AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE ETHNOLINGUISTIC SCHOOL OF LUBLIN AND THE NEW PERSPECTIVES TO THE BULGARIAN LINGUISTICS

e aim of the article is to present the main ideas and some of the contemporary achievements of thescholars of the so-called Ethnolinguistic School of Lublin, founded and led by Jerzy Bartminski. The author focuses on its cognitive orientation and, as a confirmation of such orientation, points out and describes in detail its main research objects: language worldview, stereotype, cognitive definition, value, perspective, profiling and subject. The text of the article presents also the main scientific publications and projects realized by the Polish ethnolinguists. Much attention is paid to the EUROJOS project, which studies the axiospheres of the Slavs and their European neighbors. The main aim of the project is to work out cognitive definitions of conceptual values, traditional for Slavic and European culture, such as home, freedom, work, Europe, honor and more. As a result of the project work, 5 volumes of the Axiological Lexicon of the Slavs and their Neighbors were published. In conclusion, the author presents some new perspectives that are revealed to the Bulgarian linguistics in connection with the ideas and experience of scientists from the Polish Lublin Ethnolinguistic School. For example, the author thinks that it is possible to proceed with the creation of a Bulgarian dictionary of folk stereotypes and symbols following the model of the dictionary created by the scientists in Lublin, as well as to realize a research project to study the contemporary Bulgarian language of values and to proceed with the development of the Bulgarian Axiological Lexicon

Segmentation of Neonatal Brain using MR Images in an Efficient Manner

Image analysis using updated technology of magnetic resonance for finding, measuring and studying various tissue related structure of brain and thus discovering its medical region is an important application of segmentation process. In order to analyze the specific regions of brain, brain image segmentation plays a significant role for researchers and clinicians. In this work, we make an attempt to design an efficient segmentation model of neonatal brain MRI images of preterm infants. Initially, the dataset is collected from an eminent public repository that composes of numerous training and testing datasets. The proposed framework comprises of six phases, viz, pre-processing using FANFMF, Contrast enhancement using AAIHE, Feature extraction using PBDLFL, Affinity information using SCMMAL, Dictionary creation using DCAD and clustering using SSMLC. The main aim of this paper is to increase segmentation accuracy in the given MR images. The extraction of local features is a complex task which is simply achieved by the proposed PBDLFL via DCAD. The formation of selfsimilarity map from the probabilistic dictionary creation helps for better segmentation process. Finally clustering based segmentation process using SSMLC algorithm is used that that helps in decreasing uncertainty and sparsity of data so that an efficient diagnosis system can be obtained. Segmentation process that is proposed in this paper can be proved as accurate and efficient by various experimental result.

Rozwój polskiej terminologii toponomastycznej

Przedmiotem artykułu jest prezentacja ewolucji polskiej terminologii toponomastycznej — terminów i pojęć związanych z badaniem nazw geograficznych. Materiał dokumentujący rozwój terminów pochodzi z wybranych, znaczących opracowań i artykułów dotyczących toponimii opublikowanych po II wojnie światowej. Zaprezentowane zostały tendencje rozwojowe, zasób terminów toponomastycznych oraz ich wstępny układ hierarchiczno-tematyczny. Przedstawione analizy wykazały, że współczesna terminologia toponomastyczna jest dość stabilna i nie jest nadmiernie rozbudowana. Terminy i pojęcia powstałe w ostatnich dziesięcioleciach upowszechniły się, a operatywność nowo tworzonych, ale także tych uznanych, podlega ciągłej weryfikacji w komunikacji naukowej. Powyższe rozważania stanowią kolejny głos w dyskusji nad powstaniem elektronicznego słownika polskiej terminologii onomastycznej.

CREATING ELECTRONIC RESOURCE ETHNO-LINGUISTIC MATERIALS OF THE TATAR LANGUAGE

We analyze the steps of electronic dictionary creation, built on the basis of ethnolinguistic expeditions of the Institute of Language, Literature and Art Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan. Materials were collecting in respect of ethno-cultural archaic dialect zones of Siberia, the Urals region, the Middle and Lower Volga region, densely inhabited by Tatar population. It contains the terminology (ethno-linguistic) dictionary with large amounts of live examples of the Tatar speech, collected in the expeditions. In addition, the created dictionary is associated with the electronic atlas maps of the Tatar folk dialects